Then one of the seven angels
The phrase introduces a continuation of the vision John is experiencing. The "seven angels" are significant figures in the Book of Revelation, each holding a bowl filled with the wrath of God. The number seven is symbolic of completeness and divine perfection in biblical literature, indicating that these angels are executing God's complete and perfect judgment.

with the seven bowls
The "seven bowls" are vessels of God's wrath, as described in Revelation 16. These bowls represent the final and complete outpouring of divine judgment upon the earth. The imagery of bowls suggests a pouring out, indicating that God's wrath is being dispensed fully and without restraint.

came and said to me
This phrase highlights the direct communication between the angel and John, the author of Revelation. It underscores the personal nature of the revelation and the importance of the message being conveyed. The angel acts as a divine messenger, bridging the heavenly and earthly realms.

Come
The invitation "Come" is a call to witness and understand the vision that is about to be revealed. It is an imperative that suggests urgency and importance, drawing John—and by extension, the reader—into a deeper understanding of the spiritual realities being unveiled.

I will show you
This phrase indicates that what follows is a revelation, a disclosure of hidden truths. The angel is about to reveal something significant, emphasizing the revelatory nature of the Book of Revelation itself. It is an invitation to see beyond the physical and into the spiritual realm.

the punishment
The term "punishment" refers to the divine judgment that is to be executed. In the context of Revelation, it is a just retribution for sin and rebellion against God. This punishment is not arbitrary but is a response to the moral and spiritual corruption symbolized by the "great prostitute."

of the great prostitute
The "great prostitute" is a symbolic figure representing a system of spiritual adultery and idolatry. In biblical terms, prostitution often symbolizes unfaithfulness to God, and this figure embodies the corrupting influence of false religion and immorality. Historically, this has been interpreted as representing Rome or a future apostate religious system.

who sits on many waters
The phrase "sits on many waters" is symbolic of widespread influence and control. In ancient times, waters often represented peoples, nations, and multitudes. This imagery suggests that the "great prostitute" has a pervasive and dominating influence over many nations and peoples, highlighting the global scope of her corruption and the reach of her influence.

The kings of the earth
This phrase refers to the rulers and leaders of the world's nations. In the context of Revelation, these kings symbolize the political powers that align themselves with worldly and ungodly systems. Historically, kings and rulers have often been tempted by power and wealth, leading them to compromise their values. The Greek word for "kings" (βασιλεῖς, basileis) emphasizes authority and dominion, suggesting that these leaders have significant influence over their people. The phrase warns of the dangers of political alliances that prioritize earthly power over divine truth.

were immoral with her
The immorality mentioned here is symbolic of spiritual unfaithfulness and idolatry. The Greek word for "immoral" (ἐπόρνευσαν, eporneusan) is often used in the New Testament to describe sexual immorality, but in Revelation, it frequently represents spiritual adultery—turning away from God to worship false idols or systems. This phrase indicates that the kings have engaged in a relationship with the "woman" described in Revelation 17, who represents a corrupt and idolatrous system opposed to God.

and those who dwell on the earth
This phrase refers to the general population of the world, particularly those who are not followers of Christ. In Revelation, "those who dwell on the earth" often signifies people who are focused on worldly matters rather than spiritual ones. The Greek word for "dwell" (κατοικοῦντες, katoikountes) implies a settled, permanent residence, suggesting that these individuals are deeply rooted in earthly concerns and values.

were intoxicated with the wine of her immorality
The imagery of intoxication here conveys a loss of control and discernment. The Greek word for "intoxicated" (ἐμεθύσθησαν, emethysthesan) suggests being under the influence, leading to impaired judgment. The "wine of her immorality" symbolizes the seductive and corrupting influence of the idolatrous system represented by the "woman." This phrase warns of the dangers of being seduced by worldly pleasures and ideologies, which can lead to spiritual blindness and separation from God. The use of "wine" as a metaphor highlights the alluring yet ultimately destructive nature of sin and idolatry.

Then the angel carried me away
The phrase begins with the action of an angel, a divine messenger, emphasizing the supernatural guidance given to John. The Greek word for "angel" (ἄγγελος, angelos) signifies a messenger, often used in Scripture to denote a heavenly being sent by God. This highlights the divine authority and purpose behind the vision. The phrase "carried me away" suggests a spiritual transportation, indicating that John is being taken to a place beyond the physical realm to receive a revelation from God.

in the Spirit
This phrase indicates that John is in a state of spiritual vision or trance, a condition where he is receptive to divine revelation. The Greek word for "Spirit" (πνεῦμα, pneuma) is often used to denote the Holy Spirit, suggesting that this experience is under the influence and guidance of God's Spirit. This underscores the authenticity and divine origin of the vision, as John is not acting on his own accord but is led by the Spirit.

