Berean Strong's Lexicon charash: To be silent, to be still, to plow, to engrave, to devise Original Word: חָרַשׁ Word Origin: A primitive root Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: - σιωπάω (siōpaō): To be silent, to hold one's peace - ἐπινοέω (epinoeō): To devise, to plan Usage: The Hebrew verb "charash" carries a range of meanings depending on the context. Primarily, it means "to be silent" or "to be still," often implying a deliberate choice to refrain from speaking or acting. It can also mean "to plow," referring to the act of tilling the ground, or "to engrave," indicating the act of inscribing or carving. Additionally, "charash" can mean "to devise" or "to plan," often with a connotation of crafting or plotting. Cultural and Historical Background: In ancient Israelite culture, the act of being silent or still was often associated with wisdom and reverence, particularly in the presence of God or during times of reflection and decision-making. Plowing was a fundamental agricultural activity, essential for preparing the land for sowing and ensuring a good harvest. Engraving was a skilled craft, important for creating inscriptions and artistic designs, often used in religious and cultural artifacts. The concept of devising plans was significant in both positive and negative contexts, reflecting the human capacity for creativity and strategy. Brown-Driver-Briggs I. [חָרַשׁ] verb cut in, engrave, plough, devise (Late Hebrew id., plough, so Eth  Phoenician חרש, Aramaic (rare) חֲרַת engrave,  cleave, plough, Arabic  plough) — Qal Perfect חָֽרְשׁוּ Psalm 129:3, חֲרַשְׁתֶּם Judges 14:18; Hosea 10:13; Imperfect יַחֲרשׁ Isaiah 28:24; Proverbs 20:4; יַחֲרוֺשׁ Hosea 10:11+ Amos 6:12 (see below); 2 masculine singular תַּחֲרשׁ Deuteronomy 22:10; Proverbs 3:29; Infinitive construct חֲרשׁ 1 Samuel 8:12; Participle חֹרֵשׁ Genesis 4:22 5t.; חוֺרֵשׁ Amos 9:13; plural חֹרְשִׁים Psalm 129:3, חֹרְשֵׁי Job 4:8 3t., feminine plural absolute חֹרְשׁוֺת Job 1:14; passive חֲרוּשָׁה Jeremiah 17:1: — 1 cut in, engrave, of worker in metals נְחשֶׁת וּבַרְזֶל ׳ח Genesis 4:22 (J), נחשׁת ׳ח 1 Kings 7:14; figurative עַללֿוּחַ לִבָּם ׳ח Jeremiah 17:1 engraved on the tablet of their heart. 