In the first year of the reign of Belshazzar over Babylon
This phrase sets the historical context for the vision. Belshazzar was the co-regent of Babylon, ruling alongside his father Nabonidus. The first year of Belshazzar's reign is generally considered to be around 553 BC. This period was marked by political instability and the decline of the Babylonian Empire. The mention of Belshazzar connects this vision to the historical events leading up to the fall of Babylon, as recorded in Daniel 5. The historical context is significant because it underscores the theme of God's sovereignty over earthly kingdoms, a recurring theme in the Book of Daniel.

Daniel had a dream, and visions passed through his mind as he lay on his bed
Dreams and visions are common means of divine revelation in the Bible, particularly in the Old Testament. Daniel, known for his ability to interpret dreams, receives this vision directly from God. This method of communication emphasizes the supernatural origin of the message. The phrase "as he lay on his bed" suggests a state of rest or contemplation, a time when God often revealed His plans to His prophets (see Genesis 28:10-17 for Jacob's dream). The use of dreams and visions in Daniel also parallels the experiences of other prophets, such as Ezekiel and Zechariah, who received apocalyptic visions.

He wrote down the dream
The act of writing down the dream indicates the importance and permanence of the revelation. It suggests that the vision was intended not only for Daniel's understanding but also for future generations. This written account serves as a testimony to God's unfolding plan and provides a record for the Jewish people during their exile. The preservation of the vision in written form aligns with the biblical practice of documenting divine revelations, as seen in other prophetic books.

and this is the summary of his account
The phrase indicates that what follows is a condensed version of the vision. This summary serves to highlight the key elements and themes of the revelation. The use of summaries is common in biblical literature, providing clarity and focus on the essential message. In the context of Daniel 7, the summary introduces a series of symbolic images and prophecies concerning future kingdoms and the ultimate establishment of God's eternal kingdom. This vision is pivotal in the book, as it transitions from historical narratives to apocalyptic prophecy, foreshadowing the coming of the Messiah and the final victory of God's kingdom.

Daniel declared:
Daniel, a prophet during the Babylonian exile, is the author of the book bearing his name. His declarations are considered authoritative and divinely inspired. This phrase introduces a vision, a common method through which God communicated with His prophets. Daniel's role as a prophet is significant, as he serves as a mouthpiece for God's revelations during a tumultuous period in Israel's history.

In my vision in the night I looked,
Visions in the night often indicate divine revelation, as seen in other biblical accounts such as those of Joseph and Jacob. Night visions suggest a supernatural encounter, distinct from dreams, and are often used to convey messages of future events. Daniel's visions are apocalyptic, revealing God's sovereignty over history and future kingdoms.

and suddenly the four winds of heaven
The four winds symbolize God's sovereign power over the entire earth, as they come from all directions. This imagery is used elsewhere in Scripture, such as in Jeremiah 49:36 and Revelation 7:1, to denote God's control over nations and events. The suddenness emphasizes the unexpected and divine nature of the events about to unfold.

were churning up the great sea.
The great sea often represents chaos and the nations of the world in biblical literature. In ancient Near Eastern culture, the sea was seen as a symbol of disorder and danger. The churning indicates turmoil and upheaval, setting the stage for the emergence of the four beasts, which represent successive empires. This imagery connects to other prophetic literature, such as Revelation 13, where the sea also symbolizes the origin of worldly powers opposed to God.

Then four great beasts
The "four great beasts" symbolize four successive kingdoms that arise on the earth. This imagery is consistent with the biblical use of beasts to represent empires or nations, as seen in other prophetic books like Revelation. The use of "great" emphasizes their power and influence over the known world. These beasts are often interpreted as the empires of Babylon, Medo-Persia, Greece, and Rome, aligning with the vision of the statue in Daniel 2.

came up out of the sea
The "sea" in biblical prophecy often represents chaos, turmoil, and the masses of humanity (Isaiah 17:12, Revelation 17:15). The emergence of these beasts from the sea suggests that these empires arise from a world of disorder and conflict. This imagery reflects the ancient Near Eastern view of the sea as a symbol of chaos and evil, which God alone can control (Psalm 89:9).

each one different from the others
The phrase indicates the distinct characteristics and nature of each kingdom. While they share the commonality of being powerful empires, their differences highlight the unique attributes and historical contexts of each. This diversity can be seen in the varying forms of governance, culture, and impact on Israel and the world. The differences also point to the unfolding of God's sovereign plan through diverse means and rulers, ultimately leading to the establishment of His eternal kingdom.

The first beast was like a lion
This phrase introduces the first of four beasts in Daniel's vision, symbolizing kingdoms or empires. The lion, known for its strength and majesty, is often associated with royalty and power. In the context of Daniel's vision, the lion likely represents the Babylonian Empire, known for its dominance and grandeur. The lion is a fitting symbol for Babylon, as it was a powerful and influential empire during Daniel's time.

and it had the wings of an eagle
The wings of an eagle suggest swiftness and the ability to conquer quickly. Eagles are known for their speed and keen vision, symbolizing the rapid expansion and far-reaching influence of the Babylonian Empire under Nebuchadnezzar. The combination of a lion and eagle emphasizes the formidable nature of this kingdom.

