Now Jericho
The city of Jericho is one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world, with archaeological evidence suggesting its existence as far back as 9000 BC. In the context of the Israelites, Jericho represents the first major obstacle in their conquest of the Promised Land. The Hebrew name "Yericho" is thought to be derived from the word "yareach," meaning "moon," indicating its possible significance in lunar worship or its strategic importance as a fortified city.

was tightly shut up
The phrase "tightly shut up" indicates a state of complete lockdown. The Hebrew word "sagar" conveys the idea of being closed or shut, emphasizing the city's defensive posture. This was a common military strategy in ancient times, where cities would close their gates to protect against invading forces. The impenetrable nature of Jericho's walls symbolizes the formidable challenges that believers may face, yet it also sets the stage for God's miraculous intervention.

because of the Israelites
The presence of the Israelites instilled fear in the hearts of the people of Jericho. The reputation of the Israelites, having crossed the Jordan River miraculously, preceded them. This fear is a testament to the power and presence of God with His people. It reflects the fulfillment of God's promise to make the nations tremble before Israel (Deuteronomy 2:25).

No one went out and no one came in
This phrase underscores the complete isolation of Jericho. The city was in a state of siege, with no movement in or out. The Hebrew words "yatsa" (went out) and "bo" (came in) highlight the totality of the lockdown. This situation mirrors the spiritual condition of those who are closed off to God's presence, living in fear and isolation. It also foreshadows the impending divine intervention that will break through the barriers, both physical and spiritual, that stand against God's purposes.

And the LORD said to Joshua
This phrase emphasizes the direct communication between God and Joshua, highlighting the divine authority and guidance that Joshua receives. The Hebrew word for "LORD" here is "Yahweh," the covenant name of God, which signifies His eternal presence and faithfulness. This direct address underscores the personal relationship and covenantal promise God has with His people, reminding us of His unwavering commitment to lead and guide those who trust in Him.

Behold
The word "behold" is a call to attention, urging Joshua to focus on the divine revelation being given. In Hebrew, "hinneh" is often used to draw attention to something significant or surprising. It serves as a reminder for believers to be attentive to God's words and actions, recognizing that His plans and promises are unfolding before their eyes.

I have delivered
This phrase is pivotal, as it indicates a completed action from God's perspective. The Hebrew verb "nathan" is used here, meaning "to give" or "to deliver." It reflects the certainty and assurance of God's promise, even before the physical manifestation of the victory. This teaches us about the nature of faith, trusting in God's promises as though they are already fulfilled, because His word is sure and steadfast.

Jericho into your hand
Jericho, a fortified city, represents a significant obstacle to the Israelites. The phrase "into your hand" signifies total control and victory. The historical context of Jericho as a stronghold emphasizes the miraculous nature of this promise. It serves as a reminder that no obstacle is too great for God to overcome, and He can deliver victories in seemingly impossible situations.

along with its king
The inclusion of the king in this promise highlights the complete overthrow of Jericho's authority and leadership. In ancient times, the king was the symbol of a city's power and governance. God's promise to deliver the king into Joshua's hand signifies the total dismantling of Jericho's power structure, illustrating God's supremacy over earthly rulers and authorities.

and its mighty men of valor
The "mighty men of valor" refers to the warriors and defenders of Jericho, known for their strength and bravery. The Hebrew term "gibbor" denotes a mighty or strong man, often used to describe warriors. God's promise to deliver these formidable opponents into Joshua's hand underscores His power to overcome human strength and military might. It reassures believers that God's strength is made perfect in our weakness, and He can conquer any force that stands against His purposes.

March around the city
The Hebrew word for "march" is "naqaph," which means to go around or encircle. This command to march around Jericho is not just a military tactic but a divine directive that emphasizes obedience and faith. The act of marching around the city symbolizes a spiritual journey of trust in God's plan, even when it defies conventional military strategies. Historically, Jericho was a fortified city, and the Israelites' act of marching around it was a demonstration of their reliance on God's power rather than their own might.

with all the men of war
The phrase "men of war" refers to the Israelite soldiers, highlighting the involvement of the entire community in God's plan. The Hebrew term "anshe hamilchamah" underscores the readiness and commitment of these warriors to follow God's unusual instructions. This collective action signifies unity and the importance of communal faith in achieving God's purposes. It also serves as a reminder that spiritual battles require the participation of all believers, not just a select few.

circling the city one time
The instruction to circle the city once each day for six days is a test of patience and perseverance. The Hebrew word "sabab" for "circling" implies a complete encirclement, symbolizing the comprehensive nature of God's plan. This repetitive action teaches the Israelites—and us—about the importance of persistence in faith. It also foreshadows the complete victory that God promises to those who trust and obey Him fully.

Do this for six days
The number six in the Bible often represents human effort and incompleteness, as it falls short of the divine perfection symbolized by the number seven. The six days of marching without immediate results challenge the Israelites to trust in God's timing and not their own understanding. This period of waiting and obedience is crucial for building faith and reliance on God. It serves as a powerful reminder that God's ways are higher than our ways, and His plans often require patience and steadfastness before the fulfillment of His promises.

And have seven priests
The number seven in the Bible often symbolizes completeness or perfection, reflecting God's divine order. The Hebrew word for seven is "שֶׁבַע" (sheva), which is rooted in the idea of fullness and abundance. The presence of seven priests signifies a complete and divinely ordained action, emphasizing the sacredness of the task at hand. Priests, as mediators between God and the people, underscore the spiritual nature of the battle, indicating that this is not merely a physical conquest but a spiritual one.

carry seven trumpets
The Hebrew word for trumpet is "שׁוֹפָר" (shofar), traditionally made from a ram's horn. The shofar is a powerful symbol in Jewish worship, used to announce significant events and call people to attention. The repetition of the number seven here reinforces the idea of divine completeness. The trumpets serve as a call to action and a reminder of God's presence and power, heralding the miraculous intervention that is to come.

of rams’ horns
Rams' horns, or "יֹבֵל" (yovel), are associated with jubilee and liberation. The use of rams' horns in this context symbolizes freedom and the breaking of bondage, as the Israelites are about to enter the Promised Land. This imagery connects to the broader biblical theme of deliverance and God's faithfulness in fulfilling His promises to His people.

before the ark
The Ark of the Covenant, or "אֲרוֹן הַבְּרִית" (aron habrit), represents God's presence among His people. It is a sacred chest containing the tablets of the Law, Aaron's rod, and manna. The ark going before the people signifies that God leads the way in their battles, providing guidance and assurance of victory. It is a powerful reminder that success comes not by human might but by divine intervention.

