For this reason
This phrase connects the current passage to the preceding context, specifically Ephesians 2, where Paul discusses the unity of Jews and Gentiles in Christ. The Greek phrase "τούτου χάριν" (toutou charin) indicates a cause or purpose. Paul is emphasizing the divine purpose behind his ministry and the mystery of the Gospel that he is about to elaborate on. It serves as a reminder that the truths he is about to share are deeply rooted in the theological foundation he has already laid.

I, Paul
Paul identifies himself personally, which adds a level of intimacy and authority to the message. The use of "I, Paul" (ἐγὼ Παῦλος, egō Paulos) is a self-identification that underscores his role as an apostle and a servant of Christ. Historically, Paul was a Pharisee who experienced a dramatic conversion (Acts 9), and his personal testimony adds weight to his teachings. His name, Paul, meaning "small" or "humble" in Latin, reflects his transformation from a persecutor of Christians to a humble servant of Christ.

the prisoner of Christ Jesus
Paul refers to himself as a "prisoner" (δέσμιος, desmios) of Christ Jesus, which is both literal and metaphorical. Literally, Paul was under house arrest in Rome at the time of writing this letter (Acts 28:16-31). Metaphorically, it signifies his total commitment and submission to Christ's will. Being a prisoner "of Christ Jesus" indicates that his imprisonment is not due to any wrongdoing but is a result of his faithful service to the Gospel. This phrase highlights the cost of discipleship and the sacrifices made for the sake of spreading the Gospel.

for the sake of you Gentiles
Paul's mission was primarily to the Gentiles, as seen in his calling (Acts 9:15). The Greek phrase "ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν τῶν ἐθνῶν" (hyper hymōn tōn ethnōn) emphasizes the purpose of his ministry and suffering. Historically, the inclusion of Gentiles into the covenant community was a radical concept, breaking down the dividing wall between Jews and Gentiles (Ephesians 2:14). This phrase underscores the universal scope of the Gospel and God's plan for all nations to be united in Christ. It serves as a reminder of the transformative power of the Gospel to transcend cultural and ethnic boundaries.

Surely you have heard
This phrase suggests a presumption of familiarity among the recipients of the letter. The Greek word used here, "εἴ γε" (ei ge), implies a sense of certainty or assumption. Paul is addressing the Ephesian believers with the expectation that they are already aware of his mission and the divine revelation he has received. Historically, this reflects the close relationship Paul had with the early churches, as he often communicated with them through letters and personal visits. It underscores the importance of shared knowledge and community in the early Christian church.

about the stewardship
The term "stewardship" is translated from the Greek word "οἰκονομία" (oikonomia), which refers to the management or administration of a household or estate. In a spiritual context, it signifies the responsibility entrusted to Paul to manage and dispense the mysteries of God's grace. This concept of stewardship highlights the accountability and duty of believers to faithfully administer the gifts and revelations they receive from God. It serves as a reminder of the divine trust placed in individuals to further God's kingdom on earth.

of God’s grace
"God’s grace" is a central theme in Pauline theology, emphasizing the unmerited favor and love bestowed by God upon humanity. The Greek word for grace, "χάρις" (charis), conveys the idea of a gift freely given, not earned by human effort. This grace is the foundation of salvation and the Christian life, underscoring the transformative power of God's love. Historically, the concept of grace was revolutionary in a religious landscape dominated by legalism and works-based righteousness, offering a new paradigm of relationship with the divine.

that was given to me
This phrase indicates the personal nature of the divine commission Paul received. The Greek verb "δοθείσης" (dotheises) suggests a past action with ongoing implications, highlighting the enduring impact of God's call on Paul's life. It reflects the personal encounter Paul had with Christ on the road to Damascus, which transformed him from a persecutor of Christians to a devoted apostle. This personal aspect of divine calling serves as an inspiration for believers to recognize and embrace their unique roles in God's plan.

for you
The phrase "for you" emphasizes the purpose and direction of Paul's ministry. The Greek preposition "εἰς" (eis) indicates a movement towards or for the benefit of others. This underscores the selfless nature of Paul's mission, as he dedicates his life to the spiritual growth and edification of the Gentile believers. It reflects the broader Christian calling to serve others and spread the message of God's grace to all nations, fulfilling the Great Commission. This outward focus challenges believers to live lives of service and witness, motivated by love and compassion for others.

the mystery
The term "mystery" (Greek: μυστήριον, mystērion) in the New Testament context refers to a divine truth that was once hidden but is now revealed by God. In the Greco-Roman world, "mystery" often referred to secret religious rites. However, Paul uses it to describe God's redemptive plan through Christ, which was previously concealed but is now disclosed to the apostles and prophets. This mystery is the inclusion of the Gentiles into the covenant community, a radical and transformative revelation that underscores the universality of the Gospel.

made known
The phrase "made known" (Greek: γνωρίζω, gnōrizō) indicates the act of revealing or disclosing something that was previously hidden. In the biblical context, it emphasizes God's initiative in unveiling His divine plan. This revelation is not a result of human discovery or intellect but is a gracious act of God, highlighting His sovereignty and the unfolding of His eternal purpose.

to me
The personal pronoun "to me" underscores the individual and direct nature of the revelation Paul received. It highlights Paul's unique role as an apostle to the Gentiles, chosen by God to communicate this mystery. This personal aspect of revelation emphasizes the intimate relationship between God and His chosen messengers, who are entrusted with His divine truths.

by revelation
The term "revelation" (Greek: ἀποκάλυψις, apokalypsis) refers to the unveiling or disclosure of something previously hidden. In the biblical sense, it is the act of God revealing His will and purposes to humanity. This revelation is supernatural, coming directly from God, and is foundational to Paul's authority and message. It underscores the divine origin of the Gospel and the truth that it is not a human invention but a heavenly disclosure.

as I have already written briefly
This phrase indicates that Paul has previously touched upon this subject in his writings. It suggests that the mystery of the Gospel and the inclusion of the Gentiles is a recurring theme in Paul's letters, reflecting its importance in his ministry. The reference to his earlier writings also points to the consistency and continuity of Paul's message, as well as the importance of written communication in the early church for teaching and edification.

