After this
This phrase indicates a sequence of events, suggesting that what John is about to describe follows the visions of the previous chapter. The Greek term "Μετὰ ταῦτα" (Meta tauta) is often used in Revelation to denote a new vision or a shift in focus. It emphasizes the unfolding of God's divine plan in a structured and purposeful manner, reminding believers of the sovereignty and orderliness of God's revelation.

I saw
The phrase underscores the visionary nature of the Book of Revelation. The Greek word "εἶδον" (eidon) implies not just physical sight but spiritual insight. John, the apostle, is granted a glimpse into the heavenly realm, reinforcing the authenticity and divine origin of his message. This vision is meant to inspire awe and reverence, as it reveals the mysteries of God's ultimate plan for humanity.

four angels
Angels are messengers and servants of God, often depicted as executing His will. The number four is symbolic of universality in biblical literature, representing the entirety of the earth. These angels are positioned at strategic points, indicating their role in controlling the forces of nature. Their presence reassures believers of God's control over creation and His ability to restrain chaos.

standing at the four corners of the earth
This phrase reflects the ancient understanding of the earth's geography, symbolizing the totality of the world. The "four corners" suggest completeness and universality, encompassing all directions. It highlights God's omnipresence and His dominion over the entire earth, providing comfort to believers that no part of creation is beyond His reach.

holding back the four winds of the earth
The "four winds" symbolize destructive forces or judgments that God can unleash upon the earth. The Greek word "κρατοῦντας" (kratountas) implies a firm grip, indicating the angels' authority and power to restrain these forces. This act of holding back signifies God's mercy and patience, delaying judgment to allow for repentance and salvation.

to prevent any wind from blowing
The prevention of wind suggests a temporary cessation of judgment. Wind, often associated with God's breath or spirit, can also symbolize turmoil and change. By restraining the wind, God provides a period of calm and grace, offering humanity an opportunity to turn to Him. This pause in divine action underscores God's desire for all to come to repentance.

on the land or on the sea or on any tree
These elements represent the entirety of creation, emphasizing the comprehensive nature of God's control. The land, sea, and trees are vital components of the earth's ecosystem, symbolizing life and sustenance. By protecting these elements, God demonstrates His care for creation and His intention to preserve life, even amidst impending judgment. This assurance of divine protection encourages believers to trust in God's provision and sovereignty.

And I saw another angel
The phrase "And I saw" indicates a continuation of John's visionary experience, emphasizing the vivid and direct nature of the revelation. The word "angel" (Greek: ἄγγελος, angelos) means "messenger." In the biblical context, angels are often seen as divine messengers or agents of God's will. The mention of "another angel" suggests a distinct role or mission, separate from the four angels previously mentioned. This highlights the organized and purposeful nature of God's heavenly host.

ascending from the east
The direction "east" (Greek: ἀνατολή, anatolē) is significant in biblical symbolism. The east is often associated with the rising sun, new beginnings, and divine intervention. In the Old Testament, the east is the direction from which God's glory often appears (e.g., Ezekiel 43:2). The angel's ascent from the east may symbolize hope, renewal, and the dawn of God's protective action.

having the seal of the living God
The "seal" (Greek: σφραγίς, sphragis) represents authority, ownership, and protection. In ancient times, a seal was used to authenticate documents and secure possessions. The "living God" emphasizes the active, dynamic nature of God, contrasting with lifeless idols. This seal signifies God's sovereign authority and His protective mark upon His people, ensuring their preservation amidst impending judgment.

And he called out in a loud voice
The "loud voice" (Greek: φωνῇ μεγάλῃ, phōnē megalē) underscores the urgency and authority of the angel's message. In biblical literature, a loud voice often accompanies divine proclamations or commands, ensuring that the message is heard and heeded. This reflects the seriousness of the angel's mission and the importance of the message being delivered.

to the four angels who had been given power to harm the land and the sea
The "four angels" are symbolic of universal reach, as the number four often represents completeness in relation to the earth (e.g., four corners, four winds). These angels are "given power" (Greek: ἐδόθη αὐτοῖς, edothē autois), indicating that their authority is derived from God. The "land and the sea" encompass the entirety of creation, signifying the scope of potential judgment. However, the presence of the sealing angel suggests a divine restraint and protection for God's people amidst this judgment.

