Romans 5:14
New International Version
Nevertheless, death reigned from the time of Adam to the time of Moses, even over those who did not sin by breaking a command, as did Adam, who is a pattern of the one to come.

New Living Translation
Still, everyone died—from the time of Adam to the time of Moses—even those who did not disobey an explicit commandment of God, as Adam did. Now Adam is a symbol, a representation of Christ, who was yet to come.

English Standard Version
Yet death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over those whose sinning was not like the transgression of Adam, who was a type of the one who was to come.

Berean Standard Bible
Nevertheless, death reigned from Adam until Moses, even over those who did not sin in the way that Adam transgressed. He is a pattern of the One to come.

Berean Literal Bible
Nevertheless death reigned from Adam until Moses, even over those not having sinned in the likeness of the transgression of Adam, who is a type of the coming One.

King James Bible
Nevertheless death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over them that had not sinned after the similitude of Adam's transgression, who is the figure of him that was to come.

New King James Version
Nevertheless death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over those who had not sinned according to the likeness of the transgression of Adam, who is a type of Him who was to come.

New American Standard Bible
Nevertheless death reigned from Adam until Moses, even over those who had not sinned in the likeness of the violation committed by Adam, who is a type of Him who was to come.

NASB 1995
Nevertheless death reigned from Adam until Moses, even over those who had not sinned in the likeness of the offense of Adam, who is a type of Him who was to come.

NASB 1977
Nevertheless death reigned from Adam until Moses, even over those who had not sinned in the likeness of the offense of Adam, who is a type of Him who was to come.

Legacy Standard Bible
Nevertheless death reigned from Adam until Moses, even over those who had not sinned in the likeness of the trespass of Adam, who is a type of Him who was to come.

Amplified Bible
Yet death ruled [over mankind] from Adam to Moses [the Lawgiver], even over those who had not sinned as Adam did. Adam is a type of Him (Christ) who was to come [but in reverse—Adam brought destruction, Christ brought salvation].

Christian Standard Bible
Nevertheless, death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over those who did not sin in the likeness of Adam’s transgression. He is a type of the Coming One.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
Nevertheless, death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over those who did not sin in the likeness of Adam’s transgression. He is a prototype of the Coming One.

American Standard Version
Nevertheless death reigned from Adam until Moses, even over them that had not sinned after the likeness of Adam's transgression, who is a figure of him that was to come.

Contemporary English Version
Yet death still had power over all who lived from the time of Adam to the time of Moses. This happened, though not everyone disobeyed a direct command from God, as Adam did. In some ways Adam is like Christ who came later.

English Revised Version
Nevertheless death reigned from Adam until Moses, even over them that had not sinned after the likeness of Adam's transgression, who is a figure of him that was to come.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
Yet, death ruled from the time of Adam to the time of Moses, even over those who did not sin in the same way Adam did when he disobeyed. Adam is an image of the one who would come.

Good News Translation
But from the time of Adam to the time of Moses, death ruled over all human beings, even over those who did not sin in the same way that Adam did when he disobeyed God's command. Adam was a figure of the one who was to come.

International Standard Version
Nevertheless, death ruled from the time of Adam to Moses, even over those who did not sin in the same way Adam did when he disobeyed. He is a foreshadowing of the one who would come.

Majority Standard Bible
Nevertheless, death reigned from Adam until Moses, even over those who did not sin in the way that Adam transgressed. He is a pattern of the One to come.

NET Bible
Yet death reigned from Adam until Moses even over those who did not sin in the same way that Adam (who is a type of the coming one) transgressed.

New Heart English Bible
Nevertheless death reigned from Adam until Moses, even over those whose sins weren't like Adam's disobedience, who is a foreshadowing of him who was to come.

Webster's Bible Translation
Nevertheless, death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over them that had not sinned after the similitude of Adam's transgression, who is the figure of him that was to come.

Weymouth New Testament
Yet Death reigned as king from Adam to Moses even over those who had not sinned, as Adam did, against Law. And in Adam we have a type of Him whose coming was still future.

World English Bible
Nevertheless death reigned from Adam until Moses, even over those whose sins weren’t like Adam’s disobedience, who is a foreshadowing of him who was to come.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
but death reigned from Adam until Moses, even on those having not sinned in the likeness of Adam’s transgression, who is a type of Him who is coming.

