Romans 16:16
New International Version
Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ send greetings.

New Living Translation
Greet each other with a sacred kiss. All the churches of Christ send you their greetings.

English Standard Version
Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ greet you.

Berean Standard Bible
Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ send you greetings.

Berean Literal Bible
Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ greet you.

King James Bible
Salute one another with an holy kiss. The churches of Christ salute you.

New King James Version
Greet one another with a holy kiss. The churches of Christ greet you.

New American Standard Bible
Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ greet you.

NASB 1995
Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ greet you.

NASB 1977
Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ greet you.

Legacy Standard Bible
Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ greet you.

Amplified Bible
Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ greet you.

Christian Standard Bible
Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ send you greetings.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ send you greetings.

American Standard Version
Salute one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ salute you.

Contemporary English Version
Be sure to give each other a warm greeting. All of Christ's churches greet you.

English Revised Version
Salute one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ salute you.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
Greet each other with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ greet you.

Good News Translation
Greet one another with the kiss of peace. All the churches of Christ send you their greetings.

International Standard Version
Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of the Messiah greet you.

Majority Standard Bible
Greet one another with a holy kiss. The churches of Christ send you greetings.

NET Bible
Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ greet you.

New Heart English Bible
Greet one another with a holy kiss. The churches of Christ greet you.

Webster's Bible Translation
Salute one another with a holy kiss. The churches of Christ salute you.

Weymouth New Testament
Salute one another with a holy kiss. All the Churches of Christ send greetings to you.

World English Bible
Greet one another with a holy kiss. The assemblies of Christ greet you.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
greet one another in a holy kiss; the assemblies of Christ greet you.

Berean Literal Bible
Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ greet you.

Young's Literal Translation
salute one another in a holy kiss; the assemblies of Christ do salute you.

Smith's Literal Translation
Embrace one another with a holy kiss. The churches of Christ embrace you.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
Salute one another with an holy kiss. All the churches of Christ salute you.

Catholic Public Domain Version
Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ greet you.

New American Bible
Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ greet you.

New Revised Standard Version
Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ greet you.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
Salute one another with a holy kiss. The churches of Christ salute you.

Aramaic Bible in Plain English
Invoke the peace of one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of The Messiah invoke your peace.
NT Translations
Anderson New Testament
Salute one another with a holy kiss. The churches of the Christ salute you.

Godbey New Testament
Salute one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ salute you.

Haweis New Testament
Salute one another with the holy kiss. The churches of Christ salute you.

Mace New Testament
salute one anther with an holy kiss, all the churches of Christ here, salute you.

Weymouth New Testament
Salute one another with a holy kiss. All the Churches of Christ send greetings to you.

Worrell New Testament
Salute one another with a holy kiss. All the assemblies of Christ salute you.

Worsley New Testament
Salute one another with an holy kiss. The churches of Christ salute you.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Personal Greetings and Love
15Greet Philologus and Julia, Nereus and his sister, and Olympas and all the saints with them. 16Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ send you greetings. 17Now I urge you, brothers, to watch out for those who create divisions and obstacles that are contrary to the teaching you have learned. Turn away from them.…

Cross References
1 Corinthians 16:20
All the brothers here send you greetings. Greet one another with a holy kiss.

2 Corinthians 13:12
Greet one another with a holy kiss.

1 Peter 5:14
Greet one another with a kiss of love. Peace to all of you who are in Christ.

1 Thessalonians 5:26
Greet all the brothers with a holy kiss.

Philippians 4:21-22
Greet all the saints in Christ Jesus. The brothers who are with me send you greetings. / All the saints send you greetings, especially those from the household of Caesar.

Colossians 4:10-15
My fellow prisoner Aristarchus sends you greetings, as does Mark the cousin of Barnabas. You have already received instructions about him: If he comes to you, welcome him. / Jesus, who is called Justus, also sends greetings. These are the only Jews among my fellow workers for the kingdom of God, and they have been a comfort to me. / Epaphras, who is one of you and a servant of Christ Jesus, sends you greetings. He is always wrestling in prayer for you, so that you may stand mature and fully assured in the full will of God. ...

