And the boy Samuel
The Hebrew word for "boy" here is "na'ar," which can refer to a child or a young man. Samuel, though young, is already serving in a significant capacity. His youthfulness is a reminder of God's ability to use anyone, regardless of age, for His purposes. Samuel's early dedication to God sets a precedent for the importance of nurturing faith from a young age.

ministered to the LORD
The Hebrew verb "sharath" means to serve or minister. Samuel's service is not just to Eli, the priest, but directly to the LORD, indicating a personal relationship and dedication to God. This service is a precursor to his future role as a prophet and judge over Israel. It highlights the importance of faithful service in the small things as preparation for greater responsibilities.

before Eli
Eli, the high priest, serves as Samuel's mentor and spiritual guide. The phrase "before Eli" suggests that Samuel's ministry is under Eli's supervision and authority. This relationship underscores the biblical principle of mentorship and discipleship, where the older generation imparts wisdom and guidance to the younger.

Now in those days
This phrase sets the historical context, indicating a specific period in Israel's history. It was a time of spiritual decline and moral chaos, as described in the Book of Judges. The phrase serves as a backdrop to the narrative, highlighting the contrast between the prevailing spiritual darkness and the light of Samuel's emerging ministry.

the word of the LORD was rare
The Hebrew word for "rare" is "yaqar," meaning precious or scarce. During this period, divine communication was infrequent, indicating a time of spiritual drought. This scarcity of God's word reflects the nation's disobedience and the need for a faithful prophet like Samuel to restore communication between God and His people.

and visions were scarce
The Hebrew term for "visions" is "chazon," referring to divine revelations or prophetic insights. The scarcity of visions signifies a lack of prophetic guidance and direction for Israel. This absence underscores the critical role that prophets play in conveying God's will and the dire need for Samuel's forthcoming prophetic ministry.

And at that time
This phrase sets the stage for a significant moment in Israel's history. The period is marked by spiritual decline, as seen in the preceding chapters. The phrase indicates a transition, a divine intervention about to unfold. Historically, this was a time when prophetic visions were rare, and the word of the Lord was not frequently heard, highlighting the need for a new prophetic voice.

Eli
Eli was the high priest and judge of Israel at the time. His role was crucial, as he was responsible for the spiritual leadership of the nation. However, Eli's account is one of both faithfulness and failure. He served God for many years, but his inability to restrain his sons' wickedness led to God's judgment. Eli represents a fading era, and his character serves as a cautionary tale about the importance of spiritual vigilance and integrity.

whose eyesight had grown so dim
This phrase is both literal and metaphorical. Literally, Eli's physical eyesight was failing due to age, a common occurrence. Metaphorically, it symbolizes the spiritual blindness that had befallen Israel. Eli's dimming eyesight reflects his inability to perceive God's will and the moral decay within his own family. In a broader sense, it underscores the need for spiritual renewal and the coming of a new prophetic voice in Samuel.

that he could not see
The inability to see is a powerful metaphor for spiritual insight. In the Bible, sight often represents understanding and perception of God's truth. Eli's physical blindness parallels his spiritual condition and the state of Israel, which was in need of divine revelation. This sets the stage for Samuel, whose role as a prophet would bring new vision and direction to the people.

was lying in his room
Eli's position in his room suggests a state of rest or inactivity. It contrasts with the active calling that Samuel is about to receive. The room signifies a place of personal retreat, yet it also highlights Eli's detachment from the spiritual needs of Israel. This setting emphasizes the transition from Eli's waning influence to Samuel's rising prominence as God's chosen prophet.

Before the lamp of God had gone out
This phrase refers to the lampstand in the tabernacle, which was to burn from evening until morning as commanded in Exodus 27:20-21. The lamp symbolizes God's presence and guidance, illuminating the spiritual darkness. The timing "before the lamp of God had gone out" suggests the early morning hours, a time of transition from darkness to light, symbolizing the dawning of a new era in Israel's history through Samuel's prophetic ministry. Theologically, it underscores the continuity of God's presence and the hope of divine revelation even in times of spiritual decline.

Samuel was lying down
Samuel, a young boy dedicated to the Lord by his mother Hannah, was serving under Eli the priest. His lying down indicates a state of rest and readiness to receive God's message. In a spiritual sense, it reflects a posture of humility and openness to divine instruction. Samuel's physical position in the temple signifies his proximity to God's presence and his role as a future prophet who would bridge the period of the judges and the monarchy in Israel.

in the temple of the LORD
The "temple" here refers to the tabernacle at Shiloh, the central place of worship before the construction of Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem. This setting is significant as it was the dwelling place of God's presence among His people. Historically, the tabernacle was a portable sanctuary, symbolizing God's desire to dwell with His people. Samuel's presence in the temple highlights his consecration to God's service and foreshadows his pivotal role in Israel's spiritual renewal.

where the ark of God was located
The ark of God, also known as the Ark of the Covenant, was the most sacred object in the tabernacle, representing God's throne on earth and His covenant with Israel. It contained the tablets of the Law, Aaron's rod, and a pot of manna, signifying God's law, leadership, and provision. The ark's presence in the narrative emphasizes the gravity of the divine encounter Samuel is about to experience. It serves as a reminder of God's faithfulness and the centrality of His covenant in the life of Israel. Samuel's proximity to the ark underscores his future role as a mediator of God's word to the nation.