In reading this
The phrase "In reading this" suggests an active engagement with the text. The Greek word for "reading" is "anaginosko," which implies not just a casual glance but a thorough and thoughtful examination. This highlights the importance of Scripture study in the life of a believer. Historically, the early church placed great emphasis on the public reading of Scripture, as many believers were illiterate. This practice underscores the communal aspect of understanding God's Word, encouraging believers to delve deeply into the text to grasp its full meaning.

then, you will be able to understand
The phrase "then, you will be able to understand" indicates a process of revelation and comprehension. The Greek word for "understand" is "noeo," which means to perceive with the mind, to think upon, or heed. This suggests that understanding is not automatic but requires divine illumination and personal reflection. In a historical context, Paul is addressing a predominantly Gentile audience, emphasizing that through the Holy Spirit, they too can grasp the profound truths of the Gospel, which were once hidden.

my insight
"My insight" refers to Paul's unique understanding and revelation of the Gospel. The Greek word "sunesis" denotes a bringing together of knowledge, a synthesis of divine truth. Paul, as an apostle, was given special revelation by God to comprehend and communicate the mysteries of Christ. This insight is not of human origin but divinely imparted, underscoring the authority and authenticity of Paul's message. Historically, Paul's conversion and subsequent revelations were pivotal in shaping early Christian doctrine, particularly concerning the inclusion of Gentiles.

into the mystery
The term "mystery" in Greek is "mysterion," which refers to a sacred secret that was once hidden but is now revealed. In the biblical context, a mystery is not something unknowable but rather something that can only be known through divine revelation. The mystery Paul refers to is the inclusion of the Gentiles as co-heirs with Israel, a radical and transformative concept in the early church. This revelation was groundbreaking, challenging the prevailing Jewish understanding of God's covenant and expanding the scope of God's redemptive plan.

of Christ
"Of Christ" centers the mystery and insight on Jesus Christ Himself. The Greek "Christos" means "Anointed One," signifying Jesus as the Messiah, the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies. The mystery of Christ encompasses His incarnation, life, death, resurrection, and the establishment of the church as His body. Historically, this was a profound revelation for both Jews and Gentiles, as it redefined their understanding of God's promises and the scope of salvation. In Christ, the barriers between Jew and Gentile are broken down, uniting all believers in one body through faith. This unity in Christ is a central theme in Paul's epistles, emphasizing the transformative power of the Gospel.

which was not made known
This phrase emphasizes the mystery of the Gospel that was hidden in previous ages. The Greek word for "made known" is "γνωρίζω" (gnōrizō), which means to make known or declare. Historically, God's plan for salvation through Jesus Christ was not fully disclosed to previous generations. This highlights the progressive revelation of God's redemptive plan, which was concealed in the Old Testament but is now unveiled in the New Testament era.

to men in other generations
The term "generations" refers to the people of past ages. In the context of biblical history, this includes the patriarchs, prophets, and the nation of Israel. The mystery of Christ and the inclusion of the Gentiles into God's covenant was not fully understood by these earlier generations. This underscores the unfolding nature of God's revelation, which was gradually disclosed over time.

as it has now been revealed
The word "revealed" comes from the Greek "ἀποκαλύπτω" (apokalyptō), meaning to uncover or unveil. This signifies a divine disclosure that was previously hidden. The use of "now" indicates the present time of the apostolic age, where the full revelation of the mystery of Christ is made clear. This revelation is a pivotal moment in salvation history, marking the transition from shadow to substance.

by the Spirit
The Holy Spirit is the agent of revelation, illuminating the minds of the apostles and prophets. The Spirit's role is crucial in understanding divine mysteries, as He guides believers into all truth (John 16:13). This emphasizes the necessity of the Spirit's work in revealing God's purposes, which human wisdom alone cannot comprehend.

to God’s holy apostles and prophets
The apostles and prophets are the foundational leaders of the early church, entrusted with the revelation of the mystery of Christ. The term "holy" signifies their consecration and dedication to God's service. In the New Testament context, apostles were those directly commissioned by Christ, while prophets were inspired to speak God's message. This highlights the authoritative role they played in communicating divine truths to the church.

