Then he brought me back
This phrase indicates a return to a significant location, the temple, which is central to Ezekiel's vision. The Hebrew root for "brought" (שׁוּב, shuv) often implies a return or restoration, suggesting a divine guidance back to a place of spiritual importance. This return is not just physical but symbolic of a return to God's presence and His plans for restoration.

to the entrance of the temple
The temple represents the dwelling place of God among His people. In the historical context, the temple was the center of Jewish worship and the place where God's glory resided. The entrance signifies access to divine presence and blessings, a theme that resonates with the hope of restoration and renewal for Israel.

and I saw water flowing
Water in biblical symbolism often represents life, cleansing, and the Holy Spirit. The Hebrew word for "flowing" (יָצָא, yatsa) conveys the idea of going forth or issuing out, indicating a continuous and life-giving source. This imagery of water flowing from the temple suggests the outpouring of God's blessings and the life-giving power of His Spirit.

from under the threshold of the temple
The threshold is the point of transition from the outside world into the sacred space of the temple. Water flowing from under the threshold symbolizes the divine origin of this life-giving stream. It emphasizes that true spiritual life and renewal come from God alone, originating from His holy presence.

toward the east
The east is often associated with new beginnings and the dawn of a new day. In biblical times, the east was also the direction from which God's glory would return to the temple (Ezekiel 43:2). This directional flow signifies hope and the promise of a new era of God's favor and presence among His people.

(for the temple faced east)
This parenthetical note highlights the orientation of the temple, which was designed to face the rising sun, symbolizing enlightenment, guidance, and the presence of God. It underscores the intentionality of God's design and His desire to illuminate and guide His people.

The water was coming down
The imagery of water descending suggests a divine source and a heavenly blessing being poured out upon the earth. It reflects the concept of God's grace and mercy flowing down to His people, bringing life and restoration.

from under the south side of the temple
The south side, associated with warmth and light, further emphasizes the life-giving and nurturing aspects of the water. In the context of the temple, it suggests that God's blessings are abundant and accessible to all who seek Him.

south of the altar
The altar is the place of sacrifice and atonement, central to the worship and reconciliation with God. The water flowing south of the altar signifies that the life and blessings from God are made possible through sacrifice and atonement, pointing to the ultimate sacrifice of Christ, which brings spiritual renewal and life to all believers.

Then he brought me out through the north gate
This phrase begins with the action of being "brought out," indicating a guided movement, which in the Hebrew context often implies divine guidance or revelation. The "north gate" is significant in the temple's layout, as the north side was traditionally associated with God's presence and judgment. Historically, the north gate could symbolize a place of entry for divine revelation, as the north was often seen as the direction from which God's presence would come (Isaiah 14:13). This movement through the north gate suggests a transition from a place of divine encounter to a broader revelation.

and led me around the outside
The phrase "led me around" suggests a comprehensive tour or exploration, indicating that Ezekiel is being shown something significant. The Hebrew root for "led" often implies guidance with purpose, suggesting that God is revealing something important to Ezekiel. The "outside" refers to the outer areas of the temple, which could symbolize the extension of God's presence beyond the inner sanctum, hinting at the inclusivity of God's grace and the expansion of His kingdom.

to the outer gate facing east
The "outer gate" represents the boundary between the sacred temple area and the outside world. The direction "facing east" is symbolically rich in biblical literature. Eastward is the direction of the sunrise, symbolizing new beginnings, hope, and the coming of God's light. In the context of Ezekiel's vision, the east gate is particularly significant as it is associated with the return of God's glory to the temple (Ezekiel 43:1-5). This directionality underscores the theme of restoration and renewal.

and the water was trickling out from the south side
The "water" in this vision is a powerful symbol of life, purification, and the Holy Spirit. In biblical symbolism, water often represents cleansing and the life-giving presence of God (John 4:14, Revelation 22:1). The "trickling" suggests a humble beginning, a small start that will grow into something much greater, reflecting the mustard seed principle of the Kingdom of God (Matthew 13:31-32). The "south side" may indicate the direction of blessing and abundance, as the south wind in biblical times was often associated with warmth and fertility. This imagery of water flowing from the temple signifies the outpouring of God's blessings and the spread of His life-giving presence to all nations.

As the man went eastward
The phrase "as the man went eastward" signifies a purposeful movement in a specific direction. In biblical symbolism, the east often represents new beginnings or divine intervention. The Hebrew word for "eastward" is "qedem," which can also imply antiquity or eternity, suggesting a journey towards something ancient yet ever-renewing. This directional movement can be seen as a metaphor for spiritual progress or the unfolding of God's eternal plan.

with a measuring line in his hand
The "measuring line" is a tool of precision and order, indicating that God's plans are exact and purposeful. In Hebrew, the word for "line" is "qav," which is used in contexts of construction and design. This imagery suggests that God is the divine architect, measuring out His blessings and judgments with perfect accuracy. The presence of the measuring line underscores the theme of divine order and the meticulous nature of God's work in the world.

he measured off a thousand cubits
The act of measuring "a thousand cubits" emphasizes the vastness and abundance of God's provision. The number "thousand" in Hebrew, "eleph," often symbolizes completeness or a large quantity. This measurement indicates a significant distance, suggesting that God's blessings are extensive and far-reaching. The use of "cubits," an ancient unit of measure, connects the vision to the tangible reality of the Israelites, grounding the spiritual message in their everyday experience.

and led me through water
The phrase "and led me through water" evokes the image of guidance and protection. Water in the Bible often symbolizes life, cleansing, and the Holy Spirit. The Hebrew word for "water" is "mayim," which can represent chaos or blessing, depending on the context. Here, the water is a medium through which the prophet is led, indicating a journey of purification and spiritual growth under divine guidance.

that was ankle-deep
The description "that was ankle-deep" suggests the initial stages of a spiritual journey. The Hebrew term for "ankle" is "qarqov," which implies a foundation or starting point. This depth of water represents the beginning of immersion into God's presence, a call to wade into the spiritual life. It signifies the first steps of faith, where one begins to experience the refreshing and life-giving nature of God's Spirit, encouraging believers to venture deeper into their relationship with Him.