On the seventh day
The seventh day is significant in biblical tradition, echoing the Sabbath, a day of rest and holiness. The Hebrew word for day is "יוֹם" (yom), and the seventh day marks the culmination of God's creative work. In this context, it signifies the completion of the Israelites' obedience and the fulfillment of God's promise. It is a day set apart for the miraculous, underscoring the divine orchestration of events.

march around the city seven times
The act of marching around the city seven times is a demonstration of faith and obedience. The Hebrew word for march is "סָבַב" (sabab), meaning to go around or encircle. This repetitive action symbolizes perseverance and trust in God's plan, even when it defies human logic. It is a physical manifestation of spiritual warfare, where victory is achieved through faithfulness to God's commands.

while the priests blow the trumpets
The blowing of the trumpets, or "תָּקַע" (taqa), is an act of proclamation and declaration. It is a call to attention, signaling the imminent intervention of God. The continuous sound of the trumpets serves as a reminder of God's power and the certainty of His promises. It is a sound of triumph and anticipation, heralding the miraculous fall of Jericho's walls and the fulfillment of God's covenant with His people.

a long blast of the ram’s horn
The phrase "a long blast of the ram’s horn" refers to the shofar, a musical instrument made from a ram's horn, used in ancient Israel for religious and military purposes. The Hebrew word for "ram's horn" is "shofar," which is deeply rooted in Jewish tradition and is often associated with significant religious events, such as the Jewish New Year (Rosh Hashanah). The long blast signifies a divine signal, a call to action, and a moment of spiritual significance. In the context of Joshua 6:5, it represents God's direct intervention and the commencement of His miraculous plan for the Israelites to conquer Jericho.

you hear its sound
Hearing the sound of the shofar was a call to attention and action for the Israelites. In the Hebrew tradition, hearing is often linked with obedience and response. The sound of the shofar was not just a physical noise but a spiritual call to the people to prepare for God's mighty work. It was a reminder of God's presence and power, urging the Israelites to trust in His promises and act in faith.

all the people shall shout with a great shout
The command for "all the people shall shout with a great shout" emphasizes unity and collective faith among the Israelites. The Hebrew word for "shout" is "teruah," which can mean a loud noise or a battle cry. This shout was an expression of faith and obedience, a declaration of trust in God's promise to deliver Jericho into their hands. It symbolizes the power of communal faith and the importance of acting together in obedience to God's commands.

Then the wall of the city will collapse
The phrase "Then the wall of the city will collapse" describes the miraculous intervention of God in the battle of Jericho. The Hebrew word for "collapse" is "naphal," meaning to fall or to be overthrown. This event is a testament to God's power and faithfulness, demonstrating that victory comes not by human might but by divine intervention. The collapse of the walls of Jericho serves as a powerful reminder of God's sovereignty and His ability to overcome seemingly insurmountable obstacles.

the people will go up, each man straight ahead
The instruction that "the people will go up, each man straight ahead" indicates a direct and unhindered path to victory. The Hebrew word for "go up" is "alah," which can mean to ascend or to rise. This phrase signifies the fulfillment of God's promise and the Israelites' entry into the Promised Land. It highlights the importance of following God's guidance and moving forward in faith, trusting that He will clear the path and lead His people to victory.

summoned the priests
The act of summoning the priests highlights the central role of religious leaders in the Israelite community. Priests were intermediaries between God and the people, responsible for maintaining the spiritual integrity of the nation. In the context of the conquest of Jericho, their involvement signifies that this military campaign is not merely a physical battle but a spiritual undertaking ordained by God. The Hebrew root for "priest" is "kohen," which denotes someone who serves in a sacred capacity, reinforcing the idea that the battle is a divine mission.

and said to them
This phrase indicates direct communication and leadership. Joshua, as a leader, is not acting on his own accord but is conveying instructions that align with God's commands. The act of speaking to the priests demonstrates the importance of clear communication and obedience to divine instructions in achieving God's purposes. It reflects a hierarchical structure where God communicates His will through appointed leaders, ensuring that His plans are executed faithfully.

Take up the ark of the covenant
The "ark of the covenant" is a central symbol of God's presence among His people. It contained the tablets of the Law, Aaron's rod, and manna, representing God's covenant, authority, and provision. The Hebrew word for "ark" is "aron," meaning a chest or box, but its significance is far greater as it embodies the divine presence. By instructing the priests to take up the ark, Joshua is emphasizing that the forthcoming battle is under God's guidance and authority. The ark's presence assures the Israelites of God's faithfulness and power.

and have seven priests carry seven trumpets
The number "seven" in the Bible often symbolizes completeness or perfection, derived from the Hebrew word "sheva." The use of seven priests and seven trumpets indicates a divinely ordained plan, complete and perfect in its execution. Trumpets, or "shofar" in Hebrew, were used in various religious and military contexts, often to signal God's intervention or to call the people to action. The specific instruction to carry trumpets suggests that the battle of Jericho is not just a physical conquest but a spiritual event, heralded by the sound of God's instruments.

of rams’ horns
Rams' horns, or "shofarot," were traditionally used in Israelite culture for religious ceremonies and as signals in battle. The choice of rams' horns, as opposed to other instruments, is significant because they are associated with the proclamation of God's presence and power. The shofar is a call to worship, repentance, and action, reminding the Israelites of God's sovereignty and their dependence on Him for victory. The use of rams' horns in this context underscores the spiritual nature of the battle and the need for the Israelites to trust in God's deliverance.

in front of the ark of the LORD
This phrase positions the priests and the trumpets in a place of prominence, leading the procession with the ark. The "ark of the LORD" signifies God's leadership and presence at the forefront of the battle. The Hebrew word for "LORD" is "Yahweh," the covenant name of God, emphasizing His eternal and unchanging nature. By placing the ark at the center of the procession, the Israelites are reminded that their success depends on God's presence and power. This arrangement serves as a visual and spiritual reminder that the battle belongs to the Lord, and victory is assured through His guidance.

And he said to the people
This phrase introduces a command from Joshua, the leader of the Israelites. The Hebrew root for "said" is "אָמַר" (amar), which often implies not just speaking but conveying a message of importance or authority. Joshua, as the appointed leader after Moses, carries the weight of divine authority. His words are not merely his own but are seen as directives from God Himself. This highlights the importance of leadership that is aligned with divine will, a key theme in the narrative of the Israelites' conquest of Canaan.

