Then
The word "Then" signifies a continuation or a sequence in the narrative. It indicates that what follows is a direct result of what has previously occurred. In the context of Ezekiel, this word connects the preceding chapters, where God’s judgment on Israel is pronounced, to the subsequent oracles against the nations. It serves as a reminder that God's plans and revelations are unfolding in a divinely orchestrated order.

the word
In Hebrew, "word" is "dabar," which implies not just a spoken word but a matter or thing. It conveys the idea of a powerful, active, and living message from God. The "word" of the LORD is not merely a sound but a dynamic force that accomplishes what it declares. This emphasizes the authority and effectiveness of God's communication through His prophets.

of the LORD
The term "LORD" is translated from the Hebrew "YHWH," the sacred and personal name of God. It reflects His eternal, self-existent nature and His covenant relationship with His people. The use of "LORD" here underscores the divine origin of the message and the authority behind the words spoken to Ezekiel. It is a reminder of God's sovereignty and His active involvement in the affairs of nations.

came
The word "came" suggests movement and initiative. It indicates that the message was not sought by Ezekiel but was delivered to him by divine initiative. This highlights the role of the prophet as a recipient of divine revelation, emphasizing that true prophecy originates from God and not from human invention.

to me
The phrase "to me" personalizes the message, indicating that Ezekiel is the chosen vessel for this revelation. It underscores the intimate relationship between God and His prophet. Ezekiel is not just a passive recipient but an active participant in God's communication, tasked with delivering His message to the people.

saying
The word "saying" introduces the content of the divine message. It prepares the reader for the specific words that God is about to speak through Ezekiel. This word serves as a transition from the introduction of the divine message to its actual content, emphasizing the importance of listening to what God has to say. It is a call to attention, inviting the audience to hear and heed the words of the LORD.

Son of man
This phrase is a frequent designation for Ezekiel, used over 90 times in the book. In Hebrew, "ben adam" emphasizes the prophet's humanity and his role as a representative of the people. It underscores the humility and frailty of human nature in contrast to the divine. The term "son of man" also foreshadows the New Testament usage where Jesus refers to Himself as the "Son of Man," highlighting His identification with humanity.

set your face
This expression is a Hebrew idiom that implies determination and resolute intention. It suggests a prophetic stance of confrontation and judgment. In the context of Ezekiel, it indicates the prophet's role in delivering God's message with unwavering commitment, regardless of opposition or difficulty.

against the Ammonites
The Ammonites were descendants of Lot, Abraham's nephew, and were often in conflict with Israel. Historically, they occupied the region east of the Jordan River. This phrase indicates a specific divine judgment against a nation that had been hostile to Israel. The Ammonites' enmity towards Israel is documented in various biblical accounts, and this judgment reflects God's justice against those who oppose His people.

prophesy against them
The act of prophesying in this context involves delivering a message from God that often includes warning, judgment, and the call to repentance. The Hebrew root "naba" means to speak or sing by inspiration. This command to prophesy against the Ammonites signifies God's direct communication through Ezekiel, serving as both a warning to the Ammonites and a reassurance to Israel of God's sovereignty and justice.

Tell the Ammonites
The Ammonites were descendants of Lot, Abraham's nephew, and thus had a familial connection to Israel. Historically, they were often in conflict with Israel, and their territory was located east of the Jordan River. The Hebrew root for "Ammonites" is "עַמּוֹן" (Ammon), which signifies a people or nation. This address to the Ammonites highlights the prophetic role of Ezekiel as a messenger of God, tasked with delivering divine judgment to neighboring nations. It underscores the theme of accountability among nations, especially those with historical ties to Israel.

Hear the word of the Lord GOD
The phrase "Hear the word of the Lord GOD" is a call to attention and obedience. The Hebrew word for "hear" is "שָׁמַע" (shama), which implies not just listening but also understanding and responding. This command emphasizes the authority of God's word and the expectation that it will be heeded. It serves as a reminder that God's pronouncements are not mere suggestions but carry the weight of divine authority and truth.

This is what the Lord GOD says
This phrase introduces a direct message from God, underscoring the prophetic nature of Ezekiel's role. The repetition of "Lord GOD" (Adonai Yahweh) in Hebrew emphasizes God's sovereignty and covenantal relationship with His people. It is a declaration that what follows is not Ezekiel's own words but a divine oracle. This reinforces the concept of prophecy as a communication channel between God and humanity, where the prophet serves as a conduit for God's will.

