Exodus 28:12
New International Version
and fasten them on the shoulder pieces of the ephod as memorial stones for the sons of Israel. Aaron is to bear the names on his shoulders as a memorial before the LORD.

New Living Translation
Fasten the two stones on the shoulder-pieces of the ephod as a reminder that Aaron represents the people of Israel. Aaron will carry these names on his shoulders as a constant reminder whenever he goes before the LORD.

English Standard Version
And you shall set the two stones on the shoulder pieces of the ephod, as stones of remembrance for the sons of Israel. And Aaron shall bear their names before the LORD on his two shoulders for remembrance.

Berean Standard Bible
Fasten both stones on the shoulder pieces of the ephod as memorial stones for the sons of Israel. Aaron is to bear their names on his two shoulders as a memorial before the LORD.

King James Bible
And thou shalt put the two stones upon the shoulders of the ephod for stones of memorial unto the children of Israel: and Aaron shall bear their names before the LORD upon his two shoulders for a memorial.

New King James Version
And you shall put the two stones on the shoulders of the ephod as memorial stones for the sons of Israel. So Aaron shall bear their names before the LORD on his two shoulders as a memorial.

New American Standard Bible
And you shall put the two stones on the shoulder pieces of the ephod, as stones of memorial for the sons of Israel, and Aaron shall carry their names before the LORD on his two shoulders as a memorial.

NASB 1995
“You shall put the two stones on the shoulder pieces of the ephod, as stones of memorial for the sons of Israel, and Aaron shall bear their names before the LORD on his two shoulders for a memorial.

NASB 1977
“And you shall put the two stones on the shoulder pieces of the ephod, as stones of memorial for the sons of Israel, and Aaron shall bear their names before the LORD on his two shoulders for a memorial.

Legacy Standard Bible
You shall put the two stones on the shoulder pieces of the ephod, as stones of remembrance for the sons of Israel, and Aaron shall bear their names before Yahweh on his two shoulders for remembrance.

Amplified Bible
You shall put the two stones on the [two] shoulder pieces of the ephod [of the high priest], as memorial stones for Israel; and Aaron shall bear their names on his two shoulders as a memorial before the LORD.

Christian Standard Bible
Fasten both stones on the shoulder pieces of the ephod as memorial stones for the Israelites. Aaron will carry their names on his two shoulders before the LORD as a reminder.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
Fasten both stones on the shoulder pieces of the ephod as memorial stones for the Israelites. Aaron will carry their names on his two shoulders before the LORD as a reminder.

American Standard Version
And thou shalt put the two stones upon the shoulder-pieces of the ephod, to be stones of memorial for the children of Israel: and Aaron shall bear their names before Jehovah upon his two shoulders for a memorial.

English Revised Version
And thou shalt put the two stones upon the shoulderpieces of the ephod, to be stones of memorial for the children of Israel: and Aaron shall bear their names before the LORD upon his two shoulders for a memorial.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
and fasten them on the shoulder straps of the ephod as reminders of who the Israelites are. In this way Aaron will carry their names on his shoulders as a reminder in the LORD's presence.

Good News Translation
Put them on the shoulder straps of the ephod to represent the twelve tribes of Israel. In this way Aaron will carry their names on his shoulders, so that I, the LORD, will always remember my people.

International Standard Version
You are to put the two stones on the shoulder pieces of the ephod as stones of remembrance representing the sons of Israel, and Aaron is to carry their names into the LORD's presence on his two shoulders as a memorial.

Majority Standard Bible
Fasten both stones on the shoulder pieces of the ephod as memorial stones for the sons of Israel. Aaron is to bear their names on his two shoulders as a memorial before the LORD.

NET Bible
You are to put the two stones on the shoulders of the ephod, stones of memorial for the sons of Israel, and Aaron will bear their names before the LORD on his two shoulders for a memorial.

New Heart English Bible
You shall put the two stones on the shoulder straps of the ephod, to be stones of memorial for the sons of Israel: and Aaron shall bear their names before the LORD on his two shoulders for a memorial.

Webster's Bible Translation
And thou shalt put the two stones upon the shoulders of the ephod for stones of memorial to the children of Israel: and Aaron shall bear their names before the LORD upon his two shoulders for a memorial.

