Jonathan (109 Occurrences)

Jonathan

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Bible Concordance

Judges 18:30 The children of Dan set up for themselves the engraved image: and Jonathan, the son of Gershom, the son of Moses, he and his sons were priests to the tribe of the Danites until the day of the captivity of the land.
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1 Samuel 13:2 Saul chose him three thousand men of Israel, of which two thousand were with Saul in Michmash and in the Mount of Bethel, and one thousand were with Jonathan in Gibeah of Benjamin: and the rest of the people he sent every man to his tent.
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1 Samuel 13:3 Jonathan struck the garrison of the Philistines that was in Geba: and the Philistines heard of it. Saul blew the trumpet throughout all the land, saying, "Let the Hebrews hear!"
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1 Samuel 13:16 Saul, and Jonathan his son, and the people who were present with them, abode in Geba of Benjamin: but the Philistines encamped in Michmash.
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1 Samuel 13:22 So it came to pass in the day of battle, that there was neither sword nor spear found in the hand of any of the people who were with Saul and Jonathan: but with Saul and with Jonathan his son was there found.
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1 Samuel 14:1 Now it fell on a day, that Jonathan the son of Saul said to the young man who bore his armor, "Come, and let us go over to the Philistines' garrison, that is on the other side." But he didn't tell his father.
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1 Samuel 14:3 and Ahijah, the son of Ahitub, Ichabod's brother, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the priest of Yahweh in Shiloh, wearing an ephod. The people didn't know that Jonathan was gone.
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1 Samuel 14:4 Between the passes, by which Jonathan sought to go over to the Philistines' garrison, there was a rocky crag on the one side, and a rocky crag on the other side: and the name of the one was Bozez, and the name of the other Seneh.
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1 Samuel 14:6 Jonathan said to the young man who bore his armor, "Come, and let us go over to the garrison of these uncircumcised. It may be that Yahweh will work for us; for there is no restraint on Yahweh to save by many or by few."
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1 Samuel 14:8 Then Jonathan said, "Behold, we will pass over to the men, and we will reveal ourselves to them.
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1 Samuel 14:12 The men of the garrison answered Jonathan and his armor bearer, and said, "Come up to us, and we will show you something!" Jonathan said to his armor bearer, "Come up after me; for Yahweh has delivered them into the hand of Israel."
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1 Samuel 14:13 Jonathan climbed up on his hands and on his feet, and his armor bearer after him: and they fell before Jonathan; and his armor bearer killed them after him.
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1 Samuel 14:14 That first slaughter, which Jonathan and his armor bearer made, was about twenty men, within as it were half a furrow's length in an acre of land.
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1 Samuel 14:17 Then said Saul to the people who were with him, "Count now, and see who is missing from us." When they had counted, behold, Jonathan and his armor bearer were not there.
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1 Samuel 14:21 Now the Hebrews who were with the Philistines as before, and who went up with them into the camp, from the country all around, even they also turned to be with the Israelites who were with Saul and Jonathan.
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1 Samuel 14:27 But Jonathan didn't hear when his father commanded the people with the oath: therefore he put forth the end of the rod who was in his hand, and dipped it in the honeycomb, and put his hand to his mouth; and his eyes were enlightened.
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1 Samuel 14:29 Then Jonathan said, "My father has troubled the land. Please look how my eyes have been enlightened, because I tasted a little of this honey.
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1 Samuel 14:39 For, as Yahweh lives, who saves Israel, though it is in Jonathan my son, he shall surely die." But there was not a man among all the people who answered him.
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1 Samuel 14:40 Then said he to all Israel, "You be on one side, and I and Jonathan my son will be on the other side." The people said to Saul, "Do what seems good to you."
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1 Samuel 14:41 Therefore Saul said to Yahweh, the God of Israel, "Show the right." Jonathan and Saul were chosen; but the people escaped.
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1 Samuel 14:42 Saul said, "Cast lots between me and Jonathan my son." Jonathan was selected.
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1 Samuel 14:43 Then Saul said to Jonathan, "Tell me what you have done!" Jonathan told him, and said, "I certainly did taste a little honey with the end of the rod that was in my hand; and behold, I must die."
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1 Samuel 14:44 Saul said, "God do so and more also; for you shall surely die, Jonathan."
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1 Samuel 14:45 The people said to Saul, "Shall Jonathan die, who has worked this great salvation in Israel? Far from it! As Yahweh lives, there shall not one hair of his head fall to the ground; for he has worked with God this day!" So the people rescued Jonathan, that he didn't die.
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1 Samuel 14:49 Now the sons of Saul were Jonathan, and Ishvi, and Malchishua; and the names of his two daughters were these: the name of the firstborn Merab, and the name of the younger Michal:
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1 Samuel 18:1 It happened, when he had made an end of speaking to Saul, that the soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of David, and Jonathan loved him as his own soul.
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1 Samuel 18:3 Then Jonathan and David made a covenant, because he loved him as his own soul.
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1 Samuel 18:4 Jonathan stripped himself of the robe that was on him, and gave it to David, and his clothing, even to his sword, and to his bow, and to his sash.
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1 Samuel 19:1 Saul spoke to Jonathan his son, and to all his servants, that they should kill David. But Jonathan, Saul's son, delighted much in David.
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1 Samuel 19:2 Jonathan told David, saying, "Saul my father seeks to kill you. Now therefore, please take care of yourself in the morning, and live in a secret place, and hide yourself.
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1 Samuel 19:4 Jonathan spoke good of David to Saul his father, and said to him, "Don't let the king sin against his servant, against David; because he has not sinned against you, and because his works have been very good toward you;
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1 Samuel 19:6 Saul listened to the voice of Jonathan: and Saul swore, "As Yahweh lives, he shall not be put to death."
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1 Samuel 19:7 Jonathan called David, and Jonathan showed him all those things. Jonathan brought David to Saul, and he was in his presence, as before.
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1 Samuel 20:1 David fled from Naioth in Ramah, and came and said before Jonathan, "What have I done? What is my iniquity? What is my sin before your father, that he seeks my life?"
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1 Samuel 20:3 David swore moreover, and said, "Your father knows well that I have found favor in your eyes; and he says,'Don't let Jonathan know this, lest he be grieved:' but truly as Yahweh lives, and as your soul lives, there is but a step between me and death."
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1 Samuel 20:4 Then said Jonathan to David, "Whatever your soul desires, I will even do it for you."
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1 Samuel 20:5 David said to Jonathan, "Behold, tomorrow is the new moon, and I should not fail to dine with the king; but let me go, that I may hide myself in the field to the third day at evening.
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1 Samuel 20:9 Jonathan said, "Far be it from you; for if I should at all know that evil were determined by my father to come on you, then wouldn't I tell you that?"
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1 Samuel 20:10 Then said David to Jonathan, "Who shall tell me if perchance your father answers you roughly?"
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1 Samuel 20:11 Jonathan said to David, "Come, and let us go out into the field." They both went out into the field.
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1 Samuel 20:12 Jonathan said to David, "Yahweh, the God of Israel, be witness : when I have sounded my father about this time tomorrow, or the third day, behold, if there be good toward David, shall I not then send to you, and disclose it to you?
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1 Samuel 20:13 Yahweh do so to Jonathan, and more also, should it please my father to do you evil, if I don't disclose it to you, and send you away, that you may go in peace: and Yahweh be with you, as he has been with my father.
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1 Samuel 20:16 So Jonathan made a covenant with the house of David, saying, "Yahweh will require it at the hand of David's enemies."
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1 Samuel 20:17 Jonathan caused David to swear again, for the love that he had to him; for he loved him as he loved his own soul.
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1 Samuel 20:18 Then Jonathan said to him, "Tomorrow is the new moon: and you will be missed, because your seat will be empty.
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1 Samuel 20:25 The king sat on his seat, as at other times, even on the seat by the wall; and Jonathan stood up, and Abner sat by Saul's side: but David's place was empty.
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1 Samuel 20:27 It happened on the next day after the new moon, the second day, that David's place was empty. Saul said to Jonathan his son, "Why doesn't the son of Jesse come to eat, neither yesterday, nor today?"
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1 Samuel 20:28 Jonathan answered Saul, "David earnestly asked leave of me to go to Bethlehem.
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1 Samuel 20:30 Then Saul's anger was kindled against Jonathan, and he said to him, "You son of a perverse rebellious woman, don't I know that you have chosen the son of Jesse to your own shame, and to the shame of your mother's nakedness?
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1 Samuel 20:32 Jonathan answered Saul his father, and said to him, "Why should he be put to death? What has he done?"
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1 Samuel 20:33 Saul cast his spear at him to strike him. By this Jonathan knew that his father was determined to put David to death.
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1 Samuel 20:34 So Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, and ate no food the second day of the month; for he was grieved for David, because his father had done him shame.
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1 Samuel 20:35 It happened in the morning, that Jonathan went out into the field at the time appointed with David, and a little boy with him.
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1 Samuel 20:37 When the boy was come to the place of the arrow which Jonathan had shot, Jonathan cried after the boy, and said, "Isn't the arrow beyond you?"
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1 Samuel 20:38 Jonathan cried after the boy, "Go fast! Hurry! Don't delay!" Jonathan's boy gathered up the arrows, and came to his master.
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1 Samuel 20:39 But the boy didn't know anything. Only Jonathan and David knew the matter.
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1 Samuel 20:40 Jonathan gave his weapons to his boy, and said to him, "Go, carry them to the city."
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1 Samuel 20:41 As soon as the boy was gone, David arose out of a place toward the South, and fell on his face to the ground, and bowed himself three times. They kissed one another, and wept one with another, and David wept the most.
(See NIV)

