This is the record
The phrase "This is the record" introduces the Gospel of Matthew with a formal declaration, indicating the importance of what follows. The Greek word used here is "βίβλος" (biblos), which can mean a book or a written account. This term sets the stage for a document of significant authority and historical importance, emphasizing the Gospel's role as a reliable account of Jesus' lineage and life. In the context of the ancient world, genealogies were crucial for establishing identity, heritage, and legitimacy, especially for Jewish audiences who valued ancestral records.

of the genealogy
The word "genealogy" comes from the Greek "γενέσεως" (geneseos), which is related to "genesis," meaning origin or birth. This term connects the Gospel of Matthew to the broader narrative of the Bible, echoing the Book of Genesis, which details the origins of the world and humanity. By beginning with a genealogy, Matthew underscores the continuity of God's plan from the Old Testament to the New Testament, highlighting Jesus as the fulfillment of God's promises to His people.

of Jesus Christ
"Jesus" is derived from the Hebrew name "Yeshua," meaning "Yahweh is salvation." "Christ" is the Greek "Χριστός" (Christos), meaning "Anointed One," equivalent to the Hebrew "Messiah." This dual title affirms Jesus' role as the Savior and the long-awaited Messiah, fulfilling the prophecies of the Old Testament. The use of both names together emphasizes His divine mission and His identity as the central figure in God's redemptive plan.

the son of David
The phrase "the son of David" is a messianic title, deeply rooted in Jewish expectation. It refers to the covenant God made with David in 2 Samuel 7:12-16, promising that David's throne would be established forever. By identifying Jesus as the son of David, Matthew asserts Jesus' rightful claim to the throne of Israel and His fulfillment of the Davidic Covenant. This connection would resonate with Jewish readers, affirming Jesus as the legitimate heir to David's legacy and the promised King.

the son of Abraham
"Son of Abraham" links Jesus to the patriarch of the Jewish people, emphasizing His Jewish heritage and the fulfillment of God's promises to Abraham. In Genesis 12:3, God promises Abraham that "all peoples on earth will be blessed through you." By tracing Jesus' lineage to Abraham, Matthew highlights Jesus as the fulfillment of this promise, the one through whom all nations would be blessed. This connection underscores the universal scope of Jesus' mission, extending God's covenant blessings to all humanity.

Abraham
Abraham, originally named Abram, is a central figure in the Bible, known as the "father of many nations" (Genesis 17:5). His name in Hebrew, אַבְרָהָם (Avraham), signifies "father of a multitude." Abraham's journey of faith began when God called him to leave his homeland and go to a land that He would show him (Genesis 12:1). His life is a testament to faith and obedience, as he trusted God's promises, even when they seemed impossible. Abraham's covenant with God established the foundation for the nation of Israel and the coming of the Messiah.

was the father of
The phrase "was the father of" in Greek is ἐγέννησεν (egennēsen), which means "begot" or "became the father of." This genealogical term is significant in biblical narratives, as it connects generations and highlights the fulfillment of God's promises through lineage. It emphasizes the continuity of God's plan through human history, showing that each generation plays a role in the unfolding of divine purposes.

Isaac
Isaac, whose name in Hebrew is יִצְחָק (Yitzchak), means "he will laugh" or "laughter," reflecting the joy and surprise of his birth to Abraham and Sarah in their old age (Genesis 21:6). Isaac is a patriarch of Israel and a symbol of God's faithfulness to His promises. His life, including the near-sacrifice on Mount Moriah, prefigures the sacrificial love of Christ and underscores themes of obedience and trust in God's provision.

Isaac the father of Jacob
Jacob, in Hebrew יַעֲקֹב (Ya'akov), means "he grasps the heel" or "supplanter." Jacob's life is marked by transformation and struggle, as he wrestles with God and men (Genesis 32:28). His account is one of redemption and the fulfillment of God's covenant, as he becomes Israel, the father of the twelve tribes. Jacob's journey from deception to becoming a patriarch reflects the transformative power of God's grace.

and Jacob the father of Judah
Judah, in Hebrew יְהוּדָה (Yehudah), means "praise." He is a significant figure in biblical history, as his lineage leads to King David and ultimately to Jesus Christ, the Lion of the tribe of Judah (Revelation 5:5). Judah's account includes moments of failure and redemption, illustrating God's ability to work through imperfect people to accomplish His divine purposes. His life is a testament to the themes of repentance and restoration.

and his brothers
The mention of "his brothers" highlights the twelve tribes of Israel, each descending from Jacob's sons. This phrase underscores the communal and covenantal nature of God's promises to Israel. The brothers' stories, filled with conflict and reconciliation, reflect the broader narrative of God's redemptive work through His chosen people. It serves as a reminder of the unity and diversity within the body of Christ, as believers are called to live in harmony and fulfill God's mission together.

Judah
Judah, the fourth son of Jacob and Leah, is a significant figure in biblical history. His name, derived from the Hebrew "Yehudah," means "praise." Judah's lineage is crucial as it leads to King David and ultimately to Jesus Christ, fulfilling the prophecy of the Messiah coming from the tribe of Judah (Genesis 49:10). Historically, Judah's leadership among his brothers and his role in the account of Joseph highlight his importance in the narrative of Israel.

was the father of
This phrase, in the genealogical context, signifies the continuation of a lineage. The Greek term "ἐγέννησεν" (egennēsen) is used, which means "begot" or "became the father of." It emphasizes the transmission of heritage and covenant promises through generations, underscoring God's faithfulness in preserving the line through which the Messiah would come.

Perez and Zerah
Perez and Zerah were twins born to Judah and Tamar. Their story, found in Genesis 38, is one of redemption and divine providence. Perez, whose name means "breach" or "bursting forth," is particularly significant as he continues the Messianic line. The inclusion of Zerah, whose name means "brightness," highlights the unexpected and often complex nature of God's plans, as Zerah's birth was marked by a surprising turn of events.

by Tamar
Tamar, a Canaanite woman, is one of the few women mentioned in Matthew's genealogy. Her account is one of courage and righteousness, as she ensured the continuation of Judah's line despite challenging circumstances. Her inclusion in the genealogy underscores God's grace and the breaking of cultural and social barriers, as well as the theme of redemption and the inclusion of Gentiles in God's plan.