This mystery
The term "mystery" in the Greek is "mystērion," which refers to a divine secret that was once hidden but is now revealed. In the context of Ephesians, this mystery is not something that is mysterious in the sense of being incomprehensible, but rather a truth that was previously concealed in God's plan and has now been disclosed through the revelation of Jesus Christ. Historically, the concept of mystery was significant in the Greco-Roman world, often associated with religious rites and secret knowledge. However, Paul uses it to emphasize the unveiling of God's redemptive plan for humanity, which was hidden in ages past but is now made known through the gospel.

through the gospel
The Greek word for "gospel" is "euangelion," meaning "good news." This good news is the message of salvation through Jesus Christ, which is central to Christian faith. The gospel is the means by which the mystery is revealed and made accessible to all people, both Jews and Gentiles. In the historical context of the early church, the gospel was revolutionary, breaking down the barriers between different ethnic and social groups, and offering a new way of life centered on the teachings and sacrifice of Jesus.

the Gentiles
The term "Gentiles" refers to all nations or peoples who are not of Jewish descent. In the Old Testament, the Gentiles were often seen as outsiders to the covenant promises given to Israel. However, in the New Testament, particularly in Paul's writings, the inclusion of the Gentiles is a major theme. This inclusion signifies the universal scope of God's salvation plan, which extends beyond the boundaries of Israel to embrace all humanity. The historical context of the early church was marked by tension between Jewish and Gentile believers, and Paul's message was pivotal in promoting unity and equality among them.

are fellow heirs
The phrase "fellow heirs" comes from the Greek "sugklēronoma," indicating a shared inheritance. In the biblical context, an heir is someone who receives an inheritance, often associated with familial rights and privileges. By calling Gentiles "fellow heirs," Paul emphasizes that they share equally in the spiritual blessings and promises of God, alongside Jewish believers. This concept would have been radical in the first-century context, where inheritance was typically restricted by ethnic and familial lines.

fellow members of the body
The Greek term "sussōma" is used here, which is unique to this passage and emphasizes the unity and integration of Gentiles into the body of Christ. The "body" metaphor is a powerful image used by Paul to describe the church, highlighting the interconnectedness and interdependence of all believers. Historically, this was a profound statement against the backdrop of a divided society, affirming that in Christ, all believers are united as one body, regardless of their ethnic or cultural backgrounds.

and fellow partakers of the promise
The phrase "fellow partakers" is translated from the Greek "summetocha," meaning to share in or participate together. The "promise" refers to the covenantal promises of God, which include salvation, the Holy Spirit, and eternal life. By stating that Gentiles are fellow partakers, Paul underscores the full inclusion of Gentiles in the blessings and promises that were once thought to be exclusive to Israel. This reflects the fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham that all nations would be blessed through his seed (Genesis 12:3).

in Christ Jesus
The phrase "in Christ Jesus" is central to Paul's theology, signifying the believer's union with Christ. This union is the basis for all the blessings and privileges mentioned in the verse. It is through Christ that the mystery is revealed, the gospel is preached, and the promises are fulfilled. Historically, this concept of being "in Christ" was transformative, offering a new identity and purpose to believers, transcending their previous divisions and uniting them in a shared faith and mission.

I became a servant
The phrase "I became a servant" reflects the Greek word "διάκονος" (diakonos), which is often translated as "servant" or "minister." In the early Christian context, this term denotes one who serves others, emphasizing humility and dedication. Paul, the author of Ephesians, identifies himself as a servant, highlighting his role in spreading the gospel. This servanthood is not self-imposed but a divine calling, underscoring the Christian belief that true leadership in the faith is marked by service and humility, following the example of Christ Himself.

of this gospel
The "gospel" refers to the "good news" of Jesus Christ—His life, death, and resurrection for the salvation of humanity. The Greek word "εὐαγγέλιον" (euangelion) conveys a message of joy and hope. In the historical context of the early church, the gospel was revolutionary, offering a new covenant and relationship with God. Paul's dedication to this gospel signifies its centrality in Christian doctrine and life, as it is the foundation of faith and the message that believers are called to share with the world.

by the gift of God’s grace
"Grace" in Greek is "χάρις" (charis), meaning unmerited favor or kindness. The phrase emphasizes that Paul's role as a servant of the gospel is not due to his own merit or effort but is a result of God's generous and unearned favor. This grace is a recurring theme in Paul's writings, highlighting the transformative power of God's love and mercy. It serves as a reminder to believers that their calling and abilities are gifts from God, meant to be used for His glory and the advancement of His kingdom.

given me
The phrase "given me" underscores the personal nature of God's grace. It is not a generic or abstract concept but a specific and intentional act by God towards Paul. This personal aspect of grace is crucial in understanding the relational nature of Christianity, where God interacts with individuals, calling them to specific purposes and empowering them for His work.

through the working of His power
The "working of His power" refers to the divine energy and strength that enables Paul to fulfill his ministry. The Greek word for "power" is "δύναμις" (dynamis), which implies dynamic force and capability. This power is not human but divine, indicating that the effectiveness of Paul's ministry is rooted in God's strength, not his own. Historically, this reflects the early church's reliance on the Holy Spirit to guide and empower their mission. For contemporary believers, it serves as a reminder that their efforts in serving God are sustained and made fruitful by His power, not by human effort alone.

Though I am less than the least of all the saints
This phrase reflects Paul's deep humility and recognition of his past as a persecutor of Christians. The Greek word used here, "ἐλαχιστότερος" (elachistoteros), is a superlative form meaning "less than the least." Paul acknowledges his unworthiness in comparison to other believers, emphasizing the transformative power of God's grace. Historically, Paul’s conversion from a zealous Pharisee to a devoted apostle underscores the radical change that Christ can bring into a person's life. This humility is a model for all Christians, reminding us that our past does not disqualify us from being used by God.

this grace was given me
The term "grace" (χάρις, charis) in this context refers to the divine favor and empowerment bestowed upon Paul. It is not merely unmerited favor but also the enabling power of God to fulfill His purposes. The historical context of Paul’s mission to the Gentiles highlights the revolutionary nature of this grace, as it broke the barriers between Jews and Gentiles, bringing them together in the body of Christ. This grace is a reminder that God equips those He calls, providing them with the necessary strength and wisdom to carry out His will.

