Esther 1:20
New International Version
Then when the king’s edict is proclaimed throughout all his vast realm, all the women will respect their husbands, from the least to the greatest.”

New Living Translation
When this decree is published throughout the king’s vast empire, husbands everywhere, whatever their rank, will receive proper respect from their wives!”

English Standard Version
So when the decree made by the king is proclaimed throughout all his kingdom, for it is vast, all women will give honor to their husbands, high and low alike.”

Berean Standard Bible
The edict the king issues will be heard throughout his vast kingdom—and so all women, from the least to the greatest, will honor their husbands.”

King James Bible
And when the king's decree which he shall make shall be published throughout all his empire, (for it is great,) all the wives shall give to their husbands honour, both to great and small.

New King James Version
When the king’s decree which he will make is proclaimed throughout all his empire (for it is great), all wives will honor their husbands, both great and small.”

New American Standard Bible
When the king’s edict which he will make is heard throughout his kingdom, great as it is, then all women will give honor to their husbands, great and small.”

NASB 1995
“When the king’s edict which he will make is heard throughout all his kingdom, great as it is, then all women will give honor to their husbands, great and small.”

NASB 1977
“And when the king’s edict which he shall make is heard throughout all his kingdom, great as it is, then all women will give honor to their husbands, great and small.”

Legacy Standard Bible
And the king’s sentence, which he will make, will be heard throughout all his kingdom, for it is vast, and all women will give respect to their husbands, great and small.”

Amplified Bible
So when the king’s great decree is proclaimed throughout his [extensive] kingdom, all women will give honor to their husbands, from the great to the insignificant.”

Christian Standard Bible
The decree the king issues will be heard throughout his vast kingdom, so all women will honor their husbands, from the greatest to the least.”

Holman Christian Standard Bible
The decree the king issues will be heard throughout his vast kingdom, so all women will honor their husbands, from the least to the greatest.”

American Standard Version
And when the king's decree which he shall make shall be published throughout all his kingdom (for it is great), all the wives will give to their husbands honor, both to great and small.

Contemporary English Version
When the women in your great kingdom hear about this new law, they will respect their husbands, no matter if they are rich or poor.

English Revised Version
And when the king's decree which he shall make shall be published throughout all his kingdom, (for it is great,) all the wives shall give to their husbands honour, both to great and small.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
When you issue your decree, your whole kingdom, great as it is, will hear it. Then all the wives will honor their husbands, regardless of their status."

Good News Translation
When your proclamation is made known all over this huge empire, every woman will treat her husband with proper respect, whether he's rich or poor."

International Standard Version
When the edict of the king that he issues is heard throughout his kingdom—for it's vast—then all the women will give honor to their husbands, from the greatest to the least important."

Majority Standard Bible
The edict the king issues will be heard throughout his vast kingdom—and so all women, from the least to the greatest, will honor their husbands.”

NET Bible
And let the king's decision which he will enact be disseminated throughout all his kingdom, vast though it is. Then all the women will give honor to their husbands, from the most prominent to the lowly."

New Heart English Bible
When the king's decree which he shall make is published throughout all his kingdom (for it is great), all the wives will give their husbands honor, both great and small."

Webster's Bible Translation
And when the king's decree which he shall make shall be published throughout all his empire, (for it is great,) all the wives will give to their husbands honor, both to great and small.

World English Bible
When the king’s decree which he shall make is published throughout all his kingdom (for it is great), all the wives will give their husbands honor, both great and small.”
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
and the sentence of the king that he makes has been heard in all his kingdom—for it [is] great—and all the wives give honor to their husbands, from great even to small.”

Young's Literal Translation
and the sentence of the king that he maketh hath been heard in all his kingdom -- for it is great -- and all the wives give honour to their husbands, from great even unto small.'

Smith's Literal Translation
And the decree of the king which he shall make being heard in all his kingdom, (for it is great,) and all the women shall give honor to their husbands, to the great and even to the small.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
And let this be published through all the provinces of thy empire, (which is very wide,) and let all wives, as well of the greater as of the lesser, give honour to their husbands.

Catholic Public Domain Version
And let this be published in all the provinces of your empire, (which is very wide,) and let all wives, the greater as much as the lesser, give honor to their husbands.”

New American Bible
Thus, when the decree that the king will issue is published throughout his realm, vast as it is, all wives will honor their husbands, from the greatest to the least.”

New Revised Standard Version
So when the decree made by the king is proclaimed throughout all his kingdom, vast as it is, all women will give honor to their husbands, high and low alike.”
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
And the king's decree shall be proclaimed and published throughout all his empire (for it is great), that all wives shall give honor to their husbands, both great and small.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And the response of the King will be heard and it shall travel into all the kingdom, because it is great, and all the women will do honor to their husbands, from great to small.”
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
And when the king's decree which he shall make shall be published throughout all his kingdom, great though it be, all the wives will give to their husbands honour, both to great and small.'