Advance
The command to "advance" is a call to action, urging the people to move forward in faith. The Hebrew word "עָבַר" (avar) can mean to pass over, go through, or advance. This is not just a physical movement but a spiritual one, symbolizing the transition from wandering in the wilderness to claiming the promises of God. It reflects the necessity of faith in action, a principle that resonates throughout the Christian journey.

and march around the city
The instruction to "march around the city" of Jericho is a strategic and symbolic act. The Hebrew word for "march" is "סָבַב" (sabab), meaning to go around or encircle. This act of encircling Jericho is both a military tactic and a spiritual exercise. Historically, marching around a city could be seen as a siege tactic, but here it is a demonstration of faith and obedience. The Israelites are to trust in God's unconventional methods rather than their own understanding.

with the armed men
The phrase "with the armed men" indicates that this was a coordinated effort involving the warriors of Israel. The Hebrew term "חָלוּץ" (chalutz) refers to those who are equipped or prepared for battle. This highlights the readiness and willingness of God's people to engage in spiritual warfare. It serves as a reminder that while God fights for His people, they are also called to be active participants in His plans.

going ahead of the ark of the LORD
The "ark of the LORD" is central to this narrative, representing God's presence among His people. The Hebrew word for "ark" is "אֲרוֹן" (aron), which signifies a chest or box, but in this context, it is the sacred chest containing the tablets of the covenant. The armed men going ahead of the ark symbolize the protection and reverence due to God's presence. This order of procession underscores the principle that God leads His people, and they follow in faith and obedience. The ark's presence assures victory, as it is not by might nor by power, but by God's Spirit that the walls of Jericho will fall.

And after Joshua had spoken to the people
This phrase highlights the role of Joshua as a leader and prophet, who communicates God's commands to the Israelites. The Hebrew root for "spoken" is דָּבַר (dabar), which implies not just speaking, but conveying a message with authority and purpose. Joshua's leadership is pivotal, as he acts as a mediator between God and the people, ensuring that divine instructions are clearly understood and followed. This reflects the importance of godly leadership in guiding a community according to divine will.

the seven priests
The number seven in the Bible often symbolizes completeness or perfection, derived from the Hebrew word שֶׁבַע (sheva). The presence of seven priests signifies the completeness of the divine plan and the sacredness of the task at hand. Priests, in their role, serve as intermediaries between God and the people, emphasizing the holiness of the proceedings and the necessity of spiritual purity in executing God's commands.

carrying the seven trumpets
The trumpets, or שׁוֹפָרוֹת (shofarot) in Hebrew, are ram's horns used in ancient Israel for religious and military purposes. The use of trumpets here is significant, as they are instruments of both worship and warfare, symbolizing the merging of divine intervention with human action. The sound of the trumpet is a call to attention, a signal of God's presence and power, and a herald of impending victory.

before the LORD
This phrase underscores the concept of acting in the presence of God, or לִפְנֵי יְהוָה (lifnei YHWH) in Hebrew. It signifies that the actions of the priests and the Israelites are not merely ritualistic but are performed with the awareness of God's immediate presence. This serves as a reminder of the omnipresence of God and the need for reverence and obedience in His sight.

went forward
The movement "went forward" indicates progression and obedience to God's command. The Hebrew root עָבַר (avar) suggests crossing over or advancing, which in this context, reflects the Israelites' faith and trust in God's plan. It is a physical manifestation of their spiritual journey, moving forward in faith towards the fulfillment of God's promises.

blowing the trumpets
The act of blowing the trumpets is both a literal and symbolic action. The Hebrew word תָּקַע (taqa) means to blow or sound, and it represents a proclamation of faith and a declaration of God's impending victory. This act is a demonstration of obedience and trust in God's power to deliver, serving as a catalyst for the miraculous events that follow.

and the ark of the covenant of the LORD
The Ark of the Covenant, אָרוֹן הַבְּרִית (aron habrit) in Hebrew, is the most sacred object in Israelite worship, representing God's presence and His covenant with Israel. Its presence in the procession signifies that the battle is not merely physical but spiritual, with God Himself leading His people. The Ark is a tangible reminder of God's promises and faithfulness.

followed them
The phrase "followed them" indicates the order and structure of the procession, with the Ark following the priests. This arrangement highlights the centrality of God's presence in the midst of His people. The Hebrew root for "followed" is הָלַךְ (halak), meaning to walk or go, suggesting that God's presence is actively moving with and guiding the Israelites. This serves as a powerful reminder of God's guidance and protection as His people step out in faith.

The armed troops
This phrase refers to the Israelite soldiers who were prepared for battle. The Hebrew word for "armed" is "ḥăluṣîm," which implies readiness and preparation. Historically, these troops were not just physically prepared but spiritually aligned with God's command. Their presence signifies the importance of being prepared both in faith and action when following God's directives.

marched ahead
The act of marching ahead indicates a strategic and obedient movement. The Hebrew root "ʿābar" means to pass over or go beyond, suggesting a forward motion in faith. This action symbolizes the Israelites' trust in God's plan, moving forward despite the formidable walls of Jericho.

of the priests
The priests held a significant role in Israelite society, serving as mediators between God and the people. In this context, their presence underscores the spiritual nature of the battle. The Hebrew word "kōhănîm" highlights their consecrated status, reminding us that spiritual leadership is crucial in executing God's plans.

who blew the trumpets
The trumpets, or "šōpār," were ram's horns used in religious ceremonies and as signals in battle. The blowing of the trumpets was a call to worship and a declaration of God's presence. This act was not merely a military signal but a proclamation of divine intervention and assurance of victory through faith.

and the rear guard
The rear guard, or "me'assep," served to protect and ensure the safety of the entire procession. This strategic placement highlights the importance of vigilance and protection in spiritual warfare. It reminds believers that God provides comprehensive security, both at the forefront and behind.

followed the ark
The Ark of the Covenant, or "ʾărôn habbərît," was the physical manifestation of God's presence among His people. Following the ark signifies obedience and reverence, as the Israelites were literally and figuratively following God. This act of following underscores the necessity of divine guidance in overcoming obstacles.

while the trumpets kept sounding
The continuous sounding of the trumpets, "tāqāʿ," represents persistent faith and unwavering proclamation of God's power. This relentless sound served as a reminder of God's promises and the certainty of His deliverance. It encourages believers to maintain their faith and declare God's truth consistently, even when victory seems distant.

But Joshua had commanded the people
The phrase begins with "But," indicating a contrast or a specific instruction that follows previous commands. Joshua, whose name means "The LORD is salvation," is the leader appointed by God to succeed Moses. His command to the people reflects his role as a divinely appointed leader, emphasizing obedience and discipline. The Hebrew root for "commanded" (צָוָה, tsavah) implies a directive with authority, underscoring the importance of following God's ordained leadership.

Do not give a war cry
The "war cry" was a common practice in ancient warfare, intended to intimidate the enemy and rally the troops. By instructing the Israelites not to give a war cry, Joshua emphasizes reliance on God's power rather than human strength or psychological tactics. This command highlights the spiritual nature of the battle, where victory is achieved through faith and obedience to God's instructions.

do not raise your voices
This phrase further emphasizes silence and restraint. In a historical context, raising voices could signify chaos or lack of discipline. The Hebrew culture often associated silence with reverence and expectation. By maintaining silence, the Israelites demonstrate their trust in God's plan and timing, preparing their hearts for His miraculous intervention.

do not say a word
The repetition of commands regarding silence underscores its importance. The Hebrew word for "word" (דָּבָר, davar) can also mean "matter" or "thing," suggesting a complete abstention from any form of communication. This silence is a form of worship and submission, allowing the people to focus on God's presence and power rather than their own thoughts or strategies.

until the day I tell you to shout
The phrase "until the day" introduces a period of waiting and anticipation. It reflects the biblical theme of patience and trust in God's timing. The Hebrew concept of "day" (יוֹם, yom) often signifies a divinely appointed time. Joshua's instruction to wait for his command to "shout" indicates that the victory will come at God's appointed moment, not through human effort.

