After Jesus was born
The phrase marks a significant moment in history, the birth of Jesus Christ, the Messiah. The Greek word for "born" is "γεννηθέντος" (gennēthentos), indicating a completed action. This emphasizes the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies, such as Isaiah 7:14, which foretold the birth of Immanuel. The birth of Jesus is not just a historical event but a divine intervention in human history, marking the beginning of the New Covenant.

in Bethlehem
Bethlehem, meaning "house of bread" in Hebrew, is a small town with profound significance. It is the birthplace of King David, as noted in 1 Samuel 16:1, and the prophesied birthplace of the Messiah in Micah 5:2. The choice of Bethlehem underscores God's faithfulness in fulfilling His promises and highlights the humble beginnings of the King of Kings, contrasting with worldly expectations of grandeur.

in Judea
Judea was a Roman province at the time, a region with a rich biblical history. It was the heartland of the Jewish people, containing Jerusalem, the center of Jewish worship. The mention of Judea situates the narrative within the broader context of Jewish expectations for a Messiah who would restore Israel. It also reflects the political and social tensions of the time, as Judea was under Roman occupation.

during the time of King Herod
King Herod, known as Herod the Great, was a Roman-appointed ruler known for his architectural projects and tyrannical rule. His reign was marked by paranoia and brutality, including the infamous massacre of the innocents (Matthew 2:16). Herod's presence in the narrative highlights the political climate into which Jesus was born—a world of oppression and fear, yet one in which God's plan for salvation was unfolding.

Magi from the east
The Magi, often referred to as wise men or astrologers, were likely scholars from Persia or Babylon. The Greek word "μάγοι" (magoi) suggests they were learned men, possibly familiar with Jewish prophecies through the influence of the Jewish diaspora. Their journey signifies the recognition of Jesus' kingship by the Gentiles, fulfilling prophecies like Isaiah 60:3, which speaks of nations coming to the light of Israel.

arrived in Jerusalem
Jerusalem, the city of David and the spiritual center of Judaism, is where the Magi naturally seek the newborn King. Their arrival in Jerusalem sets the stage for the unfolding drama of Herod's reaction and the subsequent events. It symbolizes the intersection of divine revelation and human politics, as well as the beginning of Jesus' impact on the world. The Magi's journey to Jerusalem reflects the universal call to seek and worship the true King, transcending cultural and geographical boundaries.

Where is the One
This phrase indicates a search for a specific individual, emphasizing the Magi's determination and purpose. The Greek word "πού" (pou) suggests an inquiry not just of location but of identity and significance. The Magi, likely scholars or astrologers from the East, were seeking someone of great importance, not just any newborn. This reflects the universal quest for truth and the divine, a theme that resonates throughout the Bible.

who has been born
The Greek verb "γεννηθείς" (gennetheis) is in the perfect tense, indicating a completed action with ongoing significance. This birth is not ordinary; it marks a pivotal moment in history. The birth of Jesus fulfills numerous Old Testament prophecies, such as Isaiah 7:14 and Micah 5:2, underscoring the divine plan and the fulfillment of God's promises.

King of the Jews
This title is significant both politically and spiritually. In the Jewish context, the term "King" (βασιλεύς, basileus) is loaded with Messianic expectations. The Jews anticipated a Messiah who would be a descendant of David, a ruler who would restore Israel. The Magi's use of this title indicates their recognition of Jesus' royal and Messianic status, even as Gentiles, highlighting the inclusivity of Christ's mission.

We saw His star
The phrase "εἴδομεν γὰρ αὐτοῦ τὸν ἀστέρα" (eidomen gar autou ton astera) suggests a divine sign. The star is a celestial phenomenon that guided the Magi, symbolizing divine revelation and guidance. In the ancient world, stars were often associated with deities and significant events. This star, however, is unique, pointing specifically to the birth of Jesus, the Light of the World (John 8:12).

in the east
The Greek phrase "ἐν τῇ ἀνατολῇ" (en tē anatolē) can also be translated as "at its rising," indicating the star's appearance in the sky. The East, or the Orient, was often associated with wisdom and mystery. The Magi, coming from this region, bring gifts and homage, symbolizing the recognition of Jesus' kingship by the Gentile world.

and have come to worship Him
The Greek word "προσκυνῆσαι" (proskynēsai) means to bow down or prostrate oneself, indicating deep reverence and adoration. The Magi's journey was not merely an intellectual pursuit but a spiritual pilgrimage. Their worship signifies the acknowledgment of Jesus' divine nature and foreshadows the worship He would receive from all nations. This act of worship by Gentiles at Jesus' birth prefigures the Great Commission (Matthew 28:19), where the Gospel is to be spread to all nations.

When King Herod
The mention of "King Herod" refers to Herod the Great, a ruler known for his architectural achievements and his ruthless nature. Herod was an Idumean, a descendant of Esau, and was appointed king by the Roman Senate. His reign was marked by paranoia and brutality, as he was known to eliminate any threats to his throne, including members of his own family. Understanding Herod's background provides insight into his reaction to the news of a new "king of the Jews," which he perceived as a direct threat to his power.

heard this
The phrase "heard this" indicates that Herod received news of the Magi's inquiry about the birth of the "king of the Jews." This news likely reached him through his network of informants or directly from the Magi themselves. The Greek word for "heard" (ἀκούω, akouō) implies not just the act of hearing but also understanding and processing the information. Herod's response to this news sets the stage for the subsequent events in the narrative.

he was disturbed
The word "disturbed" (ταράσσω, tarassō) conveys a sense of being troubled or agitated. Herod's disturbance was not merely a mild concern but a deep-seated fear and anxiety about losing his throne. Historically, Herod's reign was characterized by his fear of losing power, leading to extreme measures to secure his position. This disturbance reflects his awareness of the potential political upheaval that the birth of a new king could cause.

and all Jerusalem with him
The phrase "and all Jerusalem with him" suggests that Herod's fear and agitation were shared by the people of Jerusalem. This collective disturbance could be attributed to several factors: the potential for political instability, fear of Herod's unpredictable and violent reactions, and the uncertainty of what a new king might mean for their lives. The city of Jerusalem, being the center of Jewish religious and political life, would naturally be on edge with the news of a new claimant to the throne. This phrase highlights the widespread impact of the Magi's inquiry and foreshadows the tension and conflict that will unfold in the narrative.