Perez the father of Hezron
Perez's son, Hezron, continues the lineage leading to David and Jesus. The name Hezron means "enclosed" or "surrounded by a wall," suggesting protection and strength. This lineage reflects God's sovereign plan and the unfolding of His promises through generations, despite human frailty and sin.

and Hezron the father of Ram
Hezron's son, Ram, further extends the genealogical line. The name Ram means "exalted" or "high," indicating a position of honor. This continuation of the line highlights the faithfulness of God in preserving the lineage through which the Savior would come, fulfilling His covenant promises to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.

Ram was the father of Amminadab
The name "Ram" in Hebrew is רָם, which means "high" or "exalted." This name reflects a position of honor or distinction, which is fitting as Ram is part of the genealogy of Jesus Christ. The genealogies in the Bible serve to connect the promises of God through generations, showing His faithfulness. Ram's position in this lineage underscores the continuity of God's plan from Abraham to David, and ultimately to Jesus. Amminadab, whose name means "my kinsman is noble," continues this line of nobility and divine purpose. The genealogical record here is not just a list of names but a testament to God's sovereign orchestration of history.

Amminadab the father of Nahshon
Amminadab, as mentioned, means "my kinsman is noble," indicating a heritage of honor and leadership. Nahshon, whose name means "enchanter" or "oracle," was a significant figure in Israel's history. He was a leader of the tribe of Judah during the Exodus and played a crucial role in the wilderness journey. According to Jewish tradition, Nahshon was the first to step into the Red Sea, demonstrating faith and courage. This act of faith is emblematic of the spiritual leadership expected from the tribe of Judah, from which King David and ultimately Jesus would come. The mention of Nahshon in this genealogy highlights the importance of faith and leadership in God's redemptive plan.

Nahshon the father of Salmon
Salmon, whose name means "peaceable" or "clothed," is another link in the chain leading to the Messiah. The name suggests a person of tranquility and righteousness, qualities that are essential in the lineage of Christ. Salmon is traditionally believed to have married Rahab, the Canaanite woman who showed great faith in the God of Israel and was spared during the conquest of Jericho. This union is significant as it demonstrates God's grace and the inclusion of Gentiles into His covenant people. Salmon's place in the genealogy is a reminder of God's redemptive work through unexpected and diverse individuals, culminating in the birth of Jesus, the Prince of Peace.

Salmon
Salmon is a significant figure in the genealogy of Jesus, representing the continuity of God's promise through generations. His name, derived from the Hebrew "שַׂלְמוֹן" (Salmon), means "garment" or "clothing," symbolizing covering and protection. Salmon's inclusion in the genealogy highlights the divine orchestration of history, as he is traditionally believed to have been one of the spies sent by Joshua to Jericho, thus connecting him to the account of Rahab.

was the father of Boaz by Rahab
This phrase underscores the remarkable inclusion of Rahab, a Gentile and former prostitute, in the lineage of Christ. Rahab's story, found in Joshua 2, is one of redemption and faith. Her marriage to Salmon and their son Boaz exemplify God's grace and the breaking of cultural and social barriers. The Greek word "ἐκ" (ek) used here indicates origin, emphasizing that Boaz's lineage is directly through Rahab, showcasing God's ability to use unexpected people for His purposes.

Boaz
Boaz, whose name means "strength" in Hebrew, is a pivotal figure in the Book of Ruth. He is a kinsman-redeemer, a concept rooted in the Hebrew word "גָּאַל" (ga'al), meaning to redeem or act as a kinsman. Boaz's actions towards Ruth reflect Christ's redemptive work for humanity. His character is marked by integrity, compassion, and obedience to God's law, making him a type of Christ in the Old Testament.

the father of Obed by Ruth
Ruth, a Moabite woman, is another Gentile included in Jesus' genealogy, highlighting the universal scope of God's salvation plan. Her account is one of loyalty and faithfulness, as seen in the Book of Ruth. The Hebrew name "עֹבֵד" (Obed) means "servant" or "worshiper," indicating a life dedicated to God. Ruth's inclusion demonstrates God's providence and the breaking of ethnic boundaries, as she becomes the great-grandmother of King David.

Obed
Obed's role in the genealogy is crucial as he links the accounts of Boaz and Ruth to the lineage of David. His name, meaning "servant," reflects the biblical theme of servanthood as a path to greatness, a principle that Jesus Himself would later embody. Obed's life is a testament to God's faithfulness in fulfilling His promises through ordinary people.

the father of Jesse
Jesse, the father of King David, represents the culmination of God's promise to establish a royal lineage through which the Messiah would come. The Hebrew name "יִשַׁי" (Yishai) means "gift" or "God exists," signifying the divine gift of leadership and kingship bestowed upon his family. Jesse's mention in the genealogy points to the Davidic covenant and the anticipation of a future King who would reign eternally.

and Jesse the father of David the king
Jesse
The name Jesse is derived from the Hebrew "Yishai," meaning "gift" or "God exists." Jesse was a Bethlehemite, a man of humble origins, yet chosen by God to be the progenitor of the royal line of Israel. His role as the father of David highlights the divine orchestration in the lineage of Jesus, emphasizing that God often chooses the unlikely to fulfill His purposes.

the father of David
David, whose name means "beloved," is a central figure in the Old Testament. As the youngest son of Jesse, David was anointed by the prophet Samuel to be king over Israel. His life is a testament to God's grace and sovereignty, as he rose from shepherd boy to king. David's heart for God, despite his imperfections, made him a man after God's own heart, setting a precedent for the coming Messiah.

the king
The title "king" signifies David's role as the second king of Israel, chosen by God to lead His people. David's kingship is marked by his military conquests, establishment of Jerusalem as the capital, and his deep devotion to God. His reign is seen as a foreshadowing of the eternal kingship of Jesus Christ, who is often referred to as the "Son of David."

Next David was the father of Solomon by Uriah’s wife
David was the father of Solomon
Solomon, whose name means "peace," was the son of David and Bathsheba. His birth is a account of redemption, as it follows the sin and repentance of David. Solomon's wisdom and wealth are legendary, and he is credited with building the first Temple in Jerusalem. His reign represents a time of peace and prosperity, yet also serves as a reminder of the need for faithfulness to God.

by Uriah’s wife
This phrase refers to Bathsheba, highlighting the complex and morally challenging circumstances of Solomon's birth. Uriah was a Hittite and a loyal soldier in David's army, and his wife Bathsheba became involved with David in a scandalous affair. The inclusion of this detail in the genealogy underscores the themes of grace and redemption, as God works through human frailty to bring about His divine plan. It serves as a powerful reminder that God's purposes are not thwarted by human sin, and that He can bring good out of even the most difficult situations.