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And let the law of the king which he shall have made, be widely proclaimed, in his kingdom: and so shall all the women give honour to their husbands, from the poor even to the rich.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Queen Vashti Deposed
19So if it pleases the king, let him issue a royal decree, and let it be recorded in the laws of Persia and Media so that it cannot be repealed, that Vashti shall never again enter the presence of King Xerxes, and that her royal position shall be given to a woman better than she. 20The edict the king issues will be heard throughout his vast kingdom— and so all women, from the least to the greatest, will honor their husbands.” 21The king and his princes were pleased with this counsel; so the king did as Memucan had advised.…

Cross References
Esther 2:17-18
And the king loved Esther more than all the other women, and she found grace and favor in his sight more than all of the other virgins. So he placed the royal crown upon her head and made her queen in place of Vashti. / Then the king held a great banquet, Esther’s banquet, for all his officials and servants. He proclaimed a tax holiday in the provinces and gave gifts worthy of the king’s bounty.

Esther 3:12-14
On the thirteenth day of the first month, the royal scribes were summoned and the order was written exactly as Haman commanded the royal satraps, the governors of each province, and the officials of each people, in the script of each province and the language of every people. It was written in the name of King Xerxes and sealed with the royal signet ring. / And the letters were sent by couriers to each of the royal provinces with the order to destroy, kill, and annihilate all the Jews—young and old, women and children—and to plunder their possessions on a single day, the thirteenth day of Adar, the twelfth month. / A copy of the text of the edict was to be issued in every province and published to all the people, so that they would be ready on that day.

Esther 8:8
Now you may write in the king’s name as you please regarding the Jews, and seal it with the royal signet ring. For a decree that is written in the name of the king and sealed with the royal signet ring cannot be revoked.”

Daniel 6:8-9
Therefore, O king, establish the decree and sign the document so that it cannot be changed—in accordance with the law of the Medes and Persians, which cannot be repealed.” / Therefore King Darius signed the written decree.

Daniel 6:15
Then the men approached the king together and said to him, “Remember, O king, that by the law of the Medes and Persians no decree or ordinance established by the king can be changed.”

Daniel 3:29
Therefore I decree that the people of any nation or language who say anything offensive against the God of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego will be cut into pieces and their houses reduced to rubble. For there is no other god who can deliver in this way.”

1 Peter 3:1
Wives, in the same way, submit yourselves to your husbands, so that even if they refuse to believe the word, they will be won over without words by the behavior of their wives

Ephesians 5:22-24
Wives, submit to your husbands as to the Lord. / For the husband is the head of the wife as Christ is the head of the church, His body, of which He is the Savior. / Now as the church submits to Christ, so also wives should submit to their husbands in everything.

Colossians 3:18
Wives, submit to your husbands, as is fitting in the Lord.

1 Corinthians 14:34-35
Women are to be silent in the churches. They are not permitted to speak, but must be in submission, as the law says. / If they wish to inquire about something, they are to ask their own husbands at home; for it is dishonorable for a woman to speak in the church.

1 Timothy 2:11-12
A woman must learn in quietness and full submissiveness. / I do not permit a woman to teach or to exercise authority over a man; she is to remain quiet.

Proverbs 31:10-12
A wife of noble character, who can find? She is far more precious than rubies. / The heart of her husband trusts in her, and he lacks nothing of value. / She brings him good and not harm all the days of her life.

Proverbs 31:30-31
Charm is deceptive and beauty is fleeting, but a woman who fears the LORD is to be praised. / Give her the fruit of her hands, and let her works praise her at the gates.

Genesis 3:16
To the woman He said: “I will sharply increase your pain in childbirth; in pain you will bring forth children. Your desire will be for your husband, and he will rule over you.”

Titus 2:4-5
In this way they can train the young women to love their husbands and children, / to be self-controlled, pure, managers of their households, kind, and submissive to their own husbands, so that the word of God will not be discredited.


Treasury of Scripture

And when the king's decree which he shall make shall be published throughout all his empire, (for it is great,) all the wives shall give to their husbands honor, both to great and small.

throughout.

Deuteronomy 17:13
And all the people shall hear, and fear, and do no more presumptuously.

Deuteronomy 21:21
And all the men of his city shall stone him with stones, that he die: so shalt thou put evil away from among you; and all Israel shall hear, and fear.

all the wives.

Ephesians 5:33
Nevertheless let every one of you in particular so love his wife even as himself; and the wife see that she reverence her husband.

Colossians 3:18
Wives, submit yourselves unto your own husbands, as it is fit in the Lord.

