Genesis 38:14
New International Version
she took off her widow’s clothes, covered herself with a veil to disguise herself, and then sat down at the entrance to Enaim, which is on the road to Timnah. For she saw that, though Shelah had now grown up, she had not been given to him as his wife.

New Living Translation
Tamar was aware that Shelah had grown up, but no arrangements had been made for her to come and marry him. So she changed out of her widow’s clothing and covered herself with a veil to disguise herself. Then she sat beside the road at the entrance to the village of Enaim, which is on the road to Timnah.

English Standard Version
she took off her widow’s garments and covered herself with a veil, wrapping herself up, and sat at the entrance to Enaim, which is on the road to Timnah. For she saw that Shelah was grown up, and she had not been given to him in marriage.

Berean Standard Bible
she removed her widow’s garments, covered her face with a veil to disguise herself, and sat at the entrance to Enaim, which is on the way to Timnah. For she saw that although Shelah had grown up, she had not been given to him as a wife.

King James Bible
And she put her widow's garments off from her, and covered her with a vail, and wrapped herself, and sat in an open place, which is by the way to Timnath; for she saw that Shelah was grown, and she was not given unto him to wife.

New King James Version
So she took off her widow’s garments, covered herself with a veil and wrapped herself, and sat in an open place which was on the way to Timnah; for she saw that Shelah was grown, and she was not given to him as a wife.

New American Standard Bible
So she removed her widow’s garments and covered herself with a veil, and wrapped herself, and sat in the gateway of Enaim, which is on the road to Timnah; for she saw that Shelah had grown up, and she had not been given to him as a wife.

NASB 1995
So she removed her widow’s garments and covered herself with a veil, and wrapped herself, and sat in the gateway of Enaim, which is on the road to Timnah; for she saw that Shelah had grown up, and she had not been given to him as a wife.

NASB 1977
So she removed her widow’s garments and covered herself with a veil, and wrapped herself, and sat in the gateway of Enaim, which is on the road to Timnah; for she saw that Shelah had grown up, and she had not been given to him as a wife.

Legacy Standard Bible
So she removed her widow’s garments from herself and covered herself with a veil and wrapped herself. And she sat at the entrance of Enaim, which is on the road to Timnah; for she saw that Shelah had grown up, and she had not been given to him as a wife.

Amplified Bible
So she removed her widow’s clothes and covered herself with a veil, and wrapped herself up [in disguise], and sat in the gateway of Enaim, which is on the road to Timnah; for she saw that Shelah had grown up, and she had not been given to him as a wife [as Judah had promised].

Christian Standard Bible
So she took off her widow’s clothes, veiled her face, covered herself, and sat at the entrance to Enaim, which is on the way to Timnah. For she saw that, though Shelah had grown up, she had not been given to him as a wife.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
So she took off her widow’s clothes, veiled her face, covered herself, and sat at the entrance to Enaim, which is on the way to Timnah. For she saw that, though Shelah had grown up, she had not been given to him as a wife.

American Standard Version
And she put off from her the garments of her widowhood, and covered herself with her veil, and wrapped herself, and sat in the gate of Enaim, which is by the way to Timnah; for she saw that Shelah was grown up, and she was not given unto him to wife.

Contemporary English Version
She also realized that Shelah was now a grown man, but she had not been allowed to marry him. So she decided to dress in something other than her widow's clothes and to cover her face with a veil. After this, she sat outside the town of Enaim on the road to Timnah.

English Revised Version
And she put off from her the garments of her widowhood, and covered herself with her veil, and wrapped herself, and sat in the gate of Enaim, which is by the way to Timnah; for she saw that Shelah was grown up, and she was not given unto him to wife.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
she took off her widow's clothes, covered her face with a veil, and disguised herself. Then she sat down at the entrance to Enaim, which is on the road to Timnah. (She did this because she realized that Shelah was grown up now, and she hadn't been given to him in marriage.)

Good News Translation
So she changed from the widow's clothes she had been wearing, covered her face with a veil, and sat down at the entrance to Enaim, a town on the road to Timnah. As she well knew, Judah's youngest son Shelah was now grown up, and yet she had not been given to him in marriage.