to preach to the Gentiles
The word "preach" (εὐαγγελίζω, euangelizō) means to proclaim the good news. Paul's specific mission to the Gentiles was a significant shift in the early church, as the message of Christ was extended beyond the Jewish community. This reflects the fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham that all nations would be blessed through his seed (Genesis 12:3). The inclusion of the Gentiles is a testament to the universal scope of the Gospel, breaking down ethnic and cultural barriers and uniting all people under Christ.

the unsearchable riches of Christ
The term "unsearchable" (ἀνεξιχνίαστος, anexichniastos) conveys the idea of something that cannot be fully comprehended or explored. The "riches of Christ" refer to the boundless spiritual blessings and treasures found in a relationship with Him. These riches include salvation, peace, joy, and eternal life, which are beyond human understanding and cannot be measured by earthly standards. This phrase invites believers to continually seek and discover the depths of Christ's love and grace, knowing that there is always more to learn and experience in Him.

and to illuminate
The Greek word for "illuminate" is "φωτίσαι" (phōtisai), which means to bring to light or to make something clear. In the context of Ephesians, Paul is emphasizing his role in revealing divine truths that were previously concealed. This illumination is not merely intellectual but spiritual, aiming to enlighten the hearts and minds of believers. Historically, this reflects the transition from the Old Covenant, where many truths were shadowed, to the New Covenant, where the fullness of God's plan is revealed through Christ.

for everyone
The phrase "for everyone" underscores the universal scope of the Gospel. The mystery of Christ is not limited to a specific group but is intended for all humanity. This inclusivity was revolutionary in the first-century context, where religious and cultural barriers were prevalent. Paul's mission was to ensure that the message of salvation through Christ transcended these barriers, aligning with the Great Commission to make disciples of all nations.

the stewardship
The term "stewardship" comes from the Greek "οἰκονομία" (oikonomia), which refers to the management or administration of a household or estate. In this context, it signifies the responsibility entrusted to Paul to manage and dispense the mysteries of God. This stewardship is a divine appointment, highlighting the seriousness and sacredness of Paul's apostolic mission. It reflects the broader Christian calling to faithfully manage the gifts and revelations God has entrusted to each believer.

of this mystery
The "mystery" in Greek is "μυστήριον" (mystērion), which refers to a sacred secret that is revealed by God. In Ephesians, this mystery pertains to the inclusion of the Gentiles in the promises of God through Christ. Historically, this was a radical shift from Jewish exclusivity to a new covenant community comprising both Jews and Gentiles. The mystery is not something to be solved by human reasoning but is a divine revelation that requires faith to comprehend.

which for ages past was kept hidden
This phrase indicates the temporal aspect of God's revelation. The mystery was "kept hidden" (Greek: "ἀποκεκρυμμένου" - apokekrymmenou) in previous ages, signifying that it was part of God's eternal plan but not fully disclosed until the coming of Christ. This hiddenness underscores God's sovereignty and the unfolding of His redemptive plan in His perfect timing. It also highlights the privilege of living in an era where these mysteries are now revealed.

in God
The phrase "in God" emphasizes the source and origin of the mystery. It was hidden "in God," indicating that the mystery is divine in nature and originates from the heart of God Himself. This points to the intimate relationship between God and His creation, where He chooses to reveal His purposes according to His will. It also reassures believers of the trustworthiness and faithfulness of God, who holds all things in His hands.

who created all things
This final phrase affirms God's role as the Creator. The Greek word "κτίσαντος" (ktisantos) refers to the act of creating. By linking the mystery to the Creator, Paul underscores the authority and power of God. The Creator of all things is also the revealer of divine mysteries, reinforcing the idea that the Gospel is part of the cosmic order established by God. This serves as a reminder of the grandeur and majesty of God's plan, which encompasses all of creation and history.

so that
This phrase indicates purpose or result. In the Greek, "ἵνα" (hina) is often used to express the intention behind an action. Here, it connects the mystery of the Gospel, previously hidden, with its revelation. The purpose of God's plan is not random but intentional, aiming to reveal His wisdom.

the manifold wisdom
The Greek word for "manifold" is "πολυποίκιλος" (polypoikilos), meaning "many-sided" or "variegated." This suggests the complexity and richness of God's wisdom, which is beyond human comprehension. It reflects the diverse ways God works in the world, through creation, redemption, and the church.

of God
This phrase emphasizes the divine origin of the wisdom being discussed. It is not human wisdom but God's, which is perfect and eternal. The wisdom of God is a recurring theme in Scripture, often contrasted with human folly.

might now be made known
The Greek verb "γνωρισθῇ" (gnōristhē) implies a revelation or making something known that was previously hidden. This revelation is happening "now," indicating the present age of the church, post-resurrection, where the mystery of Christ is unveiled.

through the church
The church is the instrument through which God's wisdom is revealed. In the Greek, "ἐκκλησία" (ekklēsia) refers to the assembly or gathering of believers. The church, as the body of Christ, is central to God's plan, serving as a living testimony of His wisdom and grace.

to the rulers and authorities
These terms, "ἀρχαῖς" (archais) and "ἐξουσίαις" (exousiais), refer to spiritual powers and beings. In the context of Ephesians, Paul often speaks of spiritual warfare and the cosmic scope of God's plan. The church's role is not just earthly but cosmic, impacting the spiritual realm.

in the heavenly realms
The phrase "ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις" (en tois epouraniois) points to the spiritual dimension. Ephesians frequently mentions the "heavenly realms," indicating the sphere of spiritual activity and authority. God's wisdom is displayed not only on earth but also in the spiritual world, demonstrating His sovereignty over all creation.