When he had called together
This phrase indicates a deliberate and authoritative action by Herod. The Greek word used here, "συναγαγών" (synagagōn), suggests a gathering or assembling. Herod, as king, had the power to summon the religious leaders, reflecting his political authority and the urgency of his inquiry. Historically, this action underscores Herod's concern about the birth of a new "king" and his desire to maintain control over his realm.

all the chief priests
The term "chief priests" refers to the leading priests in the Jewish religious hierarchy, including the high priest and those who had previously held the position. The Greek word "ἀρχιερεῖς" (archiereis) denotes their high status. These individuals were influential in both religious and political matters, serving as intermediaries between the Jewish people and the Roman authorities. Their involvement highlights the significance of the inquiry, as Herod sought the most knowledgeable religious authorities.

and scribes of the people
"Scribes" were experts in the Jewish Law, known in Greek as "γραμματεῖς" (grammateis). They were responsible for copying, teaching, and interpreting the Scriptures. The phrase "of the people" indicates their role as representatives and teachers of the Jewish populace. Their inclusion in this assembly emphasizes the importance of scriptural knowledge in determining the birthplace of the Messiah, as they were well-versed in the prophecies concerning the Christ.

he inquired
The Greek word "ἐπυνθάνετο" (epynthaneto) suggests a careful and deliberate questioning. Herod's inquiry was not casual; it was a calculated effort to gather specific information. This reflects his deep concern and possibly fear regarding the prophecy of a new king, which threatened his rule. The historical context reveals Herod's notorious paranoia and ruthlessness in dealing with potential rivals.

where the Christ was to be born
The term "Christ" is the Greek "Χριστός" (Christos), meaning "Anointed One," equivalent to the Hebrew "Messiah." This title signifies the long-awaited deliverer prophesied in the Hebrew Scriptures. Herod's question about the birthplace of the Christ indicates his awareness of Jewish Messianic expectations. Theologically, this moment underscores the fulfillment of prophecy and God's sovereign plan, as the birth of Jesus in Bethlehem was foretold in Micah 5:2. Herod's inquiry, though politically motivated, inadvertently confirms the divine orchestration of Jesus' birth, affirming the truth of God's Word and the hope of salvation through Christ.

In Bethlehem
The name "Bethlehem" comes from the Hebrew "Beit Lechem," meaning "House of Bread." This small town, located about six miles south of Jerusalem, holds significant historical and theological importance. It is the birthplace of King David, Israel's greatest king, and is prophesied in Micah 5:2 as the birthplace of the Messiah. The choice of Bethlehem underscores God's plan and fulfillment of prophecy, emphasizing that God often chooses the humble and the lowly to accomplish His divine purposes.

in Judea
Judea refers to the southern region of ancient Israel, which was a Roman province during the time of Jesus' birth. This area was historically significant as it included Jerusalem, the center of Jewish worship and the location of the Temple. The mention of Judea situates the narrative within the broader context of Jewish history and Roman occupation, highlighting the political and religious tensions of the time. It also emphasizes the fulfillment of Jewish prophecy within the land promised to Abraham and his descendants.

they replied
The "they" in this context refers to the chief priests and scribes who were consulted by King Herod. Their response indicates their knowledge of the Scriptures and the prophecies concerning the Messiah. This phrase highlights the irony that these religious leaders, who were well-versed in the prophecies, did not seek the Messiah themselves. It serves as a reminder of the importance of not only knowing Scripture but also responding to it with faith and action.

for this is what the prophet has written
This phrase introduces the fulfillment of prophecy, specifically referring to the words of the prophet Micah. The use of prophecy in the Gospel of Matthew is a recurring theme, demonstrating that Jesus' life and mission were in accordance with God's predetermined plan as revealed through the prophets. This underscores the reliability and divine inspiration of Scripture, affirming that God's promises are trustworthy and will come to pass. The prophetic word serves as a beacon of hope and assurance for believers, reminding them of God's sovereignty and faithfulness throughout history.

But you, Bethlehem
The name "Bethlehem" is derived from the Hebrew "Beit Lechem," meaning "House of Bread." This small town, located about six miles south of Jerusalem, holds significant historical and theological importance. It is the birthplace of King David, Israel's greatest king, and prophetically, the birthplace of Jesus Christ, the Bread of Life. The mention of Bethlehem here fulfills the prophecy from Micah 5:2, highlighting God's sovereign plan and the humble beginnings of the Messiah.

in the land of Judah
Judah was one of the twelve tribes of Israel and later became a prominent kingdom. The tribe of Judah is significant because it is from this lineage that King David and ultimately Jesus, the Lion of the tribe of Judah, descended. This phrase emphasizes the royal and messianic lineage of Jesus, connecting Him to the promises made to David and the prophecies concerning the Messiah.

are by no means least among the rulers of Judah
Despite its small size and seeming insignificance, Bethlehem is elevated in status due to its association with the birth of the Messiah. This phrase underscores a recurring biblical theme: God often chooses the humble and lowly to accomplish His divine purposes. It serves as a reminder that God's ways are not our ways, and He often works through the unexpected to fulfill His promises.

for out of you will come a ruler
The term "ruler" here is significant, as it denotes authority and leadership. In the context of Jewish expectation, this ruler is the long-awaited Messiah, who would deliver and lead His people. The Greek word used for "ruler" (ἡγούμενος, hēgoumenos) implies one who leads with authority and care, pointing to Jesus' role as both King and Shepherd.

who will shepherd My people Israel
The imagery of a shepherd is rich in biblical tradition, symbolizing care, guidance, and protection. In the Old Testament, God is often depicted as the Shepherd of Israel, and King David, a shepherd himself, is a type of Christ. Jesus, the Good Shepherd, fulfills this role perfectly, tending to His flock with compassion and laying down His life for the sheep. This phrase highlights Jesus' pastoral role and His intimate relationship with His people, fulfilling the prophecy and expectation of a Messiah who would lead with love and righteousness.