Because you said, “Aha!”
The expression "Aha!" is a Hebrew exclamation of joy or triumph over another's misfortune. The root "הֶאָח" (he'ach) conveys a sense of gloating or malicious delight. This reaction from the Ammonites reveals their animosity towards Israel and their lack of compassion. It highlights a moral lesson about the dangers of schadenfreude, or taking pleasure in the suffering of others, which is condemned by God.

over My sanctuary when it was profaned
The "sanctuary" refers to the temple in Jerusalem, which was the center of Jewish worship and the dwelling place of God's presence. The Hebrew word "מִקְדָּשׁ" (mikdash) signifies a holy place set apart for God. Its profanation, or desecration, was a significant event, symbolizing the spiritual and national downfall of Israel. The Ammonites' reaction to this event reflects their disregard for the sacred and their enmity towards God's chosen people.

and over the land of Israel when it was desolate
The "land of Israel" is central to the identity and covenantal promises given to the descendants of Abraham. The Hebrew term "אֶרֶץ" (eretz) denotes the physical land, which was promised to the Israelites as an everlasting inheritance. Its desolation, as a result of conquest and exile, was a profound judgment from God. The Ammonites' rejoicing over this desolation reveals their hostility and lack of empathy, which God condemns.

and over the house of Judah when they went into exile
The "house of Judah" refers to the southern kingdom, which included Jerusalem and the temple. The Hebrew word "בַּיִת" (bayit) means house or household, symbolizing the people and their lineage. The exile was a pivotal moment in Jewish history, marking a period of punishment and reflection. The Ammonites' reaction to Judah's exile underscores their antagonism and serves as a warning against celebrating the downfall of others, as such attitudes are contrary to God's character and justice.

therefore
This word serves as a pivotal transition, indicating a consequence or result of previous actions. In the context of Ezekiel 25, it follows God's pronouncement of judgment against the Ammonites for their actions against Israel. The Hebrew word used here is "לָכֵן" (lakhen), which often introduces divine retribution or fulfillment of prophecy. It underscores the certainty and inevitability of God's judgment as a response to sin.

I will deliver you
This phrase signifies God's active role in the unfolding events. The Hebrew root "נָתַן" (natan) means "to give" or "to deliver," emphasizing God's sovereignty and control over nations. It reflects the biblical theme that God raises and deposes nations according to His divine will and purposes, often using one nation to discipline another.

into the hands of the people of the East
The "people of the East" likely refers to nomadic tribes such as the Babylonians or other groups from the Arabian desert. Historically, these peoples were known for their mobility and ability to conquer settled regions. The phrase "into the hands" suggests complete control or domination, indicating that the Ammonites would be subject to these eastern peoples' authority and power.

They will set up their camps
This imagery of setting up camps indicates a military occupation. The Hebrew word "מַחֲנֶה" (machaneh) refers to a camp or encampment, often used in a military context. It suggests a prolonged presence and control over the land, symbolizing the loss of autonomy and the imposition of foreign rule.

and pitch their tents among you
The act of pitching tents signifies a temporary yet invasive presence. Tents were the dwelling places of nomadic tribes, and their presence among the Ammonites indicates a disruption of normal life and the imposition of foreign customs and authority. It reflects the transient yet impactful nature of God's judgment through foreign nations.

they will eat your fruit
This phrase highlights the economic and agricultural impact of the invasion. The consumption of fruit by foreign invaders symbolizes the loss of resources and prosperity. In the agrarian society of ancient Ammon, fruit represented sustenance and wealth, and its loss would have been devastating.

and drink your milk
Milk, a staple in the diet of ancient Near Eastern peoples, represents nourishment and abundance. The invaders consuming the Ammonites' milk signifies the complete appropriation of their resources. It underscores the totality of the judgment, affecting every aspect of life, from sustenance to economic stability.

I will make
This phrase indicates divine action and intention. The Hebrew root here is "עָשָׂה" (asah), which means to do, make, or accomplish. It emphasizes God's sovereignty and His active role in shaping the destinies of nations. In the context of Ezekiel, it underscores God's authority over all creation and His ability to bring about His will, even in judgment.