according to
This phrase indicates alignment or conformity with a standard or plan. In the Greek, "κατά" (kata) suggests a sense of direction or accordance. It implies that what follows is not random or incidental but is in full agreement with a pre-established plan. This sets the stage for understanding that God's actions are deliberate and intentional, reflecting His divine wisdom and sovereignty.

the eternal purpose
The Greek word for "eternal" is "αἰώνιος" (aionios), which conveys the idea of timelessness and perpetuity. "Purpose" comes from "πρόθεσις" (prothesis), meaning a setting forth or a plan. Together, these words emphasize that God's plan is not a reaction to events but a preordained design that transcends time. This eternal purpose underscores the unchanging nature of God and His plans, offering believers assurance that God's intentions are steadfast and reliable.

that He accomplished
The verb "accomplished" is translated from the Greek "ποιέω" (poieo), meaning to make or to do. It signifies completion and fulfillment. This indicates that God's eternal purpose is not merely theoretical but has been actively brought to fruition. The use of this word reassures believers that God's plans are not just promises but realities that have been realized through His divine action.

in Christ Jesus
The phrase "in Christ Jesus" is central to Pauline theology, emphasizing the union of believers with Christ. The Greek "ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ" (en Christo Iesou) denotes a profound spiritual relationship. It is through Christ that God's eternal purpose is realized, highlighting the pivotal role of Jesus in the divine plan. This underscores the belief that all of God's promises and purposes are fulfilled in and through Jesus, affirming His centrality in salvation history.

our Lord
The term "Lord" is translated from the Greek "Κύριος" (Kyrios), a title of respect and authority. It acknowledges Jesus' divine sovereignty and His rightful place as ruler over all. By referring to Jesus as "our Lord," Paul personalizes this relationship, inviting believers to recognize Jesus' authority in their lives. This title also connects to the early Christian confession of faith, affirming Jesus' divinity and His role as the head of the Church.

In Him
The phrase "In Him" refers to our union with Christ, a central theme in Pauline theology. The Greek preposition "ἐν" (en) signifies a fixed position in place, time, or state, indicating that our relationship with Christ is foundational and secure. This union is not merely positional but relational, emphasizing that all spiritual blessings and privileges, including access to God, are found in Christ alone. Historically, this reflects the early Christian understanding that Jesus is the mediator between God and humanity, fulfilling the Old Testament prophecies of a coming Messiah who would restore the broken relationship between God and His people.

through faith in Him
The Greek word for "faith" is "πίστις" (pistis), which implies trust, belief, and reliance. This faith is not a mere intellectual assent but a deep-seated trust in the person and work of Jesus Christ. The phrase underscores that it is not by our works or merits that we approach God, but solely through faith in Jesus. This aligns with the Reformation principle of "sola fide" (faith alone), which emphasizes that justification and access to God are granted through faith, not by human effort. Historically, this was a radical departure from the Jewish law-based approach to righteousness, highlighting the transformative power of the Gospel.

we may enter God’s presence
The concept of entering "God’s presence" is rooted in the Old Testament, where access to God was restricted to the high priest once a year in the Holy of Holies. The Greek word "προσαγωγή" (prosagōgē) means access or approach, signifying a privilege once reserved for a select few. Through Christ, this access is now available to all believers, symbolizing the tearing of the temple veil at Christ's crucifixion, which opened the way for direct communion with God. This reflects the new covenant reality where believers are invited into an intimate relationship with God, a profound shift from the distant and mediated relationship under the old covenant.

with boldness
The term "boldness" is translated from the Greek "παρρησία" (parrēsia), which conveys the idea of freedom in speaking, openness, and confidence. This boldness is not arrogance but a confident assurance rooted in the finished work of Christ. It reflects the believer's newfound status as a child of God, who can approach the Father without fear of rejection or condemnation. Historically, this boldness contrasts with the fear and trepidation associated with approaching a holy God under the old covenant, highlighting the transformative impact of Christ's atoning sacrifice.

and confidence
The word "confidence" comes from the Greek "πεποίθησις" (pepoithēsis), meaning trust or reliance. This confidence is a result of the believer's faith in Christ and the assurance of His promises. It speaks to the security and certainty that believers have in their relationship with God, knowing that they are accepted and loved. This confidence is not self-derived but is a gift of grace, reflecting the believer's trust in God's faithfulness and the sufficiency of Christ's work. In a historical context, this confidence would have been a source of great encouragement to the early Christians facing persecution, reminding them of their secure standing before God despite external circumstances.

So I ask you
The phrase "So I ask you" indicates a personal and pastoral appeal from Paul to the Ephesians. The Greek word used here, "αἰτοῦμαι" (aitoumai), conveys a sense of earnest request or entreaty. Paul, as a spiritual leader, is not commanding but gently urging the believers. This reflects the relational and compassionate nature of his ministry, emphasizing the importance of mutual respect and love within the body of Christ.

not to be discouraged
The term "discouraged" comes from the Greek "ἐκκακεῖν" (ekkakein), which means to lose heart or become weary. Paul is aware of the emotional and spiritual toll that his imprisonment and sufferings could have on the Ephesian believers. Historically, the early church faced significant persecution, and leaders like Paul often became symbols of the struggle. By urging them not to be discouraged, Paul is reinforcing the idea that their faith should remain steadfast despite external circumstances.