He measured off another thousand cubits
This phrase indicates a continuation of the vision that Ezekiel is experiencing. The act of measuring is significant in biblical literature, often symbolizing God's order and precision. The "thousand cubits" suggests a substantial distance, emphasizing the vastness and abundance of God's provision. In the Hebrew context, the act of measuring can also imply preparation for something significant, such as a divine plan or purpose being revealed.

and led me through the water
Here, Ezekiel is being guided, which is a recurring theme in Scripture where God leads His people. The water symbolizes life, cleansing, and the Holy Spirit. In the Hebrew tradition, water is often associated with purification and renewal. This imagery can inspire believers to trust in God's guidance through life's challenges, knowing that He leads us to spiritual growth and renewal.

water that was knee-deep
The progression of the water's depth from ankle-deep to knee-deep signifies increasing spiritual maturity and depth in one's relationship with God. In biblical symbolism, the knees are often associated with prayer and submission. This suggests a call to deeper prayer life and surrender to God's will. Historically, water levels rising could also indicate the abundance and prosperity that comes from God's blessings.

Once again he measured off a thousand cubits
The phrase "once again" indicates a continuation of a process, suggesting a methodical and deliberate action. The "thousand cubits" is a significant measurement, symbolizing completeness and divine order in biblical numerology. In the Hebrew context, a cubit is approximately 18 inches, making this a substantial distance. This measurement reflects God's precise and purposeful plan, emphasizing His sovereignty and the unfolding of His divine will.

but now it was a river
The transformation from a stream to a river signifies growth and abundance. In biblical symbolism, rivers often represent life, prosperity, and the flow of God's blessings. The Hebrew word for river, "nahar," conveys a sense of continuous movement and vitality. This imagery aligns with the prophetic vision of God's kingdom expanding and His life-giving presence becoming more profound and pervasive.

that I could not cross
This phrase highlights the overwhelming and boundless nature of God's provision and power. The inability to cross the river signifies human limitations in the face of divine majesty. It serves as a reminder of our dependence on God and the vastness of His grace, which surpasses human understanding and capability.

because the water had risen
The rising water symbolizes the increasing influence and impact of God's Spirit. In the biblical context, water often represents the Holy Spirit, cleansing, and renewal. The Hebrew root "alah" for "risen" suggests an elevation or lifting up, indicating the Spirit's transformative work in elevating believers to new spiritual heights and deeper intimacy with God.

and was deep enough to swim in
This phrase conveys the depth and richness of the spiritual life available to believers. Swimming implies immersion and full engagement, inviting us to dive into the fullness of God's presence. The depth of the water reflects the profound mysteries of God, encouraging believers to explore and experience the vastness of His love and wisdom.

a river that could not be crossed
The repetition of the river's uncrossable nature underscores the inexhaustible and eternal nature of God's kingdom. It serves as a metaphor for the infinite and unending flow of God's grace and mercy. This imagery invites believers to trust in God's eternal promises and to rest in the assurance of His unchanging faithfulness.

He asked me
This phrase indicates a direct communication between God and the prophet Ezekiel. The Hebrew root for "asked" is "שָׁאַל" (sha'al), which implies a questioning that seeks understanding or revelation. In the context of Ezekiel's vision, it underscores the importance of divine inquiry, prompting reflection and deeper insight into God's purposes. This interaction highlights the personal relationship between God and His prophets, where God engages them in dialogue to reveal His plans.

Do you see this
The phrase emphasizes the importance of spiritual perception. The Hebrew word for "see" is "רָאָה" (ra'ah), which means to perceive or understand. This is not merely a physical sight but an invitation to comprehend the spiritual significance of the vision. In the biblical context, seeing often implies understanding God's will or recognizing His work. This question challenges Ezekiel—and by extension, the reader—to look beyond the surface and grasp the deeper spiritual truths being revealed.

son of man
This title, "בֶּן־אָדָם" (ben-adam) in Hebrew, is frequently used in Ezekiel to emphasize the prophet's humanity and his role as a representative of mankind. It serves as a reminder of the frailty and limitations of human nature in contrast to the divine. In a broader biblical context, "son of man" is a term that points to humility and the need for reliance on God. It also foreshadows the New Testament use of the term for Jesus, highlighting His identification with humanity.

Then he led me
The action of being led signifies guidance and direction from God. The Hebrew root "נָחָה" (nahah) means to lead or guide, often used in the context of God leading His people. This phrase suggests that God is actively involved in directing Ezekiel's journey, both physically in the vision and spiritually in understanding His message. It reflects the biblical theme of God as the shepherd who leads His people to truth and righteousness.

back to the bank of the river
The "bank of the river" is a significant location in Ezekiel's vision. Rivers in the Bible often symbolize life, abundance, and the presence of God. The Hebrew word for "bank" is "שָׂפָה" (saphah), which can also mean edge or lip, indicating a boundary or transition point. Returning to the riverbank suggests a moment of reflection and realization, where Ezekiel is positioned to witness the transformative power of God's provision and blessing. Historically, rivers were vital for sustenance and growth, symbolizing the life-giving nature of God's Spirit flowing from His temple.

When I arrived
This phrase indicates a moment of arrival and revelation. In the Hebrew text, the verb used here is "בּוֹא" (bo), which means to come or to enter. This suggests a transition from one state to another, symbolizing a movement from ignorance to understanding, or from barrenness to fruitfulness. In the context of Ezekiel's vision, it marks the prophet's entry into a deeper understanding of God's restorative plans for Israel. This arrival is not just physical but spiritual, as Ezekiel is being led by God to witness His transformative power.

