Job 31:16
New International Version
“If I have denied the desires of the poor or let the eyes of the widow grow weary,

New Living Translation
“Have I refused to help the poor, or crushed the hopes of widows?

English Standard Version
“If I have withheld anything that the poor desired, or have caused the eyes of the widow to fail,

Berean Standard Bible
If I have denied the desires of the poor or allowed the widow’s eyes to fail,

King James Bible
If I have withheld the poor from their desire, or have caused the eyes of the widow to fail;

New King James Version
“If I have kept the poor from their desire, Or caused the eyes of the widow to fail,

New American Standard Bible
“If I have kept the poor from their desire, Or have caused the eyes of the widow to fail,

NASB 1995
“If I have kept the poor from their desire, Or have caused the eyes of the widow to fail,

NASB 1977
“If I have kept the poor from their desire, Or have caused the eyes of the widow to fail,

Legacy Standard Bible
“If I have held back the poor from their desire, Or have caused the eyes of the widow to fail,

Amplified Bible
“If I have withheld from the poor what they desired, Or have caused the eyes of the widow to look in vain [for relief],

Christian Standard Bible
If I have refused the wishes of the poor or let the widow’s eyes go blind,

Holman Christian Standard Bible
If I have refused the wishes of the poor or let the widow’s eyes go blind,

American Standard Version
If I have withheld the poor from their desire, Or have caused the eyes of the widow to fail,

Contemporary English Version
I have never cheated widows or others in need,

English Revised Version
If I have withheld the poor from their desire, or have caused the eyes of the widow to fail;

GOD'S WORD® Translation
"If I have refused the requests of the poor or made a widow's eyes stop [looking for help],

Good News Translation
I have never refused to help the poor; never have I let widows live in despair

International Standard Version
"If I refused to grant the desire of the poor or exhausted the eyes of the widow,

Majority Standard Bible
If I have denied the desires of the poor or allowed the widow’s eyes to fail,

NET Bible
If I have refused to give the poor what they desired, or caused the eyes of the widow to fail,

New Heart English Bible
"If I have withheld the poor from their desire, or have caused the eyes of the widow to fail,

Webster's Bible Translation
If I have withheld the poor from their desire, or have caused the eyes of the widow to fail;

World English Bible
“If I have withheld the poor from their desire, or have caused the eyes of the widow to fail,
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
If I withhold the poor from pleasure, "" And consume the eyes of the widow,

Young's Literal Translation
If I withhold from pleasure the poor, And the eyes of the widow do consume,

Smith's Literal Translation
If I shall withhold from the desire of the poor, and cause the eyes of the widow to fail;
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
If I have denied to the poor what they desired, and have made the eyes of the widow wait:

Catholic Public Domain Version
If I have denied the poor what they wanted and have made the eyes of the widow wait;

New American Bible
If I have denied anything that the poor desired, or allowed the eyes of the widow to languish

New Revised Standard Version
“If I have withheld anything that the poor desired, or have caused the eyes of the widow to fail,
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
If I have withheld the poor from his desire, or have defrauded the widow,

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
If I have withheld from the poor a thing that he desired, or if I have darkened the eyes of a widow
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
If I have withheld aught that the poor desired, Or have caused the eyes of the widow to fail;

Brenton Septuagint Translation
But the helpless missed not whatever need they had, and I did not cause the eye of the widow to fail.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Job's Final Appeal
15Did not He who made me in the womb also make them? Did not the same One form us in the womb? 16If I have denied the desires of the poor or allowed the widow’s eyes to fail, 17if I have eaten my morsel alone, not sharing it with the fatherless—…

Cross References
James 1:27
Pure and undefiled religion before our God and Father is this: to care for orphans and widows in their distress, and to keep oneself from being polluted by the world.

Isaiah 58:6-7
Isn’t this the fast that I have chosen: to break the chains of wickedness, to untie the cords of the yoke, to set the oppressed free and tear off every yoke? / Isn’t it to share your bread with the hungry, to bring the poor and homeless into your home, to clothe the naked when you see him, and not to turn away from your own flesh and blood?

Matthew 25:35-40
For I was hungry and you gave Me something to eat, I was thirsty and you gave Me something to drink, I was a stranger and you took Me in, / I was naked and you clothed Me, I was sick and you looked after Me, I was in prison and you visited Me.’ / Then the righteous will answer Him, ‘Lord, when did we see You hungry and feed You, or thirsty and give You something to drink? ...

Proverbs 21:13
Whoever shuts his ears to the cry of the poor, he too shall cry out and receive no answer.

1 John 3:17-18
If anyone with earthly possessions sees his brother in need, but withholds his compassion from him, how can the love of God abide in him? / Little children, let us love not in word and speech, but in action and truth.

Deuteronomy 15:7-11
If there is a poor man among your brothers within any of the gates in the land that the LORD your God is giving you, then you are not to harden your heart or shut your hand from your poor brother. / Instead, you are to open your hand to him and freely loan him whatever he needs. / Be careful not to harbor this wicked thought in your heart: “The seventh year, the year of release, is near,” so that you look upon your poor brother begrudgingly and give him nothing. He will cry out to the LORD against you, and you will be guilty of sin. ...

Luke 3:11
John replied, “Whoever has two tunics should share with him who has none, and whoever has food should do the same.”

Galatians 2:10
They only asked us to remember the poor, the very thing I was eager to do.

Proverbs 19:17
Kindness to the poor is a loan to the LORD, and He will repay the lender.

Isaiah 1:17
Learn to do right; seek justice and correct the oppressor. Defend the fatherless and plead the case of the widow.”