Then the LORD
The phrase "Then the LORD" signifies a divine intervention and a pivotal moment in the narrative. The Hebrew word for "LORD" here is "Yahweh," the covenant name of God, emphasizing His eternal, self-existent nature. This moment marks a significant transition in Israel's history, as God is about to establish Samuel as a prophet. Historically, this period was marked by a scarcity of prophetic visions, making this divine call even more profound.

called
The Hebrew word for "called" is "qara," which means to call out, proclaim, or summon. This is not a casual call but a purposeful and authoritative summons from God. In the context of ancient Israel, a divine call often signified a commissioning for a specific task or role. Samuel's call is reminiscent of other biblical figures like Moses and Isaiah, who were also called by God for significant purposes.

to Samuel
Samuel, whose name means "heard of God" or "asked of God," is a young boy serving in the temple under Eli's mentorship. His name itself is prophetic, as he becomes a pivotal figure in Israel's history, bridging the period of the judges and the establishment of the monarchy. Samuel's life is a testament to God's faithfulness in answering the prayers of his mother, Hannah, and His plans for Israel.

and he answered
The response "and he answered" indicates Samuel's readiness and attentiveness. The Hebrew word "anah" implies a response or reply, often with a sense of obedience or submission. Samuel's immediate response reflects his willingness to serve and his openness to divine communication, setting an example of how believers should respond to God's call.

Here I am
This phrase, "Here I am," is translated from the Hebrew "hineni," a term expressing availability and readiness. It is a declaration of presence and willingness to listen and obey. This response is echoed by other biblical figures like Abraham and Isaiah, who also responded to God's call with "Here I am," signifying their readiness to fulfill God's will. Samuel's response highlights the importance of being attentive and responsive to God's voice in our lives.

He ran to Eli
The phrase "He ran" indicates Samuel's immediate and eager response to what he believed was a call from Eli. The Hebrew root for "ran" is "רוץ" (ruts), which conveys urgency and readiness. This reflects Samuel's obedient and servant-hearted nature, a characteristic that is essential for those called to serve God. Historically, Samuel was a young boy serving in the temple under Eli's mentorship, and his quick response shows his respect and dedication to his duties.

and said, 'Here I am, for you called me.'
"Here I am" is a phrase that denotes readiness and availability. In Hebrew, "הנני" (hineni) is often used by individuals in the Bible when responding to God's call, such as Abraham and Moses. This phrase signifies Samuel's willingness to serve and his attentiveness to Eli's needs. The historical context here is significant, as Samuel was living in a time when the word of the Lord was rare, and visions were infrequent (1 Samuel 3:1). His response shows his openness to divine communication, even though he initially mistook it for Eli's voice.

But Eli said, 'I did not call; go back and lie down.'
Eli's response, "I did not call," reflects his initial misunderstanding of the situation. Eli, being advanced in years and having dim vision, might not have immediately recognized the significance of Samuel's experience. The instruction to "go back and lie down" suggests a return to rest, but it also sets the stage for Samuel's continued encounters with God's call. This moment highlights the theme of discernment and the need for spiritual mentors to guide the young in recognizing God's voice.

So he went and lay down
Samuel's obedience is again emphasized as he "went and lay down." This action demonstrates his respect for Eli's authority and his willingness to follow instructions, even when he might have been confused or curious about the voice he heard. The historical and scriptural context here underscores the importance of patience and trust in God's timing. Samuel's repeated return to his place of rest symbolizes a posture of waiting and readiness to hear from God, which is a vital lesson for believers seeking to discern God's voice in their own lives.

Once again the LORD called
The phrase "Once again" indicates repetition and persistence. In Hebrew, the word for "called" is "קָרָא" (qara), which means to call out or proclaim. This highlights God's persistent effort to reach Samuel, emphasizing His desire for communication and relationship. Historically, this persistence reflects God's consistent nature in seeking out His chosen ones, as seen throughout the Old Testament.

Samuel!
The direct address of "Samuel" signifies a personal call. The name Samuel in Hebrew, "שְׁמוּאֵל" (Shemuel), means "heard by God" or "name of God." This is significant as it underscores the divine purpose and destiny that God has for Samuel. The personal nature of the call reflects God's intimate knowledge and plan for each individual, a theme prevalent in the biblical narrative.

So Samuel got up
The action of "got up" demonstrates Samuel's readiness and willingness to respond. In the Hebrew context, rising up often signifies preparation for action or obedience. Samuel's immediate response is indicative of his character and foreshadows his future role as a prophet who is attentive to God's voice.

went to Eli
Samuel's decision to go to Eli shows his respect and obedience to his mentor. Eli, the high priest, represents the established religious order. Samuel's deference to Eli highlights the importance of mentorship and guidance in spiritual growth. This action also sets the stage for the transition of spiritual leadership from Eli to Samuel.

and said, 'Here I am, for you have called me.'
The phrase "Here I am" is a common biblical response to a divine call, seen in figures like Abraham and Moses. It signifies readiness and availability. Samuel's assumption that Eli called him reflects his innocence and the nascent stage of his prophetic journey. This moment is pivotal as it marks the beginning of Samuel's direct encounters with God.