Then you are to shout!
The command to "shout" marks the culmination of obedience and faith. The Hebrew word for "shout" (רוּעַ, ruach) can also mean "to raise a sound" or "to cry out," often associated with joy and triumph. This shout is not just a physical act but a spiritual declaration of God's victory. It signifies the release of faith and the manifestation of God's promise, as the walls of Jericho fall by divine intervention.

So he had the ark of the LORD
The "ark of the LORD" refers to the Ark of the Covenant, a sacred chest that held the tablets of the Ten Commandments, Aaron's rod, and a pot of manna. In Hebrew, "ark" is "aron," meaning a chest or box. The Ark symbolized God's presence among His people and was central to Israel's worship and identity. Its presence in this military campaign underscores the belief that victory comes not by human might but by divine intervention. The Ark's involvement in the battle of Jericho highlights the necessity of faith and obedience to God's commands.

circle the city
The act of circling the city is a strategic and symbolic gesture. In Hebrew, the word for "circle" is "sabab," which can mean to go around or encompass. This action was not a typical military maneuver but a divine directive, emphasizing that the battle was spiritual rather than physical. The circling of Jericho was a demonstration of faith, as the Israelites followed God's unusual instructions, trusting in His promise of victory.

going around it once
The phrase "going around it once" indicates the daily routine for six days. This repetition signifies perseverance and obedience. The number six in biblical numerology often represents human effort, which is incomplete without divine intervention. The Israelites' daily march around Jericho was a test of their patience and faith, as they awaited God's timing for the walls to fall.

And they returned to the camp
Returning to the camp each day after circling the city suggests a rhythm of action and rest. The camp was a place of community, worship, and reflection. This routine allowed the Israelites to maintain their focus on God, reinforcing their dependence on Him rather than their own strength. It also provided time for spiritual preparation and unity among the people.

and spent the night there
Spending the night in the camp implies a period of rest and renewal. In the Hebrew context, night is often a time for reflection and seeking God's guidance. This nightly return to the camp symbolizes trust in God's protection and provision. It also highlights the importance of rest in the rhythm of spiritual warfare, reminding believers that true strength comes from reliance on God.

Joshua got up early the next morning
The phrase "Joshua got up early" indicates a sense of urgency and dedication. In Hebrew, the word for "early" is "שָׁכַם" (shakam), which often implies diligence and readiness to act. This reflects Joshua's commitment to God's command and his leadership qualities. Rising early is a recurring theme in the Bible, often associated with seeking God’s guidance and preparing for significant tasks (e.g., Genesis 22:3, Psalm 5:3). Joshua's early rising signifies his obedience and the importance of the mission at hand, which is the conquest of Jericho.

and the priests took the ark of the LORD
The "priests" in this context are the Levitical priests, who were set apart for sacred duties. The "ark of the LORD" refers to the Ark of the Covenant, a sacred chest that held the tablets of the Ten Commandments, Aaron's rod, and a pot of manna. The Hebrew word for "ark" is "אֲרוֹן" (aron), symbolizing God's presence among His people. The Ark was central to Israel's worship and a tangible representation of God's covenant and guidance. The priests carrying the Ark signifies the spiritual leadership and the centrality of God's presence in the battle strategy. This act underscores the belief that victory comes not by human might but through divine intervention and obedience to God's instructions. The Ark leading the procession around Jericho is a powerful reminder of God's sovereignty and the necessity of faith in His promises.

And the seven priests
The number seven in the Bible often symbolizes completeness or perfection, reflecting God's divine order. The priests, as mediators between God and the people, signify the sacredness of the task at hand. In Hebrew, the word for priest is "kohen," which denotes someone who is set apart for religious duties. This highlights the importance of spiritual leadership in fulfilling God's commands.

carrying seven trumpets
The trumpets, or "shofar" in Hebrew, were typically ram's horns used in religious ceremonies and as signals in battle. The use of seven trumpets here underscores the divine orchestration of the events at Jericho. The shofar's sound is a call to attention, repentance, and action, reminding the Israelites of God's presence and power.

went forward
This phrase indicates movement and progression, both physically and spiritually. The priests' forward march symbolizes obedience and faith in God's plan. It reflects the necessity of moving in alignment with God's will, trusting in His guidance even when the path is not fully visible.

marching before the ark of the LORD
The Ark of the Covenant, representing God's presence among His people, was central to Israel's worship and identity. The priests marching before the Ark signifies leading with reverence and submission to God's authority. It is a powerful image of God going before His people, ensuring victory and protection.

while the trumpets were blowing continually
The continuous blowing of the trumpets signifies perseverance and unwavering faith. It is a reminder of the need for constant vigilance and dedication in spiritual warfare. The sound of the trumpets would have been a constant reminder to the Israelites of God's promises and their need to rely on Him completely.

On the second day
This phrase marks the continuation of the Israelites' obedience to God's command. The Hebrew word for "second" (שֵׁנִי, sheni) signifies order and sequence, emphasizing the methodical and disciplined approach the Israelites took in following divine instructions. Historically, this reflects the importance of patience and persistence in faith, as the Israelites did not see immediate results but continued to trust in God's plan.

they marched around the city
The act of marching around Jericho was a demonstration of faith and obedience. The Hebrew root for "marched" (סָבַב, sabab) implies encircling or surrounding, which in this context symbolizes the encompassing power of God’s presence. Archaeologically, Jericho was a fortified city, and this seemingly unconventional military strategy highlights the Israelites' reliance on divine intervention rather than human strength.

once
The specific instruction to march once each day for six days underscores the importance of following God's commands precisely. The singularity of the action each day (אֶחָד, echad) can be seen as a test of faith, teaching the Israelites the value of consistency and obedience in their spiritual journey.

and returned to the camp
Returning to the camp signifies a period of rest and reflection. The Hebrew word for "camp" (מַחֲנֶה, machaneh) often denotes a place of dwelling and community. This return symbolizes the need for spiritual renewal and communal support, reminding believers of the importance of fellowship and rest in their walk with God.

They did this for six days
The repetition over six days (שֵׁשׁ, shesh) highlights the significance of perseverance and the number six, which in biblical numerology often represents human effort. This period of waiting and repeated action serves as a reminder that God's timing is perfect, and His promises require steadfast faith and endurance. The six days of marching without visible results teach believers the value of trusting in God's unseen work and the importance of preparation before the fulfillment of His promises.