1 Timothy 6:18
Instruct them to do good, to be rich in good works, and to be generous and ready to share,

Ezekiel 18:7
He does not oppress another, but restores the pledge to the debtor. He does not commit robbery, but gives his bread to the hungry and covers the naked with clothing.

Acts 20:35
In everything, I showed you that by this kind of hard work we must help the weak, remembering the words of the Lord Jesus Himself: ‘It is more blessed to give than to receive.’”

Psalm 82:3-4
Defend the cause of the weak and fatherless; uphold the rights of the afflicted and oppressed. / Rescue the weak and needy; save them from the hand of the wicked.

Romans 12:13
Share with the saints who are in need. Practice hospitality.


Treasury of Scripture

If I have withheld the poor from their desire, or have caused the eyes of the widow to fail;

withheld

Job 22:7-9
Thou hast not given water to the weary to drink, and thou hast withholden bread from the hungry…

Deuteronomy 15:7-10
If there be among you a poor man of one of thy brethren within any of thy gates in thy land which the LORD thy God giveth thee, thou shalt not harden thine heart, nor shut thine hand from thy poor brother: …

Psalm 112:9
He hath dispersed, he hath given to the poor; his righteousness endureth for ever; his horn shall be exalted with honour.

the eyes

Deuteronomy 28:32
Thy sons and thy daughters shall be given unto another people, and thine eyes shall look, and fail with longing for them all the day long: and there shall be no might in thine hand.

Psalm 69:3
I am weary of my crying: my throat is dried: mine eyes fail while I wait for my God.

Psalm 119:82,123
Mine eyes fail for thy word, saying, When wilt thou comfort me? …

Jump to Previous
Aught Caused Consume Denied Desire Desired Desires Eye Eyes Fail Grow Help Kept Pleasure Poor Purpose Weary Widow Widow's Withheld Withhold
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Aught Caused Consume Denied Desire Desired Desires Eye Eyes Fail Grow Help Kept Pleasure Poor Purpose Weary Widow Widow's Withheld Withhold
Job 31
1. Job makes a solemn protestation of his integrity in several duties














If I have denied
The phrase "If I have denied" suggests a self-examination and a conditional statement reflecting Job's integrity. The Hebrew root for "denied" is "כָּחַשׁ" (kachash), which implies a failure to acknowledge or provide. In the context of ancient Israel, denying someone was not just a personal failure but a breach of communal responsibility. Job is asserting his righteousness by claiming he has not failed in his duty to others, which was a significant aspect of the covenantal community life.

the desires of the poor
The "desires of the poor" refers to the basic needs and rights of those who are economically disadvantaged. The Hebrew word for "poor" is "עָנִי" (ani), which often denotes those who are oppressed or afflicted. In the biblical context, the poor were seen as under God's special protection, and there was a strong expectation for the righteous to care for them. Job's claim here is that he has not ignored or dismissed the legitimate needs of the poor, aligning with the biblical mandate to support and uplift the marginalized.

or allowed the widow’s eyes to fail
The phrase "allowed the widow’s eyes to fail" is a vivid metaphor for neglecting the needs of widows, who were among the most vulnerable in ancient society. The Hebrew word for "widow" is "אַלְמָנָה" (almanah), and widows were often left without support or protection. The "eyes to fail" suggests a loss of hope or expectation, indicating that Job has not caused despair by neglecting his duty to provide for them. This reflects the biblical principle found throughout Scripture that emphasizes caring for widows as a measure of true righteousness and faithfulness to God.

Verse 16. - If I have withheld the poor from their desire. As Eliphaz had maintained (Job 22:6, 7), and as Job had already denied (Job 29:12, 16). The duty of relieving the poor, solemnly enjoined upon the people of Israel in the Law (Deuteronomy 15:7-11), was generally admitted by the civilized nations of antiquity. In Egypt it was especially insisted on. "The Egyptian's duties to mankind," says Dr. Birch, "were comprised in giving bread to the hungry, drink to the thirsty, clothes to the naked, oil to the wounded, and burial to the dead" ('Egypt from the Earliest Times,' p. 46). Or have caused the eyes of the widow to fail. "Thou hast sent widows away empty," was one of the accusations of Eliphaz (Job 22:9). "I caused the widow's heart," replied Job, "to sing for joy" (Job 29:13). The widow's weakness has always been felt to give her a special claim on man's benevolence (see Exodus 22:22; Deuteronomy 14:29; Deuteronomy 16:11, 14; Deuteronomy 24:19; Deuteronomy 26:12, 13; Psalm 146:9; Proverbs 15:25; Isaiah 1:17; Jeremiah 7:6; Malachi 3:5; 1 Timothy 5:16; James 1:27).

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
If
אִם־ (’im-)
Conjunction
Strong's 518: Lo!, whether?, if, although, Oh that!, when, not

I have denied
אֶ֭מְנַע (’em·na‘)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common singular
Strong's 4513: To debar, from benefit, injury

the desires
מֵחֵ֣פֶץ (mê·ḥê·p̄eṣ)
Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 2656: Pleasure, desire, a valuable thing, a matter

of the poor
דַּלִּ֑ים (dal·lîm)
Adjective - masculine plural construct
Strong's 1800: Dangling, weak, thin

or allowed the widow’s
אַלְמָנָ֣ה (’al·mā·nāh)
Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 490: A widow, a desolate place

eyes
וְעֵינֵ֖י (wə·‘ê·nê)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - cdc
Strong's 5869: An eye, a fountain

to fail,
אֲכַלֶּֽה׃ (’ă·ḵal·leh)
Verb - Piel - Imperfect - first person common singular
Strong's 3615: To be complete, at an end, finished, accomplished, or spent


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OT Poetry: Job 31:16 If I have withheld the poor (Jb)
Job 31:15
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