I saw
The act of seeing in biblical terms often implies more than just physical sight; it denotes perception and insight. The Hebrew word "רָאָה" (ra'ah) is used, which can mean to see, perceive, or understand. This suggests that Ezekiel is not merely observing with his eyes but is gaining spiritual insight into the vision before him. It is a moment of divine revelation where God is unveiling His plans for renewal and life.

a great number of trees
Trees in the Bible often symbolize life, growth, and prosperity. The Hebrew word for tree is "עֵץ" (etz), which can also represent strength and endurance. The presence of a great number of trees signifies abundance and the flourishing of life. In the context of Ezekiel's vision, these trees are a testament to the life-giving power of the river, which is a metaphor for God's Spirit and His blessings. Historically, trees were vital for survival, providing food, shelter, and resources, thus their abundance here symbolizes God's provision and care.

along both banks of the river
The river in Ezekiel's vision is a central element, representing the life-giving presence of God. The Hebrew word for river is "נָהָר" (nahar), which can also mean a stream or a flow. Rivers are often seen as sources of life and fertility in the Bible, and their banks are places where life thrives. The fact that trees are growing along both banks indicates a complete and encompassing blessing, suggesting that God's provision is not limited but extends fully and generously. This imagery aligns with the biblical theme of God's abundant grace and the promise of restoration for His people.

He said to me
This phrase indicates a direct communication from God to Ezekiel, emphasizing the prophetic nature of the vision. In Hebrew, the verb "said" (אָמַר, 'amar) is often used in divine revelations, underscoring the authority and certainty of the message. This divine communication assures the reader of the authenticity and importance of the vision.

This water flows
The imagery of flowing water is significant in biblical literature, often symbolizing life, purification, and the presence of God. The Hebrew word for "flows" (יָצָא, yatsa) suggests a continuous and purposeful movement, indicating that this is not a stagnant or temporary phenomenon but a perpetual and life-giving process.

out to the eastern region
The "eastern region" refers to the area east of Jerusalem, which historically includes the Jordan Valley and the Dead Sea. This geographical reference is crucial as it situates the vision within a real-world context, making the prophecy tangible and relatable to the original audience. The east often symbolizes new beginnings and hope in biblical texts.

and goes down into the Arabah
The "Arabah" is a desert region, part of the Great Rift Valley, extending from the Sea of Galilee to the Red Sea. This area is typically arid and lifeless, making the imagery of water flowing into it particularly striking. The Hebrew term "Arabah" (עֲרָבָה) can also mean "desert" or "plain," highlighting the transformative power of God's provision in barren places.

When it enters the sea
The "sea" here is traditionally understood to be the Dead Sea, known for its high salinity and inability to support life. The act of the water entering the sea signifies a divine intervention where the natural order is altered. This phrase underscores the miraculous nature of God's work, as the impossible becomes possible through His power.

the water there becomes fresh
The transformation of the Dead Sea's water from salty to fresh is a powerful metaphor for renewal and restoration. The Hebrew word for "fresh" (רָפָא, rapha) can also mean "healed" or "restored," suggesting a complete and holistic renewal. This transformation symbolizes the redemptive work of God, bringing life and healing to what was once dead and barren.

Wherever the river flows
The imagery of a river flowing is a powerful symbol in biblical literature, often representing the life-giving presence of God. In Hebrew, the word for river, "נָהָר" (nahar), can also imply a stream of blessings or divine grace. This river originates from the temple, signifying that true life and rejuvenation come from God’s presence. Historically, rivers have been crucial for sustaining civilizations, and here, it symbolizes spiritual sustenance and renewal.

there will be swarms of living creatures
The phrase "swarms of living creatures" evokes the abundance and diversity of life that results from the river's flow. In Hebrew, "חַיָּה" (chayah) refers to living beings, emphasizing vitality and the breath of life. This abundance is reminiscent of the creation narrative in Genesis, where God fills the earth with living creatures. It underscores the transformative power of God's presence, bringing life to barren places.

and a great multitude of fish
Fish, in biblical times, were a staple of diet and economy, especially in regions like Galilee. The "great multitude of fish" signifies not only physical sustenance but also spiritual nourishment. In the New Testament, fish are often associated with the ministry of Jesus and the calling of His disciples to be "fishers of men" (Matthew 4:19). This abundance points to the expansive reach of God's kingdom and the call to gather people into His fold.

because it flows there and makes the waters fresh
The transformative effect of the river is highlighted by its ability to make waters fresh. The Hebrew word "רָפָא" (rapha) means to heal or restore, indicating that the river brings healing to what was once stagnant or lifeless. This is a metaphor for spiritual renewal, where God's presence purifies and revitalizes. It reflects the promise of new life and hope found in God’s redemptive work.

so wherever the river flows, everything will flourish
The repetition of the river's flow emphasizes its pervasive and unstoppable nature. "Everything will flourish" speaks to the comprehensive impact of God's life-giving presence. The Hebrew word "פָּרָה" (parah) means to bear fruit or thrive, suggesting that under God's influence, life reaches its fullest potential. This flourishing is not limited to physical prosperity but extends to spiritual growth and fulfillment, embodying the abundant life promised by Christ (John 10:10).