Acts 20:28
Keep watch over yourselves and the entire flock of which the Holy Spirit has made you overseers. Be shepherds of the church of God, which He purchased with His own blood.

Ephesians 4:3-6
and with diligence to preserve the unity of the Spirit through the bond of peace. / There is one body and one Spirit, just as you were called to one hope when you were called; / one Lord, one faith, one baptism; ...

John 13:34-35
A new commandment I give you: Love one another. As I have loved you, so you also must love one another. / By this everyone will know that you are My disciples, if you love one another.”

Matthew 5:47
And if you greet only your brothers, what are you doing more than others? Do not even Gentiles do the same?

Galatians 6:10
Therefore, as we have opportunity, let us do good to everyone, and especially to the family of faith.

Hebrews 13:24
Greet all your leaders and all the saints. Those from Italy send you greetings.

1 John 4:7
Beloved, let us love one another, because love comes from God. Everyone who loves has been born of God and knows God.

1 John 3:11
This is the message you have heard from the beginning: We should love one another.

Leviticus 19:18
Do not seek revenge or bear a grudge against any of your people, but love your neighbor as yourself. I am the LORD.


Treasury of Scripture

Salute one another with an holy kiss. The churches of Christ salute you.

with.

Acts 20:37
And they all wept sore, and fell on Paul's neck, and kissed him,

1 Corinthians 16:20
All the brethren greet you. Greet ye one another with an holy kiss.

2 Corinthians 13:12
Greet one another with an holy kiss.

The.

Romans 16:4
Who have for my life laid down their own necks: unto whom not only I give thanks, but also all the churches of the Gentiles.

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Assemblies Christ Churches Greet Greetings Holy Kiss Love Salute
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Assemblies Christ Churches Greet Greetings Holy Kiss Love Salute
Romans 16
1. Paul wills the brothers to greet many;
17. and advises them to take heed of those which cause dissension and offenses;
21. and after various salutations ends with praise and thanks to God.














Greet one another
The phrase "Greet one another" emphasizes the importance of fellowship and community within the body of Christ. The Greek word for "greet" is "ἀσπάσασθε" (aspasasthe), which conveys a sense of welcoming and embracing. In the early church, greetings were not mere formalities but expressions of genuine love and unity. This instruction reflects the communal nature of the early Christian gatherings, where believers were encouraged to build strong, supportive relationships. Historically, greetings were significant in the ancient world, often involving physical gestures like a kiss or embrace, symbolizing peace and reconciliation.

with a holy kiss
The "holy kiss" was a customary greeting among early Christians, known in Greek as "φίλημα ἅγιον" (phílēma hágion). This practice was a sign of mutual love and acceptance, transcending social and cultural barriers. The adjective "holy" signifies that this kiss was set apart from common social customs, imbued with spiritual significance. It was a physical expression of the unity and purity expected within the Christian community. In the historical context, such a greeting would have been countercultural, as it broke down divisions between different social classes and ethnic groups, reflecting the transformative power of the Gospel.

All the churches of Christ
This phrase underscores the universality and interconnectedness of the Christian faith. "All the churches of Christ" refers to the collective body of believers across different regions and cultures. The Greek word for "churches" is "ἐκκλησίαι" (ekklēsiai), meaning assemblies or gatherings of believers. This highlights the early church's understanding of being part of a larger, global family united in Christ. The mention of "Christ" as the head of these churches emphasizes His central role in the life and mission of the church. Historically, this reflects the rapid spread of Christianity and the establishment of diverse communities bound together by their faith in Jesus.

send you greetings
The act of sending greetings, "ἀσπάζονται ὑμᾶς" (aspázontai hymas), illustrates the deep bonds of fellowship and concern among early Christians, even across distances. This phrase indicates that the churches were not isolated but maintained communication and support for one another. It reflects the early church's commitment to unity and encouragement, as believers shared in each other's joys and struggles. The historical context of this practice shows the importance of letters and messengers in maintaining these connections, fostering a sense of belonging and solidarity among the scattered communities of faith.

(16) Salute one another.--As a mark of brotherly feeling among themselves, St. Paul desires those who are assembled at the reading of his Epistle to greet each other in a Christian way. It is to be their own act and not a salutation coming from him.

