1 Samuel 13:12
New International Version
I thought, ‘Now the Philistines will come down against me at Gilgal, and I have not sought the LORD’s favor.’ So I felt compelled to offer the burnt offering.”

New Living Translation
So I said, ‘The Philistines are ready to march against us at Gilgal, and I haven’t even asked for the LORD’s help!’ So I felt compelled to offer the burnt offering myself before you came.”

English Standard Version
I said, ‘Now the Philistines will come down against me at Gilgal, and I have not sought the favor of the LORD.’ So I forced myself, and offered the burnt offering.”

Berean Standard Bible
I thought, ‘Now the Philistines will descend upon me at Gilgal, and I have not sought the favor of the LORD.’ So I felt compelled to offer the burnt offering.”

King James Bible
Therefore said I, The Philistines will come down now upon me to Gilgal, and I have not made supplication unto the LORD: I forced myself therefore, and offered a burnt offering.

New King James Version
then I said, ‘The Philistines will now come down on me at Gilgal, and I have not made supplication to the LORD.’ Therefore I felt compelled, and offered a burnt offering.”

New American Standard Bible
I thought, ‘Now the Philistines will come down against me at Gilgal, and I have not asked the favor of the LORD.’ So I worked up the courage and offered the burnt offering.”

NASB 1995
therefore I said, ‘Now the Philistines will come down against me at Gilgal, and I have not asked the favor of the LORD.’ So I forced myself and offered the burnt offering.”

NASB 1977
therefore I said, ‘Now the Philistines will come down against me at Gilgal, and I have not asked the favor of the LORD.’ So I forced myself and offered the burnt offering.”

Legacy Standard Bible
therefore I said, ‘Now the Philistines will come down against me at Gilgal, and I have not entreated the favor of Yahweh.’ So I forced myself and offered the burnt offering.”

Amplified Bible
therefore, I said, ‘Now the Philistines will come down against me at Gilgal, and I have not asked for the LORD’S favor [by making supplication to Him].’ So I forced myself to offer the burnt offering.”

Christian Standard Bible
I thought, ‘The Philistines will now descend on me at Gilgal, and I haven’t sought the LORD’s favor.’ So I forced myself to offer the burnt offering.”

Holman Christian Standard Bible
I thought: The Philistines will now descend on me at Gilgal, and I haven’t sought the LORD’s favor. So I forced myself to offer the burnt offering.”

American Standard Version
therefore said I, Now will the Philistines come down upon me to Gilgal, and I have not entreated the favor of Jehovah: I forced myself therefore, and offered the burnt-offering.

Contemporary English Version
and I was worried that they would attack me here at Gilgal. I hadn't offered a sacrifice to ask for the LORD's help, so I forced myself to offer a sacrifice on the altar fire."

English Revised Version
therefore said I, Now will the Philistines come down upon me to Gilgal, and I have not entreated the favour of the LORD: I forced myself therefore, and offered the burnt offering.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
So I thought, 'Now, the Philistines will come against me at Gilgal, but I haven't sought the LORD's favor.' I felt pressured into sacrificing the burnt offering."

Good News Translation
So I thought, 'The Philistines are going to attack me here in Gilgal, and I have not tried to win the LORD's favor.' So I felt I had to offer a sacrifice."

International Standard Version
I thought, 'The Philistines will come down against me at Gilgal but I've not sought the favor of the LORD,' so I forced myself to offer the burnt offering."

Majority Standard Bible
I thought, ?Now the Philistines will descend upon me at Gilgal, and I have not sought the favor of the LORD.? So I felt compelled to offer the burnt offering.?

NET Bible
I thought, 'Now the Philistines will come down on me at Gilgal and I have not sought the LORD's favor.' So I felt obligated to offer the burnt offering."

New Heart English Bible
therefore I said, 'Now the Philistines will come down on me to Gilgal, and I haven't entreated the favor of the LORD.' I forced myself therefore, and offered the burnt offering."