Fishermen will stand by the shore
The imagery of fishermen standing by the shore evokes a sense of abundance and provision. In the Hebrew context, fishermen were common in the region due to the proximity to bodies of water like the Sea of Galilee. The act of standing by the shore signifies readiness and anticipation for a bountiful catch. This phrase symbolizes the restoration and blessing that God promises to His people, indicating a time of prosperity and divine favor.

from En-gedi to En-eglaim
En-gedi and En-eglaim are specific locations that provide geographical context to the prophecy. En-gedi, known for its oasis and lush vegetation, is located near the Dead Sea. En-eglaim's exact location is less certain, but it is believed to be nearby. The mention of these places highlights the transformation of the Dead Sea region, known for its barrenness, into a life-sustaining area. This transformation is a powerful metaphor for God's ability to bring life and renewal to seemingly desolate places.

there will be places for spreading nets
The phrase "places for spreading nets" indicates preparation and expectation of a significant harvest. In ancient times, spreading nets was a common method for catching fish, requiring skill and patience. This imagery suggests that the blessings God provides will require human participation and readiness to receive. It emphasizes the partnership between divine provision and human action, encouraging believers to be prepared for the opportunities God presents.

The fish will be of many kinds
The diversity of fish symbolizes the richness and variety of God's blessings. In the Hebrew context, the mention of "many kinds" of fish reflects the abundance and diversity found in the Mediterranean Sea, known as the Great Sea. This diversity can also be seen as a metaphor for the inclusivity of God's kingdom, where people from all nations and backgrounds are welcomed and blessed.

like the fish of the Great Sea
The Great Sea, or the Mediterranean Sea, was known for its vastness and the variety of marine life it supported. By comparing the fish in the transformed waters to those of the Great Sea, the verse underscores the magnitude of the miracle God will perform. It serves as a reminder of God's power to exceed expectations and provide beyond what is naturally possible. This comparison inspires faith in God's ability to bring about extraordinary change and abundance in the lives of His people.

But the swamps and marshes
The Hebrew words for "swamps" (בִּצּוֹת, "bitzot") and "marshes" (גֵּבֵי, "gevei") refer to areas of stagnant water, often associated with unproductiveness and desolation. In the context of Ezekiel's vision, these areas contrast with the life-giving waters flowing from the temple. Historically, swamps and marshes were seen as places of decay and danger, often avoided by travelers. Spiritually, they symbolize areas of life resistant to the transformative power of God's presence. This imagery serves as a reminder of the necessity of allowing God's living water to flow freely in our lives, avoiding spiritual stagnation.

will not become fresh
The phrase "will not become fresh" indicates a deliberate exclusion from the miraculous transformation described in the surrounding verses. The Hebrew root for "fresh" (חָפָר, "chafar") implies renewal and purification. In the broader biblical narrative, water often symbolizes cleansing and new life, as seen in baptism and the living water offered by Christ. The refusal of these areas to become fresh suggests a resistance to divine renewal, highlighting the consequences of rejecting God's grace and the importance of remaining open to His transformative work.

they will be left for salt
Salt, in biblical times, had multiple uses: as a preservative, a purifying agent, and a symbol of covenant (e.g., the "salt of the covenant" in Leviticus 2:13). However, in this context, being "left for salt" suggests desolation and barrenness. The Dead Sea, known for its high salinity, serves as a geographical and symbolic reference point. Spiritually, this phrase warns of the dangers of spiritual barrenness and the consequences of resisting God's life-giving presence. Yet, it also serves as a call to repentance and renewal, reminding believers of the hope and restoration available through Christ, who calls us to be the "salt of the earth" (Matthew 5:13), preserving and purifying the world through His love and truth.

Along both banks of the river
This phrase paints a vivid picture of abundance and life. In the Hebrew context, rivers are often symbols of life and sustenance. The river here is not just any river but one that flows from the sanctuary, indicating divine origin and blessing. The banks of the river represent the boundaries within which God's provision and life-giving power operate. Historically, rivers were central to the life of ancient civilizations, providing water for drinking, agriculture, and transportation. Spiritually, this imagery suggests that God's blessings are abundant and accessible to all who are near His presence.

fruit trees of all kinds will grow
The diversity of the fruit trees signifies the richness and variety of God's provision. In the Hebrew Bible, fruitfulness is often associated with God's blessing and favor. The phrase "of all kinds" suggests inclusivity and the idea that God's blessings are not limited to a specific type or group. This can be seen as a metaphor for the spiritual fruits that believers are called to bear, as described in Galatians 5:22-23. The growth of these trees is a testament to the life-giving power of the river, symbolizing the Holy Spirit's work in the life of a believer.

Their leaves will not wither
This phrase emphasizes the perpetual vitality and health of the trees. In the harsh climate of the Middle East, withering leaves would be a common sight, indicating drought or disease. However, these trees are sustained by the river from the sanctuary, ensuring their constant health. This can be seen as a metaphor for the believer's life, which, when rooted in God's Word and Spirit, remains vibrant and resilient despite external circumstances. The imagery echoes Psalm 1:3, where the righteous are likened to a tree planted by streams of water.

and their fruit will not fail
The unfailing fruit represents the reliability and constancy of God's provision. In an agrarian society, the failure of crops could mean disaster, but here, there is a promise of continual harvest. This assurance can be seen as a reflection of God's faithfulness and the certainty of His promises. Spiritually, it suggests that the fruits of the Spirit and the works of righteousness in a believer's life will be enduring and impactful.

Each month they will bear fruit
The regularity of the fruit-bearing is significant, indicating a supernatural provision that defies natural agricultural cycles. In ancient Israel, most fruit trees would have specific seasons for bearing fruit, but these trees are extraordinary, producing fruit every month. This can be interpreted as a symbol of the continuous and unending blessings that flow from a relationship with God. It also suggests the idea of spiritual growth and productivity that is not bound by earthly limitations.

because the water from the sanctuary flows to them
The source of the trees' vitality is the water from the sanctuary, highlighting the divine origin of their life and fruitfulness. The sanctuary, being the dwelling place of God, signifies His presence and holiness. The water flowing from it represents the life-giving power of God, reminiscent of the living water that Jesus speaks of in John 4:10-14. This connection underscores the importance of being rooted in God's presence for spiritual nourishment and growth.

