Verse (Click for Chapter) New International Version (Now in earlier times in Israel, for the redemption and transfer of property to become final, one party took off his sandal and gave it to the other. This was the method of legalizing transactions in Israel.) New Living Translation Now in those days it was the custom in Israel for anyone transferring a right of purchase to remove his sandal and hand it to the other party. This publicly validated the transaction. English Standard Version Now this was the custom in former times in Israel concerning redeeming and exchanging: to confirm a transaction, the one drew off his sandal and gave it to the other, and this was the manner of attesting in Israel. Berean Standard Bible Now in former times in Israel, concerning the redemption or exchange of property, to make any matter legally binding a man would remove his sandal and give it to the other party, and this was a confirmation in Israel. King James Bible Now this was the manner in former time in Israel concerning redeeming and concerning changing, for to confirm all things; a man plucked off his shoe, and gave it to his neighbour: and this was a testimony in Israel. New King James Version Now this was the custom in former times in Israel concerning redeeming and exchanging, to confirm anything: one man took off his sandal and gave it to the other, and this was a confirmation in Israel. New American Standard Bible Now this was the custom in former times in Israel concerning the redemption and the exchange of land to confirm any matter: a man removed his sandal and gave it to another; and this was the way of confirmation in Israel. NASB 1995 Now this was the custom in former times in Israel concerning the redemption and the exchange of land to confirm any matter: a man removed his sandal and gave it to another; and this was the manner of attestation in Israel. NASB 1977 Now this was the custom in former times in Israel concerning the redemption and the exchange of land to confirm any matter: a man removed his sandal and gave it to another; and this was the manner of attestation in Israel. Legacy Standard Bible Now this was the custom in former times in Israel concerning the right of redemption and the exchange of land to establish any matter: a man removed his sandal and gave it to another; and this was the manner of attestation in Israel. Amplified Bible Now formerly in Israel this was the custom concerning redeeming and exchanging property. To confirm a transaction, a man pulled off his sandal and gave it to the other. This was the way of confirming and attesting in Israel. Christian Standard Bible At an earlier period in Israel, a man removed his sandal and gave it to the other party in order to make any matter legally binding concerning the right of redemption or the exchange of property. This was the method of legally binding a transaction in Israel. Holman Christian Standard Bible At an earlier period in Israel, a man removed his sandal and gave it to the other party in order to make any matter legally binding concerning the right of redemption or the exchange of property. This was the method of legally binding a transaction in Israel. American Standard Version Now this was the custom in former time in Israel concerning redeeming and concerning exchanging, to confirm all things: a man drew off his shoe, and gave it to his neighbor; and this was the manner of attestation in Israel. Contemporary English Version To make a sale legal in those days, one person would take off a sandal and give it to the other. English Revised Version Now this was the custom in former time in Israel concerning redeeming and concerning exchanging, for to confirm all things; a man drew off his shoe, and gave it to his neighbour: and this was the manner of attestation in Israel. GOD'S WORD® Translation (This is the way it used to be in Israel concerning buying back property and exchanging goods: In order to make every matter legal, a man would take off his sandal and give it to the other man. This was the way a contract was publicly approved in Israel.) Good News Translation Now in those days, to settle a sale or an exchange of property, it was the custom for the seller to take off his sandal and give it to the buyer. In this way the Israelites showed that the matter was settled. International Standard Version During Israel's earlier history, all things concerning redeeming or changing inheritances were confirmed by a man taking off his sandal and giving it to the other party, thereby creating a public record in Israel. Majority Standard Bible Now in former times in Israel, concerning the redemption or exchange of property, to make any matter legally binding a man would remove his sandal and give it to the other party, and this was a confirmation in Israel. NET Bible (Now this used to be the customary way to finalize a transaction involving redemption in Israel: A man would remove his sandal and give it to the other party. This was a legally binding act in Israel.) New Heart English Bible Now this was the custom in former time in Israel concerning redeeming and concerning exchanging, to confirm all things: a man took off his sandal, and