into a wilderness
The "wilderness" is a significant biblical motif, often representing a place of testing, revelation, or divine encounter. In the Old Testament, the wilderness was where the Israelites wandered and where prophets like Elijah encountered God. Here, it symbolizes a desolate, barren place, perhaps indicating the spiritual barrenness of the vision to follow. It sets the stage for the revelation of the woman and the beast, suggesting a contrast between the desolation of the wilderness and the opulence of the vision.

where I saw a woman
The "woman" is a central figure in this vision, representing a corrupt system or entity. In biblical symbolism, women often represent cities or religious systems (e.g., the bride of Christ as the Church). This woman is later identified as "Babylon the Great," symbolizing a powerful, seductive, and corrupting influence in the world. Her presence in the wilderness may suggest her ultimate desolation and judgment.

sitting on a scarlet beast
The "scarlet beast" is a vivid image, with "scarlet" symbolizing luxury, power, and sin (Isaiah 1:18 associates scarlet with sin). The beast represents a political or religious power opposed to God, often interpreted as a symbol of the Antichrist or a corrupt empire. The woman's position "sitting on" the beast indicates her control or alliance with this power, suggesting a union of corrupt religious and political systems.

that was covered with blasphemous names
The "blasphemous names" indicate a direct opposition to God, as blasphemy involves speaking against or dishonoring the divine. In the Roman context, emperors often claimed divine status, which would be considered blasphemous. This detail highlights the beast's arrogance and rebellion against God, serving as a warning against idolatry and false worship.

and had seven heads and ten horns
The "seven heads" and "ten horns" are symbolic of authority and power. In biblical apocalyptic literature, such imagery often represents kingdoms or rulers. The number seven often signifies completeness or perfection, while ten can denote fullness or the extent of power. This imagery suggests a coalition of powers or a complete manifestation of evil authority, echoing the visions in Daniel 7, where similar beasts represent empires opposed to God's kingdom.

The woman
In Revelation, "the woman" is often symbolic, representing a city or a system. Here, she is widely interpreted as symbolizing Babylon, a representation of worldly power and corruption. Historically, Babylon was a city of great wealth and influence, often seen as an enemy of God's people. The imagery of a woman in prophetic literature often conveys a spiritual or religious entity, and in this context, she embodies the seductive allure of a world system opposed to God.

was dressed in purple and scarlet
Purple and scarlet are colors associated with royalty, wealth, and luxury. In the ancient world, purple dye was extremely expensive and reserved for the elite. Scarlet, too, was a color of opulence. The use of these colors signifies the woman's immense wealth and her seductive appeal. Spiritually, it suggests the allure of materialism and the temptation of worldly power that can lead believers astray.

and adorned with gold and precious stones and pearls
The adornment with gold, precious stones, and pearls further emphasizes the theme of opulence and wealth. These are symbols of material prosperity and splendor. In a spiritual sense, they represent the deceptive attractiveness of sin and the false security found in material wealth. The Bible often warns against the love of money and the dangers of placing trust in riches rather than in God.

She held in her hand a golden cup
The golden cup is a symbol of wealth and power, but it is also a vessel of deception. In the ancient world, a golden cup would be a sign of luxury and indulgence. However, the contents of the cup reveal its true nature. This imagery is reminiscent of Jeremiah 51:7, where Babylon is described as a golden cup in the Lord's hand, making the whole earth drunk. It signifies the intoxicating influence of sin and corruption.

full of abominations and the impurities of her sexual immorality
The contents of the cup—abominations and impurities—highlight the moral and spiritual corruption of the woman. "Abominations" in the biblical context often refer to idolatry and practices detestable to God. The phrase "sexual immorality" is frequently used in Scripture to describe unfaithfulness to God, often in the form of idolatry or spiritual adultery. This imagery serves as a warning against the seductive power of sin and the spiritual dangers of compromising with worldly values.

On her forehead
In ancient times, inscriptions on the forehead were a mark of identity or ownership. This imagery is reminiscent of the high priest in Israel who wore a plate on his forehead inscribed with "Holy to the Lord" (Exodus 28:36). Here, the inscription signifies the woman's allegiance and character, contrasting the holiness of the priest with the depravity of the harlot.

a mysterious name
The Greek word for "mysterious" (μυστήριον, mystērion) implies something hidden or secret, revealed only to those with insight. In the context of Revelation, mysteries often pertain to divine truths or judgments that are unveiled to believers. This name is not just a label but a revelation of the woman's true nature and role in the cosmic conflict between good and evil.

was written
The passive voice here suggests divine action or allowance. The writing is not self-imposed but rather a designation permitted by God, indicating His sovereign control over the unfolding events. It underscores the idea that nothing happens outside of God's knowledge and purpose.