because of my sufferings
Paul's "sufferings" refer to his imprisonment and the various hardships he endured for the sake of the Gospel. The Greek word "θλίψεις" (thlipsis) denotes pressure, affliction, or tribulation. In the historical context, Paul's sufferings were a direct result of his mission to spread Christianity among the Gentiles. His willingness to endure such hardships underscores the depth of his commitment to Christ and the church, serving as an example of sacrificial love and dedication.

for you
The phrase "for you" highlights the personal nature of Paul's sufferings. His trials were not just for his own spiritual growth but were endured for the benefit of the Ephesian believers and the broader Gentile mission. This reflects the interconnectedness of the Christian community, where the struggles of one can lead to the spiritual advancement of others. It also emphasizes the selflessness inherent in Christian leadership.

which are your glory
The word "glory" in Greek is "δόξα" (doxa), which can mean honor, splendor, or divine quality. Paul is making a profound theological statement: his sufferings, though seemingly negative, are actually a source of glory for the Ephesians. This paradoxical idea is rooted in the Christian belief that suffering for Christ leads to spiritual growth and eternal reward. Historically, the early church viewed martyrdom and persecution as a testament to the truth and power of the Gospel. Paul's sufferings, therefore, become a badge of honor for the Ephesians, symbolizing their participation in the divine plan and the ultimate triumph of God's kingdom.

For this reason
This phrase connects the current passage to the preceding verses, where Paul discusses the mystery of Christ and the inclusion of the Gentiles in God's plan. The Greek word used here, "τούτου χάριν" (toutou charin), indicates a cause or reason. Paul is emphasizing that his prayer and posture are a direct response to the profound truths he has just shared. This connection underscores the importance of understanding the broader context of God's redemptive plan, which is a central theme in Ephesians.

I bow my knees
The act of bowing the knees is a posture of humility and reverence in prayer. In the Jewish tradition, standing was a common posture for prayer, but kneeling signified deep earnestness and submission. The Greek word "καμπτω" (kampto) conveys the act of bending or bowing, indicating Paul's deep reverence and earnestness in his prayer. This physical posture reflects an inner attitude of submission to God's will and recognition of His sovereignty.

before the Father
The term "Father" here is "πατήρ" (patēr) in Greek, which denotes a relationship of intimacy and authority. In the context of Ephesians, God as Father emphasizes His role as the originator and sustainer of all creation, as well as the one who adopts believers into His family. This familial language highlights the personal relationship believers have with God, contrasting with the distant and impersonal deities of the Greco-Roman world. It also reflects the unity of believers as children of the same Father, reinforcing the theme of unity in the body of Christ.

from whom
This phrase refers back to the previous verse, identifying God the Father as the source. In the Greek, "ex hou" indicates origin or source. This highlights the divine authority and sovereignty of God as the ultimate originator of all creation. In a conservative Christian perspective, this underscores the belief in God as the Creator and Sustainer of all things, emphasizing His omnipotence and omnipresence.

every family
The Greek word for "family" here is "patria," which can also mean lineage or tribe. This term suggests a broader understanding of family, encompassing not just immediate relatives but entire lineages and communities. Historically, this reflects the ancient world's view of family as an extended network, which is significant in understanding the communal nature of early Christian communities. It also implies that all human and spiritual families find their origin in God, reinforcing the unity and interconnectedness of all creation under His fatherhood.

in heaven and on earth
This phrase expands the scope of God's fatherhood to include both the celestial and terrestrial realms. "In heaven" refers to the spiritual beings, such as angels, while "on earth" pertains to human families. The duality here emphasizes the comprehensive nature of God's dominion and care. From a conservative Christian viewpoint, this affirms the belief in a spiritual realm that is as real and significant as the physical world, and it highlights the inclusivity of God's family, transcending physical and spiritual boundaries.

derives its name
The Greek word "onomazetai" means to be named or called. In biblical times, names were deeply significant, often reflecting character or destiny. To derive a name from God implies receiving identity, purpose, and authority from Him. This concept is rooted in the belief that God imparts identity and meaning to all creation. In a conservative Christian context, this underscores the idea that true identity and purpose are found in relationship with God, who names and claims His creation as His own.

I pray
The Apostle Paul begins this verse with a personal and heartfelt petition. The Greek word used here is "αἰτέω" (aiteō), which conveys a sense of earnest request or supplication. This reflects Paul's deep pastoral concern and love for the Ephesian believers. His prayer is not just a casual wish but a fervent intercession, demonstrating the importance of prayer in the Christian life as a means of accessing divine grace and power.

out of the riches of His glory
The phrase "riches of His glory" speaks to the abundant and inexhaustible nature of God's resources. The Greek word for "riches" is "πλοῦτος" (ploutos), indicating wealth or abundance. "Glory" in Greek is "δόξα" (doxa), which often refers to the majesty and honor of God. This phrase emphasizes that God's ability to answer prayer is not limited by human constraints but is drawn from His infinite and glorious nature. It reassures believers that God's provision is both generous and sufficient.