'My son, I did not call,'
Eli's response, "My son," is tender and paternal, indicating a close relationship. The denial, "I did not call," suggests Eli's initial unawareness of God's direct intervention. This interaction underscores the theme of spiritual discernment and the need for guidance in recognizing God's voice.

'Go back and lie down.'
Eli's instruction to "Go back and lie down" is practical, yet it also symbolizes a return to a place of rest and receptivity. In the biblical context, lying down often represents a state of openness to divine revelation, as seen in dreams and visions. This advice prepares Samuel for his eventual recognition of God's call, highlighting the importance of patience and readiness in spiritual matters.

Now Samuel
The introduction of Samuel in this verse is significant. Samuel, whose name means "heard of God" in Hebrew, is a pivotal figure in Israel's history. He is a bridge between the period of the judges and the establishment of the monarchy. At this point in the narrative, Samuel is a young boy serving in the temple under Eli's guidance. His youth and inexperience highlight the purity and potential for divine revelation, setting the stage for his future role as a prophet.

did not yet know
The phrase "did not yet know" indicates a lack of experiential knowledge or intimate relationship. In Hebrew, the word "yada" is used, which often implies a deep, personal understanding. This suggests that Samuel had not yet had a personal encounter with God, which is essential for his prophetic calling. It underscores the idea that knowing God is not merely intellectual but relational and experiential.

the LORD
The use of "the LORD" refers to Yahweh, the covenant name of God, emphasizing His personal and relational nature. This name is significant in the context of Israel's history, as it reminds the reader of God's faithfulness and His desire for a relationship with His people. Samuel's journey to knowing the LORD is a reflection of God's initiative in revealing Himself to humanity.

because the word of the LORD
The "word of the LORD" is a phrase that signifies divine communication. In the Hebrew context, "dabar" (word) is not just a spoken message but an active and powerful force that accomplishes God's purposes. This highlights the importance of divine revelation in understanding and knowing God. It is through His word that God makes Himself known and guides His people.

had not yet been revealed
The concept of revelation is central to this passage. The Hebrew word "galah" means to uncover or disclose. This implies that divine revelation is an act of God, where He chooses to make Himself known to individuals. The fact that it "had not yet been revealed" to Samuel indicates that God's timing and initiative are crucial in the process of revelation. It also points to the anticipation of God's future action in Samuel's life.

to him
The personal nature of this phrase emphasizes that God's revelation is directed to individuals. It is a reminder that God seeks a personal relationship with each person, and His communication is tailored to the individual's context and calling. For Samuel, this personal revelation would mark the beginning of his prophetic ministry and his role as a leader in Israel.

A third time
The phrase "A third time" signifies persistence and divine patience. In Hebrew culture, the number three often symbolizes completeness or perfection. This repetition underscores God's determination to communicate with Samuel, highlighting the importance of the message and the calling. It also reflects God's grace, as He patiently calls Samuel multiple times, allowing him to recognize the divine voice.

the LORD called Samuel
The Hebrew word for "called" is "קָרָא" (qara), which means to call out, proclaim, or summon. This is not merely a casual call but a divine summons, indicating a significant moment in Samuel's life. The use of "the LORD" (Yahweh) emphasizes the personal and covenantal nature of God’s relationship with His people. This calling marks the beginning of Samuel's prophetic ministry, showing that God initiates and establishes His servants.

And Samuel got up
Samuel's response, "got up," indicates readiness and obedience. Despite not yet understanding the source of the call, Samuel's willingness to rise and respond reflects his servant heart and faithfulness. This action is a model of how believers should respond to God's call—promptly and with a willing spirit.

went to Eli
The act of going to Eli demonstrates Samuel's respect and submission to his mentor. Eli, as the high priest, represents spiritual authority, and Samuel's deference to him shows humility and a teachable spirit. This relationship between Samuel and Eli is crucial, as it sets the stage for Samuel's development and eventual leadership.

and said, 'Here I am, for you have called me.'
The phrase "Here I am" is a declaration of availability and readiness to serve. In Hebrew, "הִנֵּנִי" (hineni) is often used by those who are prepared to listen and obey God's instructions. Samuel's assumption that Eli called him reflects his innocence and the process of learning to discern God's voice. This phrase is a powerful reminder for believers to be attentive and responsive to God's call in their lives.

Then Eli realized
Eli's realization marks a turning point in the narrative. The Hebrew root "בִּין" (bin) means to understand or perceive. Eli's spiritual insight, though delayed, is crucial for guiding Samuel. This moment of recognition is significant, as it shows the importance of spiritual discernment and mentorship in recognizing God's work.

that it was the LORD who was calling the boy
The identification of "the LORD" as the caller affirms the divine nature of the encounter. The term "the boy" emphasizes Samuel's youth and the extraordinary nature of his calling. This acknowledgment by Eli is pivotal, as it transitions Samuel from a servant of Eli to a servant of God. It highlights the theme of divine election and the unfolding of God's plan through chosen individuals, regardless of their age or status.