Berean Literal Bible
Nevertheless death reigned from Adam until Moses, even over those not having sinned in the likeness of the transgression of Adam, who is a type of the coming One.

Young's Literal Translation
but the death did reign from Adam till Moses, even upon those not having sinned in the likeness of Adam's transgression, who is a type of him who is coming.

Smith's Literal Translation
But death reigned from Adam to Moses, and upon them not having sinned upon the likeness of Adam's transgression, who is the type of him about to be.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
But death reigned from Adam unto Moses, even over them also who have not sinned after the similitude of the transgression of Adam, who is a figure of him who was to come.

Catholic Public Domain Version
Yet death reigned from Adam until Moses, even in those who have not sinned, in the likeness of the transgression of Adam, who is a figure of him who was to come.

New American Bible
But death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over those who did not sin after the pattern of the trespass of Adam, who is the type of the one who was to come.

New Revised Standard Version
Yet death exercised dominion from Adam to Moses, even over those whose sins were not like the transgression of Adam, who is a type of the one who was to come.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
Nevertheless, death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over them who had not sinned in the manner of the transgression of the law by Adam, who is the likeness of him that was to come.

Aramaic Bible in Plain English
But death reigned from Adam and until Moses, even over those who had not sinned in the likeness of Adam's violation of the law, who was the image of him who was to come.
NT Translations
Anderson New Testament
Yet death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over them that did not sin in the likeness of Adam's transgression, who is the type of him that was to come.

Godbey New Testament
but death reigned from Adam unto Moses, even on those who did not sin after the similitude of Adam's transgression, who is the type of him who is to come.

Haweis New Testament
But death reigned from Adam unto Moses, even over those who have not sinned after the similitude of the transgression of Adam, who is a type of him that was to come.

Mace New Testament
nevertheless death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over those who had not sinned by violating a positive law, as did Adam, who is

Weymouth New Testament
Yet Death reigned as king from Adam to Moses even over those who had not sinned, as Adam did, against Law. And in Adam we have a type of Him whose coming was still future.

Worrell New Testament
but yet death reigned from Adam until Moses even over those who sinned not after the likeness of Adam's transgression, who is a type of Him Who was to come.

Worsley New Testament
and yet death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over those who had not sinned after the likeness of Adam's transgression, who is the type of Him that was to come.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Death in Adam, Life in Christ
13For sin was in the world before the law was given; but sin is not taken into account when there is no law. 14Nevertheless, death reigned from Adam until Moses, even over those who did not sin in the way that Adam transgressed. He is a pattern of the One to come. 15But the gift is not like the trespass. For if the many died by the trespass of the one man, how much more did God’s grace and the gift that came by the grace of the one man, Jesus Christ, abound to the many!…

Cross References
1 Corinthians 15:21-22
For since death came through a man, the resurrection of the dead comes also through a man. / For as in Adam all die, so in Christ all will be made alive.

1 Corinthians 15:45-49
So it is written: “The first man Adam became a living being”; the last Adam a life-giving spirit. / The spiritual, however, was not first, but the natural, and then the spiritual. / The first man was of the dust of the earth, the second man from heaven. ...

Genesis 3:6
When the woman saw that the tree was good for food and pleasing to the eyes, and that it was desirable for obtaining wisdom, she took the fruit and ate it. She also gave some to her husband who was with her, and he ate it.

Genesis 2:17
but you must not eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil; for in the day that you eat of it, you will surely die.”

1 Corinthians 15:56
The sting of death is sin, and the power of sin is the law.

1 Timothy 2:14
And it was not Adam who was deceived, but the woman who was deceived and fell into transgression.

Hosea 6:7
But they, like Adam, have transgressed the covenant; there they were unfaithful to Me.

Genesis 5:5
So Adam lived a total of 930 years, and then he died.

Genesis 3:17-19
And to Adam He said: “Because you have listened to the voice of your wife and have eaten from the tree of which I commanded you not to eat, cursed is the ground because of you; through toil you will eat of it all the days of your life. / Both thorns and thistles it will yield for you, and you will eat the plants of the field. / By the sweat of your brow you will eat your bread, until you return to the ground—because out of it were you taken. For dust you are, and to dust you shall return.”

1 Corinthians 15:25-26
For He must reign until He has put all His enemies under His feet. / The last enemy to be destroyed is death.