Rabbah
Rabbah was the capital city of the Ammonites, located in present-day Jordan. Historically, it was a significant city known for its strength and strategic importance. By mentioning Rabbah, the prophecy highlights the downfall of a once-great city, illustrating the theme of divine retribution against nations that opposed Israel. Archaeological evidence of Rabbah's ruins serves as a testament to the fulfillment of such prophecies.

a pasture for camels
This imagery of transformation from a bustling city to a pasture signifies desolation and abandonment. Camels, often associated with desert travel and trade, symbolize the shift from urban prosperity to wilderness. The Hebrew word for pasture, "נָוֶה" (naveh), suggests a dwelling or habitation, but in this context, it implies a place devoid of human activity, emphasizing the severity of God's judgment.

and Ammon
Ammon refers to the people and territory of the Ammonites, descendants of Lot. Historically, the Ammonites were often in conflict with Israel. The mention of Ammon alongside Rabbah indicates a comprehensive judgment on the entire nation, not just its capital. This reflects the broader biblical theme of God holding nations accountable for their actions, especially those that opposed His chosen people.

a resting place for sheep
The transformation of Ammon into a resting place for sheep further illustrates desolation. Sheep, unlike camels, are associated with pastoral life and tranquility. The Hebrew word "מִרְבָּץ" (mirbatz) means a place of rest or lying down, suggesting a peaceful yet desolate scene. This contrast between former human activity and current animal habitation underscores the completeness of God's judgment.

Then you will know
This phrase is a recurring motif in Ezekiel, emphasizing the purpose of God's actions: to reveal His identity and power. The Hebrew root "יָדַע" (yada) means to know or recognize, indicating a deep, experiential understanding. Through the fulfillment of these prophecies, both Israel and the surrounding nations would come to acknowledge the sovereignty of the God of Israel.

that I am the LORD
The declaration "I am the LORD" (YHWH) is a profound assertion of God's covenant name and His eternal, unchanging nature. It serves as a reminder of His unique identity and authority. In the context of Ezekiel, it reinforces the message that the God of Israel is the true God, whose purposes will prevail despite human opposition. This acknowledgment is central to the prophetic message, calling all to recognize and submit to His divine will.

For this is what the Lord GOD says
This phrase introduces a divine pronouncement, emphasizing the authority and sovereignty of God. The Hebrew term for "Lord GOD" is "Adonai Yahweh," underscoring God's supreme power and covenantal relationship with Israel. This introduction sets the stage for a serious and authoritative message, reminding the audience that the words to follow are not merely human opinions but divine declarations.

Because you clapped your hands and stomped your feet
These actions symbolize mockery and derision. In ancient Near Eastern cultures, gestures such as clapping and stomping were often expressions of scorn or triumph over an enemy's misfortune. The Hebrew verbs used here convey a sense of deliberate and contemptuous celebration. This behavior reflects a heart attitude that is contrary to the compassion and humility that God desires from His people.

and rejoiced with all the malice in your heart
The word "rejoiced" here is significant, as it indicates a deep-seated joy derived from the suffering of others. The Hebrew root "samach" typically denotes joy or gladness, but in this context, it is twisted by "malice," revealing a perverse delight in Israel's downfall. This malice, or "ra'ah" in Hebrew, suggests an evil intent or wickedness that is deeply rooted in the heart, highlighting the moral corruption of those who celebrate Israel's misfortune.

against the land of Israel
The phrase "the land of Israel" is not just a geographical reference but a theological one. It signifies the people of God and their covenantal relationship with Him. The land is often seen as an inheritance and a place of divine promise. Thus, the rejoicing against Israel is not merely a political or territorial issue but a spiritual affront to God's chosen people and His divine plan. This underscores the seriousness of the offense and the reason for God's impending judgment.

therefore I will stretch out My hand against you
The phrase "stretch out My hand" is a powerful biblical metaphor often used to signify God's direct intervention, typically in judgment or deliverance. In Hebrew, the word for "hand" (יָד, yad) symbolizes power and authority. This imagery recalls the Exodus narrative, where God stretched out His hand against Egypt (Exodus 7:5). Here, it signifies God's active role in executing judgment against Ammon for their transgressions, emphasizing His sovereign control over nations.

and give you as plunder to the nations
The term "plunder" (בַּז, baz) refers to spoils of war, indicating a complete defeat and humiliation. Historically, this reflects the common practice of conquering nations taking the wealth and people of the defeated as spoils. Theologically, it underscores the consequences of defying God’s will, as Ammon is handed over to other nations, losing their autonomy and wealth. This serves as a warning of the futility of opposing God’s plans.