International Standard Version
So she took off her mourning apparel, covered herself with a shawl, and concealed her outward appearance. Then she went out and sat at the entrance of Enaim, which is on the way to Timnah, because she knew that even though Shelah had grown up, she wasn't being given to him as his wife.

Majority Standard Bible
she removed her widow’s garments, covered her face with a veil to disguise herself, and sat at the entrance to Enaim, which is on the way to Timnah. For she saw that although Shelah had grown up, she had not been given to him as a wife.

NET Bible
So she removed her widow's clothes and covered herself with a veil. She wrapped herself and sat at the entrance to Enaim which is on the way to Timnah. (She did this because she saw that she had not been given to Shelah as a wife, even though he had now grown up.)

New Heart English Bible
She took off her widow’s clothes and covered herself with a veil, and wrapped herself, and sat at the entrance to Enaim, which is on the way to Timnah. For she saw that Shelah was grown up, and she had not been given to him as a wife.

Webster's Bible Translation
And she put off from her, her widow's garments, and covered her with a vail, and wrapped herself, and sat in an open place, which is by the way to Timnath: for she saw that Shelah was grown, and she was not given to him for a wife.

World English Bible
She took off the garments of her widowhood, and covered herself with her veil, and wrapped herself, and sat in the gate of Enaim, which is on the way to Timnah; for she saw that Shelah was grown up, and she wasn’t given to him as a wife.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
and she turns aside the garments of her widowhood from off her, and covers herself with a veil, and wraps herself up, and sits in the opening of Enayim, which [is] by the way to Timnath, for she has seen that Shelah has grown up, and she has not been given to him for a wife.

Young's Literal Translation
and she turneth aside the garments of her widowhood from off her, and covereth herself with a vail, and wrappeth herself up, and sitteth in the opening of Enayim, which is by the way to Timnath, for she hath seen that Shelah hath grown up, and she hath not been given to him for a wife.

Smith's Literal Translation
And she will remove the garments of her widowhood from her, and she will be covered with a veil, and will veil herself and will sit in the entrance of the eyes, which is upon the way to Timnath; for she saw that Shelah was great, and she was not given to him for a wife.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
And she put off the garments of her widowhood, and took a veil: and changing her dress, sat in the cross way, that leadeth to Thamnas: because Sela was grown up, and she had not been married to him.

Catholic Public Domain Version
And storing away the garments of her widowhood, she took up a veil. And changing her clothing, she sat at the crossroad that leads to Timnah, because Shelah had grown up, and she had not received him as a husband.

New American Bible
So she took off her widow’s garments, covered herself with a shawl, and having wrapped herself sat down at the entrance to Enaim, which is on the way to Timnah; for she was aware that, although Shelah was now grown up, she had not been given to him in marriage.

New Revised Standard Version
she put off her widow’s garments, put on a veil, wrapped herself up, and sat down at the entrance to Enaim, which is on the road to Timnah. She saw that Shelah was grown up, yet she had not been given to him in marriage.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
And she put off her widow's dress, and adorned herself, and covered her face with a veil, and sat down at the parting of the road to Timnath; for she saw that Shelah was grown up, and she was not given to him to wife.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And she put away the clothes of her widowhood from her, and she was covered with a veil and she was adorned, and she sat in the crossing of the roads, which is on the road of Tamnath, because she saw that Shela had grown and she had not been given to him.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
And she put off from her the garments of her widowhood, and covered herself with her veil, and wrapped herself, and sat in the entrance of Enaim, which is by the way to Timnah; for she saw that Shelah was grown up, and she was not given unto him to wife.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And having taken off the garments of her widowhood from her, she put on a veil, and ornamented her face, and sat by the gates of Aenan, which is in the way to Thamna, for she saw that Selom was grown; but he gave her not to him for a wife.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Judah and Tamar
13When Tamar was told, “Your father-in-law is going up to Timnah to shear his sheep,” 14she removed her widow’s garments, covered her face with a veil to disguise herself, and sat at the entrance to Enaim, which is on the way to Timnah. For she saw that although Shelah had grown up, she had not been given to him as a wife. 15When Judah saw her, he thought she was a prostitute because she had covered her face.…

Cross References
Deuteronomy 25:5-10
When brothers dwell together and one of them dies without a son, the widow must not marry outside the family. Her husband’s brother is to take her as his wife and fulfill the duty of a brother-in-law for her. / The first son she bears will carry on the name of the dead brother, so that his name will not be blotted out from Israel. / But if the man does not want to marry his brother’s widow, she is to go to the elders at the city gate and say, “My husband’s brother refuses to preserve his brother’s name in Israel. He is not willing to perform the duty of a brother-in-law for me.” ...