So Eli told Samuel
Eli, the high priest, plays a crucial role as a mentor to young Samuel. The Hebrew root for "told" (אָמַר, 'amar) implies a directive or command, indicating Eli's authority and responsibility in guiding Samuel. Historically, Eli's guidance reflects the importance of spiritual mentorship in Israelite culture, where elders impart wisdom to the younger generation.

Go and lie down
This phrase suggests a return to a state of rest and readiness. The Hebrew word for "lie down" (שָׁכַב, shakab) often implies a position of receptivity and humility. In the context of the tabernacle, it signifies Samuel's readiness to receive divine communication, highlighting the importance of being spiritually prepared to hear God's voice.

and if He calls you
The conditional "if" introduces the possibility of divine interaction. The Hebrew root for "calls" (קָרָא, qara) is often used in the context of God summoning individuals for a specific purpose. This reflects the biblical theme of God's initiative in reaching out to humanity, emphasizing His sovereignty and the personal nature of His call.

say, ‘Speak, LORD
The instruction to say "Speak, LORD" underscores the act of inviting God to communicate. The Hebrew word for "speak" (דָּבַר, dabar) conveys the power and authority of God's word. By addressing God as "LORD" (יְהוָה, Yahweh), Samuel acknowledges His covenantal relationship with Israel, recognizing His supreme authority and faithfulness.

for Your servant is listening
This phrase reflects a posture of humility and attentiveness. The Hebrew word for "servant" (עֶבֶד, ebed) denotes one who is devoted and obedient, highlighting Samuel's willingness to serve God. "Listening" (שָׁמַע, shama) implies not just hearing, but understanding and obeying. This readiness to listen and respond is a model of faithful discipleship, emphasizing the importance of being attentive to God's voice in our lives.

So Samuel went and lay down in his place
Samuel's obedience to Eli's instruction is immediate and complete. The repetition of "lay down" reinforces his readiness to receive God's message. "In his place" suggests a return to his designated position, symbolizing the importance of being where God has placed us to fulfill His purposes. This act of obedience and readiness is a testament to Samuel's growing faith and trust in God's plan for his life.

Then the LORD came
The phrase "Then the LORD came" signifies a divine visitation, a moment when God Himself intervenes in human history. In Hebrew, the word for "LORD" is "Yahweh," the covenant name of God, emphasizing His eternal presence and faithfulness. This moment is pivotal, as it marks a transition from the period of the judges to the establishment of prophetic leadership in Israel. Theologically, it underscores God's initiative in reaching out to humanity, a theme consistent throughout Scripture.

and stood there
The imagery of the LORD standing suggests a tangible presence, a theophany where God manifests Himself in a perceivable way. This is not merely a vision or a dream; it is a real encounter. The Hebrew root "natsab" conveys the idea of standing firm or taking a position, indicating God's readiness to communicate and act. Historically, such divine appearances were rare and significant, often heralding a new phase in God's redemptive plan.

calling as at the other times
This phrase highlights God's persistence and patience. The repetition of His call to Samuel demonstrates God's desire for a relationship and His willingness to wait for a response. The Hebrew verb "qara" means to call out or proclaim, suggesting an invitation to dialogue. This reflects God's character as one who seeks to engage with His people, inviting them into His purposes.

'Samuel! Samuel!'
The repetition of Samuel's name is a Hebraic expression of intimacy and urgency. In biblical narratives, the doubling of a name often precedes a significant revelation or mission (e.g., "Moses, Moses" in Exodus 3:4). It indicates God's personal knowledge of and care for Samuel, affirming his role in God's plan. This moment marks Samuel's transition from a boy serving in the temple to a prophet of the LORD.

And Samuel answered
Samuel's response is immediate, indicating his readiness and willingness to listen. The Hebrew root "anah" means to answer or respond, suggesting an active engagement with God's call. This is a model of obedience and attentiveness, qualities that define Samuel's prophetic ministry. It serves as an example for believers to be responsive to God's voice in their lives.

'Speak, for Your servant is listening.'
Samuel's words reflect humility and submission. The term "servant" (Hebrew "ebed") denotes one who is devoted to serving another, highlighting Samuel's recognition of God's authority. The act of listening (Hebrew "shama") implies not just hearing but understanding and obeying. This posture of receptivity is essential for anyone seeking to discern God's will. It is a reminder that true service to God begins with a heart that is open and attentive to His voice.

Then the LORD said to Samuel
This phrase marks a pivotal moment in the life of Samuel, a young boy serving in the temple under Eli. The Hebrew word for "LORD" here is "Yahweh," the covenant name of God, emphasizing His eternal and unchanging nature. This divine communication signifies the beginning of Samuel's prophetic ministry. Historically, this is a time when prophetic visions were rare, and the word of the LORD was not frequently heard (1 Samuel 3:1). The direct communication from God to Samuel underscores the importance of the message and the role Samuel will play in Israel's history.