On the seventh day
The number seven in the Bible often symbolizes completeness or perfection, reflecting God's creation week. The seventh day here marks the culmination of God's plan for Jericho's fall, emphasizing divine completion and fulfillment. In Hebrew, "seventh" (שְׁבִיעִי, shevi'i) connects to the idea of rest and divine intervention, reminding us of the Sabbath, a day set apart for God.

they got up at dawn
Rising at dawn signifies readiness and obedience. The Hebrew word for "dawn" (שַׁחַר, shachar) suggests the breaking of a new day, symbolizing hope and new beginnings. The Israelites' early start reflects their eagerness to follow God's command, demonstrating faith and trust in His timing.

and marched around the city
The act of marching around Jericho was a demonstration of faith and obedience. The Hebrew root for "marched" (סָבַב, sabab) implies encircling or surrounding, which in this context, signifies a spiritual siege rather than a physical one. This action was a testament to the Israelites' reliance on God's power rather than their own military might.

seven times
Repetition of the number seven underscores the divine orchestration of events. Marching seven times on the seventh day highlights the perfection and completeness of God's plan. It also serves as a test of endurance and faith for the Israelites, as they persist in their obedience to God's unusual strategy.

in the same manner
This phrase indicates consistency and faithfulness in following God's instructions. The Israelites did not deviate from the plan given by God, demonstrating their unwavering trust in His guidance. This consistency is a model for believers to follow God's commands with precision and dedication.

That was the only day
The uniqueness of this day sets it apart as a divinely appointed moment in history. It emphasizes that God's timing is perfect and that His plans often culminate in a singular, decisive moment. This phrase reminds believers that God's interventions are often unique and extraordinary.

they circled the city seven times
The completion of seven circuits on the seventh day signifies the fulfillment of God's promise. The act of circling (סָבַב, sabab) is both a physical and spiritual act of claiming God's promise. It represents the culmination of faith and obedience, leading to the miraculous fall of Jericho's walls. This serves as a powerful reminder of the victory that comes through faith in God's promises.

After the seventh time around
The phrase "after the seventh time around" signifies the completion of a divinely ordained process. The number seven in the Bible often symbolizes perfection or completion, reflecting God's perfect plan. In the context of the Israelites marching around Jericho, it underscores the importance of obedience to God's specific instructions. Historically, this act of marching would have been a test of faith and patience, as the Israelites had to trust in God's timing and method for victory.

the priests blew the trumpets
The blowing of the trumpets by the priests is a significant act of faith and proclamation. The Hebrew word for trumpet, "shofar," is often associated with calls to worship, battle, or significant announcements. In this context, the trumpets signal the impending divine intervention. Archaeologically, the use of trumpets in ancient warfare was common, serving both as a psychological tactic and a means of communication. Spiritually, it represents the power of God's word to break down barriers.

and Joshua commanded the people
Joshua, as the leader appointed by God, plays a crucial role in guiding the Israelites. His command to the people reflects his obedience to God's instructions and his role as a mediator between God and the people. Historically, Joshua's leadership is pivotal in the conquest of Canaan, and his faithfulness is a model for Christian leadership today. His command is not just a military order but a spiritual directive to act in faith.

Shout!
The command to "Shout!" is an expression of faith and victory. The Hebrew word "rua" implies a loud, triumphant cry. This shout is not merely a human action but a declaration of trust in God's promise. It symbolizes the release of faith and the anticipation of God's miraculous intervention. In the broader biblical narrative, shouting often accompanies moments of divine breakthrough and deliverance.

For the LORD has given you the city!
This phrase is a declaration of faith in God's promise and power. The use of the past tense "has given" indicates the certainty of God's promise, even before the physical manifestation of the victory. It reflects the biblical principle that God's promises are as good as fulfilled, even when not yet visible. Historically, this statement would have been a profound encouragement to the Israelites, reinforcing their trust in God's covenant faithfulness. Theologically, it reminds believers that victory is assured when God is the one who fights on their behalf.

Now the city
The Hebrew word for "city" is "עִיר" (ir), which refers to a fortified settlement. Jericho, the city in question, was one of the oldest and most significant cities in the ancient Near East. Archaeological evidence suggests that Jericho had massive walls, which made it a formidable obstacle for the Israelites. The mention of the city sets the stage for a divine intervention that would demonstrate God's power and faithfulness to His promises.

and all that is in it
This phrase emphasizes the totality of the destruction that was to come upon Jericho. The Hebrew word "כֹּל" (kol) means "all" or "everything," indicating that nothing within the city was to be spared. This reflects the concept of "herem," a term used for things devoted to God, often through destruction, as a form of divine judgment and purification.

shall be devoted to the LORD
The Hebrew term "חֵרֶם" (cherem) is used here, meaning something that is set apart for God, often through destruction. This concept underscores the seriousness of sin and the holiness of God. The destruction of Jericho was not merely a military conquest but a spiritual act of obedience and dedication to God, who demanded purity and holiness from His people.

for destruction
The phrase "for destruction" highlights the complete and irrevocable nature of the judgment upon Jericho. This was not just a physical destruction but a spiritual cleansing, removing the influence of paganism and idolatry from the land that God had promised to the Israelites. It serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of sin and the importance of aligning with God's will.

Only Rahab the prostitute
Rahab's inclusion is significant, as her account is one of redemption and faith. Despite her past, Rahab's actions demonstrated her belief in the God of Israel. The Hebrew word for "prostitute" is "זוֹנָה" (zonah), which acknowledges her former life but also highlights the transformative power of faith. Rahab's faith and actions led to her being spared, illustrating God's grace and mercy.

and all who are with her in her house
This phrase underscores the importance of community and the protection that comes from being aligned with God's people. Rahab's family was saved because of her faith and her decision to align with the God of Israel. It serves as a powerful testament to the impact one person's faith can have on others.

shall live
The promise of life for Rahab and her family is a direct result of her faith and obedience. The Hebrew word "חָיָה" (chayah) means "to live" or "to be preserved," signifying not just physical survival but a new beginning. Rahab's account is a foreshadowing of the salvation available to all who place their faith in God.

because she hid the spies we sent
Rahab's actions in hiding the spies were a demonstration of her faith and allegiance to the God of Israel. The Hebrew word "סָתַר" (satar) means "to hide" or "to conceal," indicating her active role in God's plan. Her faith was not passive but involved risk and courage, leading to her inclusion in the lineage of Jesus Christ, as noted in the genealogy in Matthew 1. This highlights the theme of redemption and the far-reaching impact of faith and obedience.