World English Bible
You shall put the two stones on the shoulder straps of the ephod, to be stones of memorial for the children of Israel. Aaron shall bear their names before Yahweh on his two shoulders for a memorial.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
And you have set the two stones on the shoulders of the ephod—stones of memorial to the sons of Israel—and Aaron has borne their names before YHWH, on his two shoulders, for a memorial.

Young's Literal Translation
'And thou hast set the two stones on the shoulders of the ephod -- stones of memorial to the sons of Israel -- and Aaron hath borne their names before Jehovah, on his two shoulders, for a memorial.

Smith's Literal Translation
And put the two stones upon the shoulders of the ephod, stones of remembrance for the sons of Israel: and for Aaron to lift up their names before Jehovah upon his two shoulders for a remembrance.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
And thou shalt put them in both sides of the ephod, a memorial for the children of Israel. And Aaron shall bear their names before the Lord upon both shoulders, for a remembrance.

Catholic Public Domain Version
And you shall place them on both sides of the ephod, as a memorial to the sons of Israel. And Aaron shall carry their names before the Lord, upon both shoulders, as a remembrance.

New American Bible
Set these two stones on the shoulder straps of the ephod as memorial stones of the sons of Israel. Thus Aaron shall bear their names on his shoulders as a reminder before the LORD.

New Revised Standard Version
You shall set the two stones on the shoulder-pieces of the ephod, as stones of remembrance for the sons of Israel; and Aaron shall bear their names before the LORD on his two shoulders for remembrance.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
And you shall put the two stones upon the shoulders of the ephod for stones of memorial to the children of Israel; and Aaron shall bear their names before the LORD upon his two shoulders for a memorial.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And set two stones on the shoulder of the ephod, stones of memorial to the children of Israel, and Ahron will be bearing their names before LORD JEHOVAH on his two shoulders for a memorial.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
And thou shalt put the two stones upon the shoulder-pieces of the ephod, to be stones of memorial for the children of Israel; and Aaron shall bear their names before the LORD upon his two shoulders for a memorial.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And thou shalt put the two stones on the shoulders of the shoulder-piece: they are memorial-stones for the children of Israel: and Aaron shall bear the names of the children of Israel before the Lord on his two shoulders, a memorial for them.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
The Ephod
11Engrave the names of the sons of Israel on the two stones the way a gem cutter engraves a seal. Then mount the stones in gold filigree settings. 12Fasten both stones on the shoulder pieces of the ephod as memorial stones for the sons of Israel. Aaron is to bear their names on his two shoulders as a memorial before the LORD. 13Fashion gold filigree settings…

Cross References
Exodus 39:6-7
They mounted the onyx stones in gold filigree settings, engraved like a seal with the names of the sons of Israel. / Then they fastened them on the shoulder pieces of the ephod as memorial stones for the sons of Israel, as the LORD had commanded Moses.

Leviticus 8:8
Then he put the breastpiece on him and placed the Urim and Thummim in the breastpiece.

Numbers 27:21
He shall stand before Eleazar the priest, who will seek counsel for him before the LORD by the judgment of the Urim. At his command, he and all the Israelites with him—the entire congregation—will go out and come in.”

1 Samuel 23:9-12
When David learned that Saul was plotting evil against him, he said to Abiathar the priest, “Bring the ephod.” / And David said, “O LORD, God of Israel, Your servant has heard that Saul intends to come to Keilah and destroy the city on my account. / Will the citizens of Keilah surrender me into his hand? Will Saul come down, as Your servant has heard? O LORD, God of Israel, please tell Your servant.” “He will,” said the LORD. ...

1 Kings 7:21
Thus he set up the pillars at the portico of the temple. The pillar to the south he named Jachin, and the pillar to the north he named Boaz.

1 Chronicles 24:5
Thus they were divided by lot, for there were officers of the sanctuary and officers of God among both Eleazar’s and Ithamar’s descendants.

2 Chronicles 26:18
They took their stand against King Uzziah and said, “Uzziah, you have no right to offer incense to the LORD. Only the priests, the descendants of Aaron, are consecrated to burn incense. Leave the sanctuary, for you have acted unfaithfully; you will not receive honor from the LORD God.”

Nehemiah 7:65
The governor ordered them not to eat the most holy things until there was a priest to consult the Urim and Thummim.

Isaiah 22:21
I will clothe him with your robe and tie your sash around him. I will put your authority in his hand, and he will be a father to the dwellers of Jerusalem and to the house of Judah.