Do not harm
This phrase is a divine command, emphasizing restraint and protection. The Greek word for "harm" is "adikeō," which means to do wrong or injure. In the context of Revelation, it underscores God's sovereignty and control over the unfolding events. The command to withhold harm reflects God's mercy and patience, allowing time for His purposes to be fulfilled. It is a reminder of His ultimate authority over creation and His desire to protect His people.

the land or sea or trees
These elements of creation—land, sea, and trees—represent the entirety of the natural world. In biblical symbolism, they often signify stability, life, and sustenance. The land is the foundation of human existence, the sea represents the nations and peoples, and trees symbolize life and growth. The command to protect these elements highlights God's care for His creation and His intention to preserve it until His divine plan is completed.

until we have sealed
The act of sealing is significant in biblical terms, often indicating ownership, protection, and authenticity. The Greek word "sphragizō" means to set a seal upon, mark with a seal, or to seal for security. In the context of Revelation, sealing denotes God's claim over His people, marking them as His own and ensuring their safety amidst impending judgments. It is a powerful assurance of divine protection and a promise of salvation for those who belong to Him.

the foreheads
The forehead is a prominent and visible part of the body, symbolizing identity and allegiance. In ancient times, a mark on the forehead was a sign of ownership or dedication. The sealing of the foreheads of God's servants signifies their public identification with Him and their commitment to His service. It is a visible declaration of their faith and loyalty, setting them apart from those who do not belong to God.

of the servants of our God
This phrase identifies those who are to be sealed as "servants," a term that denotes devotion, obedience, and service to God. The Greek word "doulos" means a bond-servant or slave, indicating a relationship of complete submission and dedication. These servants are not just believers but those who actively serve and follow God's will. The phrase "our God" emphasizes the personal relationship between God and His people, highlighting their belonging to Him and His care for them.

And I heard
The phrase "And I heard" indicates the Apostle John's role as a witness to the divine revelation. In the Greek, the word for "heard" is "ἤκουσα" (ēkousa), which implies not just hearing but understanding and perceiving. This emphasizes the importance of the message being conveyed. John is not merely a passive observer; he is actively receiving and comprehending the vision, which underscores the authority and authenticity of the revelation.

the number of those who were sealed
The "number" here is significant, as it represents a specific and divinely ordained group. The concept of being "sealed" (Greek: "ἐσφραγισμένων," esphragismenōn) is crucial in biblical context, symbolizing protection, ownership, and authenticity. In ancient times, a seal was used to denote authority and security. Spiritually, this sealing signifies God's protection over His people, marking them as His own amidst the tribulations described in Revelation.

144,000
The number "144,000" is symbolic and has been the subject of much theological discussion. It is derived from multiplying 12 (representing the tribes of Israel) by 12 (symbolizing completeness) and then by 1,000 (indicating a large, complete number). This number signifies the fullness and perfection of God's people. It is not necessarily a literal count but rather a representation of the complete and perfect gathering of God's chosen ones.

from all the tribes of Israel
The phrase "from all the tribes of Israel" connects the vision to the Old Testament heritage of the people of God. Historically, the twelve tribes of Israel were the descendants of the twelve sons of Jacob, each tribe having its unique identity and role within the nation of Israel. In the context of Revelation, this phrase emphasizes the continuity of God's covenant promises. It suggests that God's plan includes the faithful from every tribe, highlighting the inclusivity and unity of God's people. This also reflects the fulfillment of God's promises to Israel, now extended to all who are spiritually part of Israel through faith in Christ.

From the tribe of Judah
The tribe of Judah holds significant prominence in biblical history. The name "Judah" comes from the Hebrew "Yehudah," meaning "praise." Judah was the fourth son of Jacob and Leah, and his tribe became the leading tribe of Israel. Historically, Judah is the tribe from which King David and, ultimately, Jesus Christ descended, fulfilling the prophecy of the Messiah coming from the line of David. This mention in Revelation underscores the fulfillment of God's promises and the centrality of Judah in His redemptive plan.

12,000 were sealed
The number 12,000 is symbolic, representing completeness and perfection in biblical numerology. The sealing signifies divine protection and ownership, marking these individuals as belonging to God. In the context of Revelation, being sealed indicates being set apart for God's purposes, protected from divine wrath, and assured of salvation. This sealing echoes the Old Testament practice of marking or setting apart individuals for God's service, as seen in Ezekiel 9:4.

from the tribe of Reuben
Reuben was the firstborn son of Jacob and Leah. His name, derived from the Hebrew "Re'uven," means "behold, a son." Despite his birthright, Reuben lost his preeminence due to his transgressions (Genesis 49:3-4). However, his inclusion here signifies God's grace and the restoration of all tribes in the eschatological vision. It highlights the theme of redemption and the inclusion of all God's people in His ultimate plan.

from the tribe of Gad
Gad was the seventh son of Jacob, born to Zilpah, Leah's maidservant. The name "Gad" means "good fortune" or "troop" in Hebrew. Historically, the tribe of Gad settled east of the Jordan River and was known for its warriors. Their mention in Revelation emphasizes the strength and resilience of God's people, who are called to stand firm in faith. It also reflects the unity and diversity of the tribes, each contributing uniquely to the fulfillment of God's promises.

from the tribe of Asher
The name "Asher" means "happy" or "blessed" in Hebrew. Asher was the eighth son of Jacob, born to Zilpah, Leah's maidservant. The tribe of Asher was known for its abundance and prosperity, as reflected in Jacob's blessing in Genesis 49:20, which speaks of Asher's food being rich and providing royal delicacies. This reference in Revelation signifies the inclusion of Asher's descendants among the sealed servants of God, highlighting the theme of divine blessing and favor. Historically, the tribe settled in a fertile region of Canaan, which aligns with the symbolic richness of their spiritual inheritance.