Solomon the father of Rehoboam
Solomon, whose name in Hebrew is "Shlomo," meaning "peace," was the son of King David and Bathsheba. His reign is often seen as the pinnacle of Israel's united monarchy, marked by wisdom, wealth, and the building of the First Temple in Jerusalem. Solomon's legacy is complex; while he is celebrated for his wisdom, his later years were marred by idolatry and political alliances that led to spiritual decline. Rehoboam, Solomon's son, inherited the throne but lacked his father's wisdom, leading to the division of the kingdom. This transition from Solomon to Rehoboam highlights the importance of spiritual fidelity and the consequences of turning away from God's commandments.

Rehoboam the father of Abijah
Rehoboam, whose name means "he enlarges the people," was the first king of the southern kingdom of Judah after the division of Israel. His reign was marked by conflict and strife, particularly with the northern kingdom of Israel. The historical context of Rehoboam's reign is crucial, as it represents a period of significant change and division within the Israelite nation. Abijah, Rehoboam's son, continued his father's legacy, but his reign was also characterized by warfare and a struggle for power. This lineage serves as a reminder of the importance of seeking God's guidance in leadership and the dangers of pride and division.

Abijah the father of Asa
Abijah, also known as Abijam, means "my father is Yahweh," reflecting a heritage of faith despite the political turmoil of his time. His reign was short, but he is noted for a significant victory over Jeroboam, the king of Israel, which is attributed to his reliance on God. Asa, his son, is remembered as a reformer who sought to return Judah to the worship of Yahweh. Asa's efforts to remove idolatry and restore the covenant with God highlight the theme of renewal and repentance. This transition from Abijah to Asa underscores the potential for spiritual revival and the impact of faithful leadership in turning a nation back to God.

Asa
Asa was a king of Judah, known for his faithfulness to God and his efforts to rid the land of idolatry. The name "Asa" in Hebrew means "physician" or "healer," which is fitting given his role in spiritually healing Judah by removing pagan altars and high places. Asa's reign is a reminder of the importance of spiritual leadership and the impact of righteous governance. His story, found in 1 Kings 15 and 2 Chronicles 14-16, highlights the blessings of obedience to God and the dangers of relying on human strength over divine guidance.

the father of Jehoshaphat
Jehoshaphat, Asa's son, continued his father's legacy of faithfulness. His name means "Yahweh has judged," reflecting his commitment to divine justice and righteousness. Jehoshaphat is noted for his judicial reforms and efforts to educate the people in God's laws, as seen in 2 Chronicles 17. His reign exemplifies the importance of seeking God's guidance in leadership and the power of prayer, as demonstrated in his victory over a vast enemy coalition through divine intervention (2 Chronicles 20).

Jehoshaphat the father of Joram
Joram, also known as Jehoram, was a king whose reign marked a departure from the faithfulness of his predecessors. His name means "Yahweh is exalted," yet his actions often contradicted this meaning. Joram's marriage to Athaliah, the daughter of Ahab and Jezebel, led to the introduction of Baal worship in Judah, as recorded in 2 Kings 8. His reign serves as a cautionary tale about the influence of ungodly alliances and the consequences of turning away from God.

Joram the father of Uzziah
Uzziah, also known as Azariah, was a king who initially followed God and experienced great success. His name means "Yahweh is my strength," which is evident in his military victories and the prosperity of Judah during his reign. However, Uzziah's pride led to his downfall when he unlawfully entered the temple to burn incense, resulting in leprosy (2 Chronicles 26). His life illustrates the dangers of pride and the importance of humility before God, reminding us that true strength comes from reliance on the Lord.

Uzziah
Uzziah, also known as Azariah, was a king of Judah who reigned for 52 years. His name means "Yahweh is my strength," reflecting a reliance on God. Uzziah's reign was marked by prosperity and military success, but his pride led to his downfall when he unlawfully entered the temple to burn incense, resulting in leprosy. This serves as a reminder of the importance of humility and obedience to God's commands.

was the father of
This phrase indicates the genealogical lineage, emphasizing the continuity of God's covenant promises through generations. In Hebrew culture, genealogy was crucial for establishing identity, inheritance, and fulfilling prophecies. It underscores God's faithfulness in preserving the line of David, through which the Messiah would come.

Jotham
Jotham, meaning "Yahweh is perfect," was a king of Judah known for his righteous reign. He continued the reforms of his father, Uzziah, and maintained a strong relationship with God. Jotham's reign is a testament to the blessings that come from walking in obedience to God's laws and the impact of godly leadership on a nation.

Jotham the father of Ahaz
This phrase highlights the transition from a righteous king to one who did not follow in his father's footsteps. Ahaz's reign was marked by idolatry and alliances with foreign powers, leading to spiritual and political decline. This serves as a cautionary tale about the consequences of turning away from God and the importance of maintaining faithfulness across generations.

Ahaz
Ahaz, whose name means "he has grasped," was a king of Judah known for his unfaithfulness to God. He introduced idol worship and even sacrificed his own son, reflecting the depths of his apostasy. Despite his failures, God's promise to David's line remained unbroken, illustrating God's grace and the hope of redemption even amidst human failure.

and Ahaz the father of Hezekiah
This phrase marks a significant turning point in the genealogy. Hezekiah, unlike his father, was a reformer who sought to restore true worship in Judah. His reign was characterized by a return to God, the destruction of idols, and a reliance on divine guidance. Hezekiah's account is one of repentance and renewal, demonstrating that it is never too late to return to God and seek His favor.

Hezekiah
Hezekiah, meaning "Yahweh strengthens," was a king of Judah renowned for his faithfulness and reforms. He trusted in God during times of crisis, such as the Assyrian invasion, and was rewarded with miraculous deliverance. Hezekiah's life exemplifies the power of prayer, the importance of seeking God's will, and the blessings that come from wholehearted devotion to the Lord. His inclusion in the genealogy of Jesus highlights the hope and redemption available through faith in God.