Then Herod
The mention of "Herod" refers to Herod the Great, a ruler known for his architectural achievements and his ruthless, paranoid nature. Historically, Herod was a client king of Judea under Roman authority, and his reign was marked by political cunning and brutality. Understanding Herod's character is crucial, as it sets the stage for his later actions in the narrative. His fear of losing power drove him to extreme measures, including the infamous massacre of the innocents.

called the Magi
The "Magi" were wise men or astrologers from the East, likely Persia or Babylon. The Greek term "μάγοι" (magoi) suggests they were scholars or priests with knowledge of astronomy and possibly astrology. Their journey signifies the recognition of Jesus' kingship beyond Jewish boundaries, highlighting the universal scope of Christ's mission. The Magi's presence fulfills prophecies about Gentiles coming to the light of Israel (Isaiah 60:3).

secretly
Herod's decision to call the Magi "secretly" reveals his deceptive and manipulative nature. This secrecy indicates his ulterior motives, as he sought to use the Magi's information for his own ends rather than to honor the newborn King. It underscores the theme of light versus darkness, with Herod operating in the shadows, contrasting with the Magi's open quest for truth.

learned from them
The phrase "learned from them" suggests an inquiry or investigation. Herod's questioning of the Magi was not out of genuine curiosity but rather a strategic move to ascertain the potential threat to his throne. This reflects a broader biblical theme of the pursuit of knowledge, contrasting Herod's self-serving quest with the Magi's sincere search for the Messiah.

the exact time
The "exact time" refers to Herod's attempt to pinpoint the birth of Jesus. This detail is crucial for understanding Herod's subsequent actions, as it leads to the tragic events in Bethlehem. The precision sought by Herod contrasts with the divine mystery surrounding Jesus' birth, emphasizing human attempts to control what God has ordained.

the star had appeared
The "star" is a significant symbol in the nativity story, representing divine guidance and revelation. The Greek word "ἀστήρ" (astēr) can mean a literal star or a celestial event. This star led the Magi to Jesus, symbolizing God's light breaking into the world. Theologically, it signifies Christ as the light of the world, guiding seekers to truth and salvation. The star's appearance fulfills Old Testament prophecies, such as Numbers 24:17, which speaks of a star rising out of Jacob.

And sending them to Bethlehem
The phrase "And sending them to Bethlehem" indicates King Herod's directive to the Magi. Bethlehem, a small town in Judea, holds significant historical and prophetic importance. It is the prophesied birthplace of the Messiah, as foretold in Micah 5:2. The Greek word for "sending" (πέμπω, pempō) implies a deliberate action, reflecting Herod's cunning plan. Historically, Bethlehem is known as the City of David, linking Jesus to the Davidic line, fulfilling Old Testament prophecies about the Messiah's lineage.

he said
The phrase "he said" introduces Herod's deceitful instructions. The Greek word for "said" (εἶπεν, eipen) is often used in the New Testament to denote authoritative speech. Herod's words are laced with duplicity, as his true intention is not to worship but to eliminate a perceived threat to his throne. This highlights the theme of opposition to God's plan, a recurring motif in Scripture.

Go and search carefully for the Child
"Go and search carefully for the Child" reflects Herod's manipulative strategy. The Greek word for "search carefully" (ἀκριβῶς, akribōs) suggests a thorough and diligent investigation. Herod's feigned interest in worshiping the Child masks his sinister motives. The term "Child" (παιδίον, paidion) emphasizes Jesus' vulnerability and innocence, contrasting with Herod's malevolence. This phrase underscores the spiritual battle between good and evil, a central theme in the Gospel narrative.

When you find Him
"When you find Him" implies an expectation of success in the Magi's quest. The Greek word for "find" (εὑρίσκω, heuriskō) suggests discovery or revelation. This reflects the divine guidance the Magi receive, leading them to the Christ Child. The phrase also foreshadows the revelation of Jesus as the Savior to the Gentiles, represented by the Magi, fulfilling God's promise to Abraham that all nations would be blessed through his seed.

report to me
"Report to me" reveals Herod's desire for control and information. The Greek word for "report" (ἀπαγγέλλω, apangellō) means to announce or declare. Herod's request is a facade, as he seeks to use the Magi as unwitting agents in his plot. This phrase highlights the theme of falsehood versus truth, a dichotomy present throughout the Gospel.

so that I too may go and worship Him
"So that I too may go and worship Him" is the climax of Herod's deceit. The Greek word for "worship" (προσκυνέω, proskuneō) denotes reverence and adoration, often used in the context of divine worship. Herod's insincere claim contrasts with the genuine worship of the Magi. This phrase serves as a reminder of the true purpose of Jesus' coming: to be worshiped as King and Savior. It challenges believers to discern true worship from false pretenses and to remain steadfast in their faith amidst opposition.

After they had heard the king
This phrase refers to the Magi, or wise men, who had just been in the presence of King Herod. The Greek word for "heard" is "ἀκούσαντες" (akousantes), which implies not just listening but understanding and considering what was said. In a historical context, Herod was a ruler known for his cunning and paranoia, and the Magi's interaction with him was a pivotal moment. They were discerning listeners, aware of the political tension and Herod's ulterior motives. This teaches us the importance of discernment and wisdom when engaging with worldly authorities.

they went on their way
The phrase indicates a decisive action taken by the Magi. The Greek word "ἐπορεύθησαν" (eporeuthēsan) suggests a purposeful journey. This reflects the Magi's commitment and determination to find the Messiah, undeterred by Herod's intentions. It serves as an inspiration for believers to pursue their spiritual journey with resolve, regardless of external pressures or challenges.

and the star they had seen in the east
The "star" is central to the narrative, symbolizing divine guidance. The Greek word "ἀστήρ" (astēr) is used here, which can mean a literal star or a celestial phenomenon. Historically, this has been interpreted as a miraculous event, possibly a supernatural occurrence orchestrated by God. The phrase "in the east" (ἐν τῇ ἀνατολῇ, en tē anatolē) indicates the Magi's origin and the direction from which they observed the star. This highlights God's ability to use natural elements to guide and reveal His will to those who seek Him earnestly.

went ahead of them
The star's movement "went ahead" of the Magi, suggesting divine leadership. The Greek "προῆγεν" (proēgen) implies leading or guiding. This reflects the biblical theme of God as a shepherd who leads His people. It reassures believers that God provides direction and clarity in their spiritual journey, guiding them to His truth and purpose.

until it stood over
The phrase "stood over" (ἐστάθη, estathē) indicates a precise and intentional positioning of the star. This suggests a miraculous intervention, as the star stops directly over the location of Jesus. It emphasizes God's sovereignty and control over creation, orchestrating events to fulfill His divine plan. For believers, it is a reminder of God's faithfulness in leading them to His promises.

the place where the Child was
The "place" refers to the specific location of Jesus, the Messiah. The Greek word "τόπος" (topos) signifies a particular spot, underscoring the fulfillment of prophecy and God's meticulous planning. The "Child" (παιδίον, paidion) is Jesus, highlighting His humble beginnings and the incarnation of God in human form. This phrase encapsulates the wonder of the incarnation, where the divine meets the earthly, and serves as a profound reminder of God's love and redemption plan for humanity.