I watched until its wings were torn off
The removal of the wings indicates a loss of power and mobility. Historically, this can be seen as a reference to the humbling of Nebuchadnezzar, as described in Daniel 4, where his pride led to his downfall and temporary insanity. The tearing off of the wings signifies a divine intervention that limits the empire's reach and influence.

and it was lifted up from the ground
This phrase suggests a restoration or elevation from a fallen state. After Nebuchadnezzar's period of madness, he was restored to his throne, acknowledging the sovereignty of God. This lifting up symbolizes a return to power, but with a new understanding of divine authority.

and made to stand on two feet like a man
Standing on two feet like a man implies a transformation from a beastly nature to a more human-like state. This can be seen as a metaphor for Nebuchadnezzar's change in character after his humbling experience. It reflects a shift from arrogance to humility, recognizing the supremacy of God.

and given the mind of a man
Receiving the mind of a man indicates a change in understanding and perspective. In Nebuchadnezzar's case, it represents his acknowledgment of God's sovereignty and his subsequent rationality and wisdom. This transformation highlights the theme of divine sovereignty and the humbling of human pride, a recurring theme in the Book of Daniel.

Suddenly another beast appeared, which looked like a bear.
This beast represents the Medo-Persian Empire, following the Babylonian Empire symbolized by the lion in Daniel 7:4. The bear's appearance suggests strength and ferocity, characteristics of the Medo-Persian military. Historically, the Medo-Persian Empire was known for its vast armies and conquests, aligning with the bear's formidable image. The sudden appearance indicates the swift rise of this empire after Babylon's fall.

It was raised up on one of its sides,
The bear being raised on one side signifies the imbalance between the Medes and the Persians, with the Persians being the dominant power. This detail reflects the historical reality where the Persian component of the empire was more powerful and influential than the Median. The imagery of being raised on one side highlights the unequal partnership within the empire.

and it had three ribs in its mouth between its teeth.
The three ribs likely represent the three major conquests of the Medo-Persian Empire: Lydia, Babylon, and Egypt. These conquests were significant in establishing the empire's dominance in the ancient world. The ribs in the bear's mouth suggest the devouring nature of the empire, consuming other nations and expanding its territory.

So it was told, ‘Get up and gorge yourself on flesh!’
This command to the bear symbolizes the divine permission or mandate for the Medo-Persian Empire to continue its conquests. The phrase "gorge yourself on flesh" indicates the empire's aggressive expansion and the subjugation of other nations. This aligns with the biblical theme of God using empires to fulfill His purposes, as seen in other prophetic books like Isaiah and Jeremiah. The imagery of gorging on flesh underscores the empire's insatiable appetite for conquest and power.

Next, as I watched, suddenly another beast appeared.
This phrase introduces the third beast in Daniel's vision, following the lion and the bear. The sudden appearance signifies the rapid rise of this kingdom, which aligns with historical accounts of swift conquests. The vision is part of a series of prophetic revelations given to Daniel, which symbolize successive empires that would dominate the ancient world.

It was like a leopard,
The leopard is known for its speed and agility, characteristics that symbolize the rapid expansion of the empire represented by this beast. Historically, this is often associated with the Greek Empire under Alexander the Great, who swiftly conquered vast territories. The leopard's attributes highlight the military prowess and strategic efficiency of this kingdom.

and on its back it had four wings like those of a bird.
The four wings suggest an even greater speed and ability to cover large areas quickly, emphasizing the swift nature of the conquests. This can be seen in the historical context of Alexander's campaigns, which were unprecedented in their speed and reach. The wings also imply divine enablement or permission for such rapid expansion.

The beast also had four heads,
The four heads are commonly interpreted as representing the division of Alexander's empire after his death. His kingdom was split among his four generals: Cassander, Lysimachus, Seleucus, and Ptolemy. This division is a significant historical event that aligns with the prophetic imagery, indicating a fragmented yet powerful rule.

and it was given authority to rule.
The phrase indicates that the beast's dominion was not self-derived but granted, suggesting divine sovereignty over the rise and fall of empires. This aligns with the biblical theme that God is ultimately in control of human history. The authority given to this beast reflects the historical reality of the Greek Empire's dominance and its influence on subsequent cultures and societies.

After this, as I watched in my vision in the night
Daniel's vision occurs during the night, a time often associated with divine revelation and mystery in biblical literature. Night visions are significant in the Bible, as seen in Genesis 15:5 and Acts 16:9, where God communicates important messages. Daniel's role as a prophet is emphasized here, as he receives insight into future events through these visions.

suddenly a fourth beast appeared, and it was terrifying—dreadful and extremely strong
The fourth beast represents a powerful kingdom, often interpreted as the Roman Empire due to its unparalleled strength and influence in history. The description of the beast as "terrifying" and "dreadful" underscores the fearsome nature of this empire, which was known for its military prowess and expansive control. This aligns with the historical context of Rome's dominance and its impact on the ancient world.

with large iron teeth
The iron teeth symbolize the strength and destructive power of this kingdom. Iron, a strong and durable metal, is also mentioned in Daniel 2:40, where it represents the Roman Empire in Nebuchadnezzar's dream. The use of iron highlights the empire's ability to crush and dominate its enemies, reflecting its historical reputation for military might and efficiency.

It devoured and crushed; then it trampled underfoot whatever was left
This phrase illustrates the comprehensive and ruthless nature of the empire's conquests. The imagery of devouring and crushing suggests total domination and destruction, leaving nothing unscathed. Historically, the Roman Empire was known for its ability to assimilate and control vast territories, often leaving a lasting impact on the cultures it conquered.

It was different from all the beasts before it
The uniqueness of the fourth beast indicates a distinct nature compared to previous empires. This difference could refer to the Roman Empire's unprecedented reach and influence, as well as its complex political structure. Unlike the empires before it, Rome's governance and legal systems had a lasting influence on Western civilization, setting it apart in history.

and it had ten horns
The ten horns are often interpreted as ten kings or kingdoms that arise from this empire, as explained in Daniel 7:24. This imagery is echoed in Revelation 17:12, where ten kings receive authority for a short time. The horns symbolize power and authority, suggesting a division of power within the empire or a future coalition of rulers. This aspect of the vision points to the prophetic nature of Daniel's message, indicating events that extend beyond the immediate historical context.