Webster's Bible Translation
Therefore said I, the Philistines will now come down upon me to Gilgal, and I have not made supplication to the LORD; I forced myself therefore, and offered a burnt-offering.

World English Bible
therefore I said, ‘Now the Philistines will come down on me to Gilgal, and I haven’t entreated the favor of Yahweh.’ I forced myself therefore, and offered the burnt offering.”
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
and I say, Now the Philistines come down to me to Gilgal, and I have not appeased the face of YHWH; and I force myself, and cause the burnt-offering to ascend.”

Young's Literal Translation
and I say, Now do the Philistines come down unto me to Gilgal, and the face of Jehovah I have not appeased; and I force myself, and cause the burnt-offering to ascend.'

Smith's Literal Translation
And saying, Now the rovers will come down to me to Gilgal, and I entreated not the face of Jehovah: and I will contain myself, and will bring up a burnt-offering.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
I said: Now will the Philistines come down upon me to Galgal, and I have not appeased the face of the Lord. Forced by necessity, I offered the holocaust.

Catholic Public Domain Version
I said: ‘Now the Philistines will descend to me at Gilgal. And I have not appeased the face of the Lord.’ Compelled by necessity, I offered the holocaust.

New American Bible
I said to myself, ‘Now the Philistines will come down against me at Gilgal, and I have not yet sought the LORD’s blessing.’ So I thought I should sacrifice the burnt offering.”

New Revised Standard Version
I said, ‘Now the Philistines will come down upon me at Gilgal, and I have not entreated the favor of the LORD’; so I forced myself, and offered the burnt offering.”
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
Therefore I said, The Philistines might come down against me at Gilgal, and I have not inquired of the LORD, so I ventured to offer a burnt offering.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And I said: “‘Perhaps the Philistines will come down against me at Galgala, and the presence of LORD JEHOVAH I have not seen’, and I was hasty and I offered up burnt offerings”
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
therefore said I: Now will the Philistines come down upon me to Gilgal, and I have not entreated the favour of the LORD; I forced myself therefore, and offered the burnt-offering.'

Brenton Septuagint Translation
Then I said, Now will the Philistines come down to me to Galgala, and I have not sought the face of the Lord: so I forced myself and offered the whole-burnt-offering.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Saul's Unlawful Sacrifice
11“What have you done?” Samuel asked. And Saul replied, “When I saw that the troops were deserting me, and that you did not come at the appointed time and the Philistines were gathering at Michmash, 12I thought, ‘Now the Philistines will descend upon me at Gilgal, and I have not sought the favor of the LORD.’ So I felt compelled to offer the burnt offering.” 13“You have acted foolishly,” Samuel declared. “You have not kept the command that the LORD your God gave you; if you had, the LORD would have established your kingdom over Israel for all time.…

Cross References
1 Samuel 15:22-23
But Samuel declared: “Does the LORD delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices as much as in obedience to His voice? Behold, obedience is better than sacrifice, and attentiveness is better than the fat of rams. / For rebellion is like the sin of divination, and arrogance is like the wickedness of idolatry. Because you have rejected the word of the LORD, He has rejected you as king.”

1 Samuel 10:8
And you shall go before me to Gilgal, and surely I will come to you to offer burnt offerings and to sacrifice peace offerings. Wait seven days until I come to you and show you what you are to do.”

1 Samuel 28:5-7
When Saul saw the Philistine army, he was afraid and trembled violently. / He inquired of the LORD, but the LORD did not answer him by dreams or Urim or prophets. / Then Saul said to his servants, “Find me a woman who is a medium, so I can go and consult her.” “There is a medium at Endor,” his servants replied.

2 Chronicles 16:7-9
At that time Hanani the seer came to King Asa of Judah and told him, “Because you have relied on the king of Aram and not on the LORD your God, the army of the king of Aram has escaped from your hand. / Were not the Cushites and Libyans a vast army with many chariots and horsemen? Yet because you relied on the LORD, He delivered them into your hand. / For the eyes of the LORD roam to and fro over all the earth, to show Himself strong on behalf of those whose hearts are fully devoted to Him. You have acted foolishly in this matter. From now on, therefore, you will be at war.”