When they saw
The phrase "when they saw" indicates a moment of recognition and realization. In the Greek, the word for "saw" is "εἶδον" (eidon), which implies not just a physical sight but a deeper understanding or perception. This suggests that the Magi, upon seeing the star, comprehended its significance. Historically, the Magi were wise men or astrologers from the East, likely Persia, who were familiar with celestial events. Their ability to interpret the star's appearance as a sign of the Messiah's birth demonstrates their wisdom and the divine guidance they received.

the star
The "star" is central to the narrative, serving as a divine sign leading the Magi to Jesus. The Greek word "ἀστήρ" (astēr) is used here, which can refer to any celestial body. This star is unique, as it moves and guides the Magi specifically to the location of Jesus. Historically, various theories have been proposed about the nature of this star, ranging from a planetary conjunction to a supernatural phenomenon. In the scriptural context, the star fulfills the prophecy of Numbers 24:17, "A star will come out of Jacob," symbolizing the arrival of a new king.

they rejoiced
The response of the Magi is one of joy, as indicated by the Greek word "ἐχάρησαν" (echarēsan). This joy is not merely happiness but a profound, spiritual elation. Their journey, likely long and arduous, culminates in this moment of fulfillment. Theologically, their joy reflects the joy of all who seek and find Christ, emphasizing the universal call to worship and the fulfillment of God's promises.

with great delight
The phrase "with great delight" amplifies the intensity of their joy. The Greek words "μετὰ χαρᾶς μεγάλης σφόδρα" (meta charas megalēs sphodra) convey an overwhelming sense of gladness. "Μεγάλης" (megalēs) means "great" or "large," and "σφόδρα" (sphodra) means "exceedingly" or "intensely." This expression underscores the magnitude of their joy, which is not just personal but cosmic, as they witness the fulfillment of prophecy and the revelation of the Savior to the Gentiles. Historically, this moment signifies the breaking of barriers, as the Magi, representing the Gentile world, are among the first to recognize and worship Jesus, foreshadowing the global mission of the Gospel.

On coming to the house
This phrase indicates that the Magi, or wise men, arrived at a house, not a stable, suggesting that some time had passed since Jesus' birth. The Greek word for "house" (οἰκία) implies a dwelling place, which aligns with the idea that the Holy Family had moved from the manger to more permanent lodgings. This detail underscores the historical reality of Jesus' early life and the fulfillment of prophecy, as the Magi's journey was guided by divine intervention.

they saw the Child
The Greek word for "Child" (παιδίον) here is significant, as it denotes a young child, not a newborn. This suggests that Jesus could have been several months old by the time the Magi arrived. Theologically, this emphasizes the humanity of Christ, who grew and developed like any other child, yet was recognized as the King by these foreign dignitaries.

with His mother Mary
The mention of Mary alongside Jesus highlights her role in the divine narrative. The Greek text places emphasis on the mother-child relationship, which is central to the Incarnation. Mary is often seen as a model of faith and obedience, having accepted God's will with humility and grace. Her presence here also fulfills the prophecy of the virgin birth, as foretold in Isaiah 7:14.

and they fell down and worshiped Him
The act of falling down and worshiping (προσκυνέω) is a profound gesture of reverence and submission, typically reserved for deities or royalty. The Magi, likely Zoroastrian priests or astrologers from Persia, recognized Jesus' divine kingship, despite their pagan background. This act foreshadows the universal recognition of Christ's lordship, transcending cultural and religious boundaries.

Then they opened their treasures
The opening of treasures (θησαυρός) signifies the Magi's willingness to honor Jesus with their most valuable possessions. This act of giving reflects the biblical principle of offering our best to God, acknowledging His supreme worth and authority. The treasures symbolize the recognition of Jesus' kingship and the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies regarding the nations bringing gifts to the Messiah.

and presented Him with gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh
Each gift holds deep symbolic meaning. Gold, a symbol of kingship and wealth, acknowledges Jesus as the King of Kings. Frankincense, used in temple worship, signifies His priestly role and divine nature. Myrrh, often used in embalming, foreshadows His suffering and death, pointing to His role as the Savior. These gifts collectively affirm the multifaceted identity of Jesus as King, God, and Sacrifice, encapsulating the essence of the Gospel message.

And having been warned in a dream
The phrase "having been warned" comes from the Greek word "chrēmatizō," which implies a divine communication or instruction. In the context of the Bible, dreams often serve as a medium for God to convey His will or warnings to His people. This highlights the sovereignty of God in guiding and protecting His people through supernatural means. The Magi, who were Gentiles, received this divine warning, emphasizing that God's guidance is available to all who seek Him, regardless of their background.

not to return to Herod
Herod, known historically as Herod the Great, was a ruler infamous for his paranoia and tyrannical reign. The Magi were instructed not to return to him, indicating the danger and malevolence associated with Herod's intentions. This phrase underscores the theme of divine protection against evil forces. Herod's desire to find the Christ child was not to worship Him, as he claimed, but to eliminate a perceived threat to his throne. This reflects the broader biblical narrative of the conflict between God's kingdom and earthly powers.

they withdrew to their country
The word "withdrew" suggests a deliberate and cautious departure. The Magi's obedience to the divine warning demonstrates their reverence and respect for God's guidance. Their journey back to their country symbolizes a return to their own lives, transformed by their encounter with the Christ child. This act of obedience is a testament to the transformative power of encountering Jesus, leading to a change in direction and purpose.

by another route
The phrase "by another route" signifies a change in path, both literally and metaphorically. It highlights the theme of transformation and new beginnings. After encountering Jesus, the Magi's journey was altered, symbolizing the new life and direction that comes from meeting Christ. This serves as an inspiration for believers to be open to God's leading, even when it requires taking unexpected paths. The Magi's account encourages Christians to trust in God's guidance and to be willing to change course when He directs, knowing that His ways are higher than ours.