I will cut you off from the peoples
"Cut you off" (כָּרַת, karat) is a phrase denoting a severe form of judgment, often implying destruction or removal from a covenant community. In the context of ancient Israel, being cut off meant losing identity and protection. For Ammon, this signifies a loss of national identity and a severance from the community of nations, highlighting the severity of divine judgment.

and exterminate you from the lands
The word "exterminate" (אָבַד, abad) conveys total destruction or annihilation. This reflects the historical reality of nations that vanished due to conquest and assimilation. Theologically, it serves as a sobering reminder of the ultimate consequence of persistent rebellion against God. The "lands" (אֲדָמָה, adamah) here may refer to their own territory, emphasizing the complete removal of their presence and influence.

I will destroy you
The repetition of the theme of destruction (שָׁמַד, shamad) reinforces the certainty and totality of the judgment. This is not merely a temporary setback but a definitive end. It serves as a divine assurance that God’s justice will prevail, and His word will be fulfilled.

and you will know that I am the LORD
This concluding phrase is a recurring motif in Ezekiel, emphasizing the purpose of God’s actions: to reveal His identity and sovereignty. The Hebrew name for LORD (יְהוָה, Yahweh) is the covenant name of God, underscoring His faithfulness and authority. The judgment serves as a revelation to the nations of God’s power and holiness, compelling them to acknowledge Him as the one true God. This acknowledgment is not just intellectual but a recognition of His rightful place as the sovereign ruler of all creation.

This is what the Lord GOD says
This phrase introduces a divine oracle, emphasizing the authority and sovereignty of God. In Hebrew, "Adonai Yahweh" is used, underscoring God's lordship and covenant relationship with Israel. It is a reminder that the message comes directly from God, who is both just and merciful, and whose words are to be heeded with reverence.

Because Moab and Seir said
Moab and Seir represent two distinct groups: the Moabites, descendants of Lot, and the Edomites, descendants of Esau. Historically, these nations had a tumultuous relationship with Israel. The mention of both highlights their shared animosity towards Judah. This phrase sets the stage for the judgment that follows, rooted in their attitudes and actions against God's chosen people.

Look, the house of Judah is like all the other nations
This statement reflects a dismissive and contemptuous attitude towards Judah. The Hebrew word for "look" (הִנֵּה, hinneh) is often used to draw attention to something significant. Here, it underscores the scornful observation of Moab and Seir. By equating Judah with other nations, they deny its unique covenantal status with God. This reflects a broader theme in Scripture where the nations often fail to recognize Israel's distinct role in God's redemptive plan. Historically, this attitude led to their downfall, as God defends His people and His purposes.

therefore
This word connects the judgment pronounced in this verse to the preceding context. In the Hebrew text, it is a conjunction that signifies a conclusion or result. The use of "therefore" indicates that the actions of Moab have led to a divine response. In the broader biblical narrative, it underscores the principle of divine justice, where actions have consequences, and God’s judgments are always rooted in His righteousness.

I will expose
The Hebrew root here is "גָּלָה" (galah), which means to uncover or reveal. This term is often used in the context of revealing something hidden or bringing something to light. In this context, it signifies God's intention to lay bare the vulnerabilities of Moab. This exposure is not merely physical but also spiritual, revealing the nation's moral and spiritual nakedness before God.

the flank of Moab
The "flank" refers to the side or border of Moab, indicating a strategic point of vulnerability. Moab, a nation often in conflict with Israel, is being targeted at its weakest points. Historically, Moab was located east of the Dead Sea, and its geographical position made it both a neighbor and a frequent adversary of Israel. Theologically, this exposure of the flank symbolizes God’s ability to penetrate the defenses of those who oppose His will.

beginning with its frontier cities
The phrase highlights the starting point of the judgment. The "frontier cities" were the first line of defense and often the most fortified. By beginning here, God demonstrates His power over the mightiest defenses of Moab. This serves as a reminder that no human fortification can withstand the judgment of God. It also reflects the thoroughness of divine judgment, which leaves no stone unturned.