Hezekiah
Hezekiah, whose name means "Yahweh strengthens," was a king of Judah known for his faithfulness to God and his efforts to restore the worship of Yahweh. His reign is marked by significant religious reforms, including the destruction of idols and the restoration of the temple. Hezekiah's life is a testament to the power of righteous leadership and the blessings that follow obedience to God. His account encourages believers to trust in God's strength and to lead with integrity.

was the father of
This phrase indicates the genealogical lineage, emphasizing the importance of family heritage in the biblical narrative. In the context of Matthew's genealogy, it underscores the fulfillment of God's promises through generations. The continuity of faith and God's covenantal relationship with His people is highlighted, reminding us of the divine plan unfolding through history.

Manasseh
Manasseh, whose name means "causing to forget," was a king of Judah known for his initial departure from his father's righteous ways. His reign was marked by idolatry and evil practices, yet his account is also one of repentance and redemption. Manasseh's life illustrates the profound mercy of God and the possibility of transformation, even for those who have strayed far from Him. It serves as a powerful reminder of the hope and forgiveness available to all who turn back to God.

Manasseh the father of
This repetition of the genealogical phrase reinforces the continuity of God's plan through successive generations. It highlights the importance of legacy and the impact of one's life on future descendants. The inclusion of both righteous and unrighteous kings in the genealogy demonstrates God's sovereignty and His ability to work through all circumstances to fulfill His purposes.

Amon
Amon, whose name means "faithful" or "trustworthy," was a king of Judah who followed in the sinful footsteps of his father Manasseh's early reign. His short reign was characterized by idolatry and a lack of faithfulness to God. Amon's life serves as a cautionary tale about the consequences of turning away from God and the importance of maintaining a steadfast commitment to Him.

Amon the father of
This phrase continues the genealogical record, emphasizing the unbroken line leading to the Messiah. It serves as a reminder that God's purposes are not thwarted by human failure. Despite Amon's unfaithfulness, God's plan continued through his lineage, demonstrating His grace and sovereignty.

Josiah
Josiah, whose name means "Yahweh supports," was a king of Judah known for his remarkable reforms and return to the worship of Yahweh. His reign was marked by a rediscovery of the Law and a passionate commitment to following God's commands. Josiah's life exemplifies the power of revival and the impact of godly leadership. His account inspires believers to seek God's truth and to lead others in righteousness, trusting in God's support and guidance.

and Josiah
Josiah was a king of Judah known for his religious reforms and efforts to restore the worship of Yahweh. His reign is detailed in 2 Kings 22-23 and 2 Chronicles 34-35. Josiah's name in Hebrew, יֹאשִׁיָּהוּ (Yoshiyahu), means "Yahweh supports" or "Yahweh heals." His commitment to God is evident in his actions to rid Judah of idolatry and restore the temple. Josiah's reign is often seen as a bright spot in the history of Judah, a time when the nation returned to the covenant with God, albeit briefly.

the father of Jeconiah
Jeconiah, also known as Jehoiachin, was the son of Jehoiakim and the king of Judah who reigned for a short period before being taken into Babylonian captivity. His name in Hebrew, יְכָנְיָה (Yekonyah), means "Yahweh will establish." Despite his brief reign, Jeconiah's significance in the genealogy of Jesus highlights God's sovereignty and faithfulness in preserving the Davidic line, even through exile and judgment. His life serves as a reminder of the consequences of disobedience but also of God's unending grace and purpose.

and his brothers
This phrase refers to the siblings of Jeconiah, who were part of the royal family during a tumultuous period in Judah's history. The mention of "his brothers" emphasizes the collective experience of the royal family and the nation during the Babylonian exile. It underscores the shared suffering and the communal aspect of Israel's history, reminding us that God's dealings often involve entire communities and not just individuals.

at the time of the exile to Babylon
The Babylonian exile was a pivotal event in Jewish history, marking the end of the Davidic kingdom and the beginning of a period of captivity and dispersion. This phrase situates the genealogy within a historical context of judgment and hope. The exile, while a consequence of Israel's unfaithfulness, also set the stage for a future restoration and the coming of the Messiah. It serves as a powerful reminder of God's redemptive plan, which often works through human history's darkest moments to bring about His purposes. The exile to Babylon is a testament to God's justice and mercy, as He disciplines His people but also promises to restore them.

After the exile to Babylon
This phrase marks a significant turning point in Jewish history. The Babylonian exile, which occurred in 586 BC, was a period of profound loss and transformation for the Israelites. The Hebrew term for exile, "galut," implies not just physical displacement but also a spiritual and cultural dislocation. The exile was a divine judgment for the Israelites' persistent idolatry and disobedience, as prophesied by Jeremiah and other prophets. However, it also became a time of reflection and renewal, leading to a deeper understanding of God's covenant and the eventual return to Jerusalem under Persian rule.

Jeconiah
Also known as Jehoiachin, Jeconiah was a king of Judah who reigned for a brief period before being taken captive by Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon. His name in Hebrew, "Yekonyah," means "Yahweh will establish," which is ironic given his downfall. Despite his captivity, Jeconiah's lineage continued, as evidenced by his mention in the genealogy of Jesus. This highlights God's faithfulness in preserving the Davidic line, even through apparent failure and judgment.

was the father of Shealtiel
The phrase indicates the continuation of the Davidic line through Jeconiah's son, Shealtiel. The name Shealtiel means "I have asked of God" in Hebrew, suggesting a sense of hope and divine intervention. Although the historical records of Shealtiel's life are sparse, his inclusion in the genealogy underscores the importance of each link in the chain leading to the Messiah. It serves as a reminder that God's plans often unfold through ordinary, seemingly insignificant individuals.

and Shealtiel the father of Zerubbabel
Zerubbabel is a pivotal figure in the post-exilic period. His name means "seed of Babylon," reflecting his birth during the exile. As a leader of the first group of Jews returning to Jerusalem, Zerubbabel played a crucial role in rebuilding the temple, as recorded in the books of Ezra and Haggai. His leadership symbolizes the restoration of worship and the renewal of the covenant relationship with God. Zerubbabel's presence in the genealogy of Jesus highlights the theme of redemption and the fulfillment of God's promises, as he is seen as a type of Christ, foreshadowing the ultimate restoration brought by Jesus.