gave it to his neighbor; and this was the way of attestation in Israel. Webster's Bible Translation Now this was the manner in former time in Israel concerning redeeming and concerning changing, for confirming all things; a man plucked off his shoe, and gave it to his neighbor: and this was a testimony in Israel. World English Bible Now this was the custom in former time in Israel concerning redeeming and concerning exchanging, to confirm all things: a man took off his sandal, and gave it to his neighbor; and this was the way of formalizing transactions in Israel. Literal Translations Literal Standard VersionAnd this [is] formerly in Israel for redemption and for exchanging, to establish anything: a man has drawn off his sandal, and given [it] to his neighbor, and this [is] the Testimony in Israel. Young's Literal Translation And this is formerly in Israel for redemption and for changing, to establish anything: a man hath drawn off his sandal, and given it to his neighbour, and this is the testimony in Israel. Smith's Literal Translation And this before in Israel upon redemption and upon exchange, to set up all the word; a man drew off his shoe and gave to his neighbor: and this the precept in Israel. Catholic Translations Douay-Rheims BibleNow this in former times was the manner in Israel between kinsmen, that if at any time one yielded his right to another: that the grant might be sure, the man put off his shoe, and gave it to his neighhour; this was a testimony of cession of right in Israel. Catholic Public Domain Version Yet it was the custom between kinsmen in this former time in Israel, that if at anytime one yielded his right to another, so as to confirm his permission, the man took off his shoe and gave it to his neighbor. This was a testimony of concession in Israel. New American Bible Now it used to be the custom in Israel that, to make binding a contract of redemption or exchange, one party would take off a sandal and give it to the other. This was the form of attestation in Israel. New Revised Standard Version Now this was the custom in former times in Israel concerning redeeming and exchanging: to confirm a transaction, the one took off a sandal and gave it to the other; this was the manner of attesting in Israel. Translations from Aramaic Lamsa BibleNow this was the custom in former time in Israel concerning redeeming and the exchanging of rights to redeem which confirmed transactions: a man pulled off his shoe and gave it to another; and this was the testimonial ceremony in Israel. Peshitta Holy Bible Translated And behold, to establish this redemption before the children of Israel and the exchange of redemption, a man looses his shoe and he gives it to his companion, and this is a testimony in Israel OT Translations JPS Tanakh 1917Now this was the custom in former time in Israel concerning redeeming and concerning exchanging, to confirm all things: a man drew off his shoe, and gave it to his neighbour; and this was the attestation in Israel.-- Brenton Septuagint Translation And this was in former time the ordinance in Israel for redemption, and for a bargain, to confirm every word: A man loosed his shoe, and gave it to his neighbour that redeemed his right; and this was a testimony in Israel. Additional Translations ... Audio Bible Context Boaz Redeems Ruth…6The kinsman-redeemer replied, “I cannot redeem it myself, or I would jeopardize my own inheritance. Take my right of redemption, because I cannot redeem it.” 7Now in former times in Israel, concerning the redemption or exchange of property, to make any matter legally binding a man would remove his sandal and give it to the other party, and this was a confirmation in Israel. 8So the kinsman-redeemer removed his sandal and said to Boaz, “Buy it for yourself.”… Cross References Deuteronomy 25:7-10 But if the man does not want to marry his brother’s widow, she is to go to the elders at the city gate and say, “My husband’s brother refuses to preserve his brother’s name in Israel. He is not willing to perform the duty of a brother-in-law for me.” / Then the elders of his city shall summon him and speak with him. If he persists and says, “I do not want to marry her,” / his brother’s widow shall go up to him in the presence of the elders, remove his sandal, spit in his face, and declare, “This is what is done to the man who will not maintain his brother’s line.” ... Genesis 38:8-10 Then Judah said to Onan, “Sleep with your brother’s wife. Perform your duty as her brother-in-law and raise up offspring for your brother.” / But Onan knew that the offspring would not belong to him; so whenever he would sleep with his brother’s wife, he would spill his seed on the ground so that he would not produce offspring for his brother. / What he did was wicked in the sight of the LORD, so He put Onan to death as well. Leviticus 25:25 If your brother becomes impoverished and sells some of his property, his nearest of kin may come and redeem what his brother has sold. Jeremiah 32:10-12 I signed and sealed the deed, called in witnesses, and weighed out the silver on the scales. / Then I took the deed of purchase—the sealed copy with its terms and conditions, as