1 Samuel 20:42 Jonathan said to David, "Go in peace, because we have both sworn in the name of Yahweh, saying,'Yahweh shall be between me and you, and between my seed and your seed, forever.'" He arose and departed; and Jonathan went into the city.
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1 Samuel 23:16 Jonathan, Saul's son, arose, and went to David into the woods, and strengthened his hand in God.
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1 Samuel 23:18 They both made a covenant before Yahweh: and David stayed in the woods, and Jonathan went to his house.
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1 Samuel 31:2 The Philistines followed hard on Saul and on his sons; and the Philistines killed Jonathan, and Abinadab, and Malchishua, the sons of Saul.
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2 Samuel 1:4 David said to him, "How did it go? Please tell me." He answered, "The people have fled from the battle, and many of the people also have fallen and are dead; and Saul and Jonathan his son are dead also."
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2 Samuel 1:5 David said to the young man who told him, "How do you know that Saul and Jonathan his son are dead?"
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2 Samuel 1:12 They mourned, and wept, and fasted until evening, for Saul, and for Jonathan his son, and for the people of Yahweh, and for the house of Israel; because they were fallen by the sword.
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2 Samuel 1:17 David lamented with this lamentation over Saul and over Jonathan his son
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2 Samuel 1:22 From the blood of the slain, from the fat of the mighty, Jonathan's bow didn't turn back. Saul's sword didn't return empty.
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2 Samuel 1:23 Saul and Jonathan were lovely and pleasant in their lives. In their death, they were not divided. They were swifter than eagles. They were stronger than lions.
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2 Samuel 1:25 How are the mighty fallen in the midst of the battle! Jonathan is slain on your high places.
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2 Samuel 1:26 I am distressed for you, my brother Jonathan. You have been very pleasant to me. Your love to me was wonderful, passing the love of women.
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2 Samuel 4:4 Now Jonathan, Saul's son, had a son who was lame of his feet. He was five years old when the news came of Saul and Jonathan out of Jezreel; and his nurse took him up, and fled: and it happened, as she made haste to flee, that he fell, and became lame. His name was Mephibosheth.
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2 Samuel 9:1 David said, "Is there yet any who is left of the house of Saul, that I may show him kindness for Jonathan's sake?"
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2 Samuel 9:3 The king said, "Is there not yet any of the house of Saul, that I may show the kindness of God to him?" Ziba said to the king, "Jonathan has yet a son, who is lame of his feet."
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2 Samuel 9:6 Mephibosheth, the son of Jonathan, the son of Saul, came to David, and fell on his face, and did obeisance. David said, "Mephibosheth." He answered, "Behold, your servant!"
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2 Samuel 9:7 David said to him, "Don't be afraid of him; for I will surely show you kindness for Jonathan your father's sake, and will restore to you all the land of Saul your father. You shall eat bread at my table continually."
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2 Samuel 15:27 The king said also to Zadok the priest, "Aren't you a seer? Return into the city in peace, and your two sons with you, Ahimaaz your son, and Jonathan the son of Abiathar.
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2 Samuel 15:36 Behold, they have there with them their two sons, Ahimaaz, Zadok's son, and Jonathan, Abiathar's son; and by them you shall send to me everything that you shall hear."
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2 Samuel 17:17 Now Jonathan and Ahimaaz were staying by En Rogel; and a female servant used to go and tell them; and they went and told king David. For they might not be seen to come into the city.
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2 Samuel 17:20 Absalom's servants came to the woman to the house; and they said, "Where are Ahimaaz and Jonathan?" The woman said to them, "They have gone over the brook of water." When they had sought and could not find them, they returned to Jerusalem.
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2 Samuel 21:7 But the king spared Mephibosheth, the son of Jonathan the son of Saul, because of Yahweh's oath that was between them, between David and Jonathan the son of Saul.
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2 Samuel 21:12 David went and took the bones of Saul and the bones of Jonathan his son from the men of Jabesh Gilead, who had stolen them from the street of Beth Shan, where the Philistines had hanged them, in the day that the Philistines killed Saul in Gilboa;
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2 Samuel 21:13 and he brought up from there the bones of Saul and the bones of Jonathan his son: and they gathered the bones of those who were hanged.
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2 Samuel 21:14 They buried the bones of Saul and Jonathan his son in the country of Benjamin in Zela, in the tomb of Kish his father: and they performed all that the king commanded. After that God was entreated for the land.
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2 Samuel 21:21 When he defied Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimei, David's brother, killed him.
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2 Samuel 23:32 Eliahba the Shaalbonite, the sons of Jashen, Jonathan,
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2 Samuel 23:33 Jonathan, the son of Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam, the son of Sharar the Hararite,
(BBE)