Zerubbabel
Zerubbabel is a significant figure in Jewish history, known for his leadership in the rebuilding of the temple in Jerusalem after the Babylonian exile. His name means "seed of Babylon," reflecting his birth during the exile. Zerubbabel's role as a leader and governor under the Persian king Darius highlights God's providence in using foreign powers to fulfill His promises to Israel. His inclusion in the genealogy of Jesus underscores the continuity of God's redemptive plan from the Old Testament to the New Testament.

was the father of
This phrase, repeated throughout the genealogy, emphasizes the importance of lineage and heritage in Jewish culture. It signifies not only biological descent but also the transmission of faith and covenant promises from one generation to the next. In the context of Matthew's Gospel, it underscores the fulfillment of God's promises through the line of David, leading to the birth of Jesus Christ.

Abihud
Abihud is a relatively obscure figure, with little known about him outside of genealogical records. His name means "my father is majesty," which can be seen as a reflection of the divine majesty and sovereignty that guides the lineage leading to Christ. The inclusion of lesser-known figures like Abihud in the genealogy highlights the idea that God's plan often involves ordinary people playing roles in His extraordinary purposes.

the father of Eliakim
Eliakim, whose name means "God will establish," serves as a reminder of God's faithfulness in establishing His covenant and promises. The name itself is a testament to the hope and assurance that God is actively involved in the unfolding of history, ensuring that His purposes are accomplished. Eliakim's place in the genealogy points to the divine orchestration of events leading to the coming of the Messiah.

and Eliakim the father of Azor
Azor, like Abihud, is another figure about whom little is known. His name means "helper," which can be seen as a symbolic representation of God's help and guidance throughout the generations. The presence of such figures in the genealogy serves to remind us that every person, regardless of their prominence or obscurity, has a role in God's grand narrative. It also reflects the theme of divine assistance and providence that runs throughout the biblical story.

Azor
Azor is a name that appears in the genealogy of Jesus Christ, as recorded in the Gospel of Matthew. The name Azor is of Hebrew origin, possibly derived from the root word "azar," meaning "to help" or "to support." This reflects a common theme in biblical genealogies, where names often carry significant meanings or reflect the character or destiny of the individual. Azor's inclusion in the genealogy highlights the continuity of God's plan through generations, emphasizing that each person, regardless of their prominence in biblical narratives, plays a role in the unfolding of divine history.

was the father of
This phrase is a common genealogical term used throughout the Bible, indicating lineage and descent. In the context of Matthew's genealogy, it serves to connect the generations leading to Jesus, underscoring the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies regarding the Messiah's lineage. The phrase "was the father of" not only establishes biological descent but also signifies the transmission of covenantal promises and blessings from one generation to the next. It reminds readers of the faithfulness of God in preserving the line through which the Savior would come.

Zadok
Zadok is another name in the genealogy of Jesus, and it carries significant historical and religious connotations. The name Zadok is of Hebrew origin, meaning "righteous" or "just." In the Old Testament, Zadok was a prominent priest during the reigns of David and Solomon, known for his loyalty and righteousness. Although the Zadok in Matthew's genealogy is not the same individual, the name evokes the legacy of faithfulness and integrity. It serves as a reminder of the importance of righteousness in the lineage of Christ and the fulfillment of God's promises through a line of faithful individuals.

Zadok was the father of
This repetition of the genealogical phrase reinforces the continuity and progression of the lineage. It emphasizes the importance of each link in the chain leading to the birth of Jesus. The phrase also highlights the role of divine providence in guiding history and ensuring the fulfillment of God's redemptive plan. Each generation, represented by the phrase "was the father of," contributes to the unfolding account of salvation, demonstrating that God's purposes are accomplished through the lives of ordinary people.

Achim
Achim is another name listed in the genealogy of Jesus. The name is of Hebrew origin, possibly derived from "achim," meaning "brothers" or "kinsmen." This name, like others in the genealogy, may not be well-known or prominent in biblical narratives, yet its inclusion signifies the interconnectedness of God's people and the communal aspect of the covenant. Achim's presence in the genealogy underscores the theme of unity and solidarity among the people of God, as well as the collective anticipation of the Messiah's coming.

Achim was the father of
Once again, this phrase serves to connect the generations and maintain the flow of the genealogy. It highlights the continuity of God's promises and the unfolding of His plan through successive generations. The repetition of this phrase throughout the genealogy emphasizes the reliability and faithfulness of God in preserving the line through which the Savior would come. It also serves as a reminder that each individual, regardless of their prominence in history, plays a vital role in the divine narrative.

Elihud
Elihud is the final name in this verse, contributing to the genealogy of Jesus. The name Elihud is of Hebrew origin, possibly meaning "God is majestic" or "God is my praise." This name reflects the acknowledgment of God's sovereignty and majesty, themes that are central to the biblical narrative. Elihud's inclusion in the genealogy serves as a reminder of the ultimate purpose of the lineage: to bring forth the One who would reveal God's majesty and offer praise through His life, death, and resurrection. The genealogy, culminating in Jesus, is a testament to God's majestic plan of redemption and the fulfillment of His promises.

Eliud
The name "Eliud" is of Hebrew origin, meaning "God is my praise." This name reflects a deep-seated tradition in Jewish culture where names often carried significant spiritual meanings. Eliud's place in the genealogy of Jesus highlights the continuity of God's plan through generations. It serves as a reminder of the faithfulness of God in fulfilling His promises, as each name in the genealogy represents a link in the chain leading to the Messiah.

was the father of
This phrase, in the original Greek, is "ἐγέννησεν" (egennēsen), which means "begat" or "became the father of." It signifies not just biological parentage but also the passing down of heritage, faith, and covenant promises. In the context of Matthew's genealogy, it underscores the divine orchestration of history, where each generation plays a role in the unfolding of God's redemptive plan.

Eleazar
The name "Eleazar" means "God has helped" in Hebrew. This name is a testament to the providence and assistance of God throughout the lives of His people. In the genealogy, Eleazar represents another link in the lineage of Jesus, emphasizing that God's help and guidance were present in every generation leading to the birth of Christ.

the father of Matthan
The continuation of the genealogical line through Matthan, whose name means "gift" in Hebrew, suggests the idea of divine blessing and favor. Each generation is seen as a gift from God, contributing to the fulfillment of His promises. Matthan's inclusion in the genealogy serves as a reminder of the grace and generosity of God in providing a Savior.