He may strengthen you
The verb "strengthen" comes from the Greek "κραταιόω" (krataioō), meaning to make strong or to empower. This indicates a divine empowerment that goes beyond mere human effort. Paul is asking for a supernatural fortification of the believers' spiritual lives, suggesting that true strength comes from God alone. This strength is necessary for enduring trials, resisting temptation, and living a life that honors God.

with power
The Greek word for "power" is "δύναμις" (dynamis), which is the root of the English word "dynamite." It signifies not just any power, but a dynamic, active, and effective force. This power is the same that raised Christ from the dead and is available to believers through the Holy Spirit. It is a reminder that the Christian life is not lived in human strength but through the mighty power of God.

through His Spirit
The Holy Spirit is the agent of this strengthening. The Greek word "πνεῦμα" (pneuma) refers to the Spirit, emphasizing His role in the believer's life. The Spirit is the one who applies the riches of God's glory to our hearts, enabling us to live victoriously. This highlights the Trinitarian nature of God’s work in believers, as the Spirit mediates the power and presence of God the Father and God the Son.

in your inner being
The "inner being" refers to the spiritual aspect of a person, as opposed to the outer, physical body. The Greek term "ἔσω ἄνθρωπος" (esō anthrōpos) suggests the heart, mind, and soul—the core of one's identity. Paul is praying for a transformation that starts from within, affecting every part of a believer's life. This inner renewal is crucial for spiritual growth and maturity, aligning one's desires and actions with God's will.

so that Christ may dwell in your hearts through faith. Then you, being rooted and grounded in love
so that Christ
The phrase "so that Christ" introduces the purpose of the preceding prayer. The Greek word for "Christ" is "Χριστός" (Christos), meaning "Anointed One." This title emphasizes Jesus' divine mission and messianic role. Historically, the early church recognized Jesus as the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies, the Messiah who brings salvation. This phrase underscores the centrality of Christ in the believer's life, highlighting the transformative power of His presence.

may dwell
The Greek word for "dwell" is "κατοικέω" (katoikeō), which means to settle or inhabit permanently. This suggests a deep, abiding presence rather than a temporary visit. In the context of Ephesians, it implies that Christ's presence in the believer's heart is not fleeting but a continual, life-changing reality. This dwelling is not just about proximity but about Christ taking up residence and influencing every aspect of one's life.

in your hearts
"Hearts" in the biblical sense often refers to the center of one's being, encompassing mind, will, and emotions. The Greek word "καρδία" (kardia) is used here, indicating the core of a person. In ancient times, the heart was seen as the seat of thought and moral decision-making. Thus, Christ dwelling in the heart signifies His influence over the believer's entire life, guiding thoughts, actions, and desires.

through faith
The phrase "through faith" highlights the means by which Christ dwells in the believer's heart. The Greek word "πίστις" (pistis) denotes trust, belief, and confidence. Faith is the channel through which the believer receives and experiences the presence of Christ. It is not through works or human effort but through trusting in Christ's finished work on the cross and His ongoing presence in our lives.

Then you, being rooted
The imagery of being "rooted" comes from the Greek word "ῥιζόω" (rhizoō), which means to be firmly planted. This agricultural metaphor suggests stability and nourishment, as roots provide both for a plant. In the Christian life, being rooted in Christ means drawing sustenance and strength from Him, ensuring spiritual growth and resilience against life's challenges.

and grounded
The term "grounded" is translated from the Greek "θεμελιόω" (themelioō), meaning to lay a foundation. This architectural metaphor complements the previous agricultural one, emphasizing stability and permanence. A grounded believer is one whose life is built on the solid foundation of Christ's teachings and love, able to withstand trials and temptations.

in love
"In love" is the environment in which believers are to be rooted and grounded. The Greek word "ἀγάπη" (agapē) refers to selfless, sacrificial love, the highest form of love exemplified by Christ. This love is both the foundation and the soil in which believers grow. Historically, the early church was known for its love, a testament to Christ's transformative power. Love is the defining characteristic of a true Christian life, reflecting the nature of God Himself.

may have power
The phrase "may have power" is derived from the Greek word "ἐξισχύσητε" (exischysēte), which implies being fully able or having the strength to accomplish something. In the context of Ephesians, this power is not merely human strength but a divine enablement granted by the Holy Spirit. This empowerment is essential for believers to grasp the vastness of God's love, suggesting that understanding spiritual truths requires divine assistance. Historically, the early church faced numerous challenges, and this empowerment was crucial for maintaining faith and unity.

together with all the saints
The phrase "together with all the saints" emphasizes the communal aspect of the Christian faith. The Greek word for saints, "ἅγιοι" (hagioi), refers to those set apart for God, highlighting the holiness and distinctiveness of believers. This communal understanding is rooted in the early church's practice, where believers gathered in homes and shared their lives deeply. The phrase underscores that the comprehension of God's love is not an individual endeavor but a collective experience, reflecting the unity and fellowship that characterized the early Christian communities.

to comprehend
"To comprehend" comes from the Greek "καταλαβέσθαι" (katalabesthai), meaning to grasp or seize. This term suggests an active pursuit of understanding, not a passive reception. In the scriptural context, it implies a deep, experiential knowledge of God's love, beyond intellectual assent. The historical context of Ephesians, written to a diverse and often divided church, underscores the need for a profound, unifying understanding of God's love that transcends cultural and social barriers.

the length and width and height and depth
This phrase poetically describes the immeasurable dimensions of God's love. Each dimension—length, width, height, and depth—symbolizes the boundless and all-encompassing nature of divine love. Theologically, this reflects the infinite nature of God, whose love extends beyond human comprehension. Historically, the use of such spatial metaphors would resonate with the Ephesians, who lived in a city known for its grand architecture, including the Temple of Artemis. This imagery would help them visualize the vastness of God's love in a tangible way, encouraging them to explore its depths in their spiritual journey.

and to know
The Greek word for "know" here is "γινώσκω" (ginōskō), which implies a deep, intimate understanding, not just intellectual awareness. In the biblical context, this knowledge is experiential, suggesting a personal relationship with Christ. This aligns with the conservative Christian view that faith is not merely about knowing facts but involves a transformative relationship with Jesus.