Babylon the Great
Historically, Babylon was a city of immense power and idolatry, often symbolizing human pride and rebellion against God. In the prophetic literature, Babylon represents the epitome of worldly opposition to God's kingdom. The term "Great" emphasizes its significant influence and the magnitude of its corruption and power.

the mother of prostitutes
The term "mother" suggests origin or source. In this context, it indicates that Babylon is the progenitor of spiritual unfaithfulness and idolatry. The imagery of prostitution is frequently used in Scripture to describe Israel's unfaithfulness to God (e.g., Hosea 1-3), and here it extends to the broader spiritual infidelity of the world.

and of the abominations of the earth
"Abominations" (Greek: βδελύγματα, bdelugmata) refers to detestable practices, often associated with idolatry and moral corruption. This phrase highlights the global impact of Babylon's influence, spreading spiritual and moral decay across the earth. It serves as a warning to believers to remain separate from such corrupting influences and to uphold the holiness to which they are called.

I saw
The phrase "I saw" indicates a vision given to John, the author of Revelation. In the Greek, the word "eidon" is used, which implies not just seeing with the eyes but perceiving with understanding. This vision is a divine revelation, meant to convey spiritual truths about the end times. John's role as a seer is crucial, as he is tasked with communicating these profound mysteries to the early Christian church, providing them with hope and warning.

the woman
The "woman" here is a symbolic figure, often interpreted as representing a corrupt system or entity opposed to God. Historically, this has been seen as a representation of Babylon, a city synonymous with idolatry and opposition to God's people. In the context of Revelation, she embodies the seductive allure of worldly power and false religion, drawing people away from true worship.

was drunk
The term "drunk" (Greek: "methuo") signifies being filled or saturated, often to the point of losing control. This imagery suggests an insatiable thirst for persecution and violence against the faithful. It highlights the extent of her corruption and the depth of her depravity, as she revels in the suffering of the righteous.

with the blood of the saints
"Blood of the saints" refers to the persecution and martyrdom of those who have remained faithful to God. The "saints" are the holy ones, set apart for God's purposes. Throughout history, believers have faced persecution for their faith, and this imagery serves as a reminder of the cost of discipleship. It also underscores the ultimate victory of the saints, as their blood is not shed in vain but is precious in God's sight.

and witnesses for Jesus
"Witnesses for Jesus" (Greek: "martys") is the root of the word "martyr," indicating those who testify to the truth of Christ, even unto death. This phrase emphasizes the call to bear witness to the gospel, regardless of the consequences. The faithful testimony of these witnesses stands in stark contrast to the corruption of the woman, highlighting the power and truth of the gospel message.

And I was greatly astonished
John's reaction of being "greatly astonished" (Greek: "thaumazo") reflects the shocking nature of the vision. Despite his familiarity with persecution, the extent of the woman's depravity and the suffering of the saints is overwhelming. This astonishment serves to draw the reader's attention to the gravity of the situation and the need for vigilance and faithfulness in the face of evil.

when I saw her
The repetition of "I saw" emphasizes the personal and direct nature of John's vision. It serves as a reminder that this revelation is not a distant or abstract concept but a vivid and immediate reality. John's vision calls believers to remain steadfast in their faith, trusting in God's ultimate justice and the triumph of His kingdom.

Why are you astonished?
The angel's question to John, "Why are you astonished?" serves as a gentle rebuke and a call to deeper understanding. The Greek word for "astonished" is "thaumazō," which implies being amazed or marveling. In the context of Revelation, this astonishment can be seen as a natural human reaction to the overwhelming and complex visions John is witnessing. The angel's question encourages believers to seek divine wisdom and understanding rather than being overwhelmed by the mysteries of God's revelation. It reminds us that God's plans, though sometimes perplexing, are purposeful and will be revealed in His timing.

said the angel
The phrase "said the angel" indicates the authoritative role of the angel as a messenger of God. Angels in the Bible often serve as intermediaries between God and humans, delivering messages, providing guidance, and offering explanations. The Greek word "angelos" means "messenger," emphasizing the angel's role in conveying divine truth. This interaction underscores the importance of divine revelation and the need for spiritual insight to comprehend the mysteries of God's kingdom.

I will explain to you the mystery
The promise "I will explain to you the mystery" highlights the angel's role in unveiling divine secrets. The term "mystery" (Greek: "mystērion") in biblical context refers to truths that were once hidden but are now revealed by God. This assurance of explanation reflects God's desire for His people to understand His plans and purposes. It encourages believers to seek wisdom and discernment through prayer and study of the Scriptures, trusting that God will provide clarity and understanding.

of the woman
The "woman" in this passage is a symbolic figure representing a corrupt and idolatrous system, often interpreted as a false religious or political power opposed to God. Throughout Revelation, women are used symbolically to represent both purity (as in the bride of Christ) and corruption (as in this case). Understanding the identity and role of this "woman" requires careful interpretation of the symbolic language used in apocalyptic literature, reminding believers to discern the spiritual realities behind worldly systems.