1 Kings 1:42 While he yet spoke, behold, Jonathan the son of Abiathar the priest came: and Adonijah said, "Come in; for you are a worthy man, and bring good news."
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1 Kings 1:43 Jonathan answered Adonijah, "Most certainly our lord king David has made Solomon king.
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1 Chronicles 2:32 The sons of Jada the brother of Shammai: Jether, and Jonathan; and Jether died without children.
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1 Chronicles 2:33 The sons of Jonathan: Peleth, and Zaza. These were the sons of Jerahmeel.
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1 Chronicles 8:33 Ner became the father of Kish; and Kish became the father of Saul; and Saul became the father of Jonathan, and Malchishua, and Abinadab, and Eshbaal.
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1 Chronicles 8:34 The son of Jonathan was Merib Baal; and Merib Baal became the father of Micah.
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1 Chronicles 9:39 Ner became the father of Kish; and Kish became the father of Saul; and Saul became the father of Jonathan, and Malchishua, and Abinadab, and Eshbaal.
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1 Chronicles 9:40 The son of Jonathan was Merib Baal; and Merib Baal became the father of Micah.
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1 Chronicles 10:2 The Philistines followed hard after Saul and after his sons; and the Philistines killed Jonathan, and Abinadab, and Malchishua, the sons of Saul.
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1 Chronicles 11:34 the sons of Hashem the Gizonite, Jonathan the son of Shagee the Hararite,
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1 Chronicles 20:7 When he defied Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimea David's brother killed him.
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1 Chronicles 27:25 Over the king's treasures was Azmaveth the son of Adiel: and over the treasures in the fields, in the cities, and in the villages, and in the towers, was Jonathan the son of Uzziah:
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1 Chronicles 27:32 Also Jonathan, David's uncle, was a counselor, a man of understanding, and a scribe: and Jehiel the son of Hachmoni was with the king's sons:
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2 Chronicles 17:8 and with them the Levites: Shemaiah, and Nethaniah, and Zebadiah, and Asahel, and Shemiramoth, and Jonathan, and Adonijah, and Tobijah, and Tob-Adonijah, Levites; and with them Elishama and Jehoram, the priests.
(DBY)