1 Corinthians 15:45
So it is written: “The first man Adam became a living being”; the last Adam a life-giving spirit.

1 Corinthians 15:47
The first man was of the dust of the earth, the second man from heaven.

1 Corinthians 15:22
For as in Adam all die, so in Christ all will be made alive.

1 Corinthians 15:21
For since death came through a man, the resurrection of the dead comes also through a man.

1 Corinthians 15:49
And just as we have borne the likeness of the earthly man, so also shall we bear the likeness of the heavenly man.


Treasury of Scripture

Nevertheless death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over them that had not sinned after the similitude of Adam's transgression, who is the figure of him that was to come.

death.

Romans 5:17,21
For if by one man's offence death reigned by one; much more they which receive abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness shall reign in life by one, Jesus Christ.) …

Genesis 4:8
And Cain talked with Abel his brother: and it came to pass, when they were in the field, that Cain rose up against Abel his brother, and slew him.

Genesis 5:5-31
And all the days that Adam lived were nine hundred and thirty years: and he died…

even.

Romans 8:20,22
For the creature was made subject to vanity, not willingly, but by reason of him who hath subjected the same in hope, …

Exodus 1:22
And Pharaoh charged all his people, saying, Every son that is born ye shall cast into the river, and every daughter ye shall save alive.

Exodus 12:29,30
And it came to pass, that at midnight the LORD smote all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh that sat on his throne unto the firstborn of the captive that was in the dungeon; and all the firstborn of cattle…

who is the figure.

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Adam Adam's Breaking Command Death Disobedience Figure Law Moses Nevertheless Picture Reign Reigned Similitude Sin Sinned Sins Time Transgression Type Weren't Wrong
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Adam Adam's Breaking Command Death Disobedience Figure Law Moses Nevertheless Picture Reign Reigned Similitude Sin Sinned Sins Time Transgression Type Weren't Wrong
Romans 5
1. Being justified by faith, we have peace with God;
2. and joy in our hope;
8. that since we were reconciled by his blood, when we were enemies;
10. we shall much more be saved, being reconciled.
12. As sin and death came by Adam;
17. so much more righteousness and life by Jesus Christ.
20. Where sin abounded, grace did superabound.














Nevertheless
This word serves as a transition, indicating a contrast or exception to what has been previously stated. In the context of Romans 5, Paul has been discussing the entrance of sin and death into the world through Adam. The Greek word used here is "ἀλλά" (alla), which often introduces a significant point or shift in argument. It emphasizes the continuation of death's dominion despite the absence of explicit law before Moses, underscoring the pervasive impact of sin.

death reigned
The phrase "death reigned" uses the Greek word "ἐβασίλευσεν" (ebasileusen), which means to rule as a king. This imagery of death as a reigning monarch highlights its absolute power and dominion over humanity from Adam onward. It suggests that death was not merely a consequence but an active, ruling force in the world, affecting all of creation. This reign of death is a direct result of sin, illustrating the gravity of Adam's transgression and its universal impact.

from the time of Adam to the time of Moses
This phrase sets a historical framework, indicating the period between two pivotal figures in biblical history. Adam, as the first man, represents the introduction of sin and death into the world. Moses, on the other hand, is associated with the giving of the Law. The period between them is significant because it underscores that death's reign was not dependent on the Law, which was given through Moses. This highlights the universality of sin and death, affecting all humanity regardless of the presence of the Law.

even over those who did not sin by breaking a command
Here, Paul addresses the fact that death affected even those who did not commit sins in the same manner as Adam, who directly violated a specific command from God. The Greek word for "command" is "παραβάσεως" (parabaseos), meaning a transgression or violation. This indicates that the reign of death was not limited to those who sinned in the same way as Adam, but extended to all, showing the inherited nature of sin and its consequences.

as did Adam
Adam is presented as a unique figure whose sin had far-reaching consequences. The comparison here emphasizes that Adam's transgression was distinct because it was a direct violation of God's command. This sets the stage for understanding Adam as a representative head of humanity, whose actions brought sin and death into the world, affecting all his descendants.

who is a pattern of the one to come
The word "pattern" is translated from the Greek "τύπος" (typos), meaning a type or model. Adam is described as a type of Christ, the "one to come." This typology is significant in understanding the parallel between Adam and Christ. Just as Adam's actions had universal implications for humanity, so too does Christ's redemptive work. Adam's disobedience brought death, while Christ's obedience brings life. This sets the stage for the contrast between the old creation in Adam and the new creation in Christ, offering hope and redemption through Jesus.

