Hosea 12:14
New International Version
But Ephraim has aroused his bitter anger; his Lord will leave on him the guilt of his bloodshed and will repay him for his contempt.

New Living Translation
But the people of Israel have bitterly provoked the LORD, so their Lord will now sentence them to death in payment for their sins.

English Standard Version
Ephraim has given bitter provocation; so his Lord will leave his bloodguilt on him and will repay him for his disgraceful deeds.

Berean Standard Bible
Ephraim has provoked bitter anger, so his Lord will leave his bloodguilt upon him and repay him for his contempt.

King James Bible
Ephraim provoked him to anger most bitterly: therefore shall he leave his blood upon him, and his reproach shall his Lord return unto him.

New King James Version
Ephraim provoked Him to anger most bitterly; Therefore his Lord will leave the guilt of his bloodshed upon him, And return his reproach upon him.

New American Standard Bible
Ephraim has provoked God to bitter anger; So his Lord will leave his guilt for bloodshed on him And bring his disgrace back to him.

NASB 1995
Ephraim has provoked to bitter anger; So his Lord will leave his bloodguilt on him And bring back his reproach to him.

NASB 1977
Ephraim has provoked to bitter anger; So his Lord will leave his bloodguilt on him, And bring back his reproach to him.

Legacy Standard Bible
Ephraim has provoked to bitter anger; So his Lord will leave his bloodguilt on him And cause his reproach to return to him.

Amplified Bible
Ephraim has provoked most bitter anger; So his Lord will leave his bloodguilt on him [invoking punishment] And bring back to him his shame and dishonor.

Christian Standard Bible
Ephraim has provoked bitter anger, so his Lord will leave his bloodguilt on him and repay him for his contempt.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
Ephraim has provoked bitter anger, so his Lord will leave his bloodguilt on him and repay him for his contempt.

American Standard Version
Ephraim hath provoked to anger most bitterly: therefore shall his blood be left upon him, and his reproach shall his Lord return unto him.

Contemporary English Version
Israel, I will make you pay for your violent crimes and for insulting me.

English Revised Version
Ephraim hath provoked to anger most bitterly: therefore shall his blood be left upon him, and his reproach shall his Lord return unto him.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
The people of Ephraim made the LORD bitter. He will hold them guilty of murder. The Lord will pay them back for their insults.

Good News Translation
The people of Israel have made the LORD bitterly angry; they deserve death for their crimes. Their Lord will punish them for the disgrace they have brought on him.

International Standard Version
Ephraim has stirred up violent anger; therefore the guilt of his blood will remain on him, and his Lord will repay him for his contempt."

Majority Standard Bible
Ephraim has provoked bitter anger, so his Lord will leave his bloodguilt upon him and repay him for his contempt.

NET Bible
But Ephraim bitterly provoked him to anger; so he will hold him accountable for the blood he has shed, his Lord will repay him for the contempt he has shown.

New Heart English Bible
Ephraim has bitterly provoked anger. Therefore his blood will be left on him, and his Lord will repay his contempt.

Webster's Bible Translation
Ephraim provoked him to anger most bitterly: therefore will he leave his blood upon him, and his reproach will his Lord return to him.

World English Bible
Ephraim has bitterly provoked anger. Therefore his blood will be left on him, and his Lord will repay his contempt.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
Ephraim has most bitterly provoked, "" And he leaves his blood on himself, "" And his Lord turns his reproach back to him!”

Young's Literal Translation
Ephraim hath provoked most bitterly, And his blood on himself he leaveth, And his reproach turn back to him doth his Lord!

Smith's Literal Translation
Ephraim provoked bitternesses, and bloods shall fly swiftly upon him, and his reproach shall his Lord turn back to him.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
Ephraim hath provoked me to wrath with his bitterness, and his blood shall come upon him, and his Lord will render his reproach unto him.

Catholic Public Domain Version
Ephraim has provoked me to wrath with his bitterness, and his blood will overcome him, and his Lord will requite him for his shamefulness.

New American Bible
Ephraim has aroused bitter anger, so his Lord shall cast his bloodguilt upon him and repay him for his scorn.

New Revised Standard Version
Ephraim has given bitter offense, so his Lord will bring his crimes down on him and pay him back for his insults.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
Ephraim provoked him to anger most bitterly; therefore his blood shall come upon him, and his reproach shall his LORD return to him.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
Aphreim was angry and bitter and his blood shall be poured upon him and his Lord will return his shame to him
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
Ephraim hath provoked most bitterly; Therefore shall his blood be cast upon him, And his reproach shall his Lord return unto him.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
Ephraim was angry and excited, therefore his blood shall be poured out upon him, and the Lord shall recompense to him his reproach.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
A Reproof of Ephraim, Judah, Jacob
13But by a prophet the LORD brought Israel out of Egypt, and by a prophet he was preserved. 14Ephraim has provoked bitter anger, so his Lord will leave his bloodguilt upon him and repay him for his contempt.