Their fruit will be used for food
The fruit serves a practical purpose, providing sustenance and nourishment. This reflects the idea that the blessings and gifts from God are meant to be shared and used for the benefit of others. In a spiritual sense, it suggests that the fruits of a believer's life—such as love, joy, peace, and kindness—are meant to nourish and bless those around them.

and their leaves for healing
The healing properties of the leaves point to restoration and wholeness. In ancient times, leaves and herbs were often used for medicinal purposes, symbolizing health and healing. This imagery is echoed in Revelation 22:2, where the leaves of the tree of life are for the healing of the nations. It suggests that God's provision is not only for sustenance but also for healing and restoration, both physically and spiritually. This can be seen as a promise of the ultimate healing and restoration that comes through Christ.

This is what the Lord GOD says
This phrase underscores the divine authority and origin of the message. The Hebrew term for "Lord GOD" is "Adonai Yahweh," emphasizing both the sovereignty and covenantal relationship God has with Israel. This introduction serves as a reminder that the instructions are not merely human decisions but are divinely ordained, carrying the weight and authority of God Himself.

This is the boundary
The term "boundary" refers to the specific geographical limits set by God for the land of Israel. In the Hebrew context, boundaries were significant as they defined the inheritance and identity of the tribes. This demarcation is not just a physical description but a divine allocation, reflecting God's sovereign plan for His people. It signifies order, structure, and divine intention in the distribution of the land.

by which you are to divide the land
The act of dividing the land is a fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. The Hebrew word for "divide" (חָלַק, "chalak") implies an equitable distribution, ensuring that each tribe receives its rightful inheritance. This division is not arbitrary but is guided by divine wisdom and justice, reflecting God's faithfulness to His covenant.

as an inheritance
The concept of "inheritance" (נַחֲלָה, "nachalah") is deeply rooted in the Hebrew understanding of God's promises. It signifies a permanent possession, a gift from God that is to be cherished and preserved. This inheritance is not just a physical territory but a spiritual legacy, symbolizing the enduring relationship between God and His people.

among the twelve tribes of Israel
The mention of the "twelve tribes" highlights the unity and diversity within the nation of Israel. Each tribe, descending from the sons of Jacob, has a unique role and identity within the collective whole. This allocation reaffirms the covenantal promises made to the patriarchs and underscores the continuity of God's plan for His chosen people.

with Joseph having two portions
Joseph receiving "two portions" is a reference to the double blessing given to him, which is fulfilled through his sons, Ephraim and Manasseh. This allocation reflects the special favor and blessing Joseph received from Jacob, as recorded in Genesis. It also serves as a reminder of God's providence and the fulfillment of His promises, even through the complexities of human history. This double portion signifies abundance and the continuation of God's faithfulness to His people.

You are to divide it equally among the tribes of Israel
The phrase "divide it equally" emphasizes the fairness and justice of God's distribution of the land. The Hebrew root for "divide" is "חָלַק" (chalak), which implies an orderly and intentional distribution. This reflects God's desire for equity among His people, ensuring that each tribe receives its rightful portion. Historically, this division underscores the unity and collective identity of Israel as God's chosen people, each tribe having a unique role yet sharing in the common inheritance.

because I swore with uplifted hand
The imagery of God swearing "with uplifted hand" is a powerful expression of His unbreakable promise. In ancient Near Eastern culture, raising one's hand was a gesture of making a solemn oath. The Hebrew word "נָשָׂא" (nasa) for "uplifted" conveys the seriousness and commitment of God's promise. This phrase reassures the Israelites of the certainty and faithfulness of God's covenant, reminding them of His unwavering commitment to fulfill His promises.

to give it to your fathers
This phrase connects the present generation of Israelites with their ancestors, highlighting the continuity of God's covenantal promises. The Hebrew word "נָתַן" (natan) for "give" signifies a gift or grant, emphasizing that the land is a divine gift rather than something earned. This historical context reminds the Israelites of the patriarchs—Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob—and God's enduring promise to them, reinforcing the idea of a perpetual inheritance.

This land will fall to you as an inheritance
The concept of "inheritance" is central to Israel's identity and relationship with God. The Hebrew word "נַחֲלָה" (nachalah) for "inheritance" implies a possession that is passed down through generations. This inheritance is not merely a physical territory but a spiritual legacy, symbolizing God's enduring covenant with His people. The phrase "will fall to you" suggests a divine orchestration, where the land is not taken by force but received as a fulfillment of God's promise. This reinforces the idea of divine providence and the assurance of God's faithfulness to His covenant.

This shall be the boundary of the land
This phrase introduces a divine decree regarding the territorial limits of the land promised to Israel. The Hebrew word for "boundary" is "גְּבוּל" (gevul), which signifies a defined limit or border. In the biblical context, boundaries were not just physical demarcations but also spiritual and covenantal markers. They represented God's promise and provision for His people, delineating the space where His covenant community would dwell and thrive.