Matthan the father of Jacob
The name "Jacob" is significant in biblical history, originally belonging to the patriarch who was later named Israel. In this context, Jacob represents the culmination of a long line of faithful individuals who were part of God's covenant people. The mention of Jacob in the genealogy of Jesus ties the New Testament narrative back to the foundational accounts of the Old Testament, reinforcing the continuity of God's salvation history.

and Jacob the father of Joseph
This phrase situates Joseph within the genealogical line of David, fulfilling the Old Testament prophecies that the Messiah would come from David's lineage (2 Samuel 7:12-16). The name "Jacob" is significant, as it connects Joseph to the patriarch Jacob, also known as Israel, emphasizing the continuity of God's covenant with His people. The Greek word for "father" here is "γεννήσας" (gennēsas), which means "to beget" or "to become the father of," indicating a direct paternal lineage.

the husband of Mary
This phrase highlights Joseph's role as the legal guardian and protector of Mary, who was chosen by God to bear His Son. The Greek word for "husband" is "ἄνδρα" (andra), which underscores the marital relationship and Joseph's righteous character, as he accepted Mary despite the unusual circumstances of her pregnancy. This reflects Joseph's obedience and faithfulness to God's plan.

of whom was born Jesus
The phrase "of whom" is translated from the Greek "ἐξ ἧς" (ex hēs), which is feminine singular, indicating that Jesus was born of Mary alone, emphasizing the virgin birth. This miraculous event fulfills the prophecy of Isaiah 7:14, which foretold that a virgin would conceive and bear a son. The name "Jesus" is derived from the Hebrew "Yeshua," meaning "Yahweh is salvation," signifying His mission to save humanity from sin.

who is called Christ
The title "Christ" comes from the Greek "Χριστός" (Christos), meaning "Anointed One," equivalent to the Hebrew "Messiah." This designation affirms Jesus' divine mission and His fulfillment of the messianic prophecies throughout the Old Testament. By being "called Christ," Jesus is recognized as the long-awaited Savior and King, anointed by God to bring redemption and establish His eternal kingdom.

In all, then, there were fourteen generations
The phrase "fourteen generations" is significant in the Jewish tradition, as numbers often hold symbolic meaning. The number fourteen is twice seven, and seven is a number of completeness and perfection in the Bible, often associated with God's creation and covenant. The repetition of "fourteen generations" emphasizes the divine orchestration and fulfillment of God's promises through history. The Greek word for "generations" (γενεαί, geneai) can also imply a lineage or a period, underscoring the continuity and faithfulness of God's plan from Abraham to Christ.

from Abraham to David
Abraham and David are pivotal figures in Jewish history. Abraham is the patriarch with whom God made a covenant, promising that all nations would be blessed through his descendants (Genesis 12:3). David, the shepherd-king, represents the establishment of a royal lineage and the promise of an eternal kingdom (2 Samuel 7:16). The phrase highlights the fulfillment of God's covenantal promises through these key figures, bridging the patriarchal and monarchical eras of Israel's history.

fourteen from David to the exile in Babylon
This period marks the transition from the height of Israel's monarchy to its lowest point, the Babylonian exile. The exile was a time of judgment and reflection for Israel, as they faced the consequences of their disobedience to God. The phrase "exile in Babylon" (ἐξορία Βαβυλῶνος, exoria Babylōnos) serves as a reminder of God's justice but also His mercy, as He promised restoration and return. The fourteen generations here signify a complete cycle of judgment and hope, leading to the anticipation of redemption.

fourteen from the exile to the Christ
The final set of fourteen generations culminates in the arrival of "the Christ" (ὁ Χριστός, ho Christos), the Anointed One, fulfilling the messianic prophecies and expectations of the Old Testament. This phrase encapsulates the hope and fulfillment of God's redemptive plan through Jesus, the Messiah. The use of "Christ" rather than "Jesus" emphasizes His divine mission and role as the Savior, the ultimate fulfillment of the promises made to Abraham and David.

This is how
The phrase "This is how" introduces the narrative with a sense of purpose and clarity. It signals the beginning of a divine account that is not just historical but also theological. The Greek word used here, "houtōs," implies a manner or way, indicating that what follows is a divinely orchestrated event, setting the stage for the miraculous birth of Jesus Christ.

the birth of Jesus Christ
The term "birth" in Greek is "gennēsis," which can also mean "origin" or "beginning." This emphasizes not just the physical birth but the inception of Jesus' earthly mission. "Jesus" is derived from the Hebrew "Yeshua," meaning "Yahweh is salvation," and "Christ" from the Greek "Christos," meaning "Anointed One." This highlights Jesus' role as the Savior and the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies regarding the Messiah.

came about
The phrase "came about" suggests a process or unfolding of events. In the Greek, "ginomai" is used, which means "to become" or "to happen." This indicates that the birth of Jesus was not a random occurrence but a fulfillment of God's sovereign plan, meticulously orchestrated in history.

His mother Mary
"Mary" is a name of Hebrew origin, "Miryam," which can mean "beloved" or "bitter." Her role as the mother of Jesus is central to the narrative, and her character is often seen as one of humility and obedience. The mention of "His mother" underscores the human aspect of Jesus' incarnation, emphasizing that He was born of a woman, fully human yet fully divine.

was pledged to be married to Joseph
The phrase "pledged to be married" refers to the Jewish betrothal process, which was more binding than modern engagements. The Greek word "mnēsteuō" indicates a formal agreement, often lasting a year, during which the couple was legally bound but did not live together. Joseph, a descendant of David, plays a crucial role in fulfilling the Messianic prophecies concerning Jesus' lineage.

but before they came together
This phrase highlights the virgin birth, a cornerstone of Christian doctrine. "Came together" in Greek is "synerchomai," meaning to unite or come together physically. The emphasis here is on the miraculous nature of Jesus' conception, affirming the belief that Mary was a virgin when she conceived Jesus, fulfilling Isaiah 7:14.

she was found to be with child
The phrase "found to be with child" indicates the discovery of Mary's pregnancy. The Greek word "heuriskō" means to find or discover, suggesting that this was a revelation to Joseph and others. This discovery would have been shocking and potentially scandalous, yet it was part of God's divine plan.

through the Holy Spirit
The phrase "through the Holy Spirit" is crucial, as it attributes Jesus' conception to divine intervention. The Greek "dia" (through) and "pneuma hagion" (Holy Spirit) emphasize the supernatural aspect of Jesus' birth. This affirms the doctrine of the Trinity and the belief that Jesus is both fully God and fully man, conceived by the Holy Spirit, setting the stage for His redemptive work on earth.