Thesaurus

Jonathan (109 Occurrences)
... warriors (2 Samuel 21:21). He slew a giant in Gath. Int. Standard Bible
Encyclopedia. JONATHAN (1). jon'-a-than (yehonathan, yonathan ...
/j/jonathan.htm - 59k

Jonathan's (6 Occurrences)
... Multi-Version Concordance Jonathan's (6 Occurrences). 1 Samuel 18:3 Then Jonathan
and David made an agreement together, because of Jonathan's love for David. ...
/j/jonathan's.htm - 8k

Armor-bearer (15 Occurrences)
... prisoner of the Philistines, he took a sword himself and fell upon it (1 Samuel
31:4). David became Saul's armor-bearer for a time, and Jonathan's armor-bearer ...
/a/armor-bearer.htm - 12k

Weapons (66 Occurrences)
... 1 Samuel 14:1 And the day cometh that Jonathan son of Saul saith unto the young
man bearing his weapons, 'Come, and we pass over unto the station of the ...
/w/weapons.htm - 27k

Tryphon
... 11:39). The Jews under Jonathan came to the assistance of Demetrius in his
difficulties against his revolting subjects. But Demetrius ...
/t/tryphon.htm - 9k

Armorbearer (11 Occurrences)
... prisoner of the Philistines, he took a sword himself and fell upon it (1 Samuel
31:4). David became Saul's armor-bearer for a time, and Jonathan's armor-bearer ...
/a/armorbearer.htm - 11k

Declareth (71 Occurrences)
... 1 Samuel 14:43 And Saul saith unto Jonathan, 'Declare to me, what hast thou done?'
and Jonathan declareth to him, and saith, 'I certainly tasted with the end ...
/d/declareth.htm - 27k

Michmash (10 Occurrences)
... It first appears as occupied by Saul with 2,000 men, when Jonathan, advancing from
Gibeah, smote the Philistine garrison in Geba (1 Samuel 13:2). To avenge ...
/m/michmash.htm - 14k

Friendship (13 Occurrences)
... The mutual friendship of David and Jonathan (1 Samuel 18:1), from which the author
is made to say, "The soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of David, and ...
/f/friendship.htm - 13k

Bearer (23 Occurrences)
... 1 Samuel 14:12 The men of the garrison answered Jonathan and his armor bearer, and
said, "Come up to us, and we will show you something!" Jonathan said to his ...
/b/bearer.htm - 14k

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

Jonathan

given of God

Smith's Bible Dictionary

Jonathan

that is, "the gift of Jehovah, " the eldest son of King Saul. (B.C. about 1095-1056.) He was a man of great strength and activity. (2 Samuel 1:23) He was also famous as a warrior, (1 Chronicles 12:2) as is shown by the courage he showing in attacking the garrison of the Philistines, in company with is armor-bearer only, slaying twenty men and putting an army to flight. (1 Samuel 14:6-16) During the pursuit, Jonathan, who had not heard of the rash curse, ch. (1 Samuel 14:24) which Saul invoked on any one who ate before the evening, tasted the honey which lay on the ground. Saul would have sacrificed him; but the people interposed in behalf of the hero of that great day, and Jonathan was saved. ch. (1 Samuel 14:24-45) The chief interest of Jonathan's career is derived from the friendship with David, which began on the day of David's return from the victory over the champion of Gath, and continued till his death. Their last meeting was in and forest of Ziph, during Saul's pursuit of David. (1 Samuel 23:16-18) From this time forth we hear no more till the battle of Gilboa. In that battle he fell. (1 Samuel 31:2,8) (B.C. 1056.) his ashes were buried first at Jabesh-gilead, ch. (1 Samuel 31:13) but were afterward removed with those of his father to Zelah in Benjamin. (2 Samuel 21:12) The news of his death occasioned the celebrated elegy of David. He left a son, Mephibosheth. [MEPHIBOSHETH]

A nephew of David. (2 Samuel 21:21; 1 Chronicles 20:7) He engaged in single combat with and slew a gigantic Philistine of Gath. (2 Samuel 21:21) (B.C. 1018.)
The son of Abiathar, the high priest, is the last descendant of Eli of whom we hear anything. (2 Samuel 15:36; 17:15-21; 1 Kings 1:42,43) (B.C. 1023.)
One of David's heroes. (2 Samuel 23:32; 1 Chronicles 11:34)
The son or descendant of Gershom the son of Moses. (Judges 18:30) [MICAH] (B.C. about 1425.)
One of the Bene-Adin. (Ezra 8:6)
A priest, the son of Asahel, in the time of Ezra. (Ezra 10:15) (B.C. 459.)
A priest of the family of Melieu. (Nehemiah 12:14)
One of the sons of Kareah, and brother of Johanan. (Jeremiah 40:8) (B.C. 587.)
Son of Joiada, and his successor in the high priesthood. (Nehemiah 12:11,22,23) (B.C. before 332.)
Father of Zechariah, a priest who blew the trumpet at the dedication of the wall. (Nehemiah 12:35)
1 Esdr. 8:32. [See No. 6] (B.C. 446.)