With an holy kiss.--A common Eastern and Jewish custom specially consecrated in Christianity. (Comp. 1Corinthians 16:20; 2Corinthians 13:12; 1Thessalonians 5:26; 1Peter 5:14.)

The churches of Christ.--The word "all" should be inserted. As being the Apostle of the Gentiles, and knowing as he did the interest which all would take in the church of the great metropolis, St. Paul feels himself fully justified in speaking for all the churches of his foundation.

Verse 16. - Salute one another with an holy hiss. All the Churches of Christ salute you. For allusions to the kiss of peace among Christians, cf. 1 Thessalonians 5:26; 1 Corinthians 16:20; 2 Corinthians 13:12; 1 Peter 5:14. Justin Martyr ('Apol.,' 85) speaks of it as exchanged before the Eucharist, and it is alluded to by many Fathers, directed in the 'Apostolical Constitutions,' and has its place in ancient liturgies (see Bingham, 15. 3:3). St. Paul, of course, in enjoining it here and in other Epistles, has in view the concord which it expressed. In sending salutations from "all the Churches of Christ" (πᾶσαι, omitted in the Textus Receptus, having authority decidedly in its favour), he may be understood as conveying to the Roman Christians the feeling towards them that had been expressed generally by the Churches he had visited. He may have spoken wherever he went of his intention of visiting Rome, and perhaps of meanwhile sending a letter thither; and the several Churches may have charged him with kind messages. Before authenticating these salutations with his usual autographic benediction, he feels bound to add one additional warning. The thought occurs to him, and he cannot but give expression to it. The warning is against a class of persons whose mischievous activity he had had experience of elsewhere, and attempts by some of whom to disturb the peace of the Roman Church he may possibly have heard cf. They may have been Judaists, or others who taught views contrary to the received faith, and so caused divisions and offences in the Churches. For allusions to such elsewhere, cf. Galatians 1:6, seq.; Galatians 3:1, seq.; Colossians 2:8, seq.; 2 Corinthians 11:13, seq. For proof of such having been at work afterwards at Rome, cf. Philippians 1:15, seq.; Philippians 3:2, 17, seq.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Greek
Greet
Ἀσπάσασθε (Aspasasthe)
Verb - Aorist Imperative Middle - 2nd Person Plural
Strong's 782: To greet, salute, pay my respects to, welcome. To enfold in the arms, i.e. to salute, to welcome.

one another
ἀλλήλους (allēlous)
Personal / Reciprocal Pronoun - Accusative Masculine Plural
Strong's 240: One another, each other. Genitive plural from allos reduplicated; one another.

with
ἐν (en)
Preposition
Strong's 1722: In, on, among. A primary preposition denoting position, and instrumentality, i.e. A relation of rest; 'in, ' at, on, by, etc.

a holy
ἁγίῳ (hagiō)
Adjective - Dative Neuter Singular
Strong's 40: Set apart by (or for) God, holy, sacred. From hagos; sacred.

kiss.
φιλήματι (philēmati)
Noun - Dative Neuter Singular
Strong's 5370: A kiss. From phileo; a kiss.

All
πᾶσαι (pasai)
Adjective - Nominative Feminine Plural
Strong's 3956: All, the whole, every kind of. Including all the forms of declension; apparently a primary word; all, any, every, the whole.

the
αἱ (hai)
Article - Nominative Feminine Plural
Strong's 3588: The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.

churches
ἐκκλησίαι (ekklēsiai)
Noun - Nominative Feminine Plural
Strong's 1577: From a compound of ek and a derivative of kaleo; a calling out, i.e. a popular meeting, especially a religious congregation.

of Christ
Χριστοῦ (Christou)
Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Strong's 5547: Anointed One; the Messiah, the Christ. From chrio; Anointed One, i.e. The Messiah, an epithet of Jesus.

send you greetings.
Ἀσπάζονται (Aspazontai)
Verb - Present Indicative Middle or Passive - 3rd Person Plural
Strong's 782: To greet, salute, pay my respects to, welcome. To enfold in the arms, i.e. to salute, to welcome.


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