When they had gone
This phrase refers to the departure of the Magi, who had visited Jesus to worship Him and present gifts. The Magi's visit fulfills the prophecy of nations coming to the light of the Messiah (Isaiah 60:3). Their departure marks a transition in the narrative, emphasizing the divine orchestration of events. Historically, the Magi were likely from Persia or Babylon, regions known for their wisdom and astrology, which underscores the global recognition of Jesus' birth.

an angel of the Lord
Angels are messengers of God, often appearing in critical moments to deliver divine instructions. The Greek word "angelos" means "messenger." In the biblical context, angels serve as intermediaries between God and humans, emphasizing the importance of the message being delivered. The appearance of an angel here highlights the divine protection and guidance over Jesus' life.

appeared to Joseph in a dream
Dreams in the biblical narrative are significant means of divine communication. Joseph, the earthly father of Jesus, receives guidance through dreams multiple times, indicating his role as a faithful and obedient servant. The use of dreams aligns with the Old Testament tradition, where God often communicated with His people through dreams, as seen with figures like Joseph in Genesis.

Get up!
This command is urgent and immediate, reflecting the necessity of prompt action. The Greek word "egeiro" implies awakening or rising, not just physically but spiritually and mentally. Joseph's obedience to this command demonstrates his righteousness and readiness to act upon God's instructions without hesitation.

take the Child and His mother
The phrase emphasizes the protective role of Joseph over Jesus and Mary. The order of "the Child and His mother" highlights Jesus' centrality and importance. Joseph's responsibility is to safeguard the Messiah, fulfilling his role as the guardian of the Holy Family. This reflects the biblical theme of God's provision and protection over His chosen ones.

flee to Egypt
Egypt serves as a place of refuge, a recurring theme in biblical history. It was a nearby region outside Herod's jurisdiction, providing safety for the Holy Family. Historically, Egypt had a significant Jewish population, offering a community for Joseph, Mary, and Jesus. This journey also fulfills the prophecy, "Out of Egypt I called My Son" (Hosea 11:1), linking Jesus' life to the history of Israel.

Stay there until I tell you
This instruction requires faith and patience, as Joseph must rely on God's timing and further guidance. The phrase underscores the importance of obedience and trust in divine direction. It reflects the biblical principle of waiting on the Lord, trusting in His perfect plan and timing.

for Herod is going to search for the Child to kill Him
Herod's intent to kill Jesus reveals the spiritual battle surrounding the Messiah's birth. Herod, known historically for his paranoia and brutality, represents the earthly powers opposing God's plan. This threat highlights the fulfillment of prophecies regarding the opposition the Messiah would face. It also underscores the theme of God's sovereignty and protection over His divine purposes, ensuring that no earthly power can thwart His plans.

So he got up
This phrase indicates immediate obedience and action. The Greek word used here is "ἐγερθείς" (egerthéis), which means to rise or to awaken. This suggests a sense of urgency and readiness to follow God's command without hesitation. In the context of Joseph's life, it reflects his righteousness and faithfulness, as he consistently responds to divine instructions with promptness. This is a model for believers, emphasizing the importance of being attentive and responsive to God's guidance.

took the Child and His mother
The phrase underscores the protective and responsible role of Joseph. The Greek word for "took" is "παραλαμβάνω" (paralambanō), which implies taking alongside or receiving. Joseph's actions demonstrate his commitment to safeguarding Jesus and Mary, fulfilling his role as the earthly guardian of the Messiah. This reflects the biblical principle of stewardship and care for those entrusted to us, highlighting the sanctity of family and the duty to protect and nurture.

by night
Traveling by night suggests a sense of urgency and the need for secrecy. In the ancient world, night travel was uncommon due to the dangers it posed, such as bandits and wild animals. This detail highlights the perilous circumstances surrounding Jesus' early life and the lengths to which Joseph went to ensure His safety. It also symbolizes the spiritual darkness of the world into which Jesus was born, and the divine protection over Him as the Light of the World.

and withdrew to Egypt
The act of withdrawing to Egypt is significant both historically and theologically. Egypt, in biblical history, was often a place of refuge, as seen in the accounts of Abraham and Jacob. The Greek word "ἀνεχώρησεν" (anechōrēsen) means to depart or withdraw, indicating a strategic retreat. This move fulfills the prophecy found in Hosea 11:1, "Out of Egypt I called My Son," demonstrating God's sovereign plan and the fulfillment of Scripture. Egypt serves as a temporary sanctuary, symbolizing God's provision and the unfolding of His redemptive plan through Jesus.

where he stayed
This phrase refers to the period during which Joseph, Mary, and Jesus resided in Egypt. The Greek word for "stayed" (ἔμεινεν, emeinen) implies a temporary dwelling, indicating that their time in Egypt was not permanent but served a specific purpose in God's divine plan. Historically, Egypt was a place of refuge for many seeking safety from political turmoil, which aligns with Joseph's decision to protect his family from Herod's wrath.

until the death of Herod
Herod the Great, known for his architectural achievements and tyrannical rule, died around 4 B.C. His death marked the end of a significant threat to the young Jesus. The phrase underscores God's sovereignty and timing, as the family's return to Israel was contingent upon Herod's demise, ensuring Jesus' safety and the fulfillment of prophecy.

This fulfilled what the Lord had spoken
The concept of fulfillment is central to Matthew's Gospel, emphasizing that Jesus' life and ministry were in accordance with Old Testament prophecies. The Greek word for "fulfilled" (ἐπληρώθη, eplērōthē) suggests a completion or bringing to fullness, highlighting the continuity between the Old and New Testaments and affirming Jesus as the promised Messiah.

through the prophet
This phrase indicates that the prophecy being referenced is divinely inspired, communicated through a prophet of God. In this context, the prophet is Hosea, whose writings are part of the Hebrew Scriptures. The use of prophetic fulfillment serves to validate Jesus' messianic identity and God's faithfulness to His promises.

'Out of Egypt I called My Son.'
This quotation is from Hosea 11:1, originally referring to Israel's exodus from Egypt. In Matthew's Gospel, it is applied typologically to Jesus, drawing a parallel between Israel as God's "son" and Jesus as the ultimate Son of God. The phrase underscores the theme of deliverance and redemption, as Jesus' return from Egypt symbolizes a new exodus, leading to spiritual liberation for all who believe. The use of "My Son" emphasizes the intimate relationship between God the Father and Jesus, affirming His divine nature and mission.