12,000
The number 12,000 is significant in biblical numerology, representing completeness and perfection, especially in a spiritual context. It is derived from the number 12, which is often associated with God's people (e.g., the 12 tribes of Israel, the 12 apostles). Multiplying by 1,000, a number symbolizing magnitude and fullness, emphasizes the vastness and completeness of God's covenant people. This number signifies that a full and complete remnant from each tribe is sealed, ensuring the preservation and protection of God's people through tribulation.

from the tribe of Naphtali
Naphtali, the sixth son of Jacob, was born to Bilhah, Rachel's maidservant. The name "Naphtali" means "my struggle" or "wrestling," reflecting Rachel's struggle with her sister Leah. The tribe of Naphtali was known for its swiftness and agility, as depicted in Jacob's blessing in Genesis 49:21, which describes Naphtali as a "doe set free." This imagery conveys a sense of freedom and grace. In the context of Revelation, the inclusion of Naphtali's descendants among the sealed signifies the overcoming of struggles and the attainment of spiritual freedom and grace through God's protection.

12,000
Again, the repetition of the number 12,000 underscores the theme of completeness and divine order. It reassures the reader of the comprehensive nature of God's plan for His people, ensuring that none are lost or overlooked. This number serves as a reminder of God's faithfulness to His promises and His ability to preserve His people through trials.

from the tribe of Manasseh
Manasseh was the firstborn son of Joseph, born in Egypt. His name means "causing to forget," as Joseph named him to signify God making him forget all his troubles and his father's household (Genesis 41:51). The tribe of Manasseh was unique in that it was one of the two half-tribes, along with Ephraim, that descended from Joseph. Manasseh's inclusion in Revelation highlights the theme of redemption and restoration, as God causes His people to forget their past troubles and focuses on their future inheritance. Historically, the tribe was known for its valor and strength, qualities that are spiritually significant in the context of enduring faith and perseverance.

12,000
The consistent use of 12,000 for each tribe reinforces the message of unity and equality among God's people. It emphasizes that each tribe, regardless of its historical or spiritual significance, is equally valued and protected by God. This number serves as a powerful symbol of hope and assurance for believers, affirming that God's promises are sure and His protection is complete.

from the tribe of Simeon
The mention of "Simeon" here is significant in the context of the twelve tribes of Israel. Simeon, the second son of Jacob and Leah, is often associated with zeal and fervor. Historically, the tribe of Simeon was scattered within the territory of Judah, as seen in Joshua 19:1-9. This scattering can be seen as a fulfillment of Jacob's prophecy in Genesis 49:5-7, where Simeon and Levi are described as instruments of violence. In Revelation, the inclusion of Simeon among the sealed 144,000 signifies redemption and restoration, highlighting God's grace and the fulfillment of His promises to all tribes, regardless of past transgressions.

12,000
The number "12,000" is symbolic and represents completeness and perfection in biblical numerology. It is derived from the number 12, which signifies God's power and authority, multiplied by 1,000, indicating a large, complete group. The use of this number for each tribe emphasizes the totality and inclusiveness of God's plan for His people. It reassures believers of the comprehensive nature of God's salvation, encompassing all who are faithful, regardless of their tribal or historical background.

from the tribe of Levi
"Levi" is the third son of Jacob and Leah, and the tribe of Levi was set apart for priestly duties. Historically, the Levites were not given a specific territory like the other tribes but were distributed among the tribes of Israel to perform religious functions. Their inclusion in Revelation 7 is noteworthy because it underscores the priestly role of all believers in the New Covenant, as described in 1 Peter 2:9. This reflects the idea that all who are sealed are called to a holy and priestly service, dedicated to worship and intercession.

from the tribe of Issachar
"Issachar" was the ninth son of Jacob and Leah, and his tribe was known for its understanding of the times and seasons, as noted in 1 Chronicles 12:32. The tribe of Issachar was strategically located in a fertile region, which contributed to its prosperity and influence. In the context of Revelation, the inclusion of Issachar among the sealed signifies the importance of discernment and wisdom in the life of believers. It serves as a reminder that God's people are called to be aware of the spiritual and temporal realities around them, using their understanding to advance God's kingdom.

from the tribe of Zebulun
The mention of "Zebulun" refers to one of the twelve tribes of Israel, descended from Jacob's tenth son, Zebulun. In Hebrew, Zebulun means "dwelling" or "habitation," which reflects the tribe's historical settlement in the fertile region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Sea of Galilee. This area was known for its trade and commerce, fulfilling Jacob's blessing in Genesis 49:13, where Zebulun is said to "dwell by the seashore." The inclusion of Zebulun in this list signifies the fulfillment of God's promises and the integral role each tribe plays in the divine plan, emphasizing the unity and completeness of God's people.