Beth-jeshimoth
This city, whose name means "house of desolation," was located near the northeastern shore of the Dead Sea. Its mention here is significant as it represents the beginning of Moab’s downfall. Theologically, it symbolizes the desolation that comes upon those who oppose God. Archaeologically, remains of this city have been found, confirming its historical existence and strategic importance.

Baal-meon
Baal-meon, also known as Beth-baal-meon, was another significant city in Moab. The name means "lord of the dwelling," indicating its importance as a center of worship and habitation. The inclusion of Baal-meon in this judgment highlights the futility of relying on false gods and idols. Historically, this city was known for its idolatrous practices, which were abhorrent to the God of Israel.

and Kiriathaim
Kiriathaim, meaning "double city," was another key location in Moab. Its mention underscores the comprehensive nature of the judgment. This city, like the others, was a center of Moabite culture and strength. Theologically, it represents the duality of human pride and the inevitable downfall that comes from opposing God’s sovereignty.

the glory of the land
This phrase refers to the pride and splendor of Moab, which was renowned for its fertile land and strategic cities. However, what was once considered glorious is now subject to divine judgment. In a broader biblical context, this serves as a reminder that earthly glory is fleeting and that true glory belongs to God alone. The judgment upon Moab’s "glory" is a call to humility and recognition of God’s ultimate authority over all nations.

I will give
This phrase indicates a divine action, emphasizing God's sovereignty and authority over nations. The Hebrew root "נָתַן" (natan) means to give, bestow, or grant. It reflects God's control over the fate of nations, underscoring His role as the ultimate judge and ruler. In the context of Ezekiel, it serves as a reminder of God's power to execute judgment and fulfill His promises.

Moab
Moab was a nation east of the Dead Sea, often in conflict with Israel. The Moabites were descendants of Lot, Abraham's nephew, and had a history of idolatry and opposition to God's people. This reference to Moab highlights the consequences of their persistent rebellion against God. Archaeological findings, such as the Mesha Stele, provide historical context for Moab's interactions with Israel and their eventual downfall.

along with the Ammonites
The Ammonites, like the Moabites, were descendants of Lot and frequently opposed Israel. The phrase indicates a shared fate with Moab, suggesting a collective judgment on these neighboring nations. Historically, the Ammonites were known for their hostility towards Israel, and this judgment reflects God's response to their actions.

to the people of the East
This phrase refers to nomadic tribes or groups from the Arabian Desert, often seen as instruments of God's judgment. The Hebrew term "בְּנֵי קֶדֶם" (bene qedem) can denote various eastern peoples, possibly including the Babylonians or other desert tribes. This transfer of land signifies a shift in power and serves as a fulfillment of God's judgment against Moab and Ammon.

as a possession
The concept of possession here implies ownership and control. The Hebrew word "לְמוֹרָשָׁה" (lemorashah) suggests an inheritance or a permanent holding. This indicates a complete transfer of land and power, symbolizing the irreversible nature of God's judgment and the fulfillment of His divine will.

so that the Ammonites will not be remembered
This phrase underscores the totality of the judgment. The Hebrew root "זָכַר" (zakar) means to remember or recall. The erasure of the Ammonites from memory signifies their complete destruction and the end of their influence. It serves as a warning of the consequences of defying God and a reminder of His justice.

among the nations
This phrase places the judgment in a broader context, highlighting the impact on the international stage. The Hebrew "בַּגּוֹיִם" (bagoyim) refers to the surrounding nations, emphasizing that God's actions are witnessed by all. It serves as a testament to God's power and a call for all nations to recognize His sovereignty and righteousness.

So I will execute judgments
The phrase "execute judgments" in Hebrew is "עָשִׂיתִי שְׁפָטִים" (asiti shefatim). The word "execute" implies a decisive action, reflecting God's sovereign authority to carry out His will. The term "judgments" (shefatim) indicates legal decisions or decrees, emphasizing God's role as the ultimate judge. Historically, this reflects the divine justice system where God holds nations accountable for their actions. The execution of judgments is not arbitrary but is rooted in God's righteousness and holiness, serving as a reminder of His moral governance over the world.