Cross References
Exodus 20:5
You shall not bow down to them or worship them; for I, the LORD your God, am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on their children to the third and fourth generations of those who hate Me,

Jeremiah 25:6-7
Do not follow other gods to serve and worship them, and do not provoke Me to anger with the works of your hands. Then I will do you no harm.’ / ‘But to your own harm, you have not listened to Me,’ declares the LORD, ‘so you have provoked Me to anger with the works of your hands.’

Ezekiel 23:49
They will repay you for your indecency, and you will bear the consequences of your sins of idolatry. Then you will know that I am the Lord GOD.’”

Isaiah 63:10
But they rebelled and grieved His Holy Spirit. So He turned and became their enemy, and He Himself fought against them.

2 Kings 17:18
So the LORD was very angry with Israel, and He removed them from His presence. Only the tribe of Judah remained,

Amos 2:13
Behold, I am about to crush you in your place as with a cart full of grain.

Deuteronomy 32:16-21
They provoked His jealousy with foreign gods; they enraged Him with abominations. / They sacrificed to demons, not to God, to gods they had not known, to newly arrived gods, which your fathers did not fear. / You ignored the Rock who brought you forth; you forgot the God who gave you birth. ...

Psalm 78:40
How often they disobeyed Him in the wilderness and grieved Him in the desert!

Isaiah 1:4
Alas, O sinful nation, a people laden with iniquity, a brood of evildoers, children who act corruptly! They have forsaken the LORD; they have despised the Holy One of Israel and turned their backs on Him.

Lamentations 1:18
The LORD is righteous, yet I rebelled against His command. Listen, all you people; look upon my suffering. My young men and maidens have gone into captivity.

Matthew 23:35
And so upon you will come all the righteous blood shed on earth, from the blood of righteous Abel to the blood of Zechariah son of Berechiah, whom you murdered between the temple and the altar.

Luke 11:50-51
As a result, this generation will be charged with the blood of all the prophets that has been shed since the foundation of the world, / from the blood of Abel to the blood of Zechariah, who was killed between the altar and the sanctuary. Yes, I tell you, all of it will be charged to this generation.

Acts 7:52
Which of the prophets did your fathers fail to persecute? They even killed those who foretold the coming of the Righteous One. And now you are His betrayers and murderers—

Romans 1:18
The wrath of God is being revealed from heaven against all the godlessness and wickedness of men who suppress the truth by their wickedness.

Ephesians 4:30
And do not grieve the Holy Spirit of God, in whom you were sealed for the day of redemption.


Treasury of Scripture

Ephraim provoked him to anger most bitterly: therefore shall he leave his blood on him, and his reproach shall his LORD return to him.

provoked.

2 Kings 17:7-18
For so it was, that the children of Israel had sinned against the LORD their God, which had brought them up out of the land of Egypt, from under the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and had feared other gods, …

Ezekiel 23:2-10
Son of man, there were two women, the daughters of one mother: …

most bitterly.

2 Samuel 1:16
And David said unto him, Thy blood be upon thy head; for thy mouth hath testified against thee, saying, I have slain the LORD'S anointed.

1 Kings 2:33,34
Their blood shall therefore return upon the head of Joab, and upon the head of his seed for ever: but upon David, and upon his seed, and upon his house, and upon his throne, shall there be peace for ever from the LORD…

Ezekiel 18:13
Hath given forth upon usury, and hath taken increase: shall he then live? he shall not live: he hath done all these abominations; he shall surely die; his blood shall be upon him.

blood.

Hosea 7:16
They return, but not to the most High: they are like a deceitful bow: their princes shall fall by the sword for the rage of their tongue: this shall be their derision in the land of Egypt.

Deuteronomy 28:37
And thou shalt become an astonishment, a proverb, and a byword, among all nations whither the LORD shall lead thee.

1 Samuel 2:30
Wherefore the LORD God of Israel saith, I said indeed that thy house, and the house of thy father, should walk before me for ever: but now the LORD saith, Be it far from me; for them that honour me I will honour, and they that despise me shall be lightly esteemed.