When Herod saw
The phrase "When Herod saw" indicates a moment of realization for King Herod. The Greek word for "saw" is "eidō," which implies not just physical sight but also understanding or perceiving. Herod's perception here is crucial as it marks the beginning of his infamous reaction. Historically, Herod the Great was known for his paranoia and tyrannical rule, often reacting violently to perceived threats to his throne.

he had been outwitted
The term "outwitted" comes from the Greek "empaizō," meaning to mock or deceive. The Magi, having been warned in a dream, did not return to Herod as he had requested. This act of divine intervention highlights God's sovereignty and protection over the Christ child. Herod's inability to manipulate the Magi underscores the futility of human schemes against divine plans.

by the Magi
The Magi, or "magoi" in Greek, were wise men from the East, likely Persia, who were skilled in astronomy and astrology. Their journey to worship the newborn King of the Jews signifies the recognition of Jesus' kingship by Gentiles, fulfilling prophecies of the Messiah's universal significance. Their role in this narrative emphasizes the global reach of Christ's mission.

he was filled with rage
Herod's "rage" is described by the Greek word "thumoo," indicating intense anger or fury. This emotional response is consistent with Herod's historical character, known for his ruthless measures to secure his power. His rage is not just a personal affront but a spiritual opposition to God's redemptive plan through Jesus.

Sending orders
The phrase "Sending orders" reflects Herod's authoritative command, typical of a king's decree. The Greek "apostellō" means to send forth, often with a specific purpose. Herod's orders were a desperate attempt to eliminate a perceived threat, showcasing the lengths to which earthly powers will go to oppose divine purposes.

he put to death
The act of putting to death, "anaireō" in Greek, is a deliberate and violent action. Herod's massacre of the innocents is a tragic fulfillment of prophecy and a stark reminder of the cost of sin and the brokenness of the world into which Jesus was born. It also foreshadows the suffering and sacrifice that would mark Jesus' own life and mission.

all the boys in Bethlehem and its vicinity
Bethlehem, a small town with significant biblical history as the City of David, becomes the site of this horrific event. The phrase "and its vicinity" suggests that Herod's orders extended beyond the town, indicating the widespread impact of his tyranny. This geographical detail underscores the fulfillment of prophecy and the far-reaching consequences of sin.

who were two years old and under
The specification of "two years old and under" aligns with the timeline Herod had ascertained from the Magi. This detail reflects Herod's calculated attempt to eliminate the Christ child, showing the depth of his fear and insecurity. It also highlights the vulnerability of the innocent and the need for divine intervention.

according to the time he had learned from the Magi
This phrase indicates Herod's reliance on the information provided by the Magi to determine the age range of the children to be killed. It underscores the tragic irony of Herod's dependence on the very ones who had come to worship the true King. This detail serves as a reminder of God's ultimate control over history, even when human actions seem to prevail.

Then was fulfilled
This phrase indicates the realization of a prophecy, a common theme in the Gospel of Matthew, which seeks to demonstrate that Jesus' life and ministry fulfill Old Testament prophecies. The Greek word for "fulfilled" is "plēroō," meaning to complete or bring to full expression. This suggests that the events surrounding Jesus' early life were not random but divinely orchestrated to fulfill God's redemptive plan as foretold by the prophets.

what was spoken
This phrase underscores the authority and reliability of the prophetic word. The Greek term "lalēthenta" (spoken) emphasizes the oral tradition and the power of the spoken word in ancient times. It reflects the belief that the prophets were divinely inspired messengers whose words carried the weight of divine truth and were preserved through generations.

through the prophet Jeremiah
Jeremiah was a major prophet in the Old Testament, known for his messages of both judgment and hope. The reference to Jeremiah here connects the events of Jesus' life to the broader narrative of Israel's history. It highlights the continuity of God's plan from the Old Testament to the New Testament. Jeremiah's prophecies often dealt with themes of exile and restoration, which resonate with the context of Matthew 2, where Jesus' family flees to Egypt and later returns.

A voice is heard in Ramah
Ramah was a town in ancient Israel, historically significant as a place of mourning during the Babylonian exile. The "voice" symbolizes the cries of lamentation and sorrow. The Greek word "phōnē" (voice) can also imply a proclamation or announcement, suggesting that the mourning is not just an expression of grief but also a declaration of the deep loss experienced by the people.

weeping and great mourning
This phrase captures the intense sorrow and lamentation associated with the massacre of the innocents by Herod. The Greek words "klauthmos" (weeping) and "odurmos" (mourning) convey a profound emotional response to tragedy. This imagery evokes the collective grief of a community, drawing a parallel to the historical suffering of Israel and the personal suffering of those affected by Herod's actions.

Rachel weeping for her children
Rachel, one of the matriarchs of Israel, is symbolically portrayed as mourning for her descendants. In the Old Testament, Rachel's weeping is associated with the loss of her children, representing the tribes of Israel. This imagery connects the historical suffering of the Israelites with the contemporary suffering of the families in Bethlehem, emphasizing the recurring theme of loss and hope in God's redemptive history.

and refusing to be comforted
This phrase highlights the depth of Rachel's grief, which is so profound that it resists consolation. The Greek word "paraklēthēnai" (to be comforted) suggests an inability to find solace or relief. This reflects the human experience of grief that seems insurmountable, yet within the biblical narrative, it also points to the hope of eventual restoration and divine comfort.

because they are no more
The finality of this phrase underscores the tragic loss of life. The Greek "ouk eisin" (are no more) conveys a sense of absence and void. This stark reality of death and loss is a poignant reminder of the brokenness of the world, yet within the Christian perspective, it also points to the hope of resurrection and the promise of eternal life through Jesus Christ. The verse as a whole, while rooted in sorrow, ultimately directs believers to the hope and fulfillment found in Christ, who overcomes death and brings new life.