2 plough, literally, human subject (animal usually with בְּ), no object expressed 1 Kings 19:19; Deuteronomy 22:10; Isaiah 28:24, so יַחֲרוֺשׁ בבקרים Amos 6:12 (but read probably יֵחָרֵשׁ בבקר יָם, see We and others); with accusative of congnate meaning with verb חֲרִישׁוֺ ׳ח 1 Samuel 8:12 plough his ploughing (= do his ploughing), Proverbs 20:4; figurative of Judah Hosea 10:11; with ethical reference רֶשַׁע ׳ח Hosea 10:13 ("" קצר), אָוֶן ׳ח Job 4:8 ("" זרע, קצר); עַלגַּֿבִּי חָֽרְשׁוּ חֹרְשִׁים Psalm 129:3 upon my back have ploughmen ploughed (figurative of oppression by wicked); חֹרֵשׁ = ploughman Isaiah 28:24; Amos 9:13 ("" קוֺצֵר); ׳ח with oxen subject only Job 1:14. 3 devise (as one who works in, practises), usually bad sense, object רָעָה Proverbs 3:29, רַע Proverbs 6:14; מַחְשְׁבוֺת אָוֶן Proverbs 6:18, חֹרְשֵׁירַע Proverbs 12:20; Proverbs 14:22; but also חֹרְשֵׁי טוֺב Proverbs 14:22. Niph`al Imperfect3feminine singular צִיּוֺן שָׂדֶה תֵּחָרֵשׁ Micah 3:12 Zion, as a field she shall be ploughed = Jeremiah 26:18. Hiph`il Participle מַחֲרִישׁ רָעָה עַלֿ 1 Samuel 23:9 fabricating mischief against (see Dr, and compare We). II. [חָרֵשׁ] verb 1. be silent, dumb, speechless; 2 be deaf; chiefly poet. (Late Hebrew Pi`el make deaf; Aramaic Qal Imperfect יֶחֱרָ֑שׁ Psalm 50:3; 2masculine singular תֶּחֱרַשׁ Psalm 28:1; Psalm 83:2; תֶּחֱרַ֑שׁ Psalm 35:22; Psalm 109:1; תֶּחֱרָ֑שׁ Psalm 39:13; 3feminine plural תֶּחֱרַ֑שְׁנָה Micah 7:16; — 1 be silent, always of God's keeping silence when men pray Psalm 35:22; Psalm 50:3; Psalm 83:2; Psalm 109:1; followed by אֶלֿ Psalm 39:13. 2 be deaf, subject ׳י, followed by מִמֶּנִּי Psalm 28:1; subject אָזְנַיִם Micah 7:16. Hiph`il Perfect חֶחֱרִשׁ Numbers 30:15; Genesis 34:5; יְחֶחֱרִישׁ consecutive Numbers 30:5; Numbers 30:8; וְהֶחֱרִשׁ consecutive Numbers 30:12; הֶחֱרַ֫שְׁתִּי Esther 7:4 2t. etc.; Imperfect יַחֲרִישׁ Numbers 30:15 2t. (including Zephaniah 3:17 see below); 2 masculine singular תַּחֲרִישׁ Habakkuk 1:13; jussive תַּחְרֵשׁ 1 Samuel 7:8; 2masculine plural תַּחֲרִישׁוּן Job 13:5; תַּחֲרִשׁוּן Exodus 14:14, etc.; Imperative הַחֲרֵשׁ Judges 18:19 2t.; הַחֲרִ֫ישִׁי 2 Samuel 13:20; הַחֲרִ֫ישׁוּ Job 13:13; Isaiah 41:1; Infinitive absolute הַחֲרֵשׁ Numbers 30:15 2t.; Participle מַחֲרִישׁ Genesis 24:21 2t. (including 1 Samuel 10:27 see below); מַחֲרִישִׁים 2 Samuel 19:11; — 1 be silent (= exhibit silence) a. almost always of men Genesis 24:21; Genesis 34:5; Exodus 14:14 (all J), Judges 18:19; 2 Samuel 13:20; 2 Samuel 19:11; 2 Kings 18:36 = Isaiah 36:21; Jeremiah 4:19; Job 6:24; Job 13:5 (twice in verse); Job 13:19; Job 33:31,33; Proverbs 11:12; Proverbs 