But keep away
The phrase "keep away" is a directive that implies a conscious and deliberate action to avoid something. In the Hebrew text, the word used here is "שָׁמַר" (shamar), which means to guard, keep, or observe. This is not a passive avoidance but an active guarding against temptation. The Israelites are being instructed to exercise vigilance and self-control, which is a recurring theme in Scripture, emphasizing the importance of obedience and the avoidance of sin.

from the devoted things
The "devoted things" refers to items that were consecrated to the Lord, often through destruction. The Hebrew term "חֵרֶם" (cherem) indicates something that is banned or set apart for God, often through complete destruction. In the context of ancient warfare, these were items that were to be destroyed as an offering to God, symbolizing the total surrender of the spoils of war to divine authority. This concept underscores the holiness of God and the requirement for His people to respect what is set apart for Him.

so that you will not bring about your own destruction
This phrase serves as a warning of the consequences of disobedience. The Hebrew word for "destruction" here is "חָרַם" (charam), which is closely related to "cherem," indicating a complete and utter destruction. The warning is clear: taking what is devoted to God leads to personal ruin. This reflects the biblical principle that sin leads to death and destruction, a theme that is consistent throughout Scripture.

by taking any of them
The act of "taking" implies an intentional decision to seize or claim something for oneself. The Hebrew root "לָקַח" (laqach) means to take, grasp, or capture. This action is a direct violation of God's command and represents a breach of trust and covenant with God. It highlights the human tendency to covet and the need for spiritual discipline to resist such temptations.

Otherwise, you will make the camp of Israel liable to destruction
The phrase "make the camp of Israel liable to destruction" indicates that the sin of one can affect the entire community. The Hebrew word "עָכַר" (akar) means to trouble or bring disaster. This communal aspect of sin reflects the interconnectedness of God's people and the corporate responsibility they bear. It serves as a reminder that individual actions can have far-reaching consequences, affecting not just the sinner but the entire community of believers.

and bring trouble upon it
The word "trouble" in Hebrew is "עָכָר" (akar), which is the same root used earlier for "liable to destruction." This repetition emphasizes the severity of the consequences of disobedience. The trouble brought upon the community is not just physical or material but spiritual, disrupting the peace and favor of God upon His people. It serves as a sobering reminder of the importance of holiness and obedience in maintaining the covenant relationship with God.

For all the silver and gold
The mention of "silver and gold" here signifies wealth and value. In the ancient Near Eastern context, these metals were not only currency but also symbols of power and divine favor. The Hebrew words for silver (כֶּסֶף, keseph) and gold (זָהָב, zahav) often appear in contexts of offerings and temple treasures, indicating their sacred use. This phrase underscores the idea that all valuable resources ultimately belong to God and should be dedicated to His purposes.

and all the articles of bronze and iron
Bronze and iron were materials of great utility and strength in ancient times. The Hebrew word for bronze (נְחֹשֶׁת, nechoshet) and iron (בַּרְזֶל, barzel) suggest durability and resilience. These metals were used in the construction of tools, weapons, and sacred objects. By including these materials, the text emphasizes that not only precious metals but also practical resources are to be consecrated to God, reflecting a holistic dedication of all aspects of life to divine service.

are holy to the LORD
The term "holy" (קֹדֶשׁ, qodesh) signifies something set apart for a sacred purpose. In the biblical context, holiness is a central attribute of God and anything associated with Him. Declaring these items as "holy to the LORD" indicates their separation from common use and dedication to God's service. This reflects the broader biblical theme that all creation is to be used for God's glory and purposes.

they must go into His treasury
The "treasury" (אוֹצָר, otsar) refers to a storehouse or repository for sacred items. In the context of the Israelite community, this would be a place where resources dedicated to God were kept for use in worship and the maintenance of the tabernacle or temple. This phrase highlights the importance of stewardship and the proper management of resources entrusted to God's people. It serves as a reminder that all we possess is ultimately God's and should be used in accordance with His will.

So when the rams’ horns sounded
The phrase "rams’ horns" refers to the shofar, a musical instrument made from a ram's horn, used in ancient Israel for religious and military purposes. The Hebrew word for this is "shofar," which is deeply symbolic in Jewish tradition, often associated with calls to repentance and divine intervention. The sounding of the shofar here signifies God's presence and power, heralding a miraculous event. Historically, the shofar was used to signal the start of battle, and its sound would have been both a rallying cry and a spiritual signal to the Israelites that God was with them.

the people shouted
The act of shouting by the people is significant in its demonstration of faith and obedience. The Hebrew word for "shouted" is "rua," which can mean to raise a noise or to cry out in triumph. This shout was not just a physical act but a spiritual one, symbolizing the Israelites' trust in God's promise. It was a shout of victory even before the walls fell, reflecting their confidence in God's power to deliver on His promises.

and when they heard the blast of the horn
The "blast of the horn" is a pivotal moment, marking the culmination of the Israelites' obedience to God's unusual battle plan. The Hebrew word "teruah" is used here, which can mean a loud noise or a signal. This blast was the divine signal for the Israelites to act, demonstrating the importance of listening for and responding to God's timing in our lives. It underscores the theme of divine orchestration and timing in the narrative.

the people gave a great shout
The "great shout" is a collective expression of faith and unity among the Israelites. The Hebrew word "gadol" means great or mighty, indicating the intensity and power of their shout. This unified cry symbolizes the strength found in communal faith and obedience to God. It serves as a reminder of the power of collective worship and action in achieving God's purposes.

and the wall collapsed
The miraculous collapse of the wall is the climax of the narrative, demonstrating God's supernatural intervention. The Hebrew word "naphal" means to fall or collapse, indicating a sudden and complete destruction. Archaeological evidence suggests that the walls of ancient Jericho were formidable, making their collapse an undeniable act of God. This event serves as a testament to God's power to overcome seemingly insurmountable obstacles when His people act in faith.

Then all the people charged straight into the city
The phrase "charged straight into" indicates the immediacy and directness of the Israelites' action following the wall's collapse. The Hebrew word "alah" means to go up or ascend, suggesting a swift and determined movement. This action reflects the readiness and courage of the Israelites to seize the opportunity provided by God, emphasizing the importance of acting decisively when God opens doors.

and captured it
The capture of Jericho is the fulfillment of God's promise to the Israelites. The Hebrew word "lakad" means to capture or seize, indicating a complete and successful conquest. This victory is not just a military achievement but a spiritual one, symbolizing the faithfulness of God to His covenant promises. It serves as a powerful reminder that when God is for us, no obstacle can stand in our way.