the love of Christ
The phrase "the love of Christ" refers to the selfless, sacrificial love that Jesus demonstrated, especially through His death and resurrection. The Greek word for love here is "ἀγάπη" (agapē), which is unconditional and divine. Historically, this love was revolutionary in the Greco-Roman world, which often viewed love in more transactional terms. For believers, this love is the foundation of their faith and life, calling them to love others in the same way.

that surpasses knowledge
The Greek word for "surpasses" is "ὑπερβάλλω" (hyperballō), meaning to exceed or go beyond. This suggests that Christ's love is beyond human comprehension and cannot be fully grasped by the mind alone. It emphasizes the mystery and majesty of divine love, which is a central theme in Christian theology. This surpassing nature of Christ's love invites believers to trust in God's wisdom and grace, even when they do not fully understand His ways.

that you may be filled
The phrase "that you may be filled" uses the Greek word "πληρόω" (plēroō), which means to make full or complete. In a spiritual sense, it implies being filled with God's presence and attributes. This filling is not a one-time event but a continual process of spiritual growth and maturity, aligning with the conservative Christian emphasis on sanctification and the work of the Holy Spirit in a believer's life.

with all the fullness of God
The term "fullness" comes from the Greek "πλήρωμα" (plērōma), indicating completeness or totality. In the context of Ephesians, it suggests that believers are to be filled with God's character, power, and presence. This reflects the conservative Christian belief in the transformative power of the Holy Spirit, enabling believers to reflect God's nature in their lives. Historically, this concept would have been radical, as it implies that ordinary people can partake in the divine nature, a privilege once thought reserved for the divine or semi-divine in ancient cultures.

Now to Him who is able
This phrase emphasizes the omnipotence of God. The Greek word for "able" is "dynamai," which conveys the idea of inherent power and capability. In the context of Ephesians, Paul is reminding the believers in Ephesus of God's limitless power. Historically, Ephesus was a city known for its idolatry and magic, and this declaration serves to contrast the true power of God with the false powers worshipped in the city. It is a call to trust in God's supreme ability to act beyond human limitations.

to do immeasurably more
The Greek term "hyper" is used here, meaning "beyond" or "exceedingly." This phrase speaks to the boundless nature of God's actions. The word "immeasurably" suggests that God's works are beyond human calculation or comprehension. In a historical context, this would have been a profound encouragement to the early church, which faced persecution and challenges. It reassures believers that God's plans and actions are far greater than any earthly circumstances.

than all we ask or imagine
This part of the verse highlights the limitations of human understanding and the vastness of God's wisdom. The Greek word "noeo" for "imagine" implies mental perception or understanding. Paul is teaching that even our greatest requests and dreams are small compared to what God can accomplish. This is a call to faith, urging believers to trust in God's greater vision and purpose, which surpasses our finite minds.

according to His power
The word "power" here is "dynamis" in Greek, indicating miraculous power or might. This power is not abstract but is actively working in the lives of believers. Historically, this would have been a powerful reminder to the Ephesians, who were familiar with displays of power in their culture, that true power comes from God. It is a reassurance that God's power is not distant but is intimately involved in the believer's life.

that is at work within us
The phrase "at work" comes from the Greek "energeo," meaning to be active or effective. This indicates that God's power is not dormant but is actively transforming and empowering believers. In the scriptural context, this is a reminder of the indwelling of the Holy Spirit, who works within us to accomplish God's purposes. It is an encouragement to the church that they are not alone; God's dynamic power is continually at work in their lives, enabling them to live out their faith boldly.

to Him be the glory
This phrase emphasizes the ultimate purpose of all creation and redemption: the glorification of God. The Greek word for "glory" is "doxa," which conveys the idea of honor, splendor, and divine radiance. In a conservative Christian perspective, this underscores the belief that all things exist to reflect God's majesty and holiness. The glory belongs to God alone, and this is a central theme throughout Scripture, reminding believers that their lives should be a testament to His greatness.

in the church
The church, or "ekklesia" in Greek, refers to the assembly of believers who are called out from the world to serve God. Historically, the church has been seen as the body of Christ on earth, tasked with spreading the Gospel and living out the teachings of Jesus. This phrase highlights the role of the church as a vessel through which God's glory is manifested. It is within the community of believers that God's presence is made known, and His purposes are fulfilled.

and in Christ Jesus
Christ Jesus is central to the Christian faith, and this phrase underscores His role as the mediator of God's glory. The Greek "Christos" means "anointed one," signifying Jesus as the Messiah. Through His life, death, and resurrection, Jesus revealed the fullness of God's glory. In a conservative Christian view, Jesus is the ultimate revelation of God, and it is through Him that believers are able to experience and reflect God's glory.

throughout all generations
This phrase speaks to the eternal nature of God's glory and His work through the church and Christ. The Greek word "genea" refers to a generation or age, indicating that God's glory is not limited to a specific time or people but extends across all ages. This continuity assures believers that God's purposes are unchanging and that His glory will be revealed through every generation of the faithful.

forever and ever
The repetition of "forever" (Greek "eis tous aionas ton aionon") emphasizes the eternal and unending nature of God's glory. In a conservative Christian perspective, this affirms the belief in the eternal reign of God and the everlasting impact of His work through Christ and the church. It is a reminder of the hope and assurance that believers have in the eternal promises of God.

Amen
"Amen" is a Hebrew word meaning "truly" or "so be it," used to express agreement and affirmation. In the context of this verse, it serves as a doxological conclusion, affirming the truth and certainty of God's eternal glory. It is a declaration of faith and trust in God's sovereign plan, encouraging believers to live in a way that honors and glorifies Him.