ATS Bible Dictionary

Jonathan

1. A Levite, son of Gershom, and grandson of Moses, who after the death of Joshua impiously served as a priest, first to Micah, and then to the Danites in Laish or Dan, where his posterity succeeded him until the captivity, Jud 17:1-18:31.

2. The eldest son of Saul, and one of the loveliest characters in Old Testament history. The narrative of his brilliant exploit in Michmash, 1 Samuel 13:1-14:52, illustrates his pious faith, his bravery, (see also 1 Samuel 13:3) and the favor borne him by the people, who would not suffer him to be put to death in consequence of Saul's foolish vow. This valiant and generous prince loved David as his own soul, 1 Samuel 18:1-4 19:2:20:1-42; and though convinced that his friend was chosen of God for the throne, nobly yielded his own pretensions, and reconciled fidelity to his father with the most pure and disinterested friendship for David. He perished with his father, in battle with the Philistines at mount Gilboa; and nothing can surpass the beauty and pathos of the elegy in which David laments his friend, 2 Samuel 1:1-27, whose son Mephibosheth he afterwards sought out and befriended, 2 Samuel 9:1-13.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Whom Jehovah gave, the name of fifteen or more persons that are mentioned in Scripture. The chief of these are,

(1.) A Levite descended from Gershom (Judges 18:30). His history is recorded in 17:7-13 and 18:30. The Rabbins changed this name into Manasseh "to screen the memory of the great lawgiver from the stain of having so unworthy an apostate among his near descendants." He became priest of the idol image at Dan, and this office continued in his family till the Captivity.

(2.) The eldest son of king Saul, and the bosom friend of David. He is first mentioned when he was about thirty years of age, some time after his father's accession to the throne (1 Samuel 13:2). Like his father, he was a man of great strength and activity (2 Samuel 1:23), and excelled in archery and slinging (1 Chronicles 12:2;2 Samuel 1:22). The affection that evidently subsisted between him and his father was interrupted by the growth of Saul's insanity. At length, "in fierce anger," he left his father's presence and cast in his lot with the cause of David (1 Samuel 20:34). After an eventful career, interwoven to a great extent with that of David, he fell, along with his father and his two brothers, on the fatal field of Gilboa (1 Samuel 31:2, 8). He was first buried at Jabesh-gilead, but his remains were afterwards removed with those of his father to Zelah, in Benjamin (2 Samuel 21:12-14). His death was the occasion of David's famous elegy of "the Song of the Bow" (2 Samuel 1:17-27). He left one son five years old, Merib-baal, or Mephibosheth (2 Samuel 4:4; Comp. 1 Chronicles 8:34).

(3.) Son of the high priest Abiathar, and one who adhered to David at the time of Absalom's rebellion (2 Samuel 15:27, 36). He is the last descendant of Eli of whom there is any record.

(4.) Son of Shammah, and David's nephew, and also one of his chief warriors (2 Samuel 21:21). He slew a giant in Gath.

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

JONATHAN (1)

jon'-a-than (yehonathan, yonathan, "Yahweh has given"; Ionathan; compare JEHONATHAN):

(1) (Hebrew yehonathan): The young "Levite" of Judges 17; 18 referred to by name in 18:30, where he is called "the son of Gershom, the son of Moses," and where the King James Version has "Manasseh" for Moses, following the Massoretic Text in which the letter nun of Manasseh is "suspended."

Rashi states the reason thus: "Because of the honor of Moses was the nun written so as to alter the name." The original word was Moses, but it was thought undesirable that a descendant of his should have anything to do with images; and so Jonathan was made to have affinity (metaphorically) with Manasseh. See GB, Intro, 335-38.

Jonathan was a Levitical Judahite of Beth-lehem-judah, who came to the house of Micah, in the hill country of Ephraim, and hired himself as a priest in Micah's sanctuary (Judges 17:1-13). The Danites sent 5 men north to spy for new territory, and on their way the spies came to the house of Micah, where they found Jonathan and consulted the oracle through him (Judges 18:1-5). Having received a favorable answer, they set out and came to Laish, and on their return south they advised that an expedition be sent thither (Judges 18:6-10). Their clansmen accordingly sent out a band of warriors who on their way passed by Micah's house. The spies informed their comrades of the ephod and teraphim and images there, and they seized them, inducing Jonathan at the same time to accompany them as their priest (Judges 18:11-20). At Laish he founded a priesthood which was thus descended from Moses (Judges 18:30).

It has been held that there are two sources in the narrative in Judges 17; 18 (see Moore, Judges, 365-72). The section is important because of the light it throws on life and religion in early Israel. The "Levites" were not all of one tribe (see Moore, op. cit., 383-84); there were priests who claimed descent from Moses as well as Aaronite priests; and images were common in early Hebrew worship (compare Genesis 31:30;; Judges 8:27 1 Samuel 19:13).