Joseph her husband
The phrase highlights Joseph's legal and social status as Mary's betrothed, which in Jewish culture was as binding as marriage itself. The Greek word for "husband" here is "ἀνήρ" (anēr), indicating a man of mature age and responsibility. Joseph's role as Mary's husband is crucial, as it establishes Jesus' legal lineage to the house of David, fulfilling Old Testament prophecies about the Messiah's descent.

was a righteous man
The term "righteous" is translated from the Greek word "δίκαιος" (dikaios), which means just, upright, or virtuous. In the Jewish context, a righteous man was one who adhered to the Law of Moses and lived a life pleasing to God. Joseph's righteousness is not merely legalistic but reflects a deep moral integrity and compassion, setting the stage for his merciful actions towards Mary.

and unwilling to disgrace her publicly
This phrase reveals Joseph's compassionate character. The Greek word for "disgrace" is "δειγματίζω" (deigmatizō), meaning to make a public example of someone. Joseph's unwillingness to expose Mary to public shame demonstrates his love and respect for her, as well as his desire to protect her dignity, even when he believed she had been unfaithful.

he resolved to divorce her quietly
The decision to "divorce her quietly" shows Joseph's merciful nature. The Greek word for "divorce" is "ἀπολύω" (apolyō), which means to release or send away. In Jewish law, a formal public divorce could have led to severe consequences for Mary, including social ostracism or even stoning. Joseph's choice to handle the matter discreetly reflects his desire to act justly while minimizing harm, embodying the balance of justice and mercy that is central to Christian ethics.

But after he had pondered these things
This phrase indicates a period of contemplation and internal struggle for Joseph. The Greek word for "pondered" (ἐνθυμηθέντος) suggests deep reflection and consideration. Joseph, a righteous man, was weighing the societal implications and personal emotions regarding Mary's pregnancy. This moment of pondering is crucial, as it shows Joseph's humanity and his desire to act justly, even before divine intervention.

an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream
The appearance of an angel signifies divine intervention and guidance. In the Jewish tradition, dreams were often seen as a medium through which God communicated with His people. The Greek word for "angel" (ἄγγελος) means "messenger," emphasizing that this was a direct message from God. The angel's appearance in a dream underscores the supernatural nature of the message and the importance of the revelation Joseph was about to receive.

and said, 'Joseph, son of David
Addressing Joseph as "son of David" is significant, as it establishes his legal lineage to King David, fulfilling the Messianic prophecy that the Messiah would come from David's line (2 Samuel 7:12-16). This title not only affirms Joseph's heritage but also highlights the divine plan unfolding through him. It reassures Joseph of his role in God's redemptive history.

do not be afraid to embrace Mary as your wife
The angel's command to "not be afraid" (μὴ φοβηθῇς) is a common biblical exhortation, often given when God calls someone to a significant task. Joseph's fear likely stemmed from societal judgment and personal uncertainty. The instruction to "embrace" (παραλαβεῖν) Mary as his wife is a call to accept and protect her, affirming her dignity and the divine nature of her pregnancy.

for the One conceived in her is from the Holy Spirit
This phrase reveals the divine origin of Jesus' conception. The Greek word for "conceived" (γεννηθὲν) indicates a miraculous birth, not of human origin. The Holy Spirit's involvement underscores the Trinitarian nature of God and the miraculous intervention in human history. This divine conception fulfills the prophecy of Isaiah 7:14, affirming Jesus as Immanuel, "God with us." This revelation would have provided Joseph with the assurance and courage needed to proceed with God's plan.

She will give birth to a Son
This phrase highlights the miraculous nature of the virgin birth, fulfilling the prophecy of Isaiah 7:14. The Greek word for "give birth" is "tíktō," emphasizing the natural process of childbirth, yet in this context, it underscores the supernatural intervention of God. The birth of a "Son" signifies the incarnation of God in human form, a central tenet of Christian faith, affirming both the humanity and divinity of Jesus.

and you are to give Him the name Jesus
The instruction to name the child "Jesus" is significant. The name "Jesus" is derived from the Hebrew "Yeshua," meaning "Yahweh is salvation" or "The Lord saves." This name was divinely appointed, indicating His mission and purpose. In the Jewish tradition, names were often prophetic, revealing the character or destiny of the individual. Thus, the name "Jesus" encapsulates His role as the Savior.

because He will save His people from their sins
This phrase is the crux of the verse, revealing the purpose of Jesus' coming. The Greek word for "save" is "sōzō," which means to rescue or deliver. This salvation is not merely physical or political, as some Jews expected of the Messiah, but spiritual, addressing the root problem of sin. "His people" initially refers to the Jews, God's chosen people, but by extension, it includes all who believe in Him, as the New Testament unfolds. The phrase "from their sins" indicates the comprehensive nature of Jesus' salvation, offering forgiveness and reconciliation with God. This mission fulfills the Old Testament prophecies and covenants, establishing Jesus as the ultimate sacrificial Lamb, whose death and resurrection provide the means for eternal life.

All this took place
This phrase indicates the divine orchestration of events. The Greek word for "took place" is "γέγονεν" (gegonen), which implies that these events were not random but were part of a divine plan. In the context of Matthew 1, this refers to the miraculous conception of Jesus Christ. The phrase underscores the sovereignty of God in history, affirming that the birth of Jesus was a fulfillment of divine prophecy and not merely a human occurrence.

to fulfill
The Greek word used here is "πληρωθῇ" (plērōthē), meaning to complete or bring to full measure. This word is significant in Matthew's Gospel, as it often highlights the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies. The use of "fulfill" emphasizes that Jesus' birth was the culmination of God's promises to Israel, demonstrating the continuity and faithfulness of God’s plan from the Old Testament to the New Testament.

what the Lord had said
This phrase points to the divine origin of the prophecy. The Greek term "εἶπεν" (eipen) is used for "said," indicating a direct communication from God. This underscores the authority and reliability of the Scriptures, as they are not merely human words but the words of the Lord. It reflects the belief that the Bible is divinely inspired and authoritative in matters of faith and practice.

through the prophet
The term "διὰ τοῦ προφήτου" (dia tou prophētou) indicates the means by which God communicated His message. Prophets in the Old Testament were chosen vessels through whom God revealed His will. This phrase highlights the role of prophecy in God’s redemptive history, serving as a bridge between the Old and New Testaments. It also affirms the prophetic office as a legitimate and divinely appointed means of revelation, reinforcing the trustworthiness of the prophetic message concerning the Messiah.

