Job 31:21
New International Version
if I have raised my hand against the fatherless, knowing that I had influence in court,

New Living Translation
“If I raised my hand against an orphan, knowing the judges would take my side,

English Standard Version
if I have raised my hand against the fatherless, because I saw my help in the gate,

Berean Standard Bible
if I have lifted up my hand against the fatherless because I saw that I had support in the gate,

King James Bible
If I have lifted up my hand against the fatherless, when I saw my help in the gate:

New King James Version
If I have raised my hand against the fatherless, When I saw I had help in the gate;

New American Standard Bible
If I have lifted up my hand against the orphan, Because I saw I had support in the gate,

NASB 1995
If I have lifted up my hand against the orphan, Because I saw I had support in the gate,

NASB 1977
If I have lifted up my hand against the orphan, Because I saw I had support in the gate,

Legacy Standard Bible
If I have waved my hand against the orphan Because I saw my help in the gate,

Amplified Bible
If I have lifted my hand against the orphan, Because I saw [that the judges would be] my help at the [council] gate,

Christian Standard Bible
if I ever cast my vote against a fatherless child when I saw that I had support in the city gate,

Holman Christian Standard Bible
if I ever cast my vote against a fatherless child when I saw that I had support in the city gate,

American Standard Version
If I have lifted up my hand against the fatherless, Because I saw my help in the gate:

Contemporary English Version
If I have ever raised my arm to threaten an orphan when the power was mine,

English Revised Version
If I have lifted up my hand against the fatherless, because I saw my help in the gate:

GOD'S WORD® Translation
If I have shaken my fist at an orphan because I knew that others would back me up in court,

Good News Translation
If I have ever cheated an orphan, knowing I could win in court,

International Standard Version
if I've raised my hand against an orphan when I thought I would against him in court,

Majority Standard Bible
if I have lifted up my hand against the fatherless because I saw that I had support in the gate,

NET Bible
if I have raised my hand to vote against the orphan, when I saw my support in the court,

New Heart English Bible
if I have lifted up my hand against the fatherless, because I saw my help in the gate,

Webster's Bible Translation
If I have lifted up my hand against the fatherless, when I saw my help in the gate:

World English Bible
if I have lifted up my hand against the fatherless, because I saw my help in the gate;
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
If I have waved my hand at the fatherless, "" When I see [him] in the gate of my court,

Young's Literal Translation
If I have waved at the fatherless my hand, When I see in him the gate of my court,

Smith's Literal Translation
If I lifted up my hand against the orphan when I shall see, my help in the gate:
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
If I have lifted up my hand against the fatherless, even when I saw myself superior in the gate:

Catholic Public Domain Version
if I have lifted up my hand over an orphan, even when it might seem to me that I the advantage over him at the gate;

New American Bible
If I have raised my hand against the innocent because I saw that I had supporters at the gate—

New Revised Standard Version
if I have raised my hand against the orphan, because I saw I had supporters at the gate;
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
If I have lifted up my hand against the fatherless (when I saw him at the door I helped him);

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
If I have lifted my hands against the orphan, (but whenever I saw him at the door I helped him)
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
If I have lifted up my hand against the fatherless, Because I saw my help in the gate;

Brenton Septuagint Translation
if I lifted my hand against an orphan, trusting that my strength was far superior to his:

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Job's Final Appeal
20if his heart has not blessed me for warming him with the fleece of my sheep, 21if I have lifted up my hand against the fatherless because I saw that I had support in the gate, 22then may my arm fall from my shoulder and be torn from its socket.…

Cross References
Exodus 22:22-24
You must not mistreat any widow or orphan. / If you do mistreat them, and they cry out to Me in distress, I will surely hear their cry. / My anger will be kindled, and I will kill you with the sword; then your wives will become widows and your children will be fatherless.

Deuteronomy 27:19
‘Cursed is he who withholds justice from the foreigner, the fatherless, or the widow.’ And let all the people say, ‘Amen!’

Isaiah 1:17
Learn to do right; seek justice and correct the oppressor. Defend the fatherless and plead the case of the widow.”

Jeremiah 22:3
This is what the LORD says: Administer justice and righteousness. Rescue the victim of robbery from the hand of his oppressor. Do no wrong or violence to the foreigner, the fatherless, or the widow. Do not shed innocent blood in this place.

Zechariah 7:10
Do not oppress the widow or the fatherless, the foreigner or the poor. And do not plot evil in your hearts against one another.’

Proverbs 31:8-9
Open your mouth for those with no voice, for the cause of all the dispossessed. / Open your mouth, judge righteously, and defend the cause of the poor and needy.

Psalm 82:3-4
Defend the cause of the weak and fatherless; uphold the rights of the afflicted and oppressed. / Rescue the weak and needy; save them from the hand of the wicked.

Psalm 10:14
But You have regarded trouble and grief; You see to repay it by Your hand. The victim entrusts himself to You; You are the helper of the fatherless.

Psalm 68:5
A father of the fatherless and a defender of widows is God in His holy habitation.

Proverbs 22:22-23
Do not rob a poor man because he is poor, and do not crush the afflicted at the gate, / for the LORD will take up their case and will plunder those who rob them.