and of the beast she rides
The "beast" is a recurring symbol in Revelation, representing oppressive and blasphemous powers that oppose God and persecute His people. The imagery of the woman riding the beast suggests a close alliance between corrupt religious or political systems and oppressive powers. This alliance is characterized by deception and rebellion against God. The phrase calls believers to be vigilant and discerning, recognizing the spiritual warfare at play and the ultimate victory of Christ over all evil.

which has the seven heads and ten horns
The "seven heads and ten horns" are symbolic elements that appear throughout Revelation, representing completeness and power. The "seven heads" may symbolize completeness or a series of oppressive rulers or kingdoms, while the "ten horns" often represent strength and authority. In the context of apocalyptic literature, these symbols convey the formidable nature of the beast's power and influence. However, they also serve as a reminder that despite the apparent strength of evil, God's sovereignty and ultimate victory are assured. Believers are encouraged to remain steadfast in faith, knowing that God's kingdom will prevail.

The beast that you saw
This phrase refers to the vision of the beast that John, the author of Revelation, witnessed. The "beast" is a symbol of a powerful, malevolent force or empire that opposes God and His people. In the Greek, "therion" (beast) often denotes a wild, dangerous animal, suggesting the chaotic and destructive nature of this entity. Historically, this has been interpreted as a representation of oppressive regimes or figures throughout history, particularly those that have persecuted Christians.

was, and is not, and is about to come up
This phrase indicates the cyclical nature of evil powers throughout history. The beast "was" signifies its past existence, "is not" suggests a temporary absence or defeat, and "is about to come up" points to a future resurgence. This reflects the ongoing spiritual battle between good and evil, where evil may seem to disappear but often re-emerges. The Greek verb "mello" (about to come) implies an impending action, emphasizing the urgency and inevitability of this return.

out of the abyss
The "abyss" is a term used in Scripture to describe a deep, bottomless pit or a place of confinement for demonic forces. In Greek, "abussos" conveys a sense of depth and darkness, often associated with chaos and evil. This imagery suggests that the beast's power is rooted in the spiritual realm of darkness, highlighting the spiritual warfare that underlies earthly events.

and go to its destruction
This phrase assures believers of the ultimate defeat of evil. The Greek word "apoleia" (destruction) signifies complete ruin or loss, indicating that the beast's power is temporary and destined for annihilation. This is a source of hope for Christians, affirming that despite the apparent strength of evil, God's justice will prevail.

those who dwell on the earth
This phrase typically refers to people who are worldly or opposed to God, often used in Revelation to describe those who are not part of God's redeemed community. The Greek "katoikeo" (dwell) implies a settled, permanent residence, suggesting a deep-seated allegiance to earthly, rather than heavenly, values.

whose names were not written in the book of life
The "book of life" is a metaphorical record of those who belong to God and have eternal life. In the Greek, "biblion" (book) and "zoe" (life) together symbolize divine knowledge and assurance of salvation. This phrase underscores the distinction between those who are saved and those who are not, emphasizing the importance of faith and divine election.

from the foundation of the world
This phrase highlights the eternal nature of God's plan and foreknowledge. The Greek "katabole" (foundation) suggests the laying down of a structure, indicating that God's purposes and the destiny of His people have been established since the beginning of creation. This provides comfort and assurance to believers of their secure place in God's sovereign plan.

will be astonished when they see the beast
The reaction of astonishment indicates a sense of shock or surprise at the beast's appearance and power. The Greek "thaumazo" (astonished) conveys a sense of wonder or amazement, often with a negative connotation in this context, as it reflects the deception and allure of evil that captivates those not grounded in faith.

that was, and is not, and yet will be
This repetition reinforces the transient and deceptive nature of the beast's power. It mirrors the earlier phrase, emphasizing the cyclical and persistent threat of evil. However, it also serves as a reminder of the ultimate futility of opposing God, as the beast's existence is temporary and its end is certain. This encourages believers to remain steadfast in their faith, knowing that God's victory is assured.

This calls for a mind with wisdom
The phrase emphasizes the need for spiritual discernment and understanding. The Greek word for "wisdom" is "sophia," which implies not just knowledge but the ability to apply that knowledge in a godly manner. In the context of Revelation, wisdom is necessary to interpret the symbolic language and imagery. Historically, wisdom literature in the Bible, such as Proverbs, often calls for a heart and mind aligned with God's truth, suggesting that understanding Revelation requires divine insight and a heart attuned to God's purposes.