Behold
The word "Behold" is a call to attention, urging the reader or listener to pay close attention to what follows. In the Greek, the word is "ἰδού" (idou), which serves as an imperative to observe something significant. This word is often used in Scripture to introduce a divine revelation or a moment of great importance. It sets the stage for the miraculous announcement that follows, inviting us to witness the fulfillment of prophecy and the unfolding of God's redemptive plan.

the virgin
The term "virgin" is translated from the Greek word "παρθένος" (parthenos), which specifically denotes a young woman who has not engaged in sexual relations. This is a direct reference to the prophecy in Isaiah 7:14, which foretold the miraculous birth of the Messiah. The use of "virgin" underscores the supernatural nature of Jesus' conception, affirming the divine intervention in His birth and highlighting the purity and holiness of the event.

will conceive
The phrase "will conceive" comes from the Greek "ἔχει ἐν γαστρὶ" (echei en gastri), meaning to have in the womb. This indicates the miraculous nature of the conception, as it is not through natural means but by the Holy Spirit, as explained earlier in Matthew 1:18. This miraculous conception is a cornerstone of Christian belief, emphasizing the divine origin of Jesus and His unique role as the Son of God.

and give birth to a son
This phrase fulfills the prophecy and specifies the gender of the child, emphasizing the humanity of Jesus. The Greek "τέξεται υἱόν" (texetai huion) indicates the natural process of childbirth, yet in this context, it is anything but ordinary. The birth of a son signifies the arrival of the long-awaited Messiah, the one who would fulfill the promises made to Abraham and David, and bring salvation to His people.

and they will call Him
The phrase "and they will call Him" suggests a communal recognition and acknowledgment of the child's identity and mission. The Greek "καλέσουσιν τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ" (kalesousin to onoma autou) implies that this name is not just a label but a declaration of His character and purpose. It reflects the collective understanding and acceptance of Jesus' divine role and mission.

Immanuel
The name "Immanuel" is derived from the Hebrew "עִמָּנוּ אֵל" (Immanu El), meaning "God with us." This name encapsulates the essence of the Incarnation, where God took on human flesh and dwelt among us. It signifies God's presence with His people, not just in a spiritual sense but in a tangible, physical form. This profound truth offers comfort and assurance, reminding believers that God is intimately involved in the human experience and is always present with us.

(which means, 'God with us')
This explanatory phrase clarifies the meaning of "Immanuel" for the Greek-speaking audience of Matthew's Gospel. It emphasizes the theological significance of Jesus' birth, highlighting the reality of God's presence among His people. This concept is central to the Christian faith, as it assures believers of God's nearness and His active involvement in the world. It is a promise of divine companionship and support, offering hope and encouragement to all who trust in Him.

When Joseph woke up
This phrase indicates a transition from a state of contemplation or uncertainty to decisive action. The Greek word for "woke up" is "ἐγερθείς" (egertheis), which can also mean "to rise" or "to awaken." This awakening is not just physical but spiritual, symbolizing Joseph's acceptance of divine guidance. In a broader biblical context, awakening often signifies a new understanding or revelation, as seen in various scriptural narratives where God communicates through dreams or visions.

he did as the angel of the Lord had commanded him
Joseph's obedience is immediate and complete, reflecting his righteousness and faith. The phrase "angel of the Lord" is significant, as it denotes a messenger from God, a common motif in the Old Testament where angels deliver divine instructions. The Greek word for "commanded" is "προσετάξεν" (prosetaxen), implying a directive that carries divine authority. Joseph's response exemplifies the biblical principle of obedience to God's will, a theme echoed throughout Scripture, emphasizing trust in God's plan even when it defies human understanding.

and took Mary home as his wife
This action signifies Joseph's acceptance of Mary and the child she carries, despite the potential for social stigma. The phrase "took Mary home" is a translation of the Greek "παρέλαβεν τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ" (parelaben tēn gynaika autou), which indicates a formal acceptance and protection of Mary as his wife. In the historical and cultural context of first-century Judea, this act would have been seen as a public declaration of commitment and protection, aligning with the biblical values of honor, integrity, and family. Joseph's decision to take Mary as his wife underscores the theme of sacrificial love and faithfulness, mirroring the covenantal love God shows to His people.

But he had no union with her
This phrase emphasizes Joseph's righteousness and obedience to God's command. The Greek word for "union" here is "ginōskō," which often implies an intimate, marital relationship. Joseph's restraint highlights his respect for Mary and the divine nature of Jesus' conception. This act of self-control and respect for God's plan is a testament to Joseph's character and faithfulness. Historically, this also underscores the belief in the virgin birth, a cornerstone of Christian doctrine, affirming that Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit, not by human means.

until she gave birth to a Son
The word "until" (Greek: "heōs") in this context does not imply that Joseph and Mary had marital relations after Jesus' birth, but rather it emphasizes the fulfillment of prophecy and the miraculous nature of Jesus' birth. The phrase "gave birth to a Son" fulfills the prophecy in Isaiah 7:14, which speaks of a virgin bearing a son. This miraculous event is central to Christian belief, affirming Jesus' divine origin and His role as the promised Messiah. The historical context of this prophecy being fulfilled would have been a powerful testament to the Jewish audience of Matthew's Gospel.

And he gave Him the name Jesus
The act of naming in Jewish tradition is significant, often reflecting the character or destiny of the individual. The name "Jesus" is derived from the Hebrew "Yeshua," meaning "The Lord is salvation." By naming Him Jesus, Joseph is obedient to the angel's command (Matthew 1:21) and acknowledges Jesus' divine mission to save His people from their sins. This name encapsulates the essence of Jesus' purpose and the hope He brings to humanity. The historical and scriptural context of this name would resonate deeply with the Jewish audience, who were anticipating a savior.