1 Peter 3:1-7
Likewise, ye wives, be in subjection to your own husbands; that, if any obey not the word, they also may without the word be won by the conversation of the wives; …

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Decree Edict Empire Great Heard High Honor Honour Husbands Kingdom King's Low Order Proclaimed Public Published Realm Respect Small Throughout Vast Wives Women
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Decree Edict Empire Great Heard High Honor Honour Husbands Kingdom King's Low Order Proclaimed Public Published Realm Respect Small Throughout Vast Wives Women
Esther 1
1. Xerxes makes royal feasts.
10. Vashti, sent for, refuses to come.
13. Xerxes, by the counsel of Memucan, puts away Vashti, and decrees men's sovereignty.














The king’s edict
The term "edict" refers to a formal proclamation or command issued by a sovereign authority. In the context of the Persian Empire, such decrees were absolute and irrevocable, reflecting the king's ultimate power. Historically, Persian kings were known for their extensive administrative systems, which allowed them to communicate their decrees across vast territories. This highlights the seriousness and authority behind the king's command, emphasizing the weight of royal decrees in ancient times.

will be proclaimed
The act of proclamation suggests a public announcement meant to reach a wide audience. In ancient Persia, proclamations were often delivered by heralds or through written documents distributed across the empire. This method ensured that the king's commands were known and adhered to by all subjects, illustrating the organized and far-reaching nature of Persian governance.

throughout his vast kingdom
The phrase "vast kingdom" underscores the extensive reach of the Persian Empire, which, at its height, stretched from India to Ethiopia. This vastness signifies not only the geographical expanse but also the diversity of cultures and peoples under Persian rule. The ability to enforce an edict across such a wide area demonstrates the centralized power and administrative efficiency of the empire.

so that all women will honor their husbands
This part of the verse reflects the cultural and societal norms of the time, where patriarchal structures were prevalent. The emphasis on women honoring their husbands aligns with the broader biblical theme of family order and respect within the household. It also mirrors the societal expectations of ancient Persia, where family hierarchy was an essential aspect of social stability.

from the least to the greatest
This phrase indicates the universal application of the edict, affecting every social class within the kingdom. It underscores the idea that the king's command was meant to establish a standard of behavior that transcended social and economic boundaries. In a biblical context, this reflects the notion that divine or royal laws apply equally to all individuals, regardless of their status, reinforcing the idea of unity and order within the kingdom.

Verse 20. - The king's decree. The "commandment" of the preceding verse is here given the formal name of pithgam, "decree," which is a Persian word, used also in Ezra (Ezra 4:17; Ezra 5:7, 11). For it is great. These words seem at first sight superfluous. Perhaps their force is this - Let a decree be made, and then, great as the empire is, the lesson will be taught to all: otherwise there will be many to whom it will never penetrate.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
The edict
פִּתְגָ֨ם (piṯ·ḡām)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 6599: An edict, decree

the king
הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ (ham·me·leḵ)
Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 4428: A king

issues
יַעֲשֶׂה֙ (ya·‘ă·śeh)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 6213: To do, make

will be heard
וְנִשְׁמַע֩ (wə·niš·ma‘)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 8085: To hear intelligently

throughout
בְּכָל־ (bə·ḵāl)
Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every

his vast
רַבָּ֖ה (rab·bāh)
Adjective - feminine singular
Strong's 7227: Much, many, great

kingdom—
מַלְכוּת֔וֹ (mal·ḵū·ṯōw)
Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 4438: Royalty, royal power, reign, kingdom

and so
כִּ֥י (kî)
Conjunction
Strong's 3588: A relative conjunction

all
וְכָל־ (wə·ḵāl)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every

women,
הַנָּשִׁ֗ים (han·nā·šîm)
Article | Noun - feminine plural
Strong's 802: Woman, wife, female

from the least
קָטָֽן׃ (qā·ṭān)
Adjective - masculine singular
Strong's 6996: Small, young, unimportant

to
וְעַד־ (wə·‘aḏ-)
Conjunctive waw | Preposition
Strong's 5704: As far as, even to, up to, until, while

the greatest,
לְמִגָּד֖וֹל (lə·mig·gā·ḏō·wl)
Preposition-l, Preposition-m | Adjective - masculine singular
Strong's 1419: Great, older, insolent

will honor
יִתְּנ֤וּ (yit·tə·nū)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural
Strong's 5414: To give, put, set

their husbands.”
לְבַעְלֵיהֶ֔ן (lə·ḇa‘·lê·hen)
Preposition-l | Noun - masculine plural construct | third person feminine plural
Strong's 1167: A master, a husband, owner


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OT History: Esther 1:20 When the king's decree which he shall (Est Esth. Es)
Esther 1:19
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