17:28; Psalm 32:3; Nehemiah 5:8; Esther 4:14 (twice in verse); Esther 7:4; also וַיְהִי כְּמַחֲרִישׁ 1 Samuel 10:27 (but read rather ויהי כְּמֵחֹדֶשׁ and it came to pass after about a month, ᵐ5 Dr); יחרישׁ באהבתו Zephaniah 3:17 (ᵐ5 ᵑ6 יְחַדֵּשׁ he will renew his love, see especially BuhlZAW see 1885, 183); ׳ח with לְ person keep silence at one, i.e. fail to make objection at proper time Numbers 30:5; Numbers 30:8; Numbers 30:12; Numbers 30:15 (3 t. in verse) (all P); אלי ׳הח Isaiah 41:1 pregnantly = come silently unto me; followed by מִן person cease to speak with Jeremiah 38:27; be silent about, pass by in silence, followed by accusative בַּדָּיו ׳אח Job 41:4. b. rarely of God, permitting evil in silence Habakkuk 1:13; Isaiah 42:14; Psalm 50:21. 2 once causat. make silent, with accusative Job 11:3. 3 be deaf, shew deafness: אַלֿ תַּחֲרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ מִזְּעֹק 1 Samuel 7:8 be not deaf (turning) from us, so as not to cry. ** Hithpa`el Imperfect3masculine plural וַיִּתְחָֽרְשׁוּ Judges 16:2 and they kept quiet. Strong's Exhaustive Concordance altogether, cease, conceal, be deaf, devise, ear, graven, imagine, A primitive root; to scratch, i.e. (by implication) to engrave, plough; hence (from the use of tools) to fabricate (of any material); figuratively, to devise (in a bad sense); hence (from the idea of secrecy) to be silent, to let alone; hence (by implication) to be deaf (as an accompaniment of dumbness) -- X altogether, cease, conceal, be deaf, devise, ear, graven, imagine, leave off speaking, hold peace, plow(-er, man), be quiet, rest, practise secretly, keep silence, be silent, speak not a word, be still, hold tongue, worker. Forms and Transliterations אַחֲרִ֑ישׁ אַחֲרִ֖ישׁ אַחֲרִ֣ישׁ אַחֲרִ֥ישׁ אחריש הֶ֭חֱרַשְׁתִּי הֶחֱרִ֥שׁ הֶחֱרַ֔שְׁתִּי הַ֝חֲרֵ֗שׁ הַחֲרִ֙ישִׁי֙ הַחֲרִ֣ישׁוּ הַחֲרִ֤ישׁוּ הַחֲרֵ֜שׁ הַחֲרֵ֣שׁ הַחֲרֵשׁ֩ הַחֹרֵ֖שׁ החרישו החרישי החרש החרשתי וְֽהֶחֱרַ֗שְׁתִּי וְהֶחֱרִ֣ישׁ וְהֶחֱרִ֣ישׁוּ וְהֶחֱרִ֣שׁ וְהֶחֱרִ֥ישׁ וְהֶחֱרִ֥שׁ וְלַחֲרֹ֤שׁ וַֽיַּחֲרִ֔ישׁוּ וַיִּתְחָרְשׁ֤וּ וַיַּחֲרִ֣שׁוּ והחריש והחרישו והחרש והחרשתי ויחרישו ויחרשו ויתחרשו ולחרש חֲרַשְׁתֶּ֣ם חֲרַשְׁתֶּם־ חֲרוּשָׁה֙ חָרְשׁ֣וּ חָרַ֣שׁ חֹ֣רְשֵׁי חֹ֭רֵשׁ חֹֽרְשׁ֔וֹת חֹרְשִׁ֑ים חֹרֵ֔שׁ חֹרֵ֣שׁ חוֹרֵשׁ֙ חורש חרושה חרש חרשו חרשות חרשי חרשים חרשתם חרשתם־ יֶ֫חֱרַ֥שׁ יַחֲר֖וֹשׁ יַחֲר֣וֹשׁ יַחֲרִ֑ישׁו יַחֲרִ֨ישׁ יַחֲרִֽישׁ׃ יַחֲרִישׁ֙ יַחֲרֹ֑שׁ יַחֲרֹ֥שׁ יחרוש יחריש