A voice is heard in Ramah
This phrase draws from the Old Testament, specifically Jeremiah 31:15. Ramah was a town in the territory of Benjamin, near Jerusalem. Historically, it was a place of sorrow and exile, as it was where the Israelites were gathered before being taken to Babylon. The "voice" symbolizes a cry of lamentation and mourning, echoing the deep sorrow of the mothers of Israel. In the context of Matthew, it foreshadows the massacre of the innocents by Herod, connecting the grief of the past with the present tragedy.

weeping and great mourning
The repetition of "weeping" and "mourning" emphasizes the depth of sorrow. In Hebrew culture, mourning was a profound expression of grief, often involving loud wailing and lamentation. This phrase captures the intense emotional pain experienced by the mothers in Bethlehem, whose children were killed by Herod's decree. It serves as a reminder of the cost of sin and the brokenness of the world, yet also points to the hope of redemption through Christ.

Rachel weeping for her children
Rachel, the beloved wife of Jacob, is a matriarch of Israel. Her weeping is symbolic, representing the collective sorrow of the nation. Rachel's tomb, located near Bethlehem, adds a geographical and emotional layer to this imagery. Her weeping signifies the loss of the innocent and the unfulfilled promise of life. In a broader theological sense, it reflects the groaning of creation awaiting the redemption brought by Jesus.

and refusing to be comforted
This phrase highlights the depth of despair that cannot be easily consoled. In the Hebrew tradition, comfort was often sought through community and faith. However, the magnitude of this tragedy leaves Rachel inconsolable, underscoring the severity of the event. It serves as a poignant reminder of the human condition and the need for divine intervention, which is ultimately fulfilled in the coming of Christ.

because they are no more
The finality of this phrase underscores the irreversible nature of death. The children "are no more," signifying the ultimate loss. This echoes the existential reality of death that humanity faces. Yet, within the Christian narrative, it also points to the hope of resurrection and eternal life through Jesus. The verse, while steeped in sorrow, ultimately directs believers to the promise of restoration and the triumph of life over death through Christ's sacrifice and resurrection.

After Herod died
This phrase marks a significant turning point in the narrative. Herod the Great, known for his tyrannical rule and the infamous massacre of the innocents in Bethlehem, represents the oppressive powers of the world that stand against God's purposes. Historically, Herod's death in 4 B.C. is well-documented, and his passing signifies the end of a reign characterized by fear and violence. Theologically, this moment underscores the transient nature of earthly power in contrast to the eternal kingdom of God. Herod's death paves the way for the fulfillment of God's plan for Jesus to return to Israel, highlighting the divine orchestration of events.

an angel of the Lord
The appearance of an angel signifies divine intervention and guidance. In the Greek, "angelos" means messenger, indicating that this is a direct communication from God. Throughout Scripture, angels are often sent to deliver important messages or to provide protection and guidance to God's people. This divine messenger reassures Joseph, affirming that God is actively involved in the unfolding of His redemptive plan. The presence of the angel emphasizes God's sovereignty and His care for those who are obedient to His will.

appeared in a dream
Dreams in the biblical context are often a medium through which God communicates with His people. Joseph, the earthly father of Jesus, is particularly noted for receiving divine guidance through dreams, as seen earlier in Matthew 1:20 and 2:13. The use of dreams highlights the intimate and personal nature of God's communication with His faithful servants. It also reflects the fulfillment of Old Testament patterns, where God frequently used dreams to reveal His plans, as with Joseph in Genesis. This method of communication underscores the importance of spiritual discernment and obedience.

to Joseph
Joseph, a righteous man, is chosen by God to be the earthly guardian of Jesus. His role is crucial in the early life of Jesus, providing protection and guidance. Joseph's obedience to God's instructions, despite the challenges and uncertainties, exemplifies faithfulness and trust in God's plan. His character is a model of humility and dedication, as he consistently places God's will above his own. Joseph's actions demonstrate the importance of being receptive to God's guidance and the impact of faithful stewardship in fulfilling divine purposes.

in Egypt
Egypt serves as a place of refuge for the Holy Family, fulfilling the prophecy found in Hosea 11:1, "Out of Egypt I called My Son." Historically, Egypt was a common place of asylum for those fleeing danger in Judea, due to its relative proximity and political stability. Theologically, Egypt represents both a place of bondage and a place of deliverance, echoing the Exodus narrative. This dual symbolism highlights God's ability to transform places of oppression into places of protection and His power to deliver His people from peril. The sojourn in Egypt also emphasizes the fulfillment of prophecy and God's meticulous orchestration of events in salvation history.

saying
The word "saying" introduces a divine message, indicating that what follows is a direct communication from God. In the biblical context, such messages are often delivered by angels or through dreams, as is the case here. This highlights the importance of divine guidance in the life of Joseph and the Holy Family. The Greek word used here is "λέγων" (legōn), which is a participle form of "λέγω" (legō), meaning "to say" or "to speak." This emphasizes the active and ongoing nature of God's communication with His people.

Get up
The phrase "Get up" is a command, urging immediate action. In Greek, the word is "ἐγερθείς" (egerthēis), which is an aorist passive participle of "ἐγείρω" (egeirō), meaning "to rise" or "to awaken." This command signifies a call to readiness and obedience, reflecting the urgency and importance of the divine instruction. It is a reminder that God's timing is perfect, and His commands require prompt and faithful response.

take the Child and His mother
This phrase underscores the protective role of Joseph as the earthly guardian of Jesus and Mary. The Greek words "παράλαβε τὸ παιδίον καὶ τὴν μητέρα αὐτοῦ" (paralabe to paidion kai tēn mētera autou) emphasize the responsibility entrusted to Joseph. The use of "παράλαβε" (paralabe) implies a personal and careful taking or receiving, indicating the preciousness of the Child and His mother. This reflects the divine plan and the sanctity of the family unit in God's redemptive history.

and go to the land of Israel
The instruction to "go to the land of Israel" signifies a return to the Promised Land, a place of covenant and divine promise. The Greek phrase "πορεύου εἰς γῆν Ἰσραήλ" (poreuou eis gēn Israēl) uses "πορεύου" (poreuou), an imperative form of "πορεύομαι" (poreuomai), meaning "to go" or "to travel." This journey back to Israel symbolizes a return to the center of God's salvific work and the fulfillment of prophecy. It is a reminder of God's faithfulness to His promises and His sovereign plan for His people.

for those who were seeking the Child’s life are now dead
This phrase provides the reason for the return, indicating that the threat to Jesus' life has been removed. The Greek "τεθνήκασιν γὰρ οἱ ζητοῦντες τὴν ψυχὴν τοῦ παιδίου" (tethnēkasin gar hoi zētountes tēn psychēn tou paidiou) uses "τεθνήκασιν" (tethnēkasin), a perfect active indicative of "θνῄσκω" (thnēskō), meaning "to die," to indicate the completion of the threat. The phrase "οἱ ζητοῦντες" (hoi zētountes) refers to those actively seeking harm, highlighting the divine protection over Jesus. This assurance of safety allows the Holy Family to return, demonstrating God's providential care and the unfolding of His redemptive plan through Jesus Christ.