The seven heads
The "seven heads" are part of the symbolic imagery used throughout Revelation. In Greek, "kephalai" refers to heads, which can symbolize authority or leadership. In the context of Revelation, these heads are often interpreted as representing political or spiritual powers. Historically, the number seven is significant in biblical literature, symbolizing completeness or perfection. This suggests that the heads represent a complete or comprehensive system of power or authority that stands in opposition to God.

are seven mountains
The phrase "seven mountains" has been the subject of much interpretation. The Greek word "oros" means mountain or hill. In the historical context of the Roman Empire, Rome was famously known as the city on seven hills, which has led many conservative scholars to associate this imagery with Rome and its imperial power. Mountains in biblical literature often symbolize strength, stability, and sometimes kingdoms or empires, suggesting that these mountains represent powerful earthly kingdoms.

on which the woman sits
The "woman" in this passage is often identified as the "great prostitute" or "Babylon" from earlier in Revelation 17. The Greek word "kathemai" means to sit or dwell, indicating a position of control or influence. In the historical and scriptural context, the woman represents a corrupt system or entity that exerts influence over the kingdoms of the world. This imagery suggests a union of political and spiritual corruption, where the woman, symbolizing false religion or idolatry, holds sway over the earthly powers represented by the mountains.

There are also seven kings
The phrase "seven kings" is symbolic and has been interpreted in various ways throughout Christian history. The number seven often represents completeness or perfection in biblical literature, suggesting a complete series of rulers or empires. In the context of Revelation, these kings could symbolize earthly powers or kingdoms that have significant influence over the world. The Greek word for "kings" (βασιλεῖς, basileis) can refer to literal monarchs or metaphorically to powerful leaders or empires. Historically, this has been linked to the succession of empires that have dominated biblical history, such as Egypt, Assyria, Babylon, Persia, Greece, and Rome.

Five have fallen
This phrase indicates that five of these kings or kingdoms have already passed away or lost their power. The use of "fallen" (ἔπεσαν, epesan) suggests a downfall or defeat, which is consistent with the biblical theme of the rise and fall of earthly powers under God's sovereign plan. Historically, this could refer to past empires that have risen and fallen before the time of John's writing, emphasizing the transient nature of human power compared to God's eternal kingdom.

one is
The phrase "one is" suggests the presence of a current power or kingdom at the time of John's writing. This is often interpreted as the Roman Empire, which was the dominant power during the late first century when Revelation was written. The Greek word for "is" (ἐστίν, estin) indicates a present reality, highlighting the immediate context of the prophecy and the relevance of the message to John's original audience.

the other has not yet come
This part of the verse points to a future power or kingdom that has not yet appeared. The anticipation of a coming ruler or empire aligns with the prophetic nature of Revelation, which often looks forward to future events. The Greek phrase "has not yet come" (οὔπω ἦλθεν, oupō ēlthen) suggests an expectation of future developments in the unfolding of God's plan for history.

but when he does come, he must remain for only a little while
This final phrase indicates that the future king or kingdom will have a brief period of influence. The Greek word for "remain" (μείνῃ, meinē) implies a temporary stay, reinforcing the idea that all earthly powers are ultimately transient. The phrase "for only a little while" (ὀλίγον, oligon) emphasizes the limited duration of this future power, contrasting with the eternal reign of Christ. This serves as a reminder to believers of the temporary nature of worldly authority and the ultimate victory of God's kingdom.

The beast that was, and is not
This phrase captures the enigmatic nature of the beast, reflecting its temporary power and influence. In the Greek, "was" (ἦν) and "is not" (οὐκ ἔστιν) suggest a past existence and a current non-existence, indicating a rise and fall. Historically, this can be seen as a reference to empires or rulers who once held power but have since diminished. Theologically, it symbolizes the transient nature of evil and its inability to sustain itself against the eternal sovereignty of God.

is himself an eighth king
The "eighth king" signifies a new phase or manifestation of the beast's power. In biblical numerology, the number eight often represents new beginnings or a new order. This suggests that the beast, though seemingly defeated, will re-emerge in a new form. This aligns with the historical cycles of oppressive regimes that rise, fall, and sometimes reappear in different guises. It serves as a reminder of the persistent nature of evil in the world, yet also of its ultimate defeat.

He belongs to the seven
This phrase indicates a connection or continuity with the previous seven kings. The Greek word for "belongs" (ἐκ) implies origin or source, suggesting that the eighth king is not entirely new but is derived from the same line or spirit as the previous seven. This can be seen as a warning of the recurring nature of certain ideologies or powers that oppose God's kingdom. It emphasizes the need for vigilance and discernment among believers.

and is going into destruction
The finality of the beast's fate is captured in this phrase. The Greek word for "destruction" (ἀπώλεια) denotes ruin or loss, signifying the ultimate end of the beast's power. Historically, this reflects the downfall of empires that have opposed God's will. Scripturally, it assures believers of the eventual triumph of God's justice. This serves as an encouragement to remain steadfast in faith, knowing that all evil will ultimately be vanquished.