יחריש׃ יחרישו יחרש כְּמַחֲרִֽישׁ׃ כמחריש׃ מַ֭חֲרִישׁ מַחֲרִ֕ישׁ מַחֲרִ֣ישׁ מַחֲרִשִׁ֖ים מחריש מחרשים רָעָ֑ה רעה תֵֽחָרֵ֑שׁ תֵֽחָרֵשׁ֙ תֶּ֫חֱרַ֥שׁ תֶּֽחֱשֶׁ֥ה תֶּחֱרַ֑שׁ תֶּחֱרַ֖שׁ תֶּחֱרַ֪שׁ תֶּחֱרַֽשְׁנָה׃ תֶּחֱרַֽשׁ׃ תַּחֲרִ֕ישׁ תַּחֲרִישִׁי֮ תַּחֲרִישֽׁוּן׃ תַּחֲרִישׁ֑וּן תַּחֲרֵ֣שׁ תַחֲרֹ֥שׁ תחריש תחרישון תחרישון׃ תחרישי תחרש תחרש׃ תחרשנה׃ תחשה ’a·ḥă·rîš ’aḥărîš achaRish chaRash charashTem chareShu charuShah choResh Choreshei choreShim choreShot ha·ḥă·rêš ha·ḥă·rî·šî ha·ḥă·rî·šū ha·ḥō·rêš ḥā·raš ḥă·raš·tem ḥă·raš·tem- ḥā·rə·šū ḥă·rū·šāh hachaResh hachaRishi hachaRishu hachoResh haḥărêš haḥărîšî haḥărîšū haḥōrêš ḥāraš ḥăraštem ḥăraštem- ḥārəšū ḥărūšāh he·ḥĕ·raš·tî he·ḥĕ·riš hecheRashti hecheRish heḥĕraštî heḥĕriš ḥō·rə·šê ḥō·rə·šîm ḥō·rə·šō·wṯ ḥō·rêš ḥō·w·rêš ḥōrêš ḥōrəšê ḥōrəšîm ḥōrəšōwṯ ḥōwrêš kə·ma·ḥă·rîš kemachaRish kəmaḥărîš ma·ḥă·ri·šîm ma·ḥă·rîš machaRish machariShim maḥărîš maḥărišîm rā‘āh rā·‘āh raAh ta·ḥă·rêš ta·ḥă·rî·šî ta·ḥă·rî·šūn ta·ḥă·rîš ṯa·ḥă·rōš tachaResh tachaRish tachariShi tachariShun tachaRosh taḥărêš taḥărîš taḥărîšî taḥărîšūn ṯaḥărōš ṯê·ḥā·rêš te·ḥĕ·raš te·ḥĕ·raš·nāh te·ḥĕ·šeh techaResh techeRash techeRashnah techeSheh ṯêḥārêš teḥĕraš teḥĕrašnāh teḥĕšeh vaiyachaRishu vaiyitchareShu vehecheRashti vehecheRish vehecheRishu velachaRosh way·ya·ḥă·ri·šū way·ya·ḥă·rî·šū way·yiṯ·ḥā·rə·šū wayyaḥărišū wayyaḥărîšū wayyiṯḥārəšū wə·he·ḥĕ·raš·tî wə·he·ḥĕ·rî·šū wə·he·ḥĕ·riš wə·he·ḥĕ·rîš wə·la·ḥă·rōš wəheḥĕraštî wəheḥĕriš wəheḥĕrîš wəheḥĕrîšū wəlaḥărōš ya·ḥă·rî·šw ya·ḥă·rîš ya·ḥă·rō·wōš ya·ḥă·rōš yachaRish yachaRishv yachaRoosh yachaRosh yaḥărîš yaḥărîšw yaḥărōš yaḥărōwōš ye·ḥĕ·raš yecheRash yeḥĕrašLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Genesis 24:21 HEB: מִשְׁתָּאֵ֖ה לָ֑הּ מַחֲרִ֕ישׁ לָדַ֗עַת הַֽהִצְלִ֧יחַ NAS: was gazing at her in silence, to know KJV: wondering at her held his peace, to wit INT: the man was gazing silence to know had made Genesis 34:5 Exodus 14:14 Numbers 30:4 Numbers 30:7 Numbers 30:11 Numbers 30:14 Numbers 30:14 Numbers 30:14 Deuteronomy 22:10 Judges 14:18 Judges 16:2 Judges 18:19 1 Samuel 7:8 1 Samuel 8:12 1 Samuel 10:27 1 Samuel 23:9 2 Samuel 13:20 2 Samuel 19:10 1 Kings 19:19 2 Kings 18:36 Nehemiah 5:8 Esther 4:14 Esther 4:14 Esther 7:4 74 Occurrences |
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be dumb, deaf; Arabic 
be dumb, speechless, compare Assyrian —arâšu, restrain, according to DlPr 100; see LagBN 120) — 