Behold
The Hebrew word "hinneh" is used here, which is often translated as "behold" or "look." It serves as an attention-grabbing device, indicating that what follows is of great significance. In the biblical narrative, "behold" is frequently used to introduce divine revelations or important events. It calls the listener or reader to pay close attention, as God is about to reveal something momentous.

I am about to do something in Israel
This phrase indicates God's active involvement in the affairs of Israel. The Hebrew verb "asah" (to do or make) suggests intentionality and purpose. God is not passive; He is orchestrating events according to His divine plan. The context here is crucial, as Israel is in a period of moral and spiritual decline, and God's intervention is necessary to bring about change. This statement foreshadows the significant events that will unfold, including the judgment on Eli's house and the rise of Samuel as a prophet.

that will cause the ears of everyone who hears it to tingle
The phrase "ears...to tingle" is a Hebrew idiom that conveys shock or astonishment. The word "tingle" (Hebrew "tsalal") suggests a physical reaction to startling news. This expression is used elsewhere in the Old Testament (e.g., 2 Kings 21:12, Jeremiah 19:3) to describe the impact of God's judgment. The use of this idiom indicates that the forthcoming events will be unprecedented and will have a profound impact on the nation. It serves as a warning and a call to repentance, highlighting the seriousness of God's message and the need for Israel to heed His word.

On that day
This phrase signifies a specific, divinely appointed time when God's judgment will be executed. In the Hebrew context, "day" (יוֹם, yom) often represents a period of time marked by significant events. Here, it underscores the certainty and imminence of God's action. Theologically, it reminds us of God's sovereignty and the fulfillment of His promises, both of blessing and judgment.

I will carry out
The Hebrew verb used here, עָשָׂה (asah), means to do, make, or execute. It conveys the idea of God actively bringing His word to fruition. This emphasizes God's role as the ultimate executor of justice, highlighting His faithfulness to His word and His active involvement in the affairs of humanity.

against Eli
Eli, the high priest, represents a leadership that has failed to uphold God's standards. Historically, Eli's sons were corrupt, and Eli's failure to restrain them led to this divine pronouncement. This phrase serves as a sobering reminder of the responsibility of spiritual leaders and the consequences of neglecting God's commands.

everything I have spoken
This phrase underscores the completeness and totality of God's judgment. The Hebrew word דָּבָר (dabar) for "spoken" indicates a word, matter, or thing. It reflects the power and authority of God's word, which does not return void but accomplishes what it is sent to do (Isaiah 55:11).

about his family
The focus on Eli's family highlights the communal and generational impact of sin. In the ancient Near Eastern context, family lineage was crucial, and the actions of one member could affect the entire household. This serves as a warning about the far-reaching consequences of disobedience to God.

from beginning to end
This phrase, in Hebrew מִתְּחִלָּה וְעַד־סוֹף (mit'chillah v'ad sof), indicates the thoroughness and inevitability of God's judgment. It suggests a comprehensive fulfillment of God's word, leaving nothing undone. This reflects God's omniscience and His ability to see the end from the beginning, ensuring that His purposes are fully accomplished.

I told him
This phrase indicates a direct communication from God to Eli, the high priest. The Hebrew root here is "נָגַד" (nagad), meaning to declare or make known. This emphasizes the clarity and authority of God's message. In the context of ancient Israel, God often communicated through prophets or direct revelation, underscoring the seriousness of the message being delivered.

that I would judge
The Hebrew word for "judge" is "שָׁפַט" (shaphat), which means to govern or to pass judgment. This reflects God's role as the ultimate judge who holds individuals and nations accountable. In the historical context, judges were leaders who delivered Israel from oppression, but here it signifies divine judgment against Eli's household.

his house forever
The term "house" (בַּיִת, bayit) refers to Eli's family or lineage. The use of "forever" (עוֹלָם, olam) indicates a perpetual judgment, highlighting the severity of the consequences of Eli's failure. This reflects the biblical principle that the sins of leaders can have lasting impacts on their descendants.

for the iniquity he knew about
"Iniquity" (עָוֹן, avon) refers to moral perversity or sin. The phrase underscores Eli's awareness of his sons' sins, which he failed to address. This highlights a key biblical theme: the responsibility of leaders to confront sin within their sphere of influence.

because his sons defiled themselves
The word "defiled" (מָקַל, qalal) means to treat something sacred with contempt. Eli's sons, Hophni and Phinehas, were priests who desecrated their office by their actions. This reflects the historical context of priestly duties and the sacredness of their role in Israelite worship.

and he did not restrain them
The Hebrew root "כָּהָה" (kahah) means to weaken or fail to correct. Eli's failure to restrain his sons is a critical point of judgment. This highlights the biblical principle of parental and spiritual responsibility, emphasizing the need for discipline and correction within the family and community of faith.