(2) Son of King Saul. See separate article.

(3) (Hebrew yehonathan, yonathan, 2 Samuel 15:27, 36; 2 Samuel 17:17, 20 1 Kings 1:42, 43): Son of Abiathar the priest. He acted with Ahimaaz as courier to inform David of events at Jerusalem during Absalom's revolt. It was he who also brought to Adonijah the news of Solomon's accession.

(4) (Hebrew yehonathan, 2 Samuel 21:21 parallel 1 Chronicles 20:7): Son of Shimei or Shimea, David's brother; he is said to be the slayer of Goliath.

See JEHONADAB (1).

(5) (2 Samuel 23:32, Hebrew yehonathan = 1 Chronicles 11:34, Hebrew yonathan): One of David's mighty men.

See JASHEN.

(6) (Hebrew yonathan, 1 Chronicles 2:32, 33): A Jerahmeelite.

(7) (Hebrew yehonathan, and so 1 Chronicles 27:25 the King James Version): Son of Uzziah, and one of David's treasurers.

(8) (Hebrew yehonathan, 1 Chronicles 27:32): A dodh of David, the Revised Version (British and American) "uncle," the Revised Version margin "brother's son"; if he was David's nephew, he will be the same as (4) above. He "was a counselor" to David, and "a man of understanding, and a scribe."

(9) (Hebrew yonathan, Ezra 8:6; 1 Esdras 8:32): Father of Ebed, a returned exile.

(10) (Hebrew yonathan, Ezra 10:15; 1 Esdras 9:14): One who either supported (Revised Version (British and American)) or opposed (Revised Version margin, the King James Version) Ezra in the matter of foreign marriages; see JAHZEIAH.

(11) (Hebrew yonathan, Nehemiah 12:11): A priest, descendant of Jeshua (Joshua) = "Johanan" (Nehemiah 12:22, 23); see JEHOHANAN, (3).

(12) (Hebrew yonathan, Nehemiah 12:14): A priest.

(13) (Hebrew yonathan, Nehemiah 12:35): A priest, father of Zechariah.

(14) (Hebrew yehonathan, Jeremiah 37:15, 20; Jeremiah 38:26): A scribe in whose house Jeremiah was imprisoned.

(15) (Hebrew yonathan, Jeremiah 40:8): Son of Kareah; a Judahite captain who joined Gedaliah after the fall of Jerusalem.

(16) (Ionathes, 1 Maccabees 2:5; 13-Sep; and Inathan 2 Maccabees 8:22; Swete reads Ionathes): The Maccabee surnamed Apphus in 1 Maccabees 2:5, son of Mattathias.

(17) Son of Absalom (1 Maccabees 13:11). He was sent by Simon the Maccabee to capture Joppa (compare 1 Maccabees 11:70, where there is mentioned a Mattathias, son of Absalom).

(18) A priest who led in prayer at the first sacrifice after the return from exile (2 Maccabees 1:23).

David Francis Roberts

JONATHAN (2)

(yehonathan; also yonathan, "Yahweh has given"; Ionathan): The eldest son of Saul, the first king of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin.

1. Three Periods:

The life of Jonathan, as far as we are told about him, falls naturally into 3 periods.

(1) First Period.

He comes on the scene as the right hand and lieutenant of his father in his early struggles to beat off the hostile tribes, especially the Ammonites (1 Samuel 11), who beset the territory of Israel on all sides. As soon as Saul had gained his first decisive victory, the people rallied to him in great numbers, so that he was able to count upon 3,000 men whenever they took the field. These were divided into two small armies, Saul retaining 2,000 and making Michmash his headquarters, the rest being stationed at Gibeah under Jonathan, some 5 miles distant as the crow flies. Jonathan thus commanded the base, while his father led the fighting force. This position of comparative inactivity does not appear to have been much to the taste of Jonathan. Midway between the two camps was a Philistine outpost at Geba, facing Michmash across the pass of that name, a valley with steep sides, now the Wady Suweinit. Saul does not seem to have felt himself strong enough to commence hostilities against the Philistines, and took means to increase the forces at his disposal. The Philistines no sooner heard that the Israelites had cast off their yoke (1 Samuel 13:3 b: for "Let the Hebrews hear," read "The Hebrews have revolted," after the Septuagint), than they came out in great numbers (1 Samuel 13:5). They seem to have compelled Saul to evacuate Michmash, which they occupied, Saul falling back on Gibeah (1 Samuel 13:16) and Gilgal with a greatly reduced following (1 Samuel 13:3, 4 a seems to be a summary anticipation, in Hebrew style, of the events detailed in 1 Samuel 14). In spite of this, Jonathan, accompanied only by his armor-bearer, surprised the Philistine outpost at Geba (1 Samuel 14:5, "Gibeah" should be "Geba"), which was killed to a man. This feat precipitated a general engagement, in which the Israelites, whose only weapons appear to have been their farming implements (1 Samuel 13:20), Saul and Jonathan alone being armed with iron swords and spears, routed their enemies. The completeness of the victory was impaired by the superstitious action of Saul in refusing to allow the people to eat until the day was over (1 Samuel 14:24). As this order was unwittingly broken by Jonathan, Saul wished to have him executed; but this the people refused to allow, as they clearly recognized that the credit of the victory was due to the energetic action of Jonathan in striking before the enemy had time to concentrate. (In the Hebrew text there is some confusion between Gibeah and Geba; compare 1 Samuel 10:5 margin and 13:3.)