The ten horns
The phrase "the ten horns" refers to a symbolic representation of power and authority. In the context of Revelation, horns often symbolize strength and dominion. The number ten is frequently associated with completeness or totality in biblical numerology. Historically, these ten horns are interpreted as ten kings or kingdoms that will arise in the end times. This imagery is rooted in the prophetic visions of Daniel, particularly in Daniel 7:24, where ten horns represent ten kings. The use of horns as symbols of power is consistent with ancient Near Eastern iconography, where animals with horns, like bulls, were often seen as powerful and dominant.

you saw
The phrase "you saw" indicates a vision or revelation given to John, the author of Revelation. This emphasizes the prophetic nature of the book, as John is recounting what was divinely revealed to him. The Greek word for "saw" (εἶδον, eidon) implies not just physical sight but also spiritual insight and understanding. This vision is meant to convey deeper truths about the spiritual and political realities of the end times.

are ten kings
The "ten kings" are symbolic rulers who will have authority during the end times. In the biblical context, kings represent political power and governance. These kings are often interpreted as leaders of nations or coalitions that will play a significant role in the eschatological events described in Revelation. The concept of ten kings aligns with the prophetic imagery in Daniel, where ten kings arise from a divided kingdom. This suggests a period of political fragmentation and alliance-building in the last days.

who have not yet received a kingdom
This phrase indicates that these ten kings have not yet come into their full power or authority. The Greek word for "received" (ἔλαβον, elabon) suggests an active taking or acquiring of power. The future tense implies that their reign is imminent but not yet realized. This points to a future fulfillment of prophecy, where these kings will rise to power in a time of great upheaval and change.

but will receive authority
The phrase "but will receive authority" suggests a divinely ordained transfer of power. The Greek word for "authority" (ἐξουσία, exousia) denotes the right or power to act, often implying a delegated power. This authority is not self-derived but granted, indicating that these kings' rise to power is part of God's sovereign plan. It underscores the theme of divine control over human history, even in times of apparent chaos.

as kings
The phrase "as kings" emphasizes the role and status these individuals will hold. They will have the authority and responsibility of kingship, ruling over nations or regions. This highlights the political dimension of the end times, where earthly powers will play a significant role in the unfolding of prophetic events. The use of "as" suggests a temporary or conditional status, aligning with the transient nature of earthly power compared to God's eternal kingdom.

for one hour
The phrase "for one hour" is symbolic of a brief, limited period. In biblical prophecy, time periods often have symbolic meanings. The "one hour" suggests a short, intense period of rule or influence. This brevity underscores the temporary nature of their power and the swift unfolding of end-time events. It serves as a reminder of the transient nature of human authority compared to the eternal reign of Christ.

along with the beast
The phrase "along with the beast" indicates a partnership or alliance with the beast, a central figure in Revelation representing opposition to God. The beast is often interpreted as a symbol of a powerful, anti-Christian empire or leader. This alliance suggests a coalition of earthly powers united in rebellion against God. It highlights the spiritual warfare theme in Revelation, where earthly and spiritual forces align against the divine order. This partnership is ultimately doomed to fail, as God's sovereignty will prevail.

These kings
The phrase "these kings" refers to the ten kings mentioned earlier in Revelation 17:12. In the prophetic vision given to John, these kings symbolize rulers or leaders who will rise to power in the end times. Historically, the number ten often represents completeness or totality, suggesting a coalition of world powers. The Greek word for "kings" is "basileis," which denotes sovereign rulers. In the context of Revelation, these kings are not just political figures but are part of a larger spiritual battle against God's kingdom.

have one purpose
The phrase "have one purpose" indicates a unified intention or goal among these kings. The Greek word for "purpose" is "gnomē," which can also mean mind, intention, or resolve. This unity of purpose is significant because it shows a collective decision to align against God’s plan. Historically, such alliances have been seen in various empires and coalitions that opposed God's people, but this ultimate alliance is unique in its global scale and spiritual implications.

to yield their power and authority
"To yield their power and authority" suggests a voluntary submission or transfer of control. The Greek word for "yield" is "didōmi," meaning to give or grant. This act of yielding indicates a conscious decision by these kings to support the beast, which is a representation of the antichrist or a satanic system. The terms "power" (Greek: "dynamis") and "authority" (Greek: "exousia") highlight the extent of control and influence these kings possess, which they willingly hand over to the beast. This reflects a historical pattern where earthly powers often submit to greater evil for perceived gain or survival.

to the beast
The "beast" is a central figure in the apocalyptic narrative of Revelation, symbolizing the antichrist or a final world empire opposed to God. The Greek word "thērion" for "beast" conveys a sense of wildness and brutality. In the scriptural context, the beast represents not just a person but a system or government that embodies rebellion against God. This imagery is consistent with Daniel's visions of beasts representing empires that oppose God's people. The act of yielding power to the beast signifies a climactic moment in the spiritual warfare depicted in Revelation, where earthly powers align with satanic forces in opposition to Christ's return and ultimate victory.