Therefore I have sworn
This phrase indicates a divine oath, underscoring the seriousness and irrevocability of God's pronouncement. In the Hebrew context, an oath from God is a solemn declaration that is unchangeable. The use of "sworn" (שָׁבַע, shaba) reflects a binding commitment, emphasizing the certainty of the forthcoming judgment. This highlights the gravity of Eli's family's sin and God's unwavering justice.

to the house of Eli
The "house of Eli" refers to Eli's lineage, specifically his descendants who were serving as priests. Historically, Eli was the high priest and judge of Israel, and his family was entrusted with the sacred duties of the priesthood. The mention of his "house" signifies not just his immediate family but his entire priestly line, which was expected to uphold the sanctity of their office.

The iniquity of Eli’s house
"Iniquity" (עָוֹן, avon) denotes a deep moral failing or sin, often implying a perverse or twisted nature. The iniquity here refers to the sins of Eli's sons, Hophni and Phinehas, who were corrupting the priesthood by their immoral actions. This phrase highlights the severity of their transgressions, which were not just personal failings but violations that defiled the sacred duties of their office.

shall never be atoned for
The concept of atonement (כָּפַר, kaphar) involves covering or cleansing sin, typically through sacrifice. The declaration that their iniquity "shall never be atoned for" signifies a point of no return, where the opportunity for reconciliation with God through traditional means is no longer available. This underscores the idea that persistent, unrepentant sin can lead to irrevocable consequences.

by sacrifice or offering
Sacrifices and offerings were central to the Old Testament system of worship and atonement. They were the means by which the Israelites sought forgiveness and maintained their covenant relationship with God. The exclusion of these means for Eli's house indicates the severity of their sin and the divine judgment that has been pronounced. It serves as a sobering reminder of the limits of ritual without genuine repentance and obedience.

Samuel lay down until the morning
The phrase begins with "Samuel," a name meaning "heard by God" in Hebrew, which is fitting given his role as a prophet who hears God's voice. The act of "laying down" signifies rest and obedience, as Samuel returns to his place after receiving a divine message. This moment reflects a period of contemplation and preparation, as Samuel processes the weight of the revelation he has received. The "morning" symbolizes a new beginning, both literally and spiritually, as light dawns on the message he must deliver.

then he opened the doors of the house of the LORD
The action of "opening the doors" is significant, as it represents Samuel's role in facilitating access to the presence of God. The "house of the LORD" refers to the tabernacle at Shiloh, the central place of worship for Israel at the time. This act of opening the doors is both literal and symbolic, indicating Samuel's emerging role as a leader who will guide Israel in their relationship with God. It also signifies transparency and readiness to serve, as Samuel steps into his responsibilities.

He was afraid to tell Eli the vision
The phrase "He was afraid" captures the human element of fear and reverence in the face of delivering a difficult message. Samuel's fear is understandable, given Eli's position as the high priest and his mentor. The "vision" refers to the divine revelation Samuel received, which contained a message of judgment against Eli's household. This moment highlights the tension between divine duty and personal relationships, as Samuel grapples with the challenge of speaking truth to power. It underscores the prophetic calling to deliver God's message faithfully, regardless of personal cost.

But Eli called him
The phrase begins with "But," indicating a continuation or contrast from the previous events. Eli, the high priest, represents the old order of Israel's leadership. His calling of Samuel signifies a pivotal moment where God’s message is about to be revealed through a new, young prophet. The Hebrew root for "called" is קָרָא (qara), which means to call out or summon. This calling is not just a physical act but a spiritual one, as Eli is unknowingly facilitating God's plan. Historically, Eli's role as a priest and judge in Israel places him in a position of authority, yet his spiritual insight is dimming, as seen in his inability to initially recognize God's voice calling Samuel.

and said, 'Samuel, my son.'
Eli's address to Samuel as "my son" reflects a relationship of mentorship and affection. The Hebrew word for "son" is בֵּן (ben), which can denote a literal son or a term of endearment and mentorship. This phrase highlights the personal and intimate nature of their relationship. Eli's use of "my son" underscores the trust and responsibility he places on Samuel, despite his own sons' failures. In the broader scriptural context, this relationship foreshadows the transition of spiritual leadership from Eli's lineage to Samuel, who will become a pivotal prophet in Israel's history.

Samuel answered, 'Here I am.'
Samuel's response, "Here I am," is a declaration of readiness and willingness to serve. The Hebrew phrase is הִנֵּנִי (hineni), often used in the Bible to express a servant's readiness to obey God's call, as seen in the responses of Abraham and Moses. This phrase signifies Samuel's openness and availability to God's will, contrasting with Eli's sons, who were corrupt and disobedient. Samuel's readiness marks the beginning of his prophetic ministry, setting the stage for his role as a faithful servant and leader in Israel. This moment is inspirational, as it reminds believers of the importance of being attentive and responsive to God's call in their own lives.