well as the open copy— / and I gave this deed to Baruch son of Neriah, the son of Mahseiah, in the sight of my cousin Hanamel and the witnesses who were signing the purchase agreement and all the Jews sitting in the courtyard of the guard. Genesis 23:16-18 Abraham agreed to Ephron’s terms and weighed out for him the price he had named in the hearing of the Hittites: four hundred shekels of silver, according to the standard of the merchants. / So Ephron’s field at Machpelah near Mamre, the cave that was in it, and all the trees within the boundaries of the field were deeded over / to Abraham’s possession in the presence of all the Hittites who had come to the gate of his city. 1 Samuel 18:4 And Jonathan removed the robe he was wearing and gave it to David, along with his tunic, his sword, his bow, and his belt. 2 Samuel 12:1-6 Then the LORD sent Nathan to David, and when he arrived, he said, “There were two men in a certain city, one rich and the other poor. / The rich man had a great number of sheep and cattle, / but the poor man had nothing except one small ewe lamb that he had bought. He raised it, and it grew up with him and his children. It shared his food and drank from his cup; it slept in his arms and was like a daughter to him. ... 1 Kings 21:7-13 But his wife Jezebel said to him, “Do you not reign over Israel? Get up, eat some food, and be cheerful, for I will get you the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite.” / Then Jezebel wrote letters in Ahab’s name, sealed them with his seal, and sent them to the elders and nobles who lived with Naboth in his city. / In the letters she wrote: “Proclaim a fast and give Naboth a seat of honor among the people. ... Isaiah 50:1 This is what the LORD says: “Where is your mother’s certificate of divorce with which I sent her away? Or to which of My creditors did I sell you? Look, you were sold for your iniquities, and for your transgressions your mother was sent away. Amos 2:6 This is what the LORD says: “For three transgressions of Israel, even four, I will not revoke My judgment, because they sell the righteous for silver and the needy for a pair of sandals. Matthew 5:31-32 It has also been said, ‘Whoever divorces his wife must give her a certificate of divorce.’ / But I tell you that anyone who divorces his wife, except for sexual immorality, brings adultery upon her. And he who marries a divorced woman commits adultery. Matthew 19:7-8 “Why then,” they asked, “did Moses order a man to give his wife a certificate of divorce and send her away?” / Jesus replied, “Moses permitted you to divorce your wives because of your hardness of heart. But it was not this way from the beginning. Mark 10:4-5 They answered, “Moses permitted a man to write his wife a certificate of divorce and send her away.” / But Jesus told them, “Moses wrote this commandment for you because of your hardness of heart. Luke 16:18 Anyone who divorces his wife and marries another woman commits adultery, and he who marries a divorced woman commits adultery. John 4:18 In fact, you have had five husbands, and the man you now have is not your husband. You have spoken truthfully.” Treasury of Scripture Now this was the manner in former time in Israel concerning redeeming and concerning changing, for to confirm all things; a man plucked off his shoe, and gave it to his neighbor: and this was a testimony in Israel. a man plucked off. Deuteronomy 25:7-10 And if the man like not to take his brother's wife, then let his brother's wife go up to the gate unto the elders, and say, My husband's brother refuseth to raise up unto his brother a name in Israel, he will not perform the duty of my husband's brother… Jump to Previous Attesting Changing Confirm Confirming Custom Drew Earlier Exchange Exchanging Israel Manner Matter Neighbor Neighbour Party Plucked Property Redeeming Redemption Removed Sandal Shoe Testimony Time Times TransferJump to Next Attesting Changing Confirm Confirming Custom Drew Earlier Exchange Exchanging Israel Manner Matter Neighbor Neighbour Party Plucked Property Redeeming Redemption Removed Sandal Shoe Testimony Time Times TransferRuth 4 1. Boaz calls into judgment the next kinsman6. He refuses the redemption according to the manner in Israel 9. Boaz buys the inheritance 11. He marries Ruth 13. She bears Obed, the grandfather of David 18. The generations of Pharez unto David Now in former times in Israel This phrase sets the historical context, indicating a practice from ancient Israel. The book of Ruth is set during the time of the Judges, a period characterized by social and religious upheaval. Understanding the customs of this era is crucial for interpreting the narrative. The phrase suggests a tradition that was well-known to the original audience but may have been outdated by the time the text was written. concerning the redemption or exchange of property to make any matter legally binding a man would remove his sandal and give it to the other party and this was a confirmation in Israel Persons / Places / Events 1. BoazA prominent man of noble character from the tribe of Judah, who acts as the kinsman-redeemer for Ruth. 2. Ruth A Moabite widow who remains loyal to her mother-in-law Naomi and becomes part of the lineage of David and ultimately Jesus. 