Ruth 3:3
Therefore wash yourself, put on perfume, and wear your best clothes. Go down to the threshing floor, but do not let the man know you are there until he has finished eating and drinking.

Hosea 4:14
I will not punish your daughters when they prostitute themselves, nor your daughters-in-law when they commit adultery. For the men themselves go off with prostitutes and offer sacrifices with shrine prostitutes. So a people without understanding will come to ruin.

Proverbs 7:10
Then a woman came out to meet him, with the attire of a harlot and cunning of heart.

Leviticus 22:13
But if a priest’s daughter with no children becomes widowed or divorced and returns to her father’s house, she may share her father’s food as in her youth. But no outsider may share it.

Numbers 30:9
Every vow a widow or divorced woman pledges to fulfill is binding on her.

Isaiah 3:16
The LORD also says: “Because the daughters of Zion are haughty—walking with heads held high and wanton eyes, prancing and skipping as they go, jingling the bracelets on their ankles—

Ezekiel 16:32
You adulterous wife! You receive strangers instead of your own husband!

2 Samuel 13:18
So Amnon’s attendant threw her out and bolted the door behind her. Now Tamar was wearing a robe of many colors, because this is what the king’s virgin daughters wore.

Jeremiah 3:3
Therefore the showers have been withheld, and no spring rains have fallen. Yet you have the brazen look of a prostitute; you refuse to be ashamed.

Matthew 1:3
Judah was the father of Perez and Zerah by Tamar, Perez the father of Hezron, and Hezron the father of Ram.

Matthew 22:24
“Teacher,” they said, “Moses declared that if a man dies without having children, his brother is to marry the widow and raise up offspring for him.

Mark 12:19
“Teacher, Moses wrote for us that if a man’s brother dies and leaves a wife but no children, the man is to marry his brother’s widow and raise up offspring for him.

Luke 20:28
“Teacher,” they said, “Moses wrote for us that if a man’s brother dies and leaves a wife but no children, the man is to marry his brother’s widow and raise up offspring for him.

1 Corinthians 7:39
A wife is bound to her husband as long as he lives. But if her husband dies, she is free to marry anyone she wishes, as long as he belongs to the Lord.


Treasury of Scripture

And she put her widow's garments off from her, and covered her with a veil, and wrapped herself, and sat in an open place, which is by the way to Timnath; for she saw that Shelah was grown, and she was not given to him to wife.

and sat.

Proverbs 7:12
Now is she without, now in the streets, and lieth in wait at every corner.)

Jeremiah 3:2
Lift up thine eyes unto the high places, and see where thou hast not been lien with. In the ways hast thou sat for them, as the Arabian in the wilderness; and thou hast polluted the land with thy whoredoms and with thy wickedness.

Ezekiel 16:25
Thou hast built thy high place at every head of the way, and hast made thy beauty to be abhorred, and hast opened thy feet to every one that passed by, and multiplied thy whoredoms.

an open place.

Timnath.

Genesis 38:12,13
And in process of time the daughter of Shuah Judah's wife died; and Judah was comforted, and went up unto his sheepshearers to Timnath, he and his friend Hirah the Adullamite…

that Shelah.