(2) Second Period.

The 2nd period of the life of Jonathan is that of his friendship for David. The narrative is too well known to need recapitulating, and the simple tale would only be spoiled by telling it in other words. Jonathan's devotion to David was such that he not only took his part against his father, Saul (1 Samuel 18; 1 Samuel 19), but was willing to surrender to him his undoubted claim to become Saul's successor (1 Samuel 20). Their last meeting took place in the "desert" of Ziph, to the South of Hebron, some time after David had been driven into outlawry (1 Samuel 23:16-18).

(3) Third Period.

The 3rd phase of Jonathan's life is that of the exile of David, when Saul was directing his energies to combat what he no doubt considered the rebellion of the son of Jesse. During this civil war, if that can be called war in which one of the two sides refuses to take the offensive against the other, Jonathan remained entirely passive. He could not take part in proceedings which were directed against his friend whom he believed to be destined to occupy the place which he himself should in the ordinary course of events have filled. We therefore hear no more of Jonathan until the encroachments of the Philistines once more compelled Saul to leave the pursuit of the lesser enemy in order to defend himself against the greater. Saul's last campaign against the Philistines was short and decisive: it ended in the defeat of Gilboa and the death of himself and his sons. The men of Jabesh-gilead, out of gratitude for Saul's rescue of their town at the beginning of his reign, crossed over to Beth-shan, on the walls of which town the Philistines had hung in chains the bodies of Saul and Jonathan, and took them down under cover of darkness and carried them to Jabesh. There they burned the bodies after the manner of the primitive inhabitants of the land, and buried the bones.

2. His Character:

If we may judge from the little which has been handed down to us concerning him, Jonathan must have been one of the finest spirits that ever lived. His character is, as far as our knowledge goes, nearly perfect. He was athletic and brave (1 Samuel 14:13 2 Samuel 1:22, 23).

3. Military Qualities:

He could keep his plans secret when secrecy was necessary in order to carry them to a successful issue (1 Samuel 14:1), and could decide on what course of action to follow and act upon it on the instant. His attack upon the Philistine garrison at Geba (or Gibeah, if we adopt the reading of the Septuagint and Targum of 1 Samuel 13:3; compare 10:5) was delivered at the right moment, and was as wise as it was daring. If he had a fault, from a military point of view, it may have been an inability to follow up an advantage. The pursuit of the Philistines on the occasion referred to ended with nightfall. In this respect, however, he perhaps cannot be censured with justice, as he never had an entirely free hand.

4. Filial Piety:

Jonathan's independence and capacity for acting on his own responsibility were combined with devotion to his father. While holding his own opinion and taking his own course, he conformed as far as possible to his father's views and wishes. While convinced of the high deserts of David, he sought by all means to mitigate Saul's hatred toward him, and up to a certain point he succeeded (1 Samuel 19:6). Filial duty could not have been more severely tested than was that of Jonathan, but his conduct toward both his father and his friend is above criticism. Only on one occasion did his anger get the better of him (1 Samuel 20:34) under gross provocation, Saul having impugned the honor of Jonathan's mother (1 Samuel 20:30, Septuagint) Ahinoam (1 Samuel 14:50), and attempted his life. The estrangement was momentary; Saul and Jonathan were undivided in life and in death (2 Samuel 1:23 to be so read).

5. Friendship for David:

But it is as the befriender of David that Jonathan will always be remembered. He is the type of the very perfect friend, as well as of the chivalrous knight, for all time. His devotion to David was altogether human; had it been dictated by a superstitious belief in David's destiny as the future ruler of his people (1 Samuel 23:17), that belief would have been shared by Saul, which was not the case (1 Samuel 20:31). In disinterestedness and willingness to efface his own claims and give up his own titles the conduct of Jonathan is unsurpassed, and presents a pleasing contrast to some of the characters with whom we meet in the Bible. In this respect he resembles `Ali, the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, who was the bravest of the brave, save when fighting in his own cause, and who had no ambition to fill the highest posts. So Jonathan preferred to serve rather than to command (1 Samuel 23:17). Jonathan and David stand for the highest ideal of Hebrew friendship, as do Damon and Pythias in Greek literature.

6. Inspired Affection:

We may be sure that Jonathan won the affection of the people. His squire was ready to follow him anywhere (1 Samuel 14:7). David's devotion to him seems to have been sincere, although it unfortunately coincided with his own self-interest. Jonathan appears to have inspired as great an affection as he himself felt (1 Samuel 20:41 2 Samuel 1:26). His quarrel with his father was largely due to the solicitude of the latter for his son's interests (1 Samuel 18:29; 1 Samuel 20:31).

7. His Descendants:

Jonathan's sons were, in common with his brother's, killed in the wars. One alone-Meribbaal (Mephibosheth)-survived. Jonathan's posterity through him lasted several generations. A table of them is given in 1 Chronicles 8:33; parallel 9:40; (compare 2 Samuel 9:12). They were famous soldiers and were, like their ancestors, distinguished in the use of the bow (1 Chronicles 8:40).