On the north side
The specification of the "north side" indicates a precise geographical orientation. In ancient Israel, directions were often given in relation to the cardinal points, with the north being associated with the unknown or foreign lands. This northern boundary signifies the extent of God's promise reaching into areas that were often seen as distant or hostile, emphasizing His sovereignty over all creation.

it will extend from the Great Sea
The "Great Sea" refers to the Mediterranean Sea, known in Hebrew as "הַיָּם הַגָּדוֹל" (hayam hagadol). This body of water was a significant geographical feature for Israel, serving as a natural boundary and a source of trade and interaction with other cultures. The mention of the Great Sea underscores the vastness of the land promised to Israel, highlighting God's abundant provision.

by way of Hethlon
Hethlon is a location mentioned in the context of the northern boundary. While its exact location is uncertain, it is believed to be in the region of modern-day Lebanon or Syria. The mention of Hethlon indicates a specific route or path, suggesting that God's boundaries are not arbitrary but carefully planned and purposeful.

through Lebo-hamath
Lebo-hamath, often identified with the entrance to Hamath, was a significant city-state in ancient times, located in what is now modern-day Syria. The inclusion of Lebo-hamath in the boundary description highlights the historical and political realities of the region during Ezekiel's time. It also reflects the extent of the land that God intended for His people, reaching into territories that were once foreign or hostile.

to Zedad
Zedad is another location marking the northern boundary of the land. Its precise location is not definitively known, but it is thought to be in the vicinity of modern-day Syria. The mention of Zedad, along with other specific locations, serves to provide a clear and detailed description of the land's boundaries, reinforcing the idea that God's promises are concrete and specific.

Berothah
This location is mentioned in the context of the boundaries of the land described in Ezekiel's vision. The name "Berothah" is thought to be derived from the Hebrew root "bērôt," meaning "wells" or "cisterns." This suggests a place of sustenance and life, symbolizing God's provision for His people. Historically, Berothah is associated with a region that was part of the northern boundary of the land promised to Israel, indicating the extent of God's promise and the abundance He intends for His people.

Sibraim
The mention of Sibraim, which is less known in biblical records, highlights the precision and detail in God's promises. The name may be linked to the Hebrew root "sabar," meaning "to hope" or "to wait." This can be seen as a reminder of the hope and expectation that God's people should have in His promises. The location serves as a marker of the boundary, emphasizing the completeness and certainty of God's covenant.

which lies on the border between Damascus and Hamath
This phrase situates the vision within a real geographical context, grounding the prophetic vision in historical reality. Damascus and Hamath were significant cities in ancient Near Eastern history, often representing powerful nations. The border between these cities signifies a place of transition and interaction, symbolizing the influence and reach of God's kingdom. It underscores the idea that God's promises transcend political and national boundaries, offering a vision of peace and unity.

as far as Hazer-hatticon
The name "Hazer-hatticon" can be translated as "the middle village" or "the village in the middle." This suggests a central point or a place of gathering. In the context of Ezekiel's vision, it may symbolize the centrality of God's presence and His desire to dwell among His people. The mention of this location emphasizes the inclusivity and centrality of God's kingdom, where all are invited to partake in His blessings.

which is on the border of Hauran
Hauran was a fertile region known for its agricultural productivity. The border of Hauran represents the edge of a fruitful land, symbolizing the abundance and prosperity that come from living within God's ordained boundaries. This phrase serves as a reminder of the blessings that flow from obedience and alignment with God's will. It also points to the future hope of restoration and renewal for God's people, as they inhabit the land He has prepared for them.

So the border will extend
The phrase "the border will extend" indicates a demarcation or boundary that is being set. In the Hebrew context, the word for "border" is "גְּבוּל" (gevul), which often signifies a limit or territory. This is not just a physical boundary but also a spiritual and covenantal one, as God is defining the land He is giving to His people. The extension of the border signifies the expansion of God's promise and the fulfillment of His covenant with Israel.

from the sea
The "sea" referred to here is likely the Mediterranean Sea, which was a significant geographical marker for the Israelites. In biblical symbolism, the sea often represents chaos and the unknown, yet here it is a boundary of the Promised Land, indicating God's sovereignty over all creation, including the chaotic and unknown.

to Hazar-enan
Hazar-enan is a location whose exact historical and archaeological identification remains uncertain. However, it is mentioned as a northern boundary point. The name "Hazar-enan" can be translated as "village of springs," suggesting a place of life and sustenance. This reflects God's provision and the life-giving nature of His promises.

along the northern border of Damascus
Damascus, one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, was a significant city in ancient times. The mention of Damascus as a border point highlights the extent of the land promised to Israel. Historically, Damascus was a center of trade and culture, and its inclusion in the boundary signifies the influence and reach of God's people.

with the border of Hamath to the north
Hamath was an ancient city-state located in what is now modern-day Syria. It was known for its strategic location and influence. The inclusion of Hamath in the northern border emphasizes the breadth of the land God is granting to Israel. It also serves as a reminder of God's power to grant His people territory that was once foreign and influential.

This will be the northern border
The repetition of the phrase "northern border" underscores the importance of this demarcation. In biblical terms, the north often symbolizes judgment and power. By establishing this as the northern border, God is not only defining the physical territory but also asserting His authority and protection over His people. This boundary is a testament to God's faithfulness and the fulfillment of His promises to Israel.

On the east side
The phrase "on the east side" refers to the geographical orientation of the land being described. In biblical times, directions were often given in relation to the rising sun, which is in the east. The east side of the land of Israel holds significant historical and spiritual importance, as it was often seen as a place of new beginnings and divine encounters. The east is also where the Garden of Eden was located, symbolizing a return to paradise and God's original plan for humanity.

the boundary
The term "boundary" in this context refers to the divinely appointed limits of the land given to the tribes of Israel. In Hebrew, the word for boundary is "gebul," which signifies a border or limit. Boundaries were crucial in ancient times for defining territories and ensuring peace among neighboring tribes and nations. Spiritually, boundaries can also represent the limits set by God for His people, within which they are to live and thrive according to His commandments.

will run between Hauran and Damascus
"Hauran" and "Damascus" are regions located to the northeast of Israel. Hauran is a fertile area known for its agriculture, while Damascus is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. The mention of these locations highlights the extent of the land promised to Israel, reaching into areas that were historically significant and often contested. This boundary signifies God's promise of a vast and prosperous land for His people.