(14) After the similitude of Adam's transgression--i.e., "in direct defiance of divine command." They had not incurred just punishment as Adam had, and yet they died. Why? Because of Adam's sin, the effects of which extended to them all, just in the same way as the effects of the death of Christ extend to all.

Who is the figure.--Better, type. There is thus hinted at the parallelism which was omitted in Romans 5:12. Adam was the type of Christ, his sin and its effects the type of Christ's death and its effects. No doubt the way in which this point is introduced is, in a mere rhetorical sense, faulty. St. Paul was, however, much above caring for rhetoric. And beside, it must be remembered that he wrote by dictation, and, probably, never revised what the amanuensis had written. This fact has very rightly been insisted on by Dr. Vaughan (Preface to Third Edition, p. 22), "We must picture to ourselves in reading this profound Epistle to the Romans a man full of thought, his hands, perhaps, occupied at the moment in stitching at the tent-cloth, dictating one clause at a time to the obscure Tertius beside him, stopping only to give time for the writing, never looking it over, never, perhaps, hearing it read over, at last taking the style into his hand to add the last few words of affectionate benediction."



Parallel Commentaries ...


Greek
Nevertheless,
ἀλλὰ (alla)
Conjunction
Strong's 235: But, except, however. Neuter plural of allos; properly, other things, i.e. contrariwise.

death
θάνατος (thanatos)
Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular
Strong's 2288: Death, physical or spiritual. From thnesko; death.

reigned
ἐβασίλευσεν (ebasileusen)
Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular
Strong's 936: (a) I rule, reign, (b) I reign over. From basileus; to rule.

from
ἀπὸ (apo)
Preposition
Strong's 575: From, away from. A primary particle; 'off, ' i.e. Away, in various senses.

Adam
Ἀδὰμ (Adam)
Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Strong's 76: Adam, the first man, the first parent of the human race. Of Hebrew origin; Adam, the first man; typically man.

until
μέχρι (mechri)
Preposition
Strong's 3360: As far as, until, even to.

Moses,
Μωϋσέως (Mōuseōs)
Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Strong's 3475: Or Moses, or Mouses of Hebrew origin; Moseus, Moses, or Mouses, the Hebrew lawgiver.

even
καὶ (kai)
Conjunction
Strong's 2532: And, even, also, namely.

over
ἐπὶ (epi)
Preposition
Strong's 1909: On, to, against, on the basis of, at.

those who
τοὺς (tous)
Article - Accusative Masculine Plural
Strong's 3588: The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.

did not sin
ἁμαρτήσαντας (hamartēsantas)
Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Accusative Masculine Plural
Strong's 264: Perhaps from a and the base of meros; properly, to miss the mark, i.e. to err, especially to sin.

in
ἐπὶ (epi)
Preposition
Strong's 1909: On, to, against, on the basis of, at.

the
τῷ (tō)
Article - Dative Neuter Singular
Strong's 3588: The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.

way that
ὁμοιώματι (homoiōmati)
Noun - Dative Neuter Singular
Strong's 3667: From homoioo; a form; abstractly, resemblance.

Adam
Ἀδάμ (Adam)
Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Strong's 76: Adam, the first man, the first parent of the human race. Of Hebrew origin; Adam, the first man; typically man.

transgressed.
παραβάσεως (parabaseōs)
Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular
Strong's 3847: A transgression, overstepping, deviation. From parabaino; violation.

He
ὅς (hos)
Personal / Relative Pronoun - Nominative Masculine Singular
Strong's 3739: Who, which, what, that.

is
ἐστιν (estin)
Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular
Strong's 1510: I am, exist. The first person singular present indicative; a prolonged form of a primary and defective verb; I exist.

a pattern
τύπος (typos)
Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular
Strong's 5179: From tupto; a die, i.e. a stamp or scar; by analogy, a shape, i.e. A statue, style or resemblance; specially, a sampler, i.e. A model or instance.

of the
τοῦ (tou)
Article - Genitive Masculine Singular
Strong's 3588: The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.

[One] to come.
μέλλοντος (mellontos)
Verb - Present Participle Active - Genitive Masculine Singular
Strong's 3195: A strengthened form of melo; to intend, i.e. Be about to be, do, or suffer something.


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NT Letters: Romans 5:14 Nevertheless death reigned from Adam until Moses (Rom. Ro)
Romans 5:13
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