12,000
The number "12,000" is symbolic, representing completeness and perfection in biblical numerology. It is derived from the number 12, which signifies divine government or authority, multiplied by 1,000, indicating vastness or immensity. This number suggests the fullness of God's people, chosen and sealed for His purposes. It underscores the idea that God's covenant with Israel is not forgotten, and His promises are fulfilled in a complete and perfect manner.

from the tribe of Joseph
"Joseph" is unique in this list as he is typically represented by his two sons, Ephraim and Manasseh, who each became a tribe. Here, Joseph is mentioned directly, possibly symbolizing the unity and restoration of the tribes. Joseph's name in Hebrew means "He will add," reflecting God's provision and blessing. Joseph's life story, marked by suffering and eventual exaltation, mirrors the redemptive work of Christ and the hope of restoration for God's people. This inclusion highlights the overarching theme of redemption and the fulfillment of God's promises to His people.

12,000
Again, the repetition of "12,000" reinforces the idea of completeness and divine order. It serves as a reminder of God's sovereign plan and the assurance that His purposes will be accomplished in their entirety. The consistency of this number across the tribes emphasizes the equal and inclusive nature of God's covenant, where each tribe, regardless of its historical significance or size, is equally valued and integral to the whole.

from the tribe of Benjamin
"Benjamin," the youngest son of Jacob, means "son of the right hand" in Hebrew, symbolizing strength and favor. The tribe of Benjamin held a significant position in Israel's history, producing notable figures such as King Saul and the Apostle Paul. Despite its small size, Benjamin's inclusion in this list highlights the theme of God's strength being made perfect in weakness. It serves as a testament to God's faithfulness in upholding His promises and the importance of each tribe in the unfolding of His divine plan.

12,000
The final repetition of "12,000" in this verse underscores the message of divine completeness and the fulfillment of God's covenant with Israel. It assures believers of the certainty and reliability of God's promises, encouraging them to trust in His sovereign plan. This number serves as a powerful reminder of the unity and wholeness of God's people, sealed and protected for His purposes, and the ultimate victory and restoration that awaits them in His eternal kingdom.

After this I looked and saw
This phrase indicates a transition in John's vision, suggesting a new scene or revelation. The Greek word for "looked" (ἐθεώρησα) implies a deep, contemplative gaze, not just a casual glance. John is being shown something of great significance, a divine revelation that requires careful attention. This phrase sets the stage for the unveiling of a profound truth about the inclusivity and vastness of God's kingdom.

a multitude too large to count
The imagery of a multitude "too large to count" emphasizes the vastness and inclusivity of those who are saved. This echoes God's promise to Abraham in Genesis 15:5, where his descendants would be as numerous as the stars. The Greek word for "multitude" (ὄχλος) suggests a great crowd, highlighting the fulfillment of God's covenant promises and the expansive reach of the Gospel.

from every nation and tribe and people and tongue
This phrase underscores the universal scope of salvation. The Greek terms used here (ἔθνος, φυλή, λαός, γλῶσσα) represent the diversity of humanity. It reflects the Great Commission in Matthew 28:19, where Jesus commands His disciples to make disciples of all nations. This vision of unity in diversity is a powerful testament to the breaking down of barriers through Christ, fulfilling the prophecy of Isaiah 2:2, where all nations will stream to the mountain of the Lord.

standing before the throne and before the Lamb
The act of standing "before the throne and before the Lamb" signifies honor, reverence, and readiness to serve. The throne represents God's sovereign rule, while the Lamb symbolizes Jesus Christ, the sacrificial Savior. This imagery is rich with Old Testament allusions, such as the Passover lamb in Exodus 12, pointing to Christ's redemptive work. The Greek word for "standing" (ἑστῶτες) conveys a sense of permanence and stability, indicating the eternal security of the redeemed in God's presence.