along the Jordan
The Jordan River is a central geographical feature in the biblical narrative, symbolizing transition and transformation. It was the river that the Israelites crossed to enter the Promised Land, and it is also where Jesus was baptized, marking the beginning of His public ministry. The Jordan represents a boundary between the old and the new, a place of crossing over into God's promises and purposes.

between Gilead and the land of Israel
Gilead is a region east of the Jordan River, known for its balm, a healing ointment. The phrase "between Gilead and the land of Israel" indicates the specific area of the boundary. Gilead's mention evokes themes of healing and restoration, suggesting that the land within these boundaries is a place of divine provision and blessing. The land of Israel, as defined by God, is a place where His people can experience His presence and favor.

you will measure
The act of measuring signifies careful planning and divine order. In Hebrew, the word for measure is "madad," which implies stretching out or extending. This measurement is not just a physical act but a spiritual one, as it involves understanding and accepting the limits and blessings God has set for His people. It is a call to recognize God's sovereignty and to live within His ordained boundaries.

from the northern border to the eastern sea
The "northern border" and the "eastern sea" (likely referring to the Dead Sea) define the extent of the land from north to east. This description emphasizes the completeness and sufficiency of God's provision. The northern border often represented the edge of known civilization, while the eastern sea was a place of mystery and depth. Together, they symbolize the vastness of God's promise and the security found within His designated territory. This boundary assures the Israelites of their inheritance and God's faithfulness to His covenant.

The southern boundary
The phrase "the southern boundary" refers to the demarcation line that defines the southernmost limits of the land allotted to the tribes of Israel. In the Hebrew context, boundaries were significant as they represented God's promise and provision for His people. The establishment of boundaries was a divine act, symbolizing order, inheritance, and identity. Historically, boundaries were essential for maintaining peace and clarity among tribes and nations.

will run from Tamar
"Tamar" is a location whose exact identification is debated among scholars, but it is generally considered to be in the southern region of ancient Israel. The name "Tamar" means "palm tree" in Hebrew, which could indicate a place of fertility and life in an otherwise arid region. This location marks the starting point of the southern boundary, emphasizing the extent of the land God promised to His people.

to the waters of Meribah-kadesh
"Meribah-kadesh" is a significant site in Israel's history, known for the Israelites' rebellion and Moses striking the rock to bring forth water (Numbers 20:13). The name "Meribah" means "quarreling" or "strife," and "Kadesh" means "holy." This site serves as a reminder of both God's provision and the consequences of disobedience. It is a place where God's holiness and the people's need for faith intersected.

then along the Brook of Egypt
The "Brook of Egypt" is traditionally identified with Wadi El-Arish, a seasonal river in the Sinai Peninsula. This brook served as a natural boundary between Egypt and Canaan. In the biblical context, it represents the edge of the Promised Land, a place where God's people would be distinct from the nations around them. The brook symbolizes a transition from the known world into the land of divine promise.

to the Great Sea
The "Great Sea" refers to the Mediterranean Sea, a vast body of water that formed the western boundary of the Promised Land. In biblical symbolism, the sea often represents chaos and the unknown, yet here it is a boundary set by God, indicating His control over creation. The Great Sea as a boundary underscores the vastness and richness of the land God provided for Israel.

This will be the southern boundary
The repetition of "This will be the southern boundary" emphasizes the certainty and authority of God's decree. It is a divine affirmation of the land's limits, ensuring that the Israelites understood the extent of their inheritance. This boundary is not just a physical demarcation but a spiritual one, reminding the people of their unique identity and calling as God's chosen nation.

So the western boundary
The phrase "western boundary" refers to the delineation of the land that God is promising to the Israelites. In the Hebrew context, boundaries were significant as they defined the inheritance and the extent of the land given by God. The term "boundary" (Hebrew: גבול, "gevul") is often used in the Old Testament to describe the limits set by God for His people, symbolizing divine order and provision. This boundary is not just a physical demarcation but also a spiritual one, indicating the extent of God's promise and blessing.

will be the Great Sea
The "Great Sea" is a reference to the Mediterranean Sea, which was known as the "Great Sea" in ancient times. This body of water was a crucial geographical feature for the Israelites, providing a natural boundary and a source of trade and sustenance. The Mediterranean Sea was a significant part of the ancient world, serving as a major route for commerce and cultural exchange. In the biblical context, it represents the vastness and the grandeur of God's creation, as well as His provision for His people.

and its coastline
The "coastline" refers to the shore of the Mediterranean Sea. In Hebrew, the word for coastline is "חוף" (chof), which signifies the edge or the border of the sea. The coastline was an important area for the Israelites, as it provided access to maritime resources and trade routes. Historically, the coastline was a place of interaction with other cultures and peoples, which sometimes led to challenges but also opportunities for the Israelites to be a light to the nations. Spiritually, the coastline can be seen as the boundary between the known and the unknown, the land and the sea, symbolizing the transition and the interface between God's promises and the world.

this will be the boundary to the west
The repetition of the term "boundary" emphasizes the importance of the limits set by God. The "west" (Hebrew: מערב, "ma'arav") is significant as it represents the direction of the setting sun, often symbolizing the end of a journey or the completion of a promise. In the biblical narrative, the westward boundary signifies the fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham regarding the land. It is a reminder of God's faithfulness and the assurance that He will fulfill His covenant with His people. The western boundary, marked by the Great Sea, serves as a testament to the vastness of God's provision and the security found within His ordained limits.