At the edge of the sword
This phrase signifies the method of execution used by the Israelites, indicating a complete and decisive action. The Hebrew word for "sword" is "חֶרֶב" (chereb), which often symbolizes divine judgment and warfare in the Old Testament. The sword is not merely a weapon but a tool of God's justice, emphasizing the seriousness of the command given to the Israelites. Historically, the sword was a common instrument of war, and its use here underscores the totality of the conquest and the fulfillment of God's promise to deliver Jericho into Israel's hands.

they devoted to destruction
The Hebrew term used here is "חֵרֶם" (cherem), which means to devote something to God by completely destroying it. This concept is rooted in the idea of something being set apart for God, often through destruction, to prevent any contamination of Israel with pagan practices. This act of devotion is not merely an act of violence but a religious act of obedience to God's command, reflecting the seriousness of maintaining purity and holiness among God's people.

everything in the city
This phrase indicates the totality of the destruction commanded by God. The Hebrew word "כֹּל" (kol) means "all" or "everything," emphasizing that nothing was to be spared. This comprehensive destruction was intended to prevent any remnants of idolatry or pagan influence from corrupting the Israelites. It also serves as a stark reminder of the consequences of sin and the holiness required by God.

man and woman, young and old
The inclusion of all people, regardless of age or gender, highlights the completeness of the judgment. This reflects the seriousness of sin and the extent of God's command. In the ancient Near Eastern context, such total destruction was not uncommon in warfare, but here it is specifically commanded by God as part of His divine plan. It underscores the idea that sin affects all and that God's judgment is impartial.

oxen, sheep, and donkeys
The mention of livestock indicates that the destruction extended beyond human life to include all living things within the city. This reflects the concept of "cherem," where everything associated with the city was to be devoted to God through destruction. The inclusion of animals underscores the thoroughness of the judgment and the need to remove all potential sources of idolatry or corruption. In a broader theological sense, it serves as a reminder of the cost of sin and the extent of God's holiness.

But Joshua had said
This phrase introduces the authority of Joshua, the leader of the Israelites after Moses. The Hebrew root for "Joshua" is "Yehoshua," meaning "Yahweh is salvation." Joshua's leadership is divinely appointed, and his words carry the weight of God's command. Historically, Joshua is a type of Christ, leading his people into the Promised Land, symbolizing spiritual victory and fulfillment of God's promises.

to the two men
These two men were the spies sent by Joshua to scout Jericho (Joshua 2:1). Their mission was crucial in the unfolding of God's plan for Israel's conquest of Canaan. The number two often signifies witness and testimony in Scripture, emphasizing the importance of their role in confirming God's promise to deliver Jericho into Israel's hands.

who had spied out the land
The act of spying out the land was a strategic move, demonstrating the balance between divine guidance and human responsibility. The Hebrew word for "spied" is "ragal," which can also mean to explore or search out. This reflects the diligence required in discerning God's will and the importance of preparation in spiritual warfare.

Go into the house of the prostitute
Rahab's house was a place of refuge for the spies. The mention of her profession highlights God's grace and redemption. In Hebrew, "prostitute" is "zonah," which can also mean innkeeper, suggesting her role in providing shelter. Rahab's faith and actions led to her inclusion in the lineage of Christ (Matthew 1:5), illustrating God's ability to use anyone for His purposes.

and bring out the woman
This command underscores the theme of salvation and deliverance. The Hebrew word for "bring out" is "yatsa," meaning to lead forth or deliver. Rahab's deliverance is a foreshadowing of the salvation offered through Christ, who brings us out of sin and into new life.

and all who are with her
Rahab's family was saved because of her faith and obedience. This phrase emphasizes the communal aspect of salvation, where one's faith can impact others. It reflects the biblical principle of household salvation, seen in Acts 16:31, where the faith of one can lead to the blessing of many.

because of the oath you swore to her
The oath represents a covenant, a binding promise that reflects God's faithfulness. The Hebrew word for "oath" is "shevuah," which signifies a solemn vow. This highlights the importance of integrity and keeping one's word, mirroring God's unchanging nature and His covenantal promises to His people. The fulfillment of this oath demonstrates God's justice and mercy, as He honors the faith of Rahab and the commitment of the spies.

So the young men who had spied out the land
This phrase refers to the two spies sent by Joshua to scout Jericho, as described in Joshua 2. The Hebrew word for "spied" is "ragal," which implies a careful and strategic reconnaissance. These young men were not just scouts; they were instruments of God's plan, chosen to fulfill a specific purpose. Their mission was not only military but also redemptive, as they were to ensure the safety of Rahab, who had shown faith in the God of Israel.

went in and brought out Rahab
Rahab, a Canaanite woman, is a significant figure in biblical history. Her name in Hebrew, "Rachav," means "broad" or "spacious," symbolizing her open heart to the God of Israel. Despite her background as a prostitute, her faith and actions led to her salvation. This act of bringing her out signifies God's grace and redemption, showing that faith transcends past sins and cultural barriers.

her father and mother and brothers, and all who belonged to her
This phrase highlights the inclusivity of God's salvation. Rahab's faith not only saved her but extended to her entire family. The Hebrew word "mishpachah" for "family" underscores the communal aspect of salvation. It reflects the biblical principle that faith can have a ripple effect, impacting those around us. Rahab's household was spared because of her belief and actions, illustrating the power of intercessory faith.

They brought out her whole family
The act of bringing out Rahab's family is a physical manifestation of deliverance. The Hebrew root "yatsa" means to go out or bring forth, symbolizing liberation from impending destruction. This deliverance is a precursor to the ultimate salvation offered through Christ, who brings us out of spiritual bondage into freedom.

and settled them outside the camp of Israel
Initially, Rahab and her family were placed outside the camp, which may seem exclusionary. However, this was a transitional phase, as they were later integrated into the community of Israel. This reflects the process of sanctification, where new believers are gradually incorporated into the body of Christ. The phrase underscores the importance of spiritual growth and integration into the faith community.

Then the Israelites
This phrase marks the collective action of the people of Israel, emphasizing their unity and obedience under Joshua's leadership. The Hebrew term for Israelites, "Yisra'el," signifies those who strive with God, reflecting their covenant relationship with Him. Historically, this moment follows the miraculous fall of Jericho's walls, a testament to their faith and God's power.

burned up the city
The act of burning the city signifies total destruction, a common practice in ancient warfare to prevent future habitation and to symbolize complete victory. The Hebrew word "saraph" means to burn or consume with fire, indicating a thorough and purifying destruction. This act was also a fulfillment of God's command, demonstrating Israel's obedience to divine instructions.

and everything in it
This phrase underscores the totality of the destruction, leaving nothing behind. It reflects the concept of "herem," or devoted to destruction, where everything is consecrated to God by being destroyed. This was a common practice in ancient Near Eastern cultures to dedicate the spoils of war to their deities, but here it signifies Israel's dedication to the LORD.

However, they put the silver and gold and the articles of bronze and iron
The exception made for these valuable materials highlights their importance and utility for the community. In the ancient world, metals were precious resources, often used for religious and communal purposes. The Hebrew word for silver, "kesef," and gold, "zahav," often symbolize wealth and purity, while bronze and iron represent strength and durability.

into the treasury of the LORD’s house
This phrase indicates that the valuable items were dedicated to God, set apart for sacred use. The "treasury" refers to a storehouse for the temple, signifying that these materials were to be used for the service and worship of God. This act of dedication reflects the principle of firstfruits, where the best and first of the spoils are given to God, acknowledging His sovereignty and provision.