While I was contemplating the horns
Daniel is reflecting on the vision of the four beasts, each representing a kingdom. The horns symbolize power and authority, often associated with kings or kingdoms in biblical prophecy (see Daniel 7:24). This contemplation indicates a deep, meditative consideration of the vision's meaning, suggesting the importance of divine revelation and understanding.

suddenly another horn, a little one, came up among them
The "little horn" represents a new, emerging power that initially seems insignificant. Historically, this has been interpreted as a reference to a future ruler or kingdom that rises unexpectedly. The sudden appearance emphasizes the element of surprise and the dynamic nature of political shifts in prophetic literature.

and three of the first horns were uprooted before it
This suggests a forceful displacement of existing powers, indicating a significant change in the political landscape. The uprooting of three horns implies the little horn's aggressive expansion and dominance. This can be seen as a fulfillment of prophecy where new powers overthrow established ones, reflecting the tumultuous nature of human history.

This horn had eyes like those of a man
The eyes symbolize intelligence, insight, and possibly surveillance, suggesting that this power possesses human-like wisdom or cunning. This anthropomorphic feature indicates a ruler with strategic vision and possibly deceitful intentions, aligning with descriptions of cunning leaders in other prophetic texts (e.g., Daniel 8:23).

and a mouth that spoke words of arrogance
The mouth speaking arrogantly points to blasphemy and pride, characteristics often associated with oppressive rulers in biblical prophecy. This aligns with descriptions of the Antichrist in the New Testament (e.g., 2 Thessalonians 2:4), who exalts himself above all. The emphasis on arrogance highlights the moral and spiritual corruption of this power.

As I continued to watch
This phrase indicates an ongoing vision experienced by Daniel. It suggests a continuous revelation, emphasizing the importance of the vision's unfolding events. Daniel's role as a prophet is highlighted here, as he is given insight into divine mysteries.

thrones were set in place
The mention of multiple thrones suggests a heavenly court setting, possibly indicating the presence of divine beings or angelic hosts. This imagery is reminiscent of other biblical passages that describe God's throne room, such as in Isaiah 6 and Revelation 4, where God's sovereignty and authority are emphasized.

and the Ancient of Days took His seat
The title "Ancient of Days" refers to God, emphasizing His eternal nature and wisdom. This imagery portrays God as the ultimate judge and ruler, seated in authority. The concept of God as the Ancient of Days is unique to Daniel and underscores His timeless existence and supreme power.

His clothing was white as snow
White clothing symbolizes purity, holiness, and righteousness. This description aligns with other biblical depictions of divine beings, such as in Revelation 1:14, where Christ is described similarly. The purity of God's character is a central theme throughout Scripture.

and the hair of His head was like pure wool
The imagery of wool further emphasizes purity and wisdom. In ancient cultures, white hair was often associated with age and wisdom, reinforcing the depiction of God as the all-knowing Ancient of Days. This description also connects to the portrayal of Christ in Revelation 1:14, suggesting a typology of Christ as divine.

His throne was flaming with fire
Fire is a common biblical symbol of God's presence, judgment, and holiness. It represents purification and the consuming nature of God's righteousness. This imagery is consistent with other biblical accounts, such as the burning bush in Exodus 3 and the fiery presence on Mount Sinai.

and its wheels were all ablaze
The wheels suggest movement and the omnipresence of God's throne, similar to the vision of Ezekiel 1, where the wheels signify God's ability to be everywhere and see everything. The blazing wheels emphasize the dynamic and active nature of God's rule and judgment.

A river of fire was flowing, coming out from His presence.
This imagery of a river of fire signifies divine judgment and purity. Fire often represents God's holiness and His ability to purify and judge (Isaiah 66:15-16, Malachi 3:2-3). The river flowing from God's presence suggests an unstoppable force of divine will and justice. In the context of Daniel's vision, it emphasizes the power and majesty of God as the ultimate judge. This imagery is echoed in Revelation 1:14-15, where Christ is described with eyes like a flame of fire, symbolizing His penetrating judgment.

Thousands upon thousands attended Him,
This phrase highlights the vast number of angelic beings serving God, emphasizing His supreme authority and the grandeur of His heavenly court. The presence of countless angels attending God is a common biblical theme, illustrating His majesty and the organized structure of the heavenly realm (Psalm 68:17, Hebrews 12:22). This scene reflects the heavenly worship and service that continually surrounds God, as seen in Revelation 5:11, where angels are described as numbering "thousands upon thousands."

and myriads upon myriads stood before Him.
The term "myriads" indicates an innumerable multitude, further emphasizing the vastness of those present before God. This multitude likely includes both angels and the redeemed, standing in awe and reverence before the divine throne. The imagery parallels Revelation 7:9, where a great multitude from every nation stands before the Lamb, signifying the universal scope of God's kingdom and the inclusivity of His salvation.

The court was convened,
This phrase introduces a formal judicial setting, where God presides as the ultimate judge. The convening of the court signifies the beginning of divine judgment, a theme prevalent throughout Scripture (Psalm 96:13, Acts 17:31). This scene underscores the accountability of all creation to God's righteous standards and the certainty of His justice being executed. The concept of a divine court is also seen in Job 1:6, where the "sons of God" present themselves before the Lord.

and the books were opened.
The opening of the books symbolizes the revelation of truth and the examination of deeds. In biblical literature, books often represent records of human actions and God's decrees (Exodus 32:32-33, Revelation 20:12). This imagery conveys the idea that nothing is hidden from God's sight and that all will be judged according to their works. The opening of the books signifies the transparency and thoroughness of divine judgment, ensuring that justice is served in accordance with God's perfect knowledge and righteousness.