3. Naomi Ruth's mother-in-law, who returns to Bethlehem from Moab after the death of her husband and sons. 4. Bethlehem The setting of the account, a town in Judah, significant as the birthplace of King David and Jesus. 5. The Sandal Exchange A cultural practice in ancient Israel symbolizing the transfer of rights and property, akin to a legal contract. Teaching Points Cultural Context and Legal PracticesUnderstanding the cultural and legal practices of ancient Israel, such as the sandal exchange, helps us appreciate the historical context of biblical accounts. Redemption and Responsibility Boaz's willingness to redeem Ruth and Naomi's property illustrates the biblical principle of taking responsibility for family and community, reflecting God's redemptive nature. Faithfulness and Loyalty Ruth's loyalty to Naomi and Boaz's integrity are examples of faithfulness that believers are called to emulate in their relationships. God's Sovereignty and Providence The events in Ruth demonstrate God's sovereign plan and providence, working through ordinary people and events to fulfill His purposes.(7) In former time.--Arguments have been built on this word in favour of our assigning a late date to the book, but the inference seems hardly warranted. The same Hebrew word occurs in Deuteronomy 2:10, Judges 1:10, &c. Plucked off his shoe.--The idea of this act apparently is that the man resigns the right of walking on the land as master, in favour of him to whom he gives the shoe. A similar but not identical custom is prescribed in Deuteronomy 25:9. A testimony.--The testimony, the manner in which the solemn witness is born. Verse 7. - And this was formerly a custom in Israel, on occasion of surrendering rights of kinship, or of selling and buying land, in order to confirm any matter; a man drew off his shoe and gave it to the other contracting party. This was attestation in Israel. We give a free translation. The custom was significant enough. He who sold land, or surrendered his right to act as a kinsman in buying land, intimated by the symbolical act of taking off his shoe, and handing it to his friend, that he freely gave up his right to walk upon the soil, in favor of the person who had acquired the possession. Corresponding symbolical acts, in connection with the transfer of lands, have been common, and probably still are, in many countries. No doubt the shoe, after being received, would be immediately returned.Parallel Commentaries ... Hebrew (Nowוְזֹאת֩ (wə·zōṯ) Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - feminine singular Strong's 2063: Hereby in it, likewise, the one other, same, she, so much, such deed, that, in former times לְפָנִ֨ים (lə·p̄ā·nîm) Preposition-l | Noun - masculine plural Strong's 6440: The face in Israel, בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל (bə·yiś·rā·’êl) Preposition-b | Noun - proper - masculine singular Strong's 3478: Israel -- 'God strives', another name of Jacob and his desc concerning עַל־ (‘al-) Preposition Strong's 5921: Above, over, upon, against the redemption הַגְּאוּלָּ֤ה (hag·gə·’ūl·lāh) Article | Noun - feminine singular Strong's 1353: Redemption, relationship or exchange of property, הַתְּמוּרָה֙ (hat·tə·mū·rāh) Article | Noun - feminine singular Strong's 8545: Barter, compensation to make any כָּל־ (kāl-) Noun - masculine singular construct Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every matter דָּבָ֔ר (dā·ḇār) Noun - masculine singular Strong's 1697: A word, a matter, thing, a cause legally binding לְקַיֵּ֣ם (lə·qay·yêm) Preposition-l | Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct Strong's 6965: To arise, stand up, stand a man אִ֛ישׁ (’îš) Noun - masculine singular Strong's 376: A man as an individual, a male person would remove שָׁלַ֥ף (šā·lap̄) Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular Strong's 8025: To pull out, up, off his sandal נַעֲל֖וֹ (na·‘ă·lōw) Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular Strong's 5275: A sandal tongue, a sandal, slipper and give it וְנָתַ֣ן (wə·nā·ṯan) Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular Strong's 5414: To give, put, set to the other party, לְרֵעֵ֑הוּ (lə·rê·‘ê·hū) Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular Strong's 7453: Friend, companion, fellow and this [was] וְזֹ֥את (wə·zōṯ) Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - feminine singular Strong's 2063: Hereby in it, likewise, the one other, same, she, so much, such deed, that, a confirmation הַתְּעוּדָ֖ה (hat·tə·‘ū·ḏāh) Article | Noun - feminine singular Strong's 8584: Attestation, a precept, usage in Israel.) בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ (bə·yiś·rā·’êl) Preposition-b | Noun - proper - masculine singular Strong's 3478: Israel -- 'God strives', another name of Jacob and his desc Links Ruth 4:7 NIVRuth 4:7 NLT Ruth 4:7 ESV Ruth 4:7 NASB Ruth 4:7 KJV Ruth 4:7 BibleApps.com Ruth 4:7 Biblia Paralela Ruth 4:7 Chinese Bible Ruth 4:7 French Bible Ruth 4:7 Catholic Bible OT History: Ruth 4:7 Now this was the custom in former (Ru Rut.) |
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