2 Chronicles 26:16-21
But when Uzziah became powerful, his arrogance led to his own destruction. He was unfaithful to the LORD his God, for he entered the temple of the LORD to burn incense on the altar of incense. / Then Azariah the priest, along with eighty brave priests of the LORD, went in after him. / They took their stand against King Uzziah and said, “Uzziah, you have no right to offer incense to the LORD. Only the priests, the descendants of Aaron, are consecrated to burn incense. Leave the sanctuary, for you have acted unfaithfully; you will not receive honor from the LORD God.” ...

Isaiah 30:1-2
“Woe to the rebellious children,” declares the LORD, “to those who carry out a plan that is not Mine, who form an alliance, but against My will, heaping up sin upon sin. / They set out to go down to Egypt without asking My advice, to seek shelter under Pharaoh’s protection and take refuge in Egypt’s shade.

Jeremiah 17:5
This is what the LORD says: “Cursed is the man who trusts in mankind, who makes mere flesh his strength and turns his heart from the LORD.

Hosea 6:6
For I desire mercy, not sacrifice, and the knowledge of God rather than burnt offerings.

Proverbs 3:5-6
Trust in the LORD with all your heart, and lean not on your own understanding; / in all your ways acknowledge Him, and He will make your paths straight.

Psalm 37:5
Commit your way to the LORD; trust in Him, and He will do it.

Matthew 6:33
But seek first the kingdom of God and His righteousness, and all these things will be added unto you.

Matthew 26:41
“Watch and pray so that you will not enter into temptation. For the spirit is willing, but the body is weak.”

Luke 12:29-31
And do not be concerned about what you will eat or drink. Do not worry about it. / For the Gentiles of the world strive after all these things, and your Father knows that you need them. / But seek His kingdom, and these things will be added unto you.

John 14:1
“Do not let your hearts be troubled. You believe in God; believe in Me as well.

Romans 8:28
And we know that God works all things together for the good of those who love Him, who are called according to His purpose.


Treasury of Scripture

Therefore said I, The Philistines will come down now on me to Gilgal, and I have not made supplication to the LORD: I forced myself therefore, and offered a burnt offering.

said I

1 Kings 12:26,27
And Jeroboam said in his heart, Now shall the kingdom return to the house of David: …

1 Samuel 21:7
Now a certain man of the servants of Saul was there that day, detained before the LORD; and his name was Doeg, an Edomite, the chiefest of the herdmen that belonged to Saul.

Psalm 66:3
Say unto God, How terrible art thou in thy works! through the greatness of thy power shall thine enemies submit themselves unto thee.

Amos 8:5
Saying, When will the new moon be gone, that we may sell corn? and the sabbath, that we may set forth wheat, making the ephah small, and the shekel great, and falsifying the balances by deceit?

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Appeased Ascend Burnt Burnt-Offering Cause Compelled Entreated Lord's Now Offered Offering Philistines Prayer Sought Supplication Thought
1 Samuel 13
1. Saul's select band
3. He calls the Hebrews to Gilgal against the Philistines
5. The Philistines' great army
6. The distress of the Israelites
8. Saul, weary of staying for Samuel, sacrifices
11. Samuel reproves him
17. The three raiding parties of the Philistines
19. The policy of the Philistines, to allow no blacksmith in Israel














So I thought
This phrase reveals Saul's internal reasoning and decision-making process. The Hebrew root for "thought" is "amar," which often means to say or speak, but in this context, it reflects an internal dialogue. Saul's thoughts are driven by fear and anxiety, highlighting a lack of faith and trust in God's timing and provision. This moment of introspection shows the human tendency to rely on one's understanding rather than waiting on divine guidance.