Then I kept watching because of the arrogant words the horn was speaking.
This phrase highlights Daniel's attention to the "horn," which represents a powerful ruler or kingdom. The "arrogant words" suggest blasphemy or defiance against God, reminiscent of the Antichrist in eschatological interpretations. This connects to Revelation 13:5-6, where the beast speaks blasphemies. Historically, this could allude to rulers like Antiochus IV Epiphanes, known for his persecution of the Jews and desecration of the Temple. The persistence in watching indicates the importance of vigilance and discernment in understanding prophetic visions.

As I continued to watch, the beast was slain,
The "beast" symbolizes a kingdom or empire, often interpreted as a representation of oppressive regimes throughout history. The slaying of the beast signifies divine judgment and the ultimate triumph of God's sovereignty over evil. This echoes themes found in Revelation 19:20, where the beast is captured and defeated. The imagery of slaying underscores the finality and decisiveness of God's intervention in human history.

and its body was destroyed and thrown into the blazing fire.
The destruction and casting into the "blazing fire" symbolize complete and utter judgment. Fire is a common biblical motif for purification and judgment, as seen in passages like Matthew 25:41, where eternal fire is prepared for the devil and his angels. This imagery reinforces the idea of God's ultimate justice and the eradication of evil. The finality of the beast's destruction serves as a reassurance of God's control over history and the eventual establishment of His eternal kingdom.

As for the rest of the beasts
This phrase refers to the other beasts described earlier in Daniel 7, which symbolize various empires. In the vision, these beasts represent kingdoms that have risen and fallen throughout history. The beasts are symbolic of the empires of Babylon, Medo-Persia, Greece, and Rome. Each beast has distinct characteristics that align with the nature and influence of these historical empires.

their dominion was removed
This indicates that the power and authority of these empires were taken away. Historically, each of these empires experienced a decline and eventual fall, often due to internal corruption, external conquest, or divine intervention. This aligns with the biblical theme that God is sovereign over the rise and fall of nations, as seen in passages like Daniel 2:21, where God "removes kings and sets up kings."

but they were granted an extension of life
Despite losing their dominion, these empires continued to exist in some form. This can be understood as the cultural and political influences of these empires persisting even after their political power had waned. For example, the Greek culture continued to influence the Roman Empire and beyond, and elements of these ancient civilizations are still evident in modern societies.

for a season and a time
This phrase suggests a divinely appointed period during which these empires would continue to exist in a diminished capacity. The specific duration is not detailed, but it implies a limited and predetermined time frame. This reflects the biblical concept of God's control over history and time, as seen in Ecclesiastes 3:1, which states that there is "a time for every matter under heaven." The phrase also connects to prophetic literature, where time periods are often symbolic and point to God's ultimate plan for redemption and judgment.

In my vision in the night
Daniel's vision occurs at night, a common time for divine revelations in the Bible, symbolizing mystery and the unveiling of God's plans. Night visions are significant in biblical narratives, as seen in Genesis 46:2 and Acts 16:9, where God communicates important messages.

I continued to watch
This phrase indicates Daniel's attentiveness and persistence in observing the vision, emphasizing the importance of the revelation. It suggests a continuous unfolding of divine truth, similar to the persistent watchfulness encouraged in Matthew 24:42.

and I saw One like the Son of Man
The term "Son of Man" is a messianic title used extensively by Jesus in the Gospels (e.g., Matthew 8:20, Mark 2:10). It signifies both humanity and divinity, pointing to Jesus as the representative of mankind and the divine Messiah. This vision foreshadows the New Testament revelation of Christ.

coming with the clouds of heaven
Clouds often symbolize divine presence and glory in Scripture, as seen in Exodus 13:21 and Revelation 1:7. This imagery connects to the Second Coming of Christ, where He returns in glory and power, fulfilling prophecies of His ultimate reign.

He approached the Ancient of Days
The "Ancient of Days" represents God the Father, emphasizing His eternal nature and sovereign authority. This scene depicts the Son of Man's access to divine authority, paralleling the relationship between Jesus and the Father in John 17:5.

and was led into His presence
This indicates a formal introduction or presentation, suggesting the conferral of authority and honor. It reflects the heavenly enthronement of Christ, as described in Philippians 2:9-11, where Jesus is exalted and given a name above every name.

And He was given dominion, glory, and kingship
This phrase indicates the bestowal of authority and honor upon a figure, often interpreted as the Messiah. In the context of Daniel 7, this is a vision of the "Son of Man" receiving authority from the "Ancient of Days," symbolizing God. The terms "dominion," "glory," and "kingship" suggest a comprehensive rule, reflecting the divine authority and majesty. This echoes the messianic prophecies found in Isaiah 9:6-7, where the government is upon the shoulders of the prophesied child, and in Psalm 2:6-8, where God sets His King on Zion and grants Him the nations as an inheritance.

that the people of every nation and language should serve Him
This phrase emphasizes the universal scope of the Messiah's reign, transcending ethnic, cultural, and linguistic barriers. It reflects the fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham that all nations would be blessed through his seed (Genesis 12:3). The vision anticipates the Great Commission in Matthew 28:19, where Jesus commands His disciples to make disciples of all nations. It also aligns with Revelation 7:9, where a multitude from every nation, tribe, people, and language stands before the throne, serving God.