on Moab
Moab was a nation east of Israel, often in conflict with the Israelites. The Moabites were descendants of Lot, Abraham's nephew, which adds a familial dimension to their interactions with Israel. Archaeological findings, such as the Mesha Stele, provide insights into Moab's history and its relations with Israel. God's judgment on Moab signifies His impartiality; even nations with historical ties to His people are not exempt from accountability. This serves as a warning and a call to repentance, illustrating that proximity to God's people does not guarantee immunity from His justice.

and they will know
The phrase "they will know" (וְיָדְעוּ, veyade'u) is a recurring theme in Ezekiel, emphasizing the purpose of God's actions. Knowledge here is not merely intellectual but experiential, leading to an acknowledgment of God's sovereignty. This knowledge is transformative, intended to bring about a change in understanding and behavior. It underscores the idea that God's judgments are revelatory, designed to reveal His character and authority to the nations.

that I am the LORD
The declaration "I am the LORD" (אֲנִי יְהוָה, ani YHWH) is a profound assertion of God's identity and authority. The use of "LORD" (YHWH) is significant, as it is the covenant name of God, denoting His eternal, self-existent nature. This phrase is a central theme in Ezekiel, reinforcing God's desire for recognition and relationship. It serves as a reminder of His faithfulness to His covenant and His ultimate control over history. The acknowledgment of God as LORD is the intended outcome of His judgments, leading to a deeper understanding of His divine nature and purposes.

This is what the Lord GOD says
This phrase introduces a divine oracle, emphasizing the authority and sovereignty of God. In Hebrew, "Lord GOD" is "Adonai Yahweh," underscoring God's supreme power and covenantal relationship with Israel. This introduction sets the tone for a message that is not merely a human opinion but a divine decree, reminding us of God's ultimate authority over nations and history.

Because Edom acted vengefully
The Hebrew root for "acted vengefully" is "naqam," which conveys the idea of taking revenge or seeking retribution. Historically, Edom, descended from Esau, harbored a longstanding enmity against Israel, descended from Jacob. This animosity is rooted in the biblical narrative of Jacob and Esau, highlighting the destructive nature of unresolved familial and national conflicts. The phrase serves as a caution against harboring bitterness and seeking personal vengeance, which is contrary to God's call for forgiveness and reconciliation.

against the house of Judah
The "house of Judah" refers to the southern kingdom of Israel, which included the tribes of Judah and Benjamin. Judah was the tribe from which King David and ultimately Jesus Christ descended, making it significant in biblical history. Edom's hostility towards Judah is not just a political conflict but an affront to God's chosen people and His redemptive plan. This phrase reminds us of the importance of aligning with God's purposes and the consequences of opposing His people.

and incurred grievous guilt
The phrase "incurred grievous guilt" indicates a serious moral and spiritual offense. The Hebrew word for "guilt" is "asham," which implies a state of being culpable or liable for wrongdoing. Edom's actions were not just politically motivated but were seen as a violation of divine law, highlighting the biblical principle that nations and individuals are accountable to God for their actions. This serves as a reminder of the seriousness of sin and the need for repentance.

by taking revenge on them
The repetition of the theme of revenge underscores its significance in this passage. The act of "taking revenge" is condemned because it usurps God's role as the ultimate judge and avenger. In the biblical context, vengeance belongs to the Lord (Deuteronomy 32:35, Romans 12:19). This phrase challenges believers to trust in God's justice and to refrain from taking matters into their own hands, encouraging a posture of faith and patience in the face of wrongdoing.

therefore this is what the Lord GOD says
This phrase introduces a divine pronouncement, emphasizing the authority and sovereignty of God. The Hebrew word for "Lord GOD" is "Adonai Yahweh," underscoring God's supreme power and covenantal relationship with Israel. This declaration is not merely a human prediction but a divine decree, highlighting the certainty and seriousness of the forthcoming judgment.