And Joshua spared
The act of sparing Rahab is significant in the narrative of Joshua. The Hebrew root for "spared" is "chayah," which means to preserve or keep alive. This action reflects God's mercy and the fulfillment of His promises. Joshua, as a leader, demonstrates obedience to God's command and the importance of honoring oaths made in His name. This sparing is a testament to the power of faith and the rewards of aligning oneself with God's people.

Rahab the prostitute
Rahab's designation as a prostitute is crucial in understanding the depth of God's grace. The Hebrew word "zonah" indicates her profession, which was looked down upon in ancient society. Yet, her faith and actions led to her salvation. This highlights the theme of redemption and the idea that God can use anyone, regardless of their past, for His purposes. Rahab's account is a precursor to the New Testament message of grace and redemption through faith.

with her family and all who belonged to her
The inclusion of Rahab's family emphasizes the communal aspect of salvation. The Hebrew term "mishpachah" for family suggests a broader kinship group, indicating that her faith had a ripple effect, extending protection to her entire household. This reflects the biblical principle that faith can have a transformative impact on one's community and loved ones.

because she had hidden the spies
Rahab's actions in hiding the spies were pivotal. The Hebrew verb "tsaphan" means to hide or conceal, indicating her active role in God's plan. Her decision to protect the spies was a demonstration of her faith in the God of Israel, as she recognized His sovereignty over the land. This act of faith is celebrated in the New Testament (Hebrews 11:31), underscoring the importance of faith in action.

Joshua had sent to Jericho
The mission of the spies was a strategic move in the conquest of Jericho. The Hebrew name "Yericho" is linked to the moon, suggesting a city of significant cultural and religious importance. By sending spies, Joshua was acting in wisdom and obedience to God's command to take the land. Rahab's assistance to these spies was crucial in the success of Israel's mission, demonstrating how God orchestrates events for His purposes.

So she lives among the Israelites to this day
This phrase indicates the lasting impact of Rahab's faith and the integration of a Gentile into the community of Israel. The Hebrew word "yashab" means to dwell or reside, signifying her acceptance and inclusion among God's people. Rahab's account is a powerful testament to the inclusivity of God's covenant, foreshadowing the eventual inclusion of Gentiles into the faith community through Christ. Her presence among the Israelites serves as a reminder of God's grace and the transformative power of faith.

At that time
This phrase situates the event in a specific historical context, immediately following the miraculous fall of Jericho. The timing underscores the significance of the pronouncement, as it comes directly after a divine victory, emphasizing the seriousness of the oath. The Hebrew root for "time" (עֵת, 'et) often denotes a specific, appointed moment, suggesting divine orchestration.

Joshua pronounced
Joshua, as the leader of Israel, acts with authority given by God. The Hebrew root for "pronounced" (שָׁבַע, shava) implies a solemn declaration or oath, often invoking divine witness. This highlights the gravity and binding nature of his words, reflecting his role as God's appointed leader.

this solemn oath
The term "solemn oath" indicates a binding promise or curse, invoking God's name as a witness. In Hebrew culture, oaths were sacred and unbreakable, often carrying severe consequences for violation. This underscores the seriousness of the curse and the divine authority behind it.

Cursed before the LORD
The word "cursed" (אָרוּר, arur) in Hebrew signifies being set apart for destruction or misfortune. The phrase "before the LORD" indicates that this curse is not merely a human pronouncement but is sanctioned by God Himself, adding weight and divine authority to the declaration.

is the man who undertakes
This phrase targets any individual who would dare to defy the divine decree. The Hebrew root for "undertakes" (קוּם, qum) means to rise or establish, suggesting an act of rebellion against God's will. It serves as a warning against human pride and disobedience.

to rebuild this city, Jericho
Jericho, the first city conquered in the Promised Land, symbolizes God's power and the fulfillment of His promises. The act of rebuilding it would signify a reversal of God's judgment and a challenge to His authority. The historical and archaeological significance of Jericho as a fortified city further emphasizes the magnitude of this warning.

At the cost of his firstborn
This phrase implies a severe consequence for defying the curse. The loss of a firstborn son, a significant and devastating event in ancient cultures, underscores the seriousness of the curse. It reflects the biblical principle of the firstborn's importance and the high cost of disobedience.

he will lay its foundations
Laying foundations is a metaphor for beginning a significant undertaking. In this context, it signifies the initial act of defiance against God's command. The Hebrew root (יָסַד, yasad) for "lay" suggests establishing something with intent and purpose, highlighting the deliberate nature of the rebellion.

at the cost of his youngest
The repetition of the cost, now involving the youngest child, emphasizes the totality of the curse's impact. It suggests that the defiance will bring about complete familial devastation, reinforcing the warning against challenging God's decrees.

he will set up its gates
Setting up gates signifies completing the construction and fortification of the city. The Hebrew root (קוּם, qum) for "set up" again implies an act of establishment and defiance. This final act of rebellion would result in the fulfillment of the curse, demonstrating the inevitable consequences of opposing God's will.

So the LORD was with Joshua
This phrase underscores the divine presence and favor that Joshua enjoyed. The Hebrew word for "LORD" here is "YHWH," the sacred name of God, emphasizing His covenantal faithfulness. The phrase "was with" indicates a continuous, abiding presence, suggesting that Joshua's success was not due to his own strength or wisdom but because of God's active involvement in his leadership. This echoes the promise given to Joshua in Joshua 1:5, where God assures him, "As I was with Moses, so I will be with you." Theologically, this highlights the importance of divine accompaniment in fulfilling God's purposes, a theme prevalent throughout the Old Testament.

and his fame spread
The word "fame" in Hebrew is "shema," which can also mean "report" or "reputation." This suggests that Joshua's renown was not merely about his military conquests but also about the testimony of God's power and faithfulness through him. The spreading of his fame indicates that the surrounding nations were becoming aware of the God of Israel, who was actively working through Joshua. This serves as a fulfillment of God's promise to make Israel a nation that would be a witness to the world, as seen in Deuteronomy 28:10, where it is said, "Then all the peoples of the earth will see that you are called by the name of the LORD."

throughout the land
The phrase "throughout the land" signifies the extent and reach of Joshua's reputation. The "land" here refers to Canaan, the Promised Land, which was inhabited by various nations and peoples. The spread of Joshua's fame throughout this region indicates the comprehensive nature of God's work through him, as well as the fulfillment of the promise that Israel would inherit the land. Historically, this would have served as a deterrent to potential adversaries and a testament to the power of the God of Israel. It also foreshadows the eventual establishment of Israel as a dominant force in the region under Joshua's leadership, as God had promised to the patriarchs.