His dominion is an everlasting dominion that will not pass away
The everlasting nature of this dominion contrasts with the temporary and often oppressive reigns of earthly kingdoms, as depicted earlier in Daniel 7 with the four beasts representing successive empires. This eternal dominion is a key theme in biblical prophecy, highlighting the ultimate victory and unending reign of the Messiah. It resonates with the promise in 2 Samuel 7:16, where God assures David that his throne will be established forever, pointing to the eternal reign of Christ.

and His kingdom is one that will never be destroyed
This phrase underscores the indestructible nature of the Messiah's kingdom, offering hope and assurance to believers. In the historical context of Daniel, this would have been particularly comforting to the Jewish people under foreign domination. The indestructibility of this kingdom is further affirmed in Hebrews 12:28, which speaks of receiving a kingdom that cannot be shaken. It also connects to the prophecy in Daniel 2:44, where God's kingdom is described as one that will crush all other kingdoms and stand forever.

I, Daniel, was grieved in my spirit
Daniel, a prophet and statesman in the Babylonian and Medo-Persian empires, experiences deep emotional distress. This phrase indicates a personal and internal struggle, reflecting the weight of the visions he received. The term "spirit" suggests an inner turmoil that goes beyond mere mental discomfort, indicating a profound spiritual disturbance. This aligns with other biblical figures who experienced similar distress when confronted with divine revelations, such as Ezekiel (Ezekiel 3:14-15) and John in Revelation (Revelation 1:17).

and the visions in my mind alarmed me.
The visions Daniel received were not only spiritually unsettling but also mentally alarming. The term "visions" refers to the symbolic and prophetic imagery shown to Daniel, which included beasts and heavenly courts, representing future kingdoms and divine judgment. This alarm is understandable given the apocalyptic nature of the visions, which reveal the rise and fall of empires and the ultimate establishment of God's kingdom. The phrase "in my mind" suggests that these visions were vivid and clear, impacting Daniel's understanding and perception. This experience is similar to other prophetic visions in the Bible, such as those given to Isaiah (Isaiah 6) and John (Revelation 4-5), which also contain elements of divine majesty and judgment.

I approached one of those who were standing there
Daniel, in his vision, takes the initiative to seek understanding. This reflects a common biblical theme where individuals seek divine insight (e.g., Joseph in Genesis 40:8). The "one of those who were standing there" likely refers to an angelic being, as angels often serve as messengers and interpreters of visions in Scripture (e.g., Gabriel in Daniel 8:16). This setting emphasizes the heavenly court, a common motif in apocalyptic literature, where divine decrees are issued and explained.

and I asked him the true meaning of all this
Daniel's inquiry highlights the importance of seeking wisdom and understanding, a theme prevalent in the wisdom literature of the Bible (e.g., Proverbs 2:3-5). The phrase "true meaning" suggests that the vision has a deeper, spiritual significance beyond its surface imagery. This reflects the biblical principle that God's revelations often require interpretation (e.g., Jesus explaining parables in Matthew 13:36-43).

So he told me the interpretation of these things
The response to Daniel's question underscores the role of divine revelation in understanding God's plans. The interpretation provided by the angel is authoritative, as it comes from a heavenly source. This mirrors other instances in Scripture where God provides clarity through His messengers (e.g., the interpretation of Nebuchadnezzar's dream in Daniel 2:36-45). The phrase "these things" refers to the symbolic elements of the vision, which are often prophetic, pointing to future events and the ultimate triumph of God's kingdom.

These four great beasts
The imagery of beasts in Daniel 7 is symbolic, representing kingdoms or empires. This vision parallels the dream in Daniel 2, where different metals represented successive empires. The beasts are described in detail earlier in the chapter, each with distinct characteristics, symbolizing the nature and power of the empires they represent. The use of beasts suggests ferocity and dominance, common traits of ancient empires.

are four kings
In biblical prophecy, "kings" often represent kingdoms or empires rather than individual rulers. The four kings here are generally understood to symbolize four major empires that have significant roles in biblical history. These are traditionally identified as Babylon, Medo-Persia, Greece, and Rome. Each of these empires had a profound impact on the history of Israel and the broader ancient Near East.

who will arise
The phrase indicates a future perspective from Daniel's time, suggesting that these empires would come into power sequentially. This aligns with the historical rise of these empires, each succeeding the other in dominance over the region. The prophetic nature of this statement underscores the sovereignty of God in the unfolding of history.

from the earth
This phrase emphasizes the earthly origin of these kingdoms, contrasting with the divine kingdom that is described later in the chapter. The earth is often used in scripture to denote the temporal and transient nature of human power, in contrast to the eternal and unshakable kingdom of God. This sets the stage for the ultimate triumph of God's kingdom over earthly powers.

But the saints of the Most High
The term "saints" refers to those set apart for God's purposes, often understood as the faithful believers. In the Old Testament context, this would primarily refer to the people of Israel, but in a broader theological sense, it includes all who are faithful to God. The "Most High" is a title for God, emphasizing His supreme authority and sovereignty over all creation. This phrase indicates a special relationship between God and His people, highlighting their role in His divine plan.

will receive the kingdom
This phrase suggests a future event where the faithful will be granted authority and dominion. In the context of Daniel, this is a prophetic vision of the end times when God's kingdom will be established on earth. The idea of receiving the kingdom implies a gift or inheritance, aligning with New Testament teachings where believers are co-heirs with Christ (Romans 8:17). This also connects to the promise of a messianic kingdom, a central theme in both Jewish and Christian eschatology.

and possess it forever
The concept of possessing the kingdom "forever" underscores the eternal nature of God's promise. Unlike earthly kingdoms, which rise and fall, the kingdom given to the saints is everlasting. This eternal possession is a fulfillment of God's covenant promises, such as those made to Abraham and David, where God assured an everlasting kingdom (2 Samuel 7:16). It reflects the ultimate victory of God's people over evil and the establishment of divine justice.

yes, forever and ever.
The repetition of "forever and ever" emphasizes the unending duration of this kingdom. It serves to reassure the faithful of the certainty and permanence of God's promise. This eternal perspective is a common theme in apocalyptic literature, offering hope and encouragement to believers facing persecution or trials. It also points to the ultimate consummation of history, where God's reign is fully realized, and His people dwell with Him eternally, as seen in Revelation 21:3-4.