So Joseph got up
This phrase indicates immediate obedience and action. Joseph's response to divine instruction is swift and decisive, reflecting his righteousness and faithfulness. The Greek word for "got up" (ἀναστὰς, anastas) implies a readiness to act, often used in the New Testament to denote rising to a significant occasion or task. Joseph's promptness is a model of obedience for believers, demonstrating trust in God's guidance even when the future is uncertain.

took the Child and His mother
The order of "the Child and His mother" emphasizes the centrality of Jesus in the narrative. Joseph's role is protective and supportive, ensuring the safety of both Mary and Jesus. The Greek word for "took" (παραλαβὼν, paralabōn) suggests a careful and deliberate action, highlighting Joseph's responsibility and care. This phrase underscores the importance of family and the protective role of a father, aligning with the biblical view of family as a foundational institution.

and went to the land of Israel
The phrase "the land of Israel" is significant, as it denotes the fulfillment of God's promises to His people. The return to Israel signifies a restoration and continuation of God's covenantal relationship with His chosen nation. Historically, Israel is the land promised to Abraham and his descendants, a place of divine encounter and revelation. Joseph's journey back to Israel is not just a physical return but a symbolic act of re-entering the sphere of God's promises and purposes. The Greek word for "went" (εἰσῆλθεν, eisēlthen) implies entering into a place with intention and purpose, reflecting the divine orchestration of events in the life of Jesus.

But when he heard
This phrase introduces a pivotal moment of decision and revelation. The Greek word for "heard" is "ἀκούσας" (akousas), which implies not just the act of hearing but also understanding and processing information. In the context of Matthew 2:22, Joseph is receiving news that will influence his actions. This highlights the importance of being attentive to divine guidance and the role of discernment in the life of a believer.

that Archelaus was reigning
Archelaus, the son of Herod the Great, is a historical figure known for his tyrannical rule over Judea. The mention of Archelaus provides a historical anchor, reminding readers of the political climate during Jesus' early life. The Greek term "βασιλεύει" (basileuei) for "reigning" indicates a position of authority and power, yet it contrasts with the divine kingship of Christ, who reigns with justice and mercy.

in place of his father Herod
This phrase underscores the continuation of Herod's oppressive legacy through his son. Herod the Great was infamous for his cruelty, and his son Archelaus was no different. The phrase "in place of" suggests a succession that maintains the same oppressive rule, highlighting the challenges faced by the Holy Family. It serves as a reminder of the worldly powers that often stand in opposition to God's kingdom.

he was afraid to go there
Joseph's fear is a natural human response to the threat posed by Archelaus. The Greek word "ἐφοβήθη" (ephobēthē) conveys a deep sense of fear or dread. This fear is not a lack of faith but a prudent awareness of danger. It reflects the reality that even those chosen by God, like Joseph, must navigate the complexities and threats of the world with wisdom and caution.

And having been warned in a dream
Dreams are a recurring means of divine communication in the Bible. The Greek word "χρηματισθείς" (chrēmatistheis) implies a divine instruction or warning. This highlights God's active role in guiding and protecting His people. Joseph's receptiveness to divine messages in dreams demonstrates his faithfulness and obedience, serving as an example for believers to remain open to God's guidance.

he withdrew to the district of Galilee
The decision to move to Galilee is significant both geographically and theologically. Galilee, a region often looked down upon by Judean elites, becomes the setting for much of Jesus' ministry. The Greek word "ἀνεχώρησεν" (anechōrēsen) for "withdrew" suggests a strategic retreat, not out of cowardice, but as a fulfillment of God's plan. This move sets the stage for Jesus' future work and underscores the theme of God's purposes being fulfilled in unexpected places and ways.

And he went and lived
This phrase indicates a deliberate action taken by Joseph, under divine guidance, to settle in a specific location. The Greek word for "went" (ἀναχωρέω, anachōreō) often implies a withdrawal or retreat, suggesting a purposeful move to a place of safety. This reflects Joseph's obedience to God's direction, emphasizing the importance of following divine guidance in our lives.

in a town called Nazareth
Nazareth was a small, seemingly insignificant town in Galilee. The name "Nazareth" is believed to be derived from the Hebrew word "netzer," meaning "branch" or "shoot." This is significant because it connects to the Messianic prophecy in Isaiah 11:1, which speaks of a "Branch" from the line of Jesse. The choice of Nazareth highlights God's tendency to use humble beginnings to fulfill His grand purposes, reminding us that God often works through the ordinary and overlooked.

So was fulfilled
This phrase underscores the theme of fulfillment of prophecy, a recurring motif in Matthew's Gospel. The Greek word "πληρόω" (plēroō) means to complete or bring to full measure. Matthew frequently uses this term to demonstrate that Jesus' life and ministry were the culmination of Old Testament prophecies, affirming the divine plan and continuity of Scripture.

what was spoken through the prophets
The plural "prophets" suggests a collective testimony rather than a single prophecy. While there is no direct Old Testament quote that states "He will be called a Nazarene," this phrase likely refers to the general theme of the Messiah being despised and rejected, as Nazareth was a town of low reputation. This highlights the prophetic nature of Jesus' humble and misunderstood life, fulfilling the broader scriptural narrative of the suffering servant.

'He will be called a Nazarene.'
This statement encapsulates the essence of Jesus' identity and mission. Being called a "Nazarene" was often a term of derision, as seen in John 1:46, where Nathanael asks, "Can anything good come out of Nazareth?" This reflects the prophecy of Isaiah 53:3, where the Messiah is described as "despised and rejected by men." Jesus' association with Nazareth symbolizes His identification with the lowly and outcast, fulfilling His role as the Savior who came to serve and redeem the marginalized. This serves as an inspiration for believers to embrace humility and recognize the value in what the world may deem insignificant.