What was the message He spoke to you?
This phrase captures Eli's earnest inquiry into the divine revelation received by Samuel. The Hebrew word for "message" here is "dabar," which often signifies a word, matter, or thing. In the context of the Old Testament, "dabar" frequently refers to a divine communication or command. Eli's question underscores the gravity and sacredness of God's word, reflecting a deep-seated belief in the importance of divine messages. Historically, prophets were seen as conduits of God's will, and Eli's insistence on knowing the message highlights the weight of prophetic revelation in Israelite society.

Eli asked
Eli, the high priest, represents the established religious order of the time. His role as a spiritual leader is significant, as he is responsible for guiding the people in their relationship with God. The Hebrew root for "asked" is "sha'al," which can mean to inquire or demand. Eli's position gives him the authority to seek out God's will, and his inquiry is not just a casual question but a pressing demand for truth. This reflects the urgency and necessity of understanding God's directives, especially in a time when Israel was in need of spiritual renewal.

Do not hide it from me
This phrase is a direct command from Eli to Samuel, emphasizing transparency and honesty in conveying God's word. The Hebrew verb "kathar" means to conceal or hide. Eli's insistence that Samuel not hide anything underscores the importance of full disclosure when it comes to divine revelations. In a broader scriptural context, this reflects the biblical principle that truth must be revealed and not concealed, as God's word is meant to guide and correct His people.

May God punish you, and ever so severely
Eli invokes a solemn oath, calling upon God to hold Samuel accountable if he withholds any part of the message. The Hebrew phrase here is "ko ya'aseh lekha Elohim," which translates to "thus may God do to you." This is a common biblical formula for invoking divine retribution, emphasizing the seriousness of the situation. It reflects the belief in God's justice and the consequences of disobedience or deceit. Eli's invocation of divine punishment underscores the sacred responsibility of those who receive and transmit God's word.

if you hide from me anything He said to you
The conditional clause here reiterates the importance of complete honesty in relaying God's message. The Hebrew word for "hide" is again "kathar," reinforcing the theme of transparency. The phrase "anything He said to you" highlights the totality of God's communication, suggesting that even the smallest detail is significant. This reflects a broader biblical theme that every word of God is purposeful and must be faithfully communicated. In the historical context, this underscores the role of prophets as faithful messengers who must deliver God's word without alteration or omission.

So Samuel told him everything
The phrase "told him everything" signifies Samuel's complete obedience and transparency in delivering God's message to Eli. The Hebrew root for "told" is "nagad," which means to declare or make known. This reflects Samuel's role as a prophet, one who faithfully communicates God's revelations. Historically, this moment marks a significant transition in Israel's prophetic tradition, as Samuel emerges as a trustworthy voice for God, contrasting with the corrupt leadership of Eli's sons.

he did not hide anything from him
The act of not hiding anything underscores Samuel's integrity and courage. The Hebrew word "kachad" means to conceal or keep secret. In a time when the truth was often compromised, Samuel's full disclosure is a testament to his character and dedication to God's will. This transparency is crucial for a prophet, as it ensures that God's message is delivered without alteration or omission.

'It is the LORD,'
Eli's response, "It is the LORD," acknowledges the divine origin of the message. The Hebrew term "Yahweh" is used here, emphasizing God's covenantal relationship with Israel. Eli's recognition of God's sovereignty, despite the unfavorable prophecy, reflects a deep understanding of God's authority and the acceptance of His will. This moment is pivotal, as it demonstrates Eli's submission to God's judgment, a theme prevalent throughout the Old Testament.

Let Him do what is good in His eyes
Eli's statement, "Let Him do what is good in His eyes," reveals a profound acceptance of divine justice. The phrase "in His eyes" suggests God's perspective, which is inherently righteous and just. The Hebrew word "tov" for "good" implies moral goodness and divine approval. Eli's response is an act of faith, trusting in God's ultimate wisdom and righteousness, even when facing personal loss. This submission to God's will is a recurring theme in Scripture, encouraging believers to trust in God's perfect plan, even amidst trials and uncertainties.

So Samuel grew
The phrase "Samuel grew" indicates not just physical growth, but also spiritual and intellectual maturation. In Hebrew, the word for "grew" is "gadal," which can mean to become great or important. This suggests that Samuel was increasing in stature and favor, both with God and man, much like Jesus is described in Luke 2:52. Samuel's growth is a testament to the nurturing environment provided by Eli and the divine calling upon his life. It is a reminder that spiritual growth is a process that involves both divine intervention and human responsibility.

and the LORD was with him
The presence of the LORD with Samuel is a significant theme throughout the Bible, indicating divine favor and guidance. The Hebrew word for "with" is "im," which implies a close, personal relationship. This phrase assures us that Samuel's success and prophetic authority were not due to his own abilities but were a result of God's presence in his life. It echoes the promise given to other leaders like Moses and Joshua, emphasizing that God's presence is essential for fulfilling His purposes.

and He let none of Samuel’s words fall to the ground
This phrase signifies the reliability and authority of Samuel's prophetic ministry. In Hebrew, the word for "fall" is "naphal," which can mean to fail or be ineffective. The imagery of words not falling to the ground suggests that everything Samuel spoke, as a prophet, was fulfilled and came to pass. This is a powerful testament to the truth and power of God's word spoken through His chosen vessels. It underscores the idea that when God speaks through His prophets, His words are effective and accomplish what He intends, as seen in Isaiah 55:11. Samuel's words were upheld by God, affirming his role as a true prophet and leader in Israel.