Then I wanted to know the true meaning of the fourth beast
Daniel's desire to understand the fourth beast reflects the human quest for understanding divine mysteries. The fourth beast represents a kingdom distinct from the previous ones, often interpreted as the Roman Empire. This empire's unique characteristics and its role in biblical prophecy make it a focal point for eschatological studies. The quest for understanding also mirrors the broader biblical theme of seeking wisdom and revelation from God, as seen in James 1:5.

which was different from all the others—extremely terrifying
The distinct nature of the fourth beast highlights its unprecedented power and influence. Unlike the previous empires symbolized by the other beasts, this one is described as "extremely terrifying," indicating its formidable strength and capacity for destruction. This aligns with historical accounts of the Roman Empire's military prowess and its impact on the ancient world. The terrifying aspect also points to the spiritual and moral implications of unchecked power, as seen in the warnings against oppressive rulers throughout Scripture, such as in Isaiah 10:1-3.

devouring and crushing with iron teeth and bronze claws
The imagery of iron teeth and bronze claws suggests a combination of strength and durability, characteristics associated with the Roman Empire's military and political dominance. Iron and bronze are materials often used in biblical symbolism to denote strength and judgment, as seen in the statue of Nebuchadnezzar's dream in Daniel 2. The devouring and crushing actions of the beast symbolize the empire's aggressive expansion and subjugation of other nations, reflecting the historical reality of Rome's conquests.

then trampling underfoot whatever was left
This phrase emphasizes the totality of the beast's destruction and its disregard for anything that remains. The trampling underfoot signifies complete domination and the obliteration of resistance, a theme echoed in the prophetic literature concerning the fate of nations that oppose God's purposes. This imagery also foreshadows the ultimate defeat of oppressive powers in the eschatological vision of God's kingdom, as seen in Revelation 19:11-21, where Christ triumphs over the forces of evil.

I also wanted to know about the ten horns on its head
The ten horns represent ten kings or kingdoms that arise from the fourth beast, which is often interpreted as the Roman Empire. This imagery of horns as symbols of power and authority is consistent with other biblical passages, such as Revelation 17:12, where horns also symbolize kings. The number ten may signify completeness or a full set of rulers within this empire.

and the other horn that came up
This other horn is often identified as a future ruler or power that emerges after the initial ten. In prophetic literature, such as in Daniel and Revelation, horns often symbolize leaders or kingdoms. This horn's emergence suggests a shift in power dynamics, indicating a new, significant force that disrupts the established order.

before which three of them fell
The phrase indicates that three of the original ten horns (kings or kingdoms) are subdued or overthrown by the new horn. This suggests a consolidation of power and a significant change in the political landscape. Historically, this could be seen as a reference to the rise of a dominant leader who eliminates rivals to establish control.

the horn whose appearance was more imposing than the others
This horn is described as more imposing, indicating its greater power or influence compared to the others. This could symbolize a particularly charismatic or forceful leader. The imposing nature of this horn suggests it has a significant impact on the world stage, aligning with descriptions of the Antichrist in eschatological interpretations.

with eyes and with a mouth that spoke words of arrogance
The eyes suggest intelligence or insight, while the mouth speaking arrogantly indicates blasphemy or prideful declarations against God. This description aligns with the characteristics of the "man of lawlessness" in 2 Thessalonians 2:3-4, who exalts himself above all that is called God. The imagery underscores the horn's defiance and opposition to divine authority, a common theme in apocalyptic literature.

As I watched
This phrase indicates Daniel's active engagement and attention to the vision he is receiving. Daniel is a prophet who receives divine revelations, and his role as a seer is crucial in understanding the unfolding of God's plan. The act of watching suggests vigilance and the importance of being spiritually alert, a theme echoed in other scriptures such as Matthew 24:42, where believers are urged to "keep watch" for the coming of the Lord.

this horn
The "horn" is a symbol of power and authority, often used in biblical prophecy to represent kings or kingdoms. In the context of Daniel 7, the horn is part of the fourth beast, which is generally interpreted as a representation of a future oppressive regime or ruler. This imagery is consistent with other prophetic literature, such as Revelation 13, where horns symbolize the power of the beast. The horn's emergence and actions are significant in the eschatological timeline, pointing to a period of intense persecution.

was waging war against the saints
The phrase "waging war" indicates active hostility and aggression. The "saints" refer to the holy people of God, often understood as those who are faithful to God's covenant. This conflict is not merely physical but also spiritual, reflecting the ongoing battle between good and evil. Historically, the persecution of God's people has been a recurring theme, seen in the oppression of the Israelites, the early Christian martyrs, and anticipated in future tribulations. This aligns with Ephesians 6:12, which speaks of the spiritual warfare against the forces of evil.

and prevailing against them
The notion of prevailing suggests a temporary victory of evil over the saints. This can be troubling, but it is important to understand it within the broader biblical narrative of ultimate redemption and victory through Christ. The temporary success of the horn is a test of faith and endurance for the saints, reminiscent of the trials faced by Job or the early church under Roman persecution. However, the ultimate triumph belongs to God, as seen in Revelation 19:11-21, where Christ returns to defeat the forces of evil. This phrase serves as a reminder of the need for perseverance and faith in God's ultimate justice and sovereignty.