They were wearing white robes
White robes symbolize purity, victory, and righteousness. In the Greek, "white" (λευκός) is often associated with divine glory and holiness. These robes are a gift from God, representing the righteousness of Christ imputed to believers, as seen in Isaiah 61:10. The imagery of white robes also connects to the victorious saints in Revelation 3:5, who are promised to be clothed in white garments.

and holding palm branches in their hands
Palm branches are a symbol of victory and triumph, historically used in Jewish festivals like the Feast of Tabernacles (Leviticus 23:40) and in Roman triumphal processions. The Greek word for "palm branches" (φοίνικες) evokes the image of celebration and joy. This scene recalls Jesus' triumphal entry into Jerusalem (John 12:13), where the crowd waved palm branches, acknowledging Him as King. Here, it signifies the ultimate victory of the Lamb and His followers over sin and death, celebrating the fulfillment of God's redemptive plan.

And they cried out
This phrase indicates a loud, collective proclamation, suggesting urgency and fervor. The Greek word used here is "ekrazan," which implies a strong, emotional outburst. In the context of Revelation, this cry is not just a vocal expression but a spiritual declaration. Historically, crying out in a loud voice was a common practice in ancient times to express deep conviction or to call upon divine intervention. This collective cry signifies unity among the multitude, emphasizing the shared faith and hope of believers.

in a loud voice
The phrase "in a loud voice" underscores the intensity and clarity of the proclamation. The Greek term "phōnē megalē" is used, which translates to a great or mighty voice. This is not a whisper of faith but a bold declaration that demands attention. In the scriptural context, a loud voice often accompanies significant divine revelations or declarations, as seen in other parts of Revelation. It symbolizes the power and authority of the message being delivered.

Salvation
The word "salvation" is central to Christian theology, derived from the Greek "sōtēria," meaning deliverance or preservation. In the biblical narrative, salvation is the ultimate goal of God's redemptive plan through Jesus Christ. This term encapsulates the deliverance from sin and eternal death, offering believers hope and assurance of eternal life. The historical context of salvation in the Bible often involves God rescuing His people, as seen in the Exodus story, which serves as a precursor to the ultimate salvation through Christ.

belongs to our God
This phrase affirms the source and ownership of salvation. The Greek word "theos" for God here emphasizes the monotheistic belief in one sovereign deity. The possessive "our" indicates a personal relationship between the believers and God, highlighting the communal aspect of faith. Historically, this declaration would resonate with early Christians who faced persecution, as it reassures them of God's ultimate authority and control over their destiny.

who sits on the throne
The imagery of God sitting on the throne is a powerful symbol of divine sovereignty and kingship. The Greek word "thronos" signifies a seat of authority and judgment. In the context of Revelation, the throne represents God's ultimate rule over the universe. This imagery is consistent with Old Testament depictions of God as King, reinforcing His eternal reign and the assurance that His plans will prevail despite earthly turmoil.

and to the Lamb!
The "Lamb" refers to Jesus Christ, a central figure in Christian theology. The Greek word "arnion" is used, symbolizing innocence, sacrifice, and redemption. The Lamb imagery is rooted in the Passover lamb of the Old Testament, which prefigures Christ's sacrificial death for humanity's sins. This phrase highlights the dual focus of worship in Revelation: God the Father and Jesus the Son, both integral to the salvation narrative. The historical and scriptural context of the Lamb underscores the fulfillment of prophecy and the hope of redemption for believers.

And all the angels
This phrase introduces the vast multitude of heavenly beings who serve God. The Greek word for "angels" is "ἄγγελοι" (angeloi), meaning "messengers." In the biblical context, angels are often seen as divine messengers or servants who execute God's will. The presence of "all the angels" emphasizes the magnitude and importance of the scene, as it involves the entire heavenly host. This reflects the grandeur and majesty of God's throne room, where His glory is continually proclaimed.

were standing around the throne
The image of angels standing around the throne signifies their readiness to serve and worship. The throne represents God's sovereign rule and authority. In ancient times, standing in the presence of a king was a sign of respect and readiness to act upon the king's command. This setting underscores the centrality of God's throne in the heavenly realm and the angels' role in acknowledging His supreme authority.

and around the elders
The "elders" are often interpreted as representatives of the redeemed, possibly symbolizing the twelve tribes of Israel and the twelve apostles, thus encompassing the entirety of God's people. The Greek word "πρεσβύτεροι" (presbyteroi) suggests wisdom and authority. Their presence around the throne, alongside the angels, highlights the unity of heavenly beings and redeemed humanity in worship and service to God.

and the four living creatures
These creatures are described earlier in Revelation as having distinct and awe-inspiring appearances, each representing different aspects of creation. The Greek term "ζῷα" (zoa) is used, which can mean "living beings" or "creatures." Their continuous worship and proclamation of God's holiness emphasize the ceaseless praise that surrounds God's throne, reflecting His eternal nature and the reverence He commands from all creation.

and they fell facedown before the throne
The act of falling facedown is a profound expression of worship, humility, and submission. In biblical times, prostration was a common gesture of deep respect and acknowledgment of one's own unworthiness before a superior. This act by the angels, elders, and living creatures signifies their recognition of God's ultimate holiness and authority, as well as their complete devotion to Him.

and worshiped God
Worship is the central theme of this verse, highlighting the response of all heavenly beings to God's presence. The Greek word for "worshiped" is "προσεκύνησαν" (prosekynēsan), which conveys the idea of bowing down or paying homage. This worship is not just a ritualistic act but a heartfelt acknowledgment of God's sovereignty, majesty, and worthiness to receive all glory and honor. It serves as an inspiration for believers to live lives of worship, recognizing God's rightful place at the center of all existence.