Genesis 38:11,26
Then said Judah to Tamar his daughter in law, Remain a widow at thy father's house, till Shelah my son be grown: for he said, Lest peradventure he die also, as his brethren did. And Tamar went and dwelt in her father's house…

Jump to Previous
Clothing Covered Disguise Enaim Entrance Garments Gate Gateway Grown Herself Open Removed Road Sat Shelah Timnah Timnath Vail Veil Wasn't Way Widowhood Widow's Wife Wrapped
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Clothing Covered Disguise Enaim Entrance Garments Gate Gateway Grown Herself Open Removed Road Sat Shelah Timnah Timnath Vail Veil Wasn't Way Widowhood Widow's Wife Wrapped
Genesis 38
1. Judah begets Er, Onan, and Shelah.
6. Er's marriage with Tamar, and death.
8. The trespass of Onan.
11. Tamar is reserved for Shelah.
12. Judah's wife dies.
13. Tamar deceives Judah.
27. She bears twins, Pharez and Zarah.














removed her widow’s garments
In the ancient Near Eastern culture, clothing was a significant indicator of one's social status and personal circumstances. Widow's garments were a public declaration of mourning and loss. By removing these garments, Tamar was symbolically stepping out of her role as a grieving widow. The Hebrew word for "removed" (סוּר, sur) implies a deliberate action, suggesting Tamar's intentional decision to change her circumstances. This act can be seen as a bold move to assert her rights and seek justice in a society where women often had limited power.

covered herself with a veil
The act of covering with a veil in ancient times could signify various things, including modesty, mourning, or, as in this context, disguise. The Hebrew word for "veil" (צָעִיף, tsa'iph) indicates a garment that conceals one's identity. Tamar's use of the veil was strategic, allowing her to approach Judah without being recognized. This action highlights her resourcefulness and determination to secure her future and fulfill her duty to her deceased husband by ensuring the continuation of his lineage.

to disguise herself
The phrase underscores Tamar's intention to conceal her identity. The Hebrew root (כָּסָה, kasah) means to cover or hide. In the narrative, this disguise is pivotal, as it sets the stage for the unfolding events. Tamar's actions can be seen as a form of protest against the injustice she faced, as Judah had not fulfilled his promise to give her to his son Shelah. Her disguise was not merely for deception but a means to achieve justice and fulfill her familial obligations.

sat down at the entrance to Enaim
Enaim, meaning "eyes" or "springs," was a location on the road to Timnah. Sitting at the entrance suggests a position of waiting or anticipation. In the cultural context, this act was significant, as city gates or entrances were places of social and legal transactions. Tamar's choice of location indicates her awareness of the social dynamics and her strategic positioning to encounter Judah. This setting underscores the theme of visibility and recognition, as Tamar positions herself to be seen and acknowledged.

which is on the way to Timnah
Timnah was a town in the territory of Judah, known for its vineyards and agriculture. The mention of the road to Timnah situates the narrative geographically and culturally, as roads were vital for trade and communication. This detail emphasizes the journey motif in the story, both literal and metaphorical, as Tamar embarks on a path to reclaim her rights and secure her future. The road to Timnah symbolizes the transition from injustice to justice, from concealment to revelation.

For she saw that Shelah had grown up
The phrase indicates Tamar's awareness and observation of her circumstances. The Hebrew verb "saw" (רָאָה, ra'ah) implies understanding and insight. Tamar's realization that Shelah had matured without being given to her as a husband highlights the broken promise and neglect she experienced. This awareness propels her to take action, demonstrating her courage and agency in a patriarchal society.

but she had not been given to him as a wife
This clause reveals the crux of Tamar's predicament. The passive construction "had not been given" (נָתַן, natan) indicates her lack of agency in the situation, as decisions about marriage were typically made by male relatives. Tamar's exclusion from this arrangement underscores the injustice she faced. Her subsequent actions can be seen as a quest for justice and fulfillment of her rightful place within the family lineage, highlighting themes of perseverance and righteousness in the face of adversity.

(14) In an open place.--Heb., in the gate of Enajim. Enajim means "the two fountains," and we learn from Genesis 38:21 that it was the town where Tamar's father dwelt, and where Tamar was living with him in her widowhood. In the exploration of Palestine, Enajim has been identified with a place called Allin, Anin, or Anaim, three miles east of Tibneh, and situated upon an ancient road coming from Adullam. This makes the conclusion come to for other reasons certain, that the Timnath on the Philistine border was the town meant.