until the Ancient of Days arrived
The "Ancient of Days" is a title for God, emphasizing His eternal nature and sovereign authority. This imagery is unique to the book of Daniel, appearing in Daniel 7:9, 13, and 22. The term suggests God's timeless existence and His role as the ultimate judge. In the context of Daniel 7, this arrival signifies a divine intervention in human history, where God steps in to assert His authority over earthly kingdoms. This concept is echoed in Revelation 1:8, where God is described as the Alpha and Omega, underscoring His eternal presence.

and pronounced judgment in favor of the saints of the Most High
The judgment in favor of the saints indicates a divine vindication of God's people. In the biblical narrative, the "saints" refer to those who are faithful to God, often facing persecution and suffering. This judgment is a reversal of fortunes, where the oppressed are justified and their oppressors are condemned. This theme of divine justice is prevalent throughout Scripture, as seen in Psalm 37:28 and Revelation 20:4, where God is portrayed as the defender and vindicator of His people.

and the time came for them to possess the kingdom
This phrase points to the eschatological hope of God's people inheriting the kingdom. In the context of Daniel, this is a prophetic vision of the ultimate triumph of God's kingdom over earthly powers. The "kingdom" here is not just a physical realm but represents the full realization of God's rule and reign. This promise is consistent with the New Testament teachings, such as in Matthew 5:5, where the meek are promised the inheritance of the earth, and in Revelation 11:15, where the kingdoms of the world become the kingdom of our Lord. This possession of the kingdom is a fulfillment of God's covenant promises and a central hope for believers.

This is what he said:
This phrase introduces the interpretation of Daniel's vision, emphasizing the authority and divine insight of the angelic messenger. It underscores the importance of the message that follows, as it is not merely Daniel's interpretation but a revelation from a heavenly being.

The fourth beast is a fourth kingdom that will appear on the earth:
The fourth beast represents a kingdom distinct from the previous three in Daniel's vision. Historically, this is often identified as the Roman Empire, known for its unprecedented power and influence. The phrase "will appear on the earth" suggests a future emergence from Daniel's perspective, highlighting the prophetic nature of the vision.

Different from all the other kingdoms:
This kingdom's uniqueness is emphasized, setting it apart from the Babylonian, Medo-Persian, and Greek empires. The Roman Empire's governance, military prowess, and legal systems were indeed distinct, influencing Western civilization profoundly. This difference also points to the spiritual and moral implications of its rule, often seen as more oppressive and destructive.

And it will devour the whole earth:
The imagery of devouring suggests conquest and domination. The Roman Empire's expansion was vast, covering Europe, North Africa, and parts of Asia. This phrase can also be seen as a metaphor for the empire's cultural and political influence, which permeated various aspects of life in the ancient world.

Trample it down, and crush it:
These actions indicate the empire's brutal and oppressive nature. Historically, Rome was known for its military might and the harsh treatment of conquered peoples. Theologically, this can be seen as a representation of the ultimate opposition to God's kingdom, foreshadowing the final conflict between good and evil. This imagery also connects to other prophetic scriptures, such as Revelation, where oppressive regimes are depicted as beasts.

And the ten horns are ten kings who will rise from this kingdom.
The ten horns symbolize ten kings or kingdoms that emerge from the fourth beast, which represents a powerful empire. This imagery is consistent with the apocalyptic literature found in the Book of Daniel, where beasts often symbolize empires or kingdoms. The number ten may not be literal but signifies completeness or a significant number of rulers. Historically, this has been associated with the Roman Empire, which was known for its vast reach and influence. The ten kings are seen as successive rulers or possibly contemporaneous leaders within this empire. This concept of ten kings is echoed in Revelation 17:12, where ten horns also represent ten kings who have not yet received a kingdom but will receive authority for a short time.

After them another king, different from the earlier ones, will rise and subdue three kings.
This phrase introduces a distinct ruler who emerges after the ten kings. This king is characterized by being different, suggesting a unique or unprecedented nature compared to the previous rulers. Historically, this has been interpreted as a reference to a powerful leader who would arise from the remnants of the Roman Empire, often associated with the Antichrist in Christian eschatology. The act of subduing three kings indicates a forceful consolidation of power, possibly through military conquest or political maneuvering. This aligns with the broader biblical theme of a final world ruler who opposes God and His people, as seen in 2 Thessalonians 2:3-4, where the "man of lawlessness" is described. The subduing of three kings may symbolize the overcoming of significant opposition, further establishing this ruler's dominance.

He will speak out against the Most High
This phrase refers to a figure who will blaspheme or challenge God, the "Most High." In the context of Daniel 7, this is often interpreted as a prophecy concerning a future ruler or antichrist figure who will oppose God. This echoes the rebellion seen in other parts of Scripture, such as in Isaiah 14:13-14, where Lucifer seeks to exalt himself above God. Historically, this has been associated with various oppressive rulers who have persecuted God's people.

and oppress the saints of the Most High
The "saints" are understood to be the faithful followers of God. This oppression suggests a period of persecution and suffering for believers. This aligns with the experiences of early Christians under Roman rule and is reminiscent of the trials faced by the Israelites in Egypt. It also foreshadows the tribulations described in Revelation 13:7, where the beast is given power to wage war against the saints.

intending to change the appointed times and laws
This phrase suggests an attempt to alter divinely established ordinances and religious practices. Historically, this could refer to rulers like Antiochus IV Epiphanes, who sought to impose Hellenistic culture and suppress Jewish customs. In a broader prophetic sense, it may indicate future attempts to undermine God's established order, as seen in 2 Thessalonians 2:3-4, where the man of lawlessness seeks to exalt himself.

and the saints will be given into his hand
This indicates a period where the saints will be under the control or influence of this oppressive figure. It suggests a divinely permitted time of testing, similar to the trials of Job or the Babylonian captivity. This aligns with the concept of God allowing His people to undergo trials for a greater purpose, as seen in Romans 8:28.

for a time, and times, and half a time
This cryptic phrase is often interpreted as a period of three and a half years, based on the symbolic use of "time" in prophetic literature. It is paralleled in Revelation 12:14, where the woman is protected for the same duration. This period is seen as a time of tribulation and testing, reflecting the limited but intense nature of the persecution faced by the saints.