I will stretch out My hand against Edom
The imagery of God stretching out His hand signifies an act of judgment and power. In the Hebrew context, the hand symbolizes strength and action. Edom, the descendants of Esau, had a long-standing enmity with Israel. This phrase indicates that God Himself will actively intervene against Edom, demonstrating His justice and the fulfillment of His promises to protect His people.

cut off man and beast from it
This phrase indicates total devastation. The Hebrew word for "cut off" is "karath," which often implies a covenantal curse or complete destruction. By including both "man and beast," the text emphasizes the thoroughness of the judgment, leaving no remnant of life. This reflects the seriousness of Edom's offenses and the comprehensive nature of divine retribution.

and I will lay it waste
The phrase "lay it waste" conveys utter desolation. The Hebrew root "shamem" means to devastate or make desolate. This is not just a temporary setback but a lasting ruin, signifying the severity of Edom's judgment. Historically, Edom's downfall serves as a testament to the consequences of opposing God's people and His purposes.

from Teman to Dedan
These locations represent the geographical extent of Edom. Teman, often associated with wisdom, and Dedan, a trading center, signify the breadth of Edom's territory and influence. By specifying these locations, the prophecy underscores that no part of Edom will escape judgment, highlighting the comprehensive nature of God's justice.

they will fall by the sword
The sword is a common biblical symbol of warfare and divine judgment. The Hebrew word "chereb" indicates a violent end, often associated with God's retributive justice. This phrase confirms that Edom's downfall will be through conflict and bloodshed, fulfilling the prophetic word and demonstrating the seriousness of opposing God's will.

I will take vengeance
The Hebrew word for "vengeance" is "naqam," which implies a retributive justice that is divinely sanctioned. In the context of the Old Testament, vengeance is not merely about human emotions but about restoring divine order. God's vengeance is a response to the injustices and sins committed by Edom against Israel. This phrase underscores the sovereignty of God in executing justice, reminding us that ultimate justice belongs to Him.

on Edom
Edom, the descendants of Esau, had a long-standing enmity with Israel, the descendants of Jacob. Historically, Edom often opposed Israel, and their animosity is well-documented in the Scriptures. The mention of Edom here is significant as it represents not just a nation but a symbol of opposition to God's people. This highlights the theme of divine retribution against those who oppose God's covenant community.

by the hand of My people Israel
This phrase indicates that God will use Israel as His instrument of judgment. The Hebrew word "yad" (hand) often symbolizes power and action. By using Israel, God reaffirms His covenant relationship with them, showing that they are His chosen people through whom He will enact His will. This also serves as a reminder of the responsibility and privilege of being God's people, called to execute His justice.

and they will deal with Edom
The phrase suggests a direct and active role for Israel in carrying out God's judgment. The Hebrew verb "asah" (to deal) implies action and execution. This reflects the idea that God's people are not passive recipients of His promises but active participants in His divine plan. It also serves as a warning to the nations that oppose God's purposes.

according to My anger and wrath
The words "anger" (Hebrew: "aph") and "wrath" (Hebrew: "chemah") convey the intensity of God's response to sin and injustice. These terms emphasize that God's actions are not arbitrary but are a measured response to the moral and spiritual failures of Edom. This highlights the holiness of God, who cannot tolerate sin and will act to uphold His righteousness.

they will know My vengeance
The phrase "they will know" (Hebrew: "yada") implies an experiential understanding. It is not merely intellectual but involves a deep, personal realization of God's power and justice. This serves as a sobering reminder that God's actions are meant to lead to a recognition of His sovereignty and righteousness.

declares the Lord GOD
The use of "declares" (Hebrew: "ne'um") signifies a solemn pronouncement. The title "Lord GOD" (Hebrew: "Adonai Yahweh") underscores the authority and majesty of God. This closing affirmation assures the certainty of the prophecy, reminding us that God's word is faithful and true. It is a call to trust in His promises and to live in reverence of His divine authority.

This is what the Lord GOD says
This phrase introduces a divine oracle, emphasizing the authority and sovereignty of God. The Hebrew term for "Lord GOD" is "Adonai Yahweh," underscoring God's supreme power and covenantal relationship with Israel. It is a reminder that the message comes directly from the Creator, who is both just and merciful.