They will make war against the Lamb
This phrase refers to the forces of evil, represented by the beast and the kings of the earth, who unite in opposition to Christ, symbolized as the Lamb. The imagery of "making war" is a recurring theme in apocalyptic literature, signifying the ultimate rebellion against God. The Lamb, a title for Jesus Christ, emphasizes His sacrificial role and His innocence. Historically, this reflects the ongoing spiritual battle between good and evil, a theme prevalent throughout the Bible.

and the Lamb will triumph over them
The word "triumph" signifies a decisive victory. In Greek, the term used here is "nikao," meaning to conquer or overcome. This victory is not just a future event but a present reality for believers, as Christ's resurrection has already secured His ultimate victory over sin and death. The assurance of Christ's triumph provides hope and encouragement to Christians facing persecution or trials.

because He is Lord of lords and King of kings
This title affirms the supreme authority and sovereignty of Jesus Christ. "Lord of lords and King of kings" is a declaration of His ultimate power over all earthly and spiritual rulers. The phrase echoes Old Testament language, such as in Deuteronomy 10:17, emphasizing God's unmatched dominion. It reassures believers of Christ's control over all creation and His ability to fulfill His promises.

and He will be accompanied by His called and chosen and faithful ones
The "called" refers to those who have heard and responded to God's invitation to salvation. The "chosen" indicates God's sovereign election, a theme that underscores His grace and purpose. The "faithful" are those who remain steadfast in their commitment to Christ, even amidst trials. This phrase highlights the intimate relationship between Christ and His followers, who share in His victory. It serves as a reminder of the believer's identity and mission, encouraging perseverance and faithfulness in the Christian walk.

Then the angel said to me
This phrase introduces a divine revelation, emphasizing the role of angels as messengers of God. In the Greek, "angel" (ἄγγελος, angelos) means "messenger." Throughout Scripture, angels are depicted as God's servants who deliver His messages to humanity. This underscores the importance of the message being conveyed, as it comes directly from a heavenly source, ensuring its truth and authority.

The waters you saw
In biblical symbolism, "waters" often represent chaos, danger, or the unknown, but here they are given a specific meaning. The Greek word for "waters" (ὕδατα, hydata) can also imply abundance or multitude. In the context of Revelation, waters are frequently used to symbolize large groups of people or nations, as seen in other prophetic books like Daniel. This imagery sets the stage for understanding the vast influence and reach of the entity described.

where the prostitute was seated
The "prostitute" (πόρνη, porne) symbolizes spiritual adultery and unfaithfulness to God. In the Old Testament, Israel is often described as a harlot when it turns away from God to worship idols (e.g., Hosea 1-3). The act of being "seated" (καθήμενος, kathemenos) implies authority or control, suggesting that this entity has significant influence over the "waters" or peoples. This imagery warns of the seductive power of false religions and ideologies that lead people away from true worship.

are peoples and multitudes and nations and tongues
This phrase clarifies the symbolic meaning of the "waters." The Greek terms used here—"peoples" (λαοί, laoi), "multitudes" (ὄχλοι, ochloi), "nations" (ἔθνη, ethne), and "tongues" (γλῶσσαι, glossai)—emphasize the diversity and universality of those under the influence of the prostitute. This reflects the global reach of false religious systems and the widespread nature of spiritual deception. Historically, this can be seen in the way empires and false religions have sought to dominate and unify diverse groups under a single ideology or belief system.

And the ten horns
The "ten horns" symbolize ten kings or kingdoms that align with the beast. In the context of biblical prophecy, horns often represent power and authority. The number ten can signify completeness or the fullness of human governance. Historically, this imagery draws from Daniel's visions (Daniel 7:7, 24), where horns also represent kings. Theologically, these horns are instruments of divine judgment, used by God to fulfill His purposes.

and the beast
The "beast" is a central figure in Revelation, representing a powerful, anti-God system or leader. This beast is often associated with the Antichrist, a figure of ultimate rebellion against God. The Greek word for beast, "therion," implies a wild, untamed creature, highlighting its destructive nature. Theologically, the beast embodies the culmination of human and demonic opposition to God's kingdom.

you saw
This phrase emphasizes the visionary nature of Revelation. John, the author, is recounting what he has been shown in a divine revelation. The act of seeing in prophetic literature often implies receiving divine insight or understanding. It underscores the authenticity and authority of the vision as a message from God.

will hate the prostitute
The "prostitute" represents Babylon, a symbol of worldly corruption and idolatry. In biblical terms, prostitution often symbolizes unfaithfulness to God, as seen in the prophetic books like Hosea. The hatred of the prostitute by the beast and the horns signifies a turning point where worldly powers, once aligned with corrupt systems, turn against them. This reflects the self-destructive nature of evil and sin.