But the court will convene
This phrase refers to a divine judgment scene, often interpreted as taking place in the heavenly realm. The "court" suggests a formal assembly of divine beings, possibly angels, presided over by God Himself. This imagery is consistent with other biblical passages that depict God as the ultimate judge (e.g., Psalm 82:1, Revelation 20:11-12). The convening of the court signifies the beginning of a decisive action against evil powers, reflecting the biblical theme of God's sovereignty and justice.

and his dominion will be taken away
The "his" in this phrase refers to the fourth beast described earlier in Daniel 7, often interpreted as a representation of a powerful, oppressive kingdom or ruler. Historically, this has been associated with the Roman Empire or a future antichrist figure. The removal of dominion indicates a transfer of power, emphasizing that earthly kingdoms are temporary and subject to God's ultimate authority. This aligns with the biblical narrative that God raises and deposes kings (Daniel 2:21).

and completely destroyed forever
This phrase underscores the finality and totality of God's judgment. The destruction is not partial or temporary but absolute and eternal. This reflects the eschatological hope found throughout Scripture, where evil is ultimately vanquished (Revelation 19:20, 20:10). The complete destruction of this dominion is a precursor to the establishment of God's everlasting kingdom, as prophesied in Daniel 2:44 and reaffirmed in the New Testament with the coming of Christ's eternal reign (Luke 1:33).

Then the sovereignty, dominion, and greatness of the kingdoms under all of heaven
This phrase indicates a transfer of power and authority. In the context of Daniel 7, it follows a vision of four beasts representing successive empires. The phrase suggests a culmination of earthly kingdoms being replaced by a divine kingdom. The "kingdoms under all of heaven" implies a universal scope, encompassing all earthly realms. This reflects the biblical theme of God's ultimate authority over all nations, as seen in Psalms 22:28 and Revelation 11:15, where God's reign is established over the earth.

will be given to the people, the saints of the Most High.
The "saints of the Most High" refers to God's faithful people, often understood as those who remain true to God amidst persecution. This transfer of power to the saints is a recurring theme in biblical prophecy, highlighting the eventual vindication and exaltation of God's people. It echoes the promises found in passages like Matthew 5:5, where the meek inherit the earth, and Revelation 20:4, where the faithful reign with Christ. This reflects the biblical principle that those who suffer for righteousness will ultimately be rewarded.

His kingdom will be an everlasting kingdom,
The everlasting nature of this kingdom contrasts with the temporary and often oppressive reigns of earthly empires. This eternal kingdom is a central theme in biblical prophecy, emphasizing God's unchanging sovereignty. It aligns with the promises made to David in 2 Samuel 7:16, where his throne is established forever, and is fulfilled in the New Testament through Jesus Christ, as seen in Luke 1:33. The eternal kingdom underscores the hope of a future where God's justice and peace prevail eternally.

and all rulers will serve and obey Him.
This phrase indicates a future where all earthly authorities recognize and submit to God's ultimate rule. It reflects the prophetic vision of universal acknowledgment of God's sovereignty, as seen in Philippians 2:10-11, where every knee bows to Christ. This submission of rulers is a reversal of the rebellion and pride often associated with human governance, as depicted in Psalm 2. It points to a time when God's righteous rule is fully realized, and all creation aligns with His will.

Thus ends the matter.
This phrase signifies the conclusion of Daniel's vision, which is a significant prophetic revelation concerning future kingdoms and the ultimate establishment of God's eternal kingdom. The phrase indicates a sense of finality and completeness, suggesting that what has been revealed is both comprehensive and authoritative. In biblical context, "the matter" refers to the vision of the four beasts and the Ancient of Days, which symbolizes God's sovereignty over human history.

As for me, Daniel,
Here, Daniel personalizes the account, emphasizing his role as the recipient of the vision. Daniel is a key figure in the Old Testament, known for his wisdom and faithfulness in exile. His personal involvement underscores the gravity of the vision and its impact on him. Daniel's experiences in Babylon, serving under various kings, provide him with a unique perspective on the rise and fall of empires, which is central to the vision.

my thoughts troubled me greatly,
Daniel's reaction to the vision is one of deep distress and concern. This reflects the overwhelming nature of the revelation, which includes terrifying images and profound implications for the future. The troubling thoughts may also stem from the vision's depiction of persecution and suffering for God's people, as well as the eventual triumph of God's kingdom. This emotional response highlights the seriousness of prophetic visions and their impact on the prophets who receive them.

and my face turned pale.
The physical reaction of turning pale indicates fear and anxiety, common responses to divine revelations in the Bible. This reaction underscores the intensity of the vision and its effect on Daniel's well-being. In the ancient Near Eastern context, such a physical response would be understood as a natural reaction to encountering the divine or receiving a message of great significance.

But I kept the matter to myself.”
Daniel's decision to keep the vision to himself suggests a period of contemplation and reflection. This may indicate the need for discernment and understanding before sharing the revelation with others. In the broader biblical narrative, there are instances where prophets are instructed to seal or keep certain revelations until the appointed time. This phrase also highlights the personal burden that prophetic insight can place on the prophet, as they grapple with the weight of divine messages.