Because the Philistines acted in vengeance
The Philistines were a longstanding enemy of Israel, often at odds with God's people. The Hebrew word for "vengeance" is "naqam," which implies a retaliatory action driven by a desire for retribution. This highlights the Philistines' deliberate and hostile actions against Judah, which were not sanctioned by God. Historically, the Philistines occupied the coastal regions of Canaan and were known for their military prowess and conflicts with Israel.

taking vengeance with malice in their hearts
The phrase "malice in their hearts" suggests a deep-seated animosity and ill will. The Hebrew word for "malice" is "she'it," indicating a premeditated and spiteful intent. This reveals the Philistines' internal motivations, which were not just about justice or defense but were rooted in a profound hatred. This malice is condemned by God, who sees the heart and judges the intentions behind actions.

and seeking to destroy Judah
The Philistines' objective was not merely to retaliate but to annihilate Judah. The Hebrew verb "shamad" means to destroy or exterminate, indicating a total and complete obliteration. This reflects the severity of their hostility and the existential threat they posed to God's chosen people. Historically, Judah was the southern kingdom of Israel, and its preservation was crucial for the fulfillment of God's promises.

with ancient hostility
The term "ancient hostility" refers to a long-standing enmity. The Hebrew word "olam" means everlasting or perpetual, suggesting that this hostility was not a recent development but had deep historical roots. This enmity can be traced back to the early interactions between the Philistines and Israelites, as seen in the narratives of Samson, Saul, and David. It serves as a reminder of the enduring nature of some conflicts and the need for divine intervention to bring about true peace and reconciliation.

therefore this is what the Lord GOD says
This phrase introduces a divine pronouncement, emphasizing the authority and sovereignty of God. The Hebrew term for "Lord GOD" is "Adonai Yahweh," underscoring God's supreme power and covenantal relationship with Israel. This introduction sets the stage for a judgment that is both righteous and inevitable, reflecting God's consistent character throughout Scripture.

Behold
The Hebrew word "hinneh" is used here, which serves as a call to attention. It is a divine alert, urging the listener to pay close attention to the significant action God is about to undertake. This word often precedes a revelation of God's will or a significant event, highlighting its importance.

I will stretch out My hand
This phrase is a common biblical metaphor for divine intervention, often associated with judgment or deliverance. The imagery of God's hand signifies power and authority. In the context of judgment, it conveys the certainty and decisiveness of God's actions against those who oppose His will.

against the Philistines
The Philistines were a perennial enemy of Israel, known for their conflicts with figures like Samson and David. Historically, they were a seafaring people who settled along the coastal regions of Canaan. Their mention here signifies God's judgment on nations that have persistently opposed His people and purposes.

I will cut off the Cherethites
The Cherethites are often associated with the Philistines, possibly as a subgroup or mercenaries. The Hebrew word "karath" means to cut off or destroy, indicating a complete removal or annihilation. This reflects God's thorough judgment against those who have aligned themselves against His covenant people.

and destroy the remnant along the coast
The term "remnant" refers to what is left of a people or group after a significant portion has been removed or destroyed. In this context, it highlights the totality of God's judgment, leaving no survivors among those who have opposed Him. The "coast" refers to the Philistine territories along the Mediterranean, emphasizing the geographical scope of this divine action.

I will execute great vengeance on them with furious rebukes
I will execute
The phrase indicates God's direct action and intervention. The Hebrew root for "execute" is often associated with carrying out justice or judgment. In the context of Ezekiel, God is asserting His sovereignty and His role as the ultimate judge. This reflects the biblical theme that God is actively involved in the affairs of nations and individuals, ensuring that His divine justice is fulfilled.

great vengeance
The term "vengeance" in Hebrew is "naqam," which implies retribution or recompense. It is important to understand that biblical vengeance is not about human emotions of revenge but about restoring divine order and justice. God's vengeance is portrayed as righteous and just, aimed at correcting wrongs and upholding His holiness.

on them
This phrase refers to the nations surrounding Israel, specifically the Ammonites, Moabites, Edomites, and Philistines, as mentioned earlier in Ezekiel 25. These nations had acted against Israel, and thus against God's covenant people. The historical context reveals that these nations often opposed Israel, and their actions warranted divine judgment.

with furious rebukes
The word "furious" conveys the intensity of God's response. The Hebrew word "chemah" is often translated as "wrath" or "fury," indicating a passionate expression of God's displeasure. "Rebukes" suggests correction or chastisement. Together, this phrase emphasizes the seriousness of God's judgment and His commitment to addressing sin and injustice.

Then they will know that I am the LORD
This concluding phrase, which appears frequently in Ezekiel, underscores the purpose of God's actions. The ultimate goal of divine judgment is not merely punishment but revelation. Through these acts, God reveals His identity, power, and authority. The acknowledgment of God as LORD is central to the biblical narrative, calling all people to recognize His sovereignty and submit to His will.