They will leave her desolate and naked
To be left "desolate and naked" signifies utter ruin and exposure. In ancient times, to strip someone naked was to bring shame and dishonor. This imagery conveys the complete and public downfall of Babylon. Theologically, it illustrates the inevitable judgment and exposure of sin, as God brings justice to the corrupt systems of the world.

and will eat her flesh
This phrase is a vivid depiction of total consumption and destruction. In biblical language, to "eat flesh" can symbolize complete annihilation. It echoes the fate of Jezebel in 2 Kings 9:30-37, where her body was consumed by dogs. This serves as a metaphor for the thorough and inescapable judgment that befalls those who oppose God.

and burn her with fire
Fire is a common biblical symbol of judgment and purification. In the Old Testament, fire often accompanies God's presence and judgment, as seen in Sodom and Gomorrah's destruction (Genesis 19:24). The burning of the prostitute signifies the finality and severity of God's judgment against Babylon. It serves as a reminder of God's holiness and the ultimate triumph of His justice over evil.

For God has put it into their hearts
This phrase emphasizes the sovereignty of God in the unfolding of prophetic events. The Greek word for "put" (δίδωμι, didōmi) implies a deliberate act of giving or placing. In the biblical context, it suggests that God actively influences the decisions and inclinations of rulers and nations. Historically, this reflects the belief that God can direct the hearts of kings, as seen in Proverbs 21:1, where the king's heart is described as being in the hand of the Lord. This divine orchestration assures believers that even when events seem chaotic, they are under God's control.

to accomplish His purpose
The phrase underscores the ultimate goal of God's divine plan. The Greek word for "purpose" (βούλημα, boulēma) refers to a deliberate intention or plan. This highlights the idea that history is not random but is moving towards a divinely ordained conclusion. In the broader scriptural context, God's purpose often involves the redemption and restoration of creation, as seen throughout the narrative of the Bible. This assurance can inspire believers to trust in God's overarching plan, even when individual events seem perplexing.

by uniting to give their kingdom to the beast
This part of the verse speaks to the temporary alliance of earthly powers with the beast, a symbol of opposition to God. The act of "uniting" (δίδωμι, didōmi) suggests a collective decision or agreement among the rulers. Historically, this can be seen as a reflection of the alliances and coalitions that have formed throughout history, often in opposition to God's people. The "beast" is a recurring symbol in Revelation, representing oppressive regimes or systems that challenge God's authority. This serves as a reminder of the spiritual warfare that believers face and the transient nature of earthly power.

until the words of God are fulfilled
This phrase provides a sense of hope and assurance that God's promises and prophecies will come to pass. The Greek word for "fulfilled" (τελέω, teleō) means to complete or bring to an end. It signifies the certainty and inevitability of God's word being accomplished. Throughout scripture, the fulfillment of God's word is a recurring theme, reinforcing the reliability and faithfulness of God. This assurance encourages believers to remain steadfast in their faith, knowing that God's ultimate victory is assured.

And the woman you saw
The "woman" in this passage is a symbolic figure, often interpreted as representing a corrupt system or entity. In the context of Revelation, she is depicted as a harlot, which in biblical symbolism often represents unfaithfulness to God. The Greek word for "woman" here is "γυνή" (gynē), which can mean a literal woman or be used metaphorically. This imagery draws from the prophetic tradition of the Old Testament, where cities or nations unfaithful to God are often personified as women who have turned away from their covenant relationship with Him. The vision of the woman is part of John's apocalyptic revelation, which uses vivid imagery to convey spiritual truths.

is the great city
The phrase "the great city" is significant in the book of Revelation, often associated with Babylon, a symbol of worldly power and opposition to God. The Greek word for "city" is "πόλις" (polis), which in the ancient world was not just a place of residence but a center of culture, politics, and religion. Historically, Babylon was a literal city known for its grandeur and its role as a center of idolatry and rebellion against God. In the apocalyptic context, "the great city" represents a system or culture that exerts significant influence and stands in opposition to God's kingdom.

that rules over
The concept of ruling or having dominion is central to understanding the power dynamics described in Revelation. The Greek word "βασιλεύω" (basileuō) means to reign or have authority. This indicates not just political power but also cultural and spiritual influence. The imagery suggests a pervasive control that extends beyond mere governance, affecting the hearts and minds of people. In the biblical narrative, such rule is often contrasted with the righteous reign of God, highlighting the tension between earthly and divine authority.

the kings of the earth
The "kings of the earth" refers to the political leaders and authorities who are under the influence of the "great city." In the Greek, "βασιλεῖς" (basileis) denotes rulers or sovereigns. Throughout Revelation, these kings are depicted as being in league with the forces opposed to God, often seduced by the wealth and power offered by the "great city." This phrase underscores the global reach and impact of the corrupt system symbolized by the woman, as it extends its influence over the rulers of nations. The imagery serves as a warning to believers about the seductive nature of worldly power and the importance of remaining faithful to God's kingdom.