James 1:27
Pure and undefiled religion before our God and Father is this: to care for orphans and widows in their distress, and to keep oneself from being polluted by the world.

Matthew 25:35-40
For I was hungry and you gave Me something to eat, I was thirsty and you gave Me something to drink, I was a stranger and you took Me in, / I was naked and you clothed Me, I was sick and you looked after Me, I was in prison and you visited Me.’ / Then the righteous will answer Him, ‘Lord, when did we see You hungry and feed You, or thirsty and give You something to drink? ...

Luke 18:1-8
Then Jesus told them a parable about their need to pray at all times and not lose heart: / “In a certain town there was a judge who neither feared God nor respected men. / And there was a widow in that town who kept appealing to him, ‘Give me justice against my adversary.’ ...

Galatians 6:9-10
Let us not grow weary in well-doing, for in due time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up. / Therefore, as we have opportunity, let us do good to everyone, and especially to the family of faith.

1 John 3:17-18
If anyone with earthly possessions sees his brother in need, but withholds his compassion from him, how can the love of God abide in him? / Little children, let us love not in word and speech, but in action and truth.


Treasury of Scripture

If I have lifted up my hand against the fatherless, when I saw my help in the gate:

lifted

Job 6:27
Yea, ye overwhelm the fatherless, and ye dig a pit for your friend.

Job 22:9
Thou hast sent widows away empty, and the arms of the fatherless have been broken.

Job 24:9
They pluck the fatherless from the breast, and take a pledge of the poor.

when

Micah 2:1,2
Woe to them that devise iniquity, and work evil upon their beds! when the morning is light, they practise it, because it is in the power of their hand…

Micah 7:3
That they may do evil with both hands earnestly, the prince asketh, and the judge asketh for a reward; and the great man, he uttereth his mischievous desire: so they wrap it up.

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Job 31
1. Job makes a solemn protestation of his integrity in several duties














if I have raised my hand
This phrase signifies an act of aggression or injustice. In ancient times, raising one's hand was often symbolic of taking an oath or making a decisive action, sometimes for violence or oppression. The Hebrew root word "נָשָׂא" (nasa) can mean to lift or carry, but in this context, it implies an act of power or authority used unjustly. Job is asserting his innocence by denying any misuse of power against the vulnerable.

against the fatherless
The "fatherless" refers to orphans, who were among the most vulnerable in ancient society. The Hebrew word "יָתוֹם" (yathom) emphasizes the lack of protection and provision that a father would typically provide. In the biblical context, God repeatedly commands His people to care for orphans, widows, and strangers, highlighting His concern for justice and mercy. Job's claim here underscores his adherence to God's commands and his moral integrity.

because I saw that I had support
This phrase suggests a temptation to misuse power due to having backing or influence. The Hebrew word "שָׁעַן" (sha'an) means to lean on or rely upon, indicating a sense of security or confidence. Job is confessing that even when he had the opportunity to exploit his position, he refrained. This reflects his commitment to righteousness over personal gain or societal pressure.

in the gate
The "gate" was the place of legal transactions and public affairs in ancient cities. It was where elders and leaders gathered to make decisions and administer justice. The Hebrew word "שַׁעַר" (sha'ar) denotes this significant location. Job's mention of the gate implies that he had influence and authority in these public matters, yet he chose not to abuse it. This highlights his integrity and the high ethical standards he maintained, even in positions of power.

Verse 21. - If I have lifted up my hand against the fatherless; i.e. if I have in any way oppressed him. When I saw my help in the gate; i.e.. when I had the power to do so - when I saw my friends and hangers-on mustered in force at the gate where causes were being tried. The wrong and robbery which the poor suffer in the East have always been camel, to a large extent, by failure of justice in the courts, where might, and not right, carries the day.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
if
אִם־ (’im-)
Conjunction
Strong's 518: Lo!, whether?, if, although, Oh that!, when, not

I have lifted
הֲנִיפ֣וֹתִי (hă·nî·p̄ō·w·ṯî)
Verb - Hifil - Perfect - first person common singular
Strong's 5130: To move to and fro, wave, sprinkle

up my hand
יָדִ֑י (yā·ḏî)
Noun - feminine singular construct | first person common singular
Strong's 3027: A hand

against
עַל־ (‘al-)
Preposition
Strong's 5921: Above, over, upon, against

the fatherless
יָת֣וֹם (yā·ṯō·wm)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 3490: A bereaved person

because
כִּֽי־ (kî-)
Conjunction
Strong's 3588: A relative conjunction

I saw
אֶרְאֶ֥ה (’er·’eh)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common singular
Strong's 7200: To see

that I had support
עֶזְרָתִֽי׃ (‘ez·rā·ṯî)
Noun - feminine singular construct | first person common singular
Strong's 5833: Help, helper, assistance

in the gate,
בַ֝שַּׁ֗עַר (ḇaš·ša·‘ar)
Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 8179: An opening, door, gate


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OT Poetry: Job 31:21 If I have lifted up my hand (Jb)
Job 31:20
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