You are to divide
The phrase "You are to divide" indicates a command or directive given by God through the prophet Ezekiel. The Hebrew root for "divide" is "חָלַק" (chalak), which means to apportion or distribute. This command reflects God's sovereign authority over the land and His intention for orderly distribution among His people. Historically, this directive echoes the division of the Promised Land under Joshua, emphasizing God's faithfulness in fulfilling His promises. It also symbolizes the restoration and renewal of Israel, pointing to a future hope where God's people are settled in peace and prosperity.

this land
The term "this land" refers specifically to the land of Israel, a central theme in the biblical narrative. The land is not just a physical territory but a symbol of God's covenant with His people. In the Hebrew context, "אֶרֶץ" (eretz) is often used to denote the land promised to Abraham and his descendants. This promise is foundational to Israel's identity and mission. Archaeologically, the land of Israel is rich with evidence of ancient settlements, underscoring its historical significance. Spiritually, "this land" represents God's provision and blessing, a place where His presence dwells among His people.

among yourselves
The phrase "among yourselves" highlights the communal aspect of the division. It implies a shared inheritance and responsibility among the tribes of Israel. The Hebrew word "בֵּינֵיכֶם" (beyneichem) suggests a sense of unity and cooperation. This communal distribution is a reminder of the interconnectedness of God's people and their collective identity as His chosen nation. It also serves as a call to live in harmony and justice, reflecting God's character in their relationships with one another.

according to the tribes of Israel
The phrase "according to the tribes of Israel" specifies the method of division, rooted in the tribal system established by God. The Hebrew word for "tribes" is "שְׁבָטִים" (shevatim), referring to the twelve tribes descended from the sons of Jacob. This tribal identity is crucial in understanding Israel's social and religious structure. Historically, each tribe had its own territory, leaders, and responsibilities, contributing to the nation's overall function. Scripturally, the tribes represent the fullness of God's people, each with a unique role in His redemptive plan. This division underscores God's faithfulness to His covenant and His desire for each tribe to flourish in their God-given inheritance.

You are to allot it as an inheritance
The Hebrew word for "allot" is "נָחַל" (nachal), which means to distribute or assign. In the context of ancient Israel, land inheritance was a significant aspect of God's covenant with His people. The land was not merely property but a divine gift, a tangible sign of God's promise and faithfulness. This command to allot land underscores the importance of equitable distribution and the recognition of God's sovereignty over the land.

for yourselves and for the foreigners who dwell among you
The term "foreigners" is translated from the Hebrew "גֵּרִים" (gerim), referring to non-Israelites living among the Israelites. Historically, foreigners in Israel were often marginalized, but this verse highlights a radical inclusion. It reflects God's heart for justice and compassion, extending the blessings of the covenant community to all who dwell within its borders, regardless of their ethnic origin.

and who have children
The mention of "children" emphasizes the generational aspect of the inheritance. It is not just a temporary provision but a lasting legacy. This inclusion of foreigners and their descendants in the inheritance signifies a breaking down of barriers and a foreshadowing of the New Testament revelation that in Christ, there is neither Jew nor Gentile (Galatians 3:28).

You are to treat them as native-born Israelites
The phrase "native-born Israelites" translates the Hebrew "כְּאֶזְרָח" (ke'ezrach), meaning a citizen or one born in the land. This command to treat foreigners as native-born Israelites is profound, as it calls for equality and full integration into the community. It reflects God's inclusive nature and His desire for His people to embody His justice and love.

along with you, they shall be allotted an inheritance
The repetition of the word "inheritance" reinforces the idea of shared blessings and communal responsibility. It is a call to recognize the dignity and worth of every individual, regardless of their background. This principle of shared inheritance is a precursor to the New Testament teaching of the Church as one body in Christ, where all believers are co-heirs with Him (Romans 8:17).

among the tribes of Israel
The "tribes of Israel" were the foundational social and political units of ancient Israel. By including foreigners in the inheritance among the tribes, God is expanding the boundaries of His covenant community. This inclusion is a prophetic glimpse of the ultimate gathering of all nations into God's kingdom, as seen in Revelation 7:9, where people from every tribe and language stand before the throne of God.

In whatever tribe
This phrase indicates a sense of inclusivity and universality within the tribes of Israel. The Hebrew word for "tribe" is "שֵׁבֶט" (shevet), which not only refers to a division of the nation but also carries the connotation of a staff or scepter, symbolizing authority and governance. Historically, the twelve tribes of Israel were distinct entities with their own territories and leadership. This directive to include foreigners within these tribes suggests a breaking down of barriers and an expansion of community boundaries, reflecting God's heart for unity and acceptance.

a foreigner dwells
The term "foreigner" is translated from the Hebrew "גֵּר" (ger), which refers to a sojourner or resident alien. In ancient Israel, foreigners were often marginalized and lacked the rights and privileges of native-born Israelites. However, this verse emphasizes the importance of integrating these individuals into the community. The act of dwelling implies a sense of permanence and belonging, suggesting that God's covenant community is open to all who choose to reside within it, regardless of their origin.

you are to assign his inheritance
The concept of inheritance in Hebrew, "נַחֲלָה" (nachalah), is deeply rooted in the idea of a permanent possession or heritage. In the context of Israel, land inheritance was a critical aspect of identity and security. By commanding the Israelites to assign inheritance to foreigners, God is extending the promise of stability and blessing to those who were traditionally excluded. This act of assigning inheritance is a powerful symbol of God's grace and the breaking down of societal barriers.

there
The word "there" signifies a specific location within the tribal lands. It underscores the idea that the foreigner is not to be given a separate or lesser portion but is to be integrated fully into the existing tribal structure. This reflects the biblical principle of equality before God and the dismantling of divisions that separate people based on ethnicity or origin.

declares the Lord GOD
This phrase is a solemn affirmation of divine authority and intention. The Hebrew "נְאֻם אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה" (ne'um Adonai Yahweh) is often used to emphasize the certainty and seriousness of God's pronouncements. It serves as a reminder that these instructions are not merely human ideals but are rooted in the divine will. The use of both "Adonai" (Lord) and "Yahweh" (GOD) highlights the covenantal relationship between God and His people, reinforcing the idea that this inclusive vision is an integral part of God's redemptive plan for humanity.