Ezekiel 28:13
You were in Eden, the garden of God. Every kind of precious stone adorned you: ruby, topaz, and diamond, beryl, onyx, and jasper, sapphire, turquoise, and emerald. Your mountings and settings were crafted in gold, prepared on the day of your creation.

Zechariah 3:9
See the stone I have set before Joshua; on that one stone are seven eyes. Behold, I will engrave on it an inscription, declares the LORD of Hosts, and I will remove the iniquity of this land in a single day.

Hebrews 7:25
Therefore He is able to save completely those who draw near to God through Him, since He always lives to intercede for them.

Hebrews 9:24
For Christ did not enter a man-made copy of the true sanctuary, but He entered heaven itself, now to appear on our behalf in the presence of God.

Hebrews 10:19-22
Therefore, brothers, since we have confidence to enter the Most Holy Place by the blood of Jesus, / by the new and living way opened for us through the curtain of His body, / and since we have a great priest over the house of God, ...

1 Peter 2:5
you also, like living stones, are being built into a spiritual house to be a holy priesthood, offering spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God through Jesus Christ.


Treasury of Scripture

And you shall put the two stones on the shoulders of the ephod for stones of memorial to the children of Israel: and Aaron shall bear their names before the LORD on his two shoulders for a memorial.

the shoulders

Exodus 28:7
It shall have the two shoulderpieces thereof joined at the two edges thereof; and so it shall be joined together.

Psalm 89:19
Then thou spakest in vision to thy holy one, and saidst, I have laid help upon one that is mighty; I have exalted one chosen out of the people.

Isaiah 9:6
For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given: and the government shall be upon his shoulder: and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counseller, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace.

Aaron shall bear

Exodus 28:29
And Aaron shall bear the names of the children of Israel in the breastplate of judgment upon his heart, when he goeth in unto the holy place, for a memorial before the LORD continually.

Exodus 39:6,7
And they wrought onyx stones inclosed in ouches of gold, graven, as signets are graven, with the names of the children of Israel…

for a memorial

Exodus 12:14
And this day shall be unto you for a memorial; and ye shall keep it a feast to the LORD throughout your generations; ye shall keep it a feast by an ordinance for ever.

Exodus 13:9
And it shall be for a sign unto thee upon thine hand, and for a memorial between thine eyes, that the LORD'S law may be in thy mouth: for with a strong hand hath the LORD brought thee out of Egypt.

Exodus 39:7
And he put them on the shoulders of the ephod, that they should be stones for a memorial to the children of Israel; as the LORD commanded Moses.

Jump to Previous
Aaron Arm-Holes Arms Bear Children Ephod Fasten Israel Memorial Memory Mind Names Pieces Placed Remembrance Shoulder Shoulder-Pieces Shoulders Stones Straps
Jump to Next
Aaron Arm-Holes Arms Bear Children Ephod Fasten Israel Memorial Memory Mind Names Pieces Placed Remembrance Shoulder Shoulder-Pieces Shoulders Stones Straps
Exodus 28
1. Aaron and his sons are set apart for the priest's office
2. Holy garments are appointed
6. The ephod and girdle
15. The breast-plate with twelve precious stones
30. The Urim and Thummim
31. The robe of the ephod, with pomegranates and bells
36. The plate of the mitre
39. The embroidered coat
40. The garments for Aaron's sons














Fasten both stones
The Hebrew word for "fasten" is "שׂוּם" (sum), which means to set, place, or put. This action signifies a deliberate and secure placement, indicating the importance of the stones. In the context of the priestly garments, this fastening is not merely functional but symbolic, representing the permanence and stability of God's covenant with Israel. The stones are to be securely attached, reflecting the unbreakable bond between God and His people.

onto the shoulder pieces of the ephod
The ephod is a sacred vestment worn by the high priest, described in detail in Exodus. The shoulder pieces are integral parts of this garment, symbolizing strength and responsibility. In ancient Near Eastern cultures, the shoulder often represented the burden-bearing aspect of leadership. By placing the stones on the shoulders, it signifies that the high priest carries the weight of the tribes of Israel before God, interceding on their behalf.

as memorial stones
The Hebrew term for "memorial" is "זִכָּרוֹן" (zikaron), which means remembrance or reminder. These stones serve as a perpetual reminder of the twelve tribes of Israel. In a broader theological sense, they symbolize God's faithfulness and the enduring nature of His promises. The memorial aspect underscores the importance of remembering God's past acts of deliverance and His ongoing relationship with His people.

for the sons of Israel
This phrase refers to the twelve tribes descended from the sons of Jacob, also known as Israel. Each stone represents one of the tribes, highlighting the collective identity and unity of the nation. The high priest, by wearing these stones, acts as a representative of all Israel, emphasizing the communal aspect of worship and covenant relationship with God.