Now the Philistines will descend upon me
The Philistines were a constant threat to Israel during Saul's reign, representing the external pressures and fears that can lead to hasty decisions. The Hebrew word for "descend" is "yarad," which can mean to come down or attack. This phrase underscores the urgency and imminent danger Saul felt, which clouded his judgment. Historically, the Philistines were a formidable enemy, and their military prowess was well-known, adding to Saul's fear.

at Gilgal
Gilgal holds significant historical and spiritual importance in Israel's history. It was the first campsite of the Israelites after crossing the Jordan River and a place of covenant renewal (Joshua 4:19-24). Saul's actions at Gilgal contrast with the earlier acts of faith and obedience associated with this location. The setting serves as a reminder of the spiritual heritage and the importance of obedience to God's commands.

and I have not sought the favor of the LORD
Seeking the Lord's favor, or "paniym" in Hebrew, implies seeking His presence and approval. Saul's acknowledgment of not seeking God's favor highlights his awareness of the spiritual protocol he neglected. This phrase reflects the importance of prioritizing a relationship with God and seeking His guidance before taking action, a principle deeply rooted in the faith tradition.

So I felt compelled
The phrase "felt compelled" indicates an internal pressure or necessity. The Hebrew root "aphach" suggests a sense of being forced or driven to act. Saul's compulsion reveals a lack of patience and trust in God's timing. It serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of acting on impulse rather than waiting for divine instruction.

to offer the burnt offering
The burnt offering, or "olah" in Hebrew, was a significant act of worship and atonement, symbolizing complete surrender to God. Saul's unauthorized offering underscores his failure to adhere to God's established order, as only priests were permitted to perform such sacrifices. This act of disobedience highlights the importance of following God's commands and the consequences of taking spiritual matters into one's own hands.

Verse 12. - I have not made supplication unto Jehovah. Literally, "I have not stroked the face of Jehovah," but used of making him propitious by prayer (Exodus 32:11; Jeremiah 26:19). I forced myself. Saul pleads in his justification the imminence of the danger, and perhaps there are few who have faith enough to "stand still and see the salvation of Jehovah" (Exodus 14:13).

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
I thought,
וָאֹמַ֗ר (wā·’ō·mar)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - first person common singular
Strong's 559: To utter, say

‘Now
עַ֠תָּה (‘at·tāh)
Adverb
Strong's 6258: At this time

the Philistines
פְלִשְׁתִּ֤ים (p̄ə·liš·tîm)
Noun - proper - masculine plural
Strong's 6430: Philistines -- inhabitants of Philistia

will descend
יֵרְד֨וּ (yê·rə·ḏū)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural
Strong's 3381: To come or go down, descend

upon me
אֵלַי֙ (’ê·lay)
Preposition | first person common singular
Strong's 413: Near, with, among, to

at Gilgal,
הַגִּלְגָּ֔ל (hag·gil·gāl)
Article | Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 1537: Gilgal -- 'circle (of stones)', the name of several places in Palestine

and I have not
לֹ֣א (lō)
Adverb - Negative particle
Strong's 3808: Not, no

sought
חִלִּ֑יתִי (ḥil·lî·ṯî)
Verb - Piel - Perfect - first person common singular
Strong's 2470: To be weak or sick

the favor
וּפְנֵ֥י (ū·p̄ə·nê)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - common plural construct
Strong's 6440: The face

of the LORD.’
יְהוָ֖ה (Yah·weh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3068: LORD -- the proper name of the God of Israel

So I felt compelled
וָֽאֶתְאַפַּ֔ק (wā·’eṯ·’ap·paq)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hitpael - Consecutive imperfect - first person common singular
Strong's 662: To contain, abstain

to offer
וָאַעֲלֶ֖ה (wā·’a·‘ă·leh)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - first person common singular
Strong's 5927: To ascend, in, actively

the burnt offering.”
הָעֹלָֽה׃ (hā·‘ō·lāh)
Article | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 5930: Whole burnt offering


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OT History: 1 Samuel 13:12 Therefore said I Now will the Philistines (1Sa iSam 1 Sam i sa)
1 Samuel 13:11
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