Thomas Hunter Weir

Strong's Hebrew

3129. Yonathan -- Jonathan
... 3128, 3129. Yonathan. 3130 . Jonathan. Transliteration: Yonathan Phonetic
Spelling: (yo-naw-thawn') Short Definition: Jonathan. ... Jonathan ...
/hebrew/3129.htm - 5k

1150. Bina -- a descendant of Jonathan
... Bina. 1151 . a descendant of Jonathan. Transliteration: Bina Phonetic Spelling:
(bin-aw') Short Definition: Binea. ... of Jonathan NASB Word Usage Binea (2). ...
/hebrew/1150.htm - 5k

682a. Atsel -- a descendant of Jonathan
... 682, 682a. Atsel. 682b . a descendant of Jonathan. Transliteration: Atsel Short
Definition: Azel. ... of Jonathan NASB Word Usage Azel (6). 682, 682a. ...
/hebrew/682a.htm - 5k

4807. Merib Baal -- perhaps "Baal is advocate," a son of Jonathan
... Merib Baal. 4808 . perhaps "Baal is advocate," a son of Jonathan. Transliteration:
Merib Baal Phonetic Spelling: (mer-eeb' bah'-al) Short Definition: Merib-baal ...
/hebrew/4807.htm - 6k

682. Atsel -- a descendant of Jonathan
... 681b, 682. Atsel. 682a . a descendant of Jonathan. Transliteration: Atsel Phonetic
Spelling: (aw-tsale') Short Definition: Azal. Azal, Azel ...
/hebrew/682.htm - 5k

3083. Yehonathan -- "the LORD has given," the name of a number of ...
... Transliteration: Yehonathan Phonetic Spelling: (yeh-ho-naw-thawn') Short Definition:
Jonathan. ... NASB Word Usage Jehonathan (2), Jonathan (120), Jonathan's (2). ...
/hebrew/3083.htm - 6k

Library

David and Jonathan.
... DAVID AND JONATHAN. Jonathan was the son of Saul, the king. ... Jonathan
sympathised deeply with his friend, and tried to save him. ...
/.../anonymous/mother stories from the old testament/david and jonathan.htm

Jonathan Mayhew.
... BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF THE FATHERS OF THE REFORMATION, FOUNDERS OF SECTS, AND
OF OTHER DISTINGUISHED INDIVIDUALS MENTIONED IN THIS VOLUME. Jonathan Mayhew. ...
//christianbookshelf.org/hayward/the book of religions/jonathan mayhew.htm

Jonathan, the Pattern of Friendship
... THE FIRST BOOK OF SAMUEL JONATHAN, THE PATTERN OF FRIENDSHIP. 'And David fled from
Naioth in Ramah, and came and said before Jonathan, What have I done? ...
/.../maclaren/expositions of holy scripture f/jonathan the pattern of friendship.htm

How Jonathan was Slain by Treachery; and How Thereupon the Jews ...
... CHAPTER 6. How Jonathan Was Slain By Treachery; And How Thereupon The Jews Made
Simon Their General And High Priest: What Courageous Actions He Also Performed ...
/.../josephus/the antiquities of the jews/chapter 6 how jonathan was.htm

David and Jonathan's Son
... THE SECOND BOOK OF SAMUEL DAVID AND JONATHAN'S SON. 'And David said, is
there yet any that is left of the house of Saul, that I may ...
/.../maclaren/expositions of holy scripture f/david and jonathans son.htm

How Jonathan Took the Government after his Brother Judas; And
... From The Death Of Judas Maccabeus To The Death Of Queen Alexandra. CHAPTER 1.
How Jonathan Took The Government After His Brother Judas; And. ...
/.../josephus/the antiquities of the jews/chapter 1 how jonathan took.htm

Now, as Soon as Jonathan and his Companions Heard of My Coming...
... Section 48. Now, as soon as Jonathan and his companions heard of my coming�
48. Now, as soon as Jonathan and his companions heard ...
/.../josephus/the life of flavius josephus/section 48 now as soon.htm

When I had Said This, Jonathan and his Colleagues Held their Peace ...
... Section 58. When I had said this, Jonathan and his colleagues held their
peace� 58. When I had said this, Jonathan and his colleagues ...
/.../josephus/the life of flavius josephus/section 58 when i had.htm

How Alexander Honored Jonathan after an Extraordinary Manner; and ...
... CHAPTER 4. How Alexander Honored Jonathan After An Extraordinary Manner; And How
Demetrius, The Son Of Demetrius, Overcame Alexander And Made A League Of ...
/.../josephus/the antiquities of the jews/chapter 4 how alexander honored.htm

Concerning Jonathan, one of the Sicarii, that Stirred up a ...
... CHAPTER 11. Concerning Jonathan, One Of The Sicarii, That Stirred Up A Sedition
In Cyrene, And Was A False Accuser [Of The Innocent]. ...
/.../chapter 11 concerning jonathan one.htm

Subtopics

Jonathan

Jonathan: A Levite of Bethlehem, Who Becomes a Priest for Micah

Jonathan: A Scribe

Jonathan: A Son of Jada

Jonathan: Also Called Johanan: A Descendant of Jeshua

Jonathan: Father of Ebed

Jonathan: Nephew of David, Kills a Giant, and Becomes One of David's Chief Warriors

Jonathan: One of David's Heroes

Jonathan: Secretary of the Cabinet of David

Jonathan: Son of Abiathar

Jonathan: Son of Abiathar: Acts As a Spy for David