Amen
The word "Amen" is a transliteration from the Hebrew word "אָמֵן" (amen), meaning "truly" or "so be it." It is a declaration of affirmation and agreement. In the context of Revelation 7:12, it serves as both an introduction and a conclusion to the doxology, emphasizing the certainty and truth of the praise being offered. The use of "Amen" at both the beginning and end of this verse underscores the eternal and unchanging nature of God's glory and power.

Blessing
The Greek word used here is "εὐλογία" (eulogia), which means "blessing" or "praise." It signifies the act of speaking well of someone, in this case, God. This term reflects the acknowledgment of God's benevolence and the gratitude of the heavenly hosts for His divine favor and grace. The concept of blessing God is deeply rooted in Jewish tradition, where blessings are a form of worship and recognition of God's sovereignty.

and glory
The word "glory" comes from the Greek "δόξα" (doxa), which denotes honor, splendor, and majesty. In the biblical context, it refers to the visible manifestation of God's presence and His divine nature. The glory of God is a central theme throughout Scripture, representing His holiness and the awe-inspiring nature of His being. In Revelation, the glory of God is revealed in the heavenly worship and the ultimate fulfillment of His kingdom.

and wisdom
The Greek term "σοφία" (sophia) is used here, meaning "wisdom." It refers to the divine insight and understanding that God possesses. In the biblical sense, wisdom is not just knowledge but the application of divine truth in righteous living. The acknowledgment of God's wisdom in this verse highlights His perfect plan and the depth of His understanding, which surpasses human comprehension.

and thanks
The word "thanks" is translated from the Greek "εὐχαριστία" (eucharistia), meaning "thanksgiving" or "gratitude." It is an expression of appreciation for God's goodness and mercy. Thanksgiving is a vital aspect of worship, recognizing God's provision and faithfulness. In the heavenly scene depicted in Revelation, the giving of thanks is a continuous act, reflecting the eternal gratitude of the redeemed.

and honor
The Greek word "τιμή" (timē) is used here, meaning "honor" or "value." It signifies the respect and reverence due to God. Honor in the biblical sense involves acknowledging God's authority and giving Him the rightful place in our lives. In Revelation, the honor given to God is part of the worship that acknowledges His supreme rule and the worthiness of His name.

and power
The term "δύναμις" (dynamis) in Greek means "power" or "might." It refers to God's omnipotence and His ability to accomplish His will. The power of God is a recurring theme in Scripture, demonstrating His control over creation and history. In the context of Revelation, God's power is celebrated as He brings about the fulfillment of His promises and the establishment of His kingdom.

and strength
The Greek word "ἰσχύς" (ischys) is used, meaning "strength" or "might." It emphasizes God's enduring and unyielding nature. Strength, in this context, is not just physical power but the steadfastness and resilience of God's character. The acknowledgment of God's strength in this verse is a testament to His ability to sustain and uphold all things.

be to our God
This phrase signifies the direction of all the attributes listed—blessing, glory, wisdom, thanks, honor, power, and strength—toward God. It is a declaration that all these qualities inherently belong to Him and are due to Him alone. The phrase "our God" personalizes the relationship between the worshippers and the divine, emphasizing the covenant relationship God has with His people.

forever and ever
The Greek phrase "εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων" (eis tous aiōnas tōn aiōnōn) translates to "forever and ever," indicating eternity. It underscores the perpetual nature of God's attributes and the eternal worship He receives. This phrase is a common biblical expression denoting the infinite and unending reign of God, affirming His eternal sovereignty and the everlasting nature of His kingdom.

Amen
The repetition of "Amen" at the end of the verse serves as a powerful affirmation of the truth and certainty of the doxology. It is a liturgical conclusion that seals the praise offered to God, reinforcing the faith and conviction of the worshippers. The use of "Amen" bookends the verse, creating a sense of completeness and emphasizing the unwavering trust in God's eternal nature.