Verse 14. - And she put her widow's garments off from her (to prevent detection by Judah), and covered her with a veil, - to conceal her features, after the fashion of a courtesan (ver. 15; cf. Job 24:15) - and wrapped herself, - possibly with some large mantle (Alford) - and sat in an open place, - literally, in the opening (i.e. gate) of Enaim (LXX., Gesenius, Keil, Kalisch, Lange, et alii); less happily, in the opening of the eyes, i.e. in a public and open place (Calvin), in the parting of the ways, in bivio itineris (Vulgate), in the opening (or breaking forth) of the two fountains (Aben Ezra, Rosenmüller) - which is by (or upon) the way to Timnath; - "close to the site of Thamna, now Tibneh, three miles to the east, on an ancient road coming from Adullam, the very road by which the patriarch Judah would have come from Adullam to Timnah, is a ruin called Allin, or Anita, or Ainim" ('Palestine Exploration,' quoted by Inglis) - for she saw that Shelah was grown (he was probably not much younger than either of his brothers who had died), and she was not given unto him to wife - literally, for a wife.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
she removed
וַתָּסַר֩ (wat·tā·sar)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular
Strong's 5493: To turn aside

her widow’s
אַלְמְנוּתָ֜הּ (’al·mə·nū·ṯāh)
Noun - feminine singular construct | third person feminine singular
Strong's 491: A widow, widowhood

garments,
בִּגְדֵ֨י (biḡ·ḏê)
Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 899: A covering, clothing, treachery, pillage

covered her face
וַתִּתְעַלָּ֔ף (wat·tiṯ·‘al·lāp̄)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hitpael - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular
Strong's 5968: To veil, cover, to be languid

with a veil
בַּצָּעִיף֙ (baṣ·ṣā·‘îp̄)
Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 6809: A wrapper, shawl, or veil

to disguise herself,
וַתְּכַ֤ס (wat·tə·ḵas)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular
Strong's 3680: To plump, fill up hollows, to cover

and sat
וַתֵּ֙שֶׁב֙ (wat·tê·šeḇ)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular
Strong's 3427: To sit down, to dwell, to remain, to settle, to marry

at the entrance
בְּפֶ֣תַח (bə·p̄e·ṯaḥ)
Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 6607: An opening, door, entrance way

to Enaim,
עֵינַ֔יִם (‘ê·na·yim)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 5869: An eye, a fountain

which
אֲשֶׁ֖ר (’ă·šer)
Pronoun - relative
Strong's 834: Who, which, what, that, when, where, how, because, in order that

is on
מֵֽעָלֶ֗יהָ (mê·‘ā·le·hā)
Preposition-m | third person feminine singular
Strong's 5921: Above, over, upon, against

the way
דֶּ֣רֶךְ (de·reḵ)
Noun - common singular construct
Strong's 1870: A road, a course of life, mode of action

to Timnah.
תִּמְנָ֑תָה (tim·nā·ṯāh)
Noun - proper - feminine singular | third person feminine singular
Strong's 8553: Timnah -- 'territory', two cities in Judah

For
כִּ֤י (kî)
Conjunction
Strong's 3588: A relative conjunction

she saw
רָאֲתָה֙ (rā·’ă·ṯāh)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person feminine singular
Strong's 7200: To see

that
כִּֽי־ (kî-)
Conjunction
Strong's 3588: A relative conjunction

although Shelah
שֵׁלָ֔ה (šê·lāh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 7956: Shelah -- a son of Judah

had grown up,
גָדַ֣ל (ḡā·ḏal)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 1431: To grow up, become great

she
וְהִ֕וא (wə·hi·w)
Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - third person feminine singular
Strong's 1931: He, self, the same, this, that, as, are

had not
לֹֽא־ (lō-)
Adverb - Negative particle
Strong's 3808: Not, no

been given
נִתְּנָ֥ה (nit·tə·nāh)
Verb - Nifal - Perfect - third person feminine singular
Strong's 5414: To give, put, set

to him
ל֖וֹ (lōw)
Preposition | third person masculine singular
Strong's 0: 0

as a wife.
לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ (lə·’iš·šāh)
Preposition-l | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 802: Woman, wife, female


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OT Law: Genesis 38:14 She took off of her the garments (Gen. Ge Gn)
Genesis 38:13
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