Aaron is to bear their names
The act of bearing the names signifies representation and advocacy. Aaron, as the high priest, carries the names of the tribes before God, symbolizing his role as an intercessor. This foreshadows the ultimate High Priest, Jesus Christ, who bears the names of believers before the Father, advocating on their behalf.

on his two shoulders
The shoulders are traditionally seen as a place of strength and support. By bearing the names on his shoulders, Aaron demonstrates the priestly duty of carrying the spiritual welfare of the people. This imagery conveys the idea of support and sustenance, reminding believers of the strength found in God's appointed leaders and ultimately in Christ.

as a memorial before the LORD
The phrase "before the LORD" indicates the presence of God, emphasizing that this act of remembrance is not just for the people but is also a divine ordinance. The memorial is set before God, signifying His constant awareness and acknowledgment of His covenant with Israel. It serves as a reminder of the relationship between God and His people, calling them to faithfulness and obedience.

(12) For stones of memorial unto the children of Israel.--Rather, for the children of Israel. The intention was that the stones should be "stones of memorial" to God, on behalf of Israel; should remind God that the high priest represented all the tribes, and pleaded before Him on their behalf, and in their name. The tribes were represented doubly in the costume of the high priest, by the onyx stones and by the stones of the breastplate.

Verse 12. - Stones of memorial unto the children of Israel. Rather "for the children of Israel" - stones, i.e. which should serve to remind God that the high priest represented the twelve tribes, officiated in their name, and pleaded on their behalf.

CHAPTER 28:13-30

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
Fasten
וְשַׂמְתָּ֞ (wə·śam·tā)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singular
Strong's 7760: Put -- to put, place, set

both
שְׁתֵּ֣י (šə·tê)
Number - fdc
Strong's 8147: Two (a cardinal number)

stones
הָאֲבָנִ֗ים (hā·’ă·ḇā·nîm)
Article | Noun - feminine plural
Strong's 68: A stone

onto
עַ֚ל (‘al)
Preposition
Strong's 5921: Above, over, upon, against

the shoulder pieces
כִּתְפֹ֣ת (kiṯ·p̄ōṯ)
Noun - feminine plural construct
Strong's 3802: The shoulder, side-piece, lateral projection of anything

of the ephod
הָֽאֵפֹ֔ד (hā·’ê·p̄ōḏ)
Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 646: A girdle, the ephod, highpriest's shoulder-piece, an image

as memorial
זִכָּרֹ֖ן (zik·kā·rōn)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 2146: Memorial, remembrance

stones
אַבְנֵ֥י (’aḇ·nê)
Noun - feminine plural construct
Strong's 68: A stone

for the sons
לִבְנֵ֣י (liḇ·nê)
Preposition-l | Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 1121: A son

of Israel.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל (yiś·rā·’êl)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3478: Israel -- 'God strives', another name of Jacob and his desc

Aaron
אַהֲרֹ֨ן (’a·hă·rōn)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 175: Aaron -- an elder brother of Moses

is to bear
וְנָשָׂא֩ (wə·nā·śā)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 5375: To lift, carry, take

their names
שְׁמוֹתָ֜ם (šə·mō·w·ṯām)
Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine plural
Strong's 8034: A name

on
עַל־ (‘al-)
Preposition
Strong's 5921: Above, over, upon, against

his two
שְׁתֵּ֥י (šə·tê)
Number - fdc
Strong's 8147: Two (a cardinal number)

shoulders
כְתֵפָ֖יו (ḵə·ṯê·p̄āw)
Noun - feminine plural construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 3802: The shoulder, side-piece, lateral projection of anything

as a memorial
לְזִכָּרֹֽן׃ (lə·zik·kā·rōn)
Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 2146: Memorial, remembrance

before
לִפְנֵ֧י (lip̄·nê)
Preposition-l | Noun - common plural construct
Strong's 6440: The face

the LORD.
יְהוָ֛ה (Yah·weh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3068: LORD -- the proper name of the God of Israel


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OT Law: Exodus 28:12 You shall put the two stones (Exo. Ex)
Exodus 28:11
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