Then one of the elders addressed me
In this phrase, "one of the elders" refers to the twenty-four elders mentioned earlier in Revelation, who are often interpreted as representing the redeemed of all ages, possibly symbolizing the twelve tribes of Israel and the twelve apostles. The Greek word for "elders" is "presbyteros," which denotes someone of authority and wisdom. This elder takes the initiative to address John, indicating a moment of revelation and teaching. The elders' role in the heavenly vision underscores the continuity of God's covenant people throughout history, bridging the Old and New Testaments.

These in white robes
The "white robes" symbolize purity, victory, and righteousness. In the ancient world, white garments were often associated with festivity and celebration, as well as purity and holiness. The Greek word "leukos" for "white" conveys brightness and brilliance, suggesting divine approval and sanctification. In the context of Revelation, these robes are given to those who have been redeemed by the blood of the Lamb, signifying their cleansed state and their participation in the victory of Christ over sin and death.

Who are they, and where have they come from?
This question posed by the elder is rhetorical, designed to draw John's attention to the significance of the vision. It invites reflection on the identity and journey of the multitude in white robes. The inquiry emphasizes the importance of understanding the origin and destiny of God's people. Historically, this question resonates with the theme of pilgrimage and exodus found throughout Scripture, where God's people are often depicted as sojourners and exiles on a journey to the promised land. The elder's question sets the stage for the revelation of the identity and triumph of the saints.

I replied, 'Sir, you know.'
This phrase reflects a humble acknowledgment of the speaker's limited understanding and the recognition of the elder's authority and insight. The Greek word for "Sir" here is "κύριε" (kurie), which can also be translated as "Lord" or "Master," indicating respect and deference. This interaction highlights the importance of seeking wisdom from those who are spiritually mature and knowledgeable, a principle that resonates throughout Scripture.

These are the ones who have come out of the great tribulation
The "great tribulation" is a period of intense suffering and persecution, often interpreted as a future time of trial for believers. The Greek word for "tribulation" is "θλίψις" (thlipsis), which conveys the idea of pressure or affliction. Historically, this has been understood as a time of testing that refines and purifies the faith of believers. The phrase "have come out" suggests deliverance and victory, emphasizing God's faithfulness in bringing His people through trials.

they have washed their robes
The act of washing robes symbolizes purification and sanctification. In the ancient world, garments often represented one's status or condition. The Greek word for "washed" is "ἔπλυναν" (eplunan), indicating a thorough cleansing. This imagery is consistent with the biblical theme of being cleansed from sin, as seen in passages like Isaiah 1:18, where sins are made "white as snow."

and made them white
The color white in Scripture often symbolizes purity, holiness, and righteousness. The Greek word "λευκαίνω" (leukainō) means to whiten or purify. This transformation signifies the believers' transition from sinfulness to righteousness through divine intervention. It is a powerful reminder of the transformative power of God's grace.

in the blood of the Lamb
The "blood of the Lamb" refers to the sacrificial death of Jesus Christ, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world (John 1:29). The Greek word for "blood" is "αἷμα" (haima), which is central to the concept of atonement and redemption. The Lamb's blood is the means by which believers are cleansed and justified, underscoring the foundational Christian belief in salvation through Christ's sacrifice. This phrase encapsulates the heart of the Gospel message, emphasizing that it is only through Jesus' sacrificial death that believers are made pure and righteous before God.

For this reason
This phrase connects the preceding verses with the current statement, indicating a cause-and-effect relationship. In the context of Revelation 7, the multitude standing before the throne has come out of the great tribulation, having washed their robes in the blood of the Lamb. The Greek phrase "διὰ τοῦτο" (dia touto) emphasizes the reason for their current blessed state. It is a reminder that their perseverance and faithfulness through trials have led to their reward. Historically, this reflects the early Christian understanding of suffering as a pathway to glory, echoing Jesus' teachings in the Gospels.

they are before the throne of God
The imagery of being "before the throne of God" signifies a position of honor and acceptance. In the ancient world, being before a throne indicated favor and access to the king. The Greek word "θρόνος" (thronos) is used throughout Revelation to depict God's sovereign rule. This phrase assures believers of their ultimate place in God's presence, a fulfillment of the promise of eternal life and fellowship with Him. It is a powerful encouragement to remain steadfast in faith, knowing that their ultimate destiny is to be in the presence of God.

and serve Him day and night in His temple
The concept of serving "day and night" suggests continuous, unending worship and devotion. The Greek word "λατρεύω" (latreuō) means to serve or worship, often used in the context of priestly service. This reflects the believer's eternal role in God's kingdom, akin to the Levitical priests who served in the earthly temple. The "temple" here is not a physical structure but represents God's dwelling place, emphasizing the intimate relationship between God and His people. Historically, this would resonate with early Christians who faced persecution, offering hope of a future where they could freely and eternally worship God.