And all Israel
This phrase signifies the entirety of the nation of Israel, encompassing all twelve tribes. The unity implied here is significant, as it underscores the widespread recognition and acceptance of Samuel's prophetic role. Historically, Israel was often fragmented, but this acknowledgment from "all Israel" suggests a collective consensus and respect for Samuel's divine appointment. The Hebrew word for "all" (כָּל, kol) emphasizes completeness and totality, indicating that Samuel's reputation and authority were universally acknowledged across the nation.

from Dan to Beersheba
This phrase is a traditional expression used to describe the entire land of Israel, from its northernmost city, Dan, to its southernmost city, Beersheba. It highlights the geographical span of Samuel's influence and the extent of his recognition as a prophet. Archaeologically, both Dan and Beersheba have been excavated, revealing their significance as boundary markers in ancient Israel. This phrase not only denotes physical territory but also symbolizes the spiritual reach of Samuel's ministry across the nation.

knew
The Hebrew word used here is יָדַע (yada), which means more than just intellectual awareness; it implies a deep, experiential knowledge. This suggests that the people of Israel had a profound understanding and acceptance of Samuel's role as a prophet. It reflects a collective acknowledgment that was not merely based on hearsay but on witnessed evidence of Samuel's prophetic activities and his relationship with God.

that Samuel
Samuel, whose name means "heard of God" or "asked of God," was a pivotal figure in Israel's history. His life and ministry marked a transition from the period of the judges to the establishment of the monarchy. Samuel's role as a prophet was crucial in guiding Israel through this transformative era. His dedication to God from a young age, as recounted in earlier chapters, set the foundation for his prophetic ministry.

was confirmed
The Hebrew word translated as "confirmed" is נֶאֱמָן (ne'eman), which conveys the idea of being established, trustworthy, or faithful. This term indicates that Samuel's prophetic calling was not only recognized but also validated by God and the people. It underscores the legitimacy and divine endorsement of his role as a prophet, affirming that his words and actions were in alignment with God's will.

as a prophet
The role of a prophet in Israel was to be God's spokesperson, delivering His messages to the people. Prophets were often called to challenge, guide, and encourage the nation, calling them back to faithfulness to God. Samuel's prophetic ministry was characterized by integrity and obedience, setting a standard for future prophets. His role was foundational in shaping the spiritual and political landscape of Israel.

of the LORD
The use of "LORD" in all capital letters signifies the covenant name of God, Yahweh, emphasizing the personal and relational aspect of God's interaction with His people. Samuel's prophetic ministry was not self-appointed but divinely ordained by Yahweh. This highlights the sacredness of his calling and the authority with which he spoke. Samuel's life and ministry were a testament to his commitment to serving the LORD and leading Israel according to His divine purposes.

And the LORD continued to appear
The phrase highlights the ongoing nature of God's revelation to His people. The Hebrew root for "appear" is "ra'ah," which means to see or to be seen. This indicates a visible manifestation of God's presence, emphasizing His desire to be known and to communicate with His chosen ones. Historically, this period marks a transition from the time of the judges to the establishment of the monarchy in Israel, with Samuel playing a pivotal role as a prophet. God's continued appearance signifies His active involvement and guidance during this critical juncture in Israel's history.

at Shiloh
Shiloh was a significant religious center in ancient Israel, where the Tabernacle was located before the construction of the Temple in Jerusalem. Archaeological findings at Shiloh, such as remnants of storage rooms and pottery, suggest it was a place of pilgrimage and worship. Theologically, Shiloh represents a place of divine encounter and revelation. It is where God chose to reveal Himself, underscoring the importance of sacred spaces in facilitating communion with the divine.

because there He revealed Himself
The Hebrew word for "revealed" is "galah," which means to uncover or disclose. This implies an intentional act of God making Himself known to Samuel. The revelation is not just informational but relational, as God seeks to establish a personal connection with Samuel. This act of revelation is foundational for Samuel's prophetic ministry, as it equips him with divine insight and authority to lead Israel.

to Samuel
Samuel, whose name means "heard of God," is a central figure in the narrative of Israel's history. His life is marked by a deep commitment to God, beginning with his miraculous birth and dedication to the Lord by his mother, Hannah. Samuel's role as a prophet, priest, and judge highlights the multifaceted nature of his ministry. His receptivity to God's revelation at a young age sets a precedent for spiritual sensitivity and obedience.

by the word of the LORD
The "word of the LORD" is a powerful and dynamic concept in Scripture, often associated with God's creative and redemptive activity. In Hebrew, "dabar" signifies not just spoken words but also actions and events. This phrase underscores the authority and efficacy of God's communication. For Samuel, receiving the word of the LORD signifies his role as a conduit for divine messages to the people of Israel. It also foreshadows the prophetic tradition where God's word is central to guiding and shaping the destiny of His people.