Jump to Previous
Anger Bitter Bitterly Blood Bloodguilt Cast Contempt Ephraim E'phraim Guilt Leave Moved Provocation Provoked Recompense Repay Reproach Shame Turn Wrath
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Anger Bitter Bitterly Blood Bloodguilt Cast Contempt Ephraim E'phraim Guilt Leave Moved Provocation Provoked Recompense Repay Reproach Shame Turn Wrath
Hosea 12
1. A reproof of Ephraim, Judah, and Jacob.
3. By former favors he exhorts to repentance.
7. Ephraim's sins provoke God.














Ephraim
This term refers to the largest and most influential tribe of the Northern Kingdom of Israel, often used as a synecdoche for the entire kingdom. Historically, Ephraim was known for its strength and leadership, but also for its rebellion against God. The name itself means "fruitful," which is ironic given the spiritual barrenness that Hosea addresses. The tribe's actions are a reflection of the nation's collective disobedience and idolatry.

has provoked bitter anger
The Hebrew root for "provoked" (כעס, ka'as) implies a deliberate action that incites wrath. This phrase indicates that Ephraim's actions were not accidental but intentional, leading to God's righteous indignation. The "bitter anger" suggests a deep-seated, intense emotional response from God, highlighting the severity of their sin. Historically, this reflects the period of moral and spiritual decline in Israel, where idolatry and injustice were rampant.

so his Lord
The term "Lord" here is a translation of the Hebrew "Adonai," emphasizing God's sovereign authority over Israel. Despite Israel's rebellion, God remains their rightful ruler. This phrase underscores the covenant relationship between God and Israel, where God is both a loving protector and a just judge.

will leave upon him the guilt of his bloodshed
The phrase "leave upon him" suggests a deliberate decision by God to allow the consequences of sin to remain. "Bloodshed" (דמים, damim) refers to violence and injustice, particularly the shedding of innocent blood. This highlights the moral corruption in Israel, where societal violence was prevalent. Theologically, it reflects the principle of divine justice, where sin carries inherent consequences.

and repay him for his contempt
The word "repay" (שׁוּב, shuv) in Hebrew often means to return or restore, but in this context, it implies retribution. "Contempt" (בּוּז, buz) indicates a deep disrespect and disregard for God and His commandments. This phrase emphasizes the principle of sowing and reaping, where Israel's disdain for God results in divine recompense. Historically, this is a warning of impending judgment, fulfilled through the Assyrian conquest and exile.

(14) But the rift in the clouds closes again, and another severe rebuke follows. "Jacob" and "Israel" give place to the proud tribal name of Ephraim. This portion of the whole house of Israel incurs the charge. Read, Ephraim hath provoked bitter feeling. The bloodguiltinese of Moloch sacrifices and other iniquity God will not remove. (Comp. Genesis 27:43; Genesis 27:28-29, for the foundation of these references.)

Verse 14. - Ephraim provoked him to auger most bitterly: therefore shall he leave his blood upon him, and his reproach shall his Lord return unto him. Instead of humble thankfulness and due devotedness, Ephraim provoked him to anger most bitterly. Therefore his blood-guiltiness and consequent punishment are left upon him; his sin and its consequences are not taken away. The dishonor done to God by Ephraim's idolatry and sins shall bring back a sure recompense and severe retribution.



Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
Ephraim
אֶפְרַ֖יִם (’ep̄·ra·yim)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 669: Ephraim -- a son of Joseph, also his descendants and their territory

has provoked bitter
תַּמְרוּרִ֑ים (tam·rū·rîm)
Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 8563: Bitterness

anger,
הִכְעִ֥יס (hiḵ·‘îs)
Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 3707: To trouble, to grieve, rage, be indignant

so his Lord
אֲדֹנָֽיו׃ (’ă·ḏō·nāw)
Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 136: The Lord

will leave
יִטּ֔וֹשׁ (yiṭ·ṭō·wōš)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 5203: To pound, smite, to disperse, to thrust off, down, out, upon

his bloodguilt
וְדָמָיו֙ (wə·ḏā·māw)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 1818: Blood, of man, an animal, the juice of the grape, bloodshed

upon him
עָלָ֣יו (‘ā·lāw)
Preposition | third person masculine singular
Strong's 5921: Above, over, upon, against

and repay
יָשִׁ֥יב (yā·šîḇ)
Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 7725: To turn back, in, to retreat, again

him
ל֖וֹ (lōw)
Preposition | third person masculine singular
Strong's Hebrew

for his contempt.
וְחֶ֨רְפָּת֔וֹ (wə·ḥer·pā·ṯōw)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 2781: Contumely, disgrace, the pudenda


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OT Prophets: Hosea 12:14 Ephraim has bitterly provoked anger (Ho Hs Hos.)
Hosea 12:13
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