and the One seated on the throne
This phrase highlights God's sovereignty and authority. The "One seated on the throne" is a recurring image in Revelation, symbolizing God's ultimate control over the universe. The Greek word "καθήμενος" (kathēmenos) indicates a position of power and judgment. This assurance of God's reign would have been particularly comforting to the early church, facing trials and uncertainties. It serves as a reminder that despite earthly challenges, God remains in control, and His purposes will ultimately prevail.

will spread His tabernacle over them
The imagery of God spreading His "tabernacle" over His people evokes the Old Testament concept of God's presence dwelling among the Israelites in the wilderness. The Greek word "σκηνόω" (skēnoō) means to dwell or encamp, reminiscent of the Shekinah glory that filled the tabernacle. This signifies God's protective and abiding presence with His people. For the early Christians, this promise of divine protection and fellowship would have been a source of immense comfort and hope, assuring them of God's eternal presence and care.

Never again will they hunger
This phrase speaks to the eternal satisfaction and provision that God promises to His people. The Greek word for "hunger" is "πεινάω" (peinaó), which means to be in need of food or to suffer want. In the historical context of the early church, many Christians faced physical hunger due to persecution and poverty. This promise assures believers that in the presence of God, all their needs will be met, and they will experience complete fulfillment. It echoes the assurance found in Psalm 23:1, "The LORD is my shepherd; I shall not want."

never will they thirst
The Greek word for "thirst" is "διψάω" (dipsaó), which conveys a deep longing or need for water. Water is a symbol of life and sustenance throughout Scripture. In John 4:14, Jesus offers the living water that quenches spiritual thirst forever. This promise in Revelation assures believers that their spiritual and physical needs will be eternally satisfied in God's kingdom, where the living water flows freely.

nor will the sun beat down on them
The imagery of the sun beating down is reminiscent of the harsh conditions faced by those in the ancient Near East, where the sun could be relentless and oppressive. The Greek word "πῖπτω" (piptó) means to fall upon or strike. This phrase promises relief from suffering and hardship, symbolizing God's protection and care. It reflects the promise in Isaiah 49:10, where God assures His people that they will not hunger or thirst, nor will the desert heat or sun beat down on them.

nor any scorching heat
The term "scorching heat" refers to extreme conditions that cause distress and discomfort. The Greek word "καύσων" (kausón) means burning heat or a hot wind. This phrase emphasizes the complete removal of all forms of suffering and discomfort in the presence of God. It is a promise of eternal peace and rest, where believers are shielded from all harm and distress, reflecting the ultimate fulfillment of God's protective care.

For the Lamb
The term "Lamb" is a central Christological symbol in the Book of Revelation, representing Jesus Christ as the sacrificial Lamb of God. The Greek word used here is "ἀρνίον" (arnion), which emphasizes the innocence and purity of Christ, who was sacrificed for the sins of humanity. This imagery is deeply rooted in the Jewish Passover tradition, where a lamb without blemish was sacrificed. The Lamb's role in Revelation is both as a redeemer and a victorious king, highlighting the paradox of power through sacrifice.

in the center of the throne
The phrase "in the center of the throne" signifies the Lamb's divine authority and centrality in the heavenly realm. The throne is a symbol of God's sovereign rule, and the Lamb's position here indicates His co-regency with God the Father. This imagery is consistent with the vision of the heavenly throne room in Revelation 4 and 5, where the Lamb is worshiped alongside God, underscoring the unity and equality of the Father and the Son in the Godhead.

will be their shepherd
The role of the shepherd is a powerful biblical metaphor for leadership, care, and guidance. The Greek word "ποιμαίνω" (poimaino) means to tend or shepherd, reflecting Jesus' role as the Good Shepherd who knows His sheep and lays down His life for them (John 10:11). This imagery is comforting, suggesting protection, provision, and intimate relationship. It echoes Psalm 23, where the Lord is depicted as a shepherd who leads His people to green pastures and still waters.

He will lead them to springs of living water
"Springs of living water" symbolize eternal life and spiritual sustenance. The Greek word "ὕδωρ ζῶν" (hydor zon) refers to water that is fresh, flowing, and life-giving. This imagery is reminiscent of Jesus' promise in John 4:14, where He offers living water that becomes a wellspring of eternal life. In the arid context of the ancient Near East, water was a precious and life-sustaining resource, making this promise of spiritual refreshment and eternal life profoundly significant.

and God will wipe away every tear from their eyes
This phrase offers a vision of ultimate comfort and restoration. The act of wiping away tears is deeply personal and tender, indicating God's intimate care for His people. The Greek word "ἐξαλείφω" (exaleipho) means to wipe out or obliterate, suggesting the complete removal of sorrow and suffering. This promise is a fulfillment of the prophetic hope found in Isaiah 25:8, where God promises to swallow up death forever and wipe away tears from all faces. It points to the eschatological hope of a new creation where pain and mourning are no more.