my ally
The term "ally" in Hebrew is "shalom," which is often translated as peace or friend. This word choice indicates a relationship of trust and mutual support. David is considering whether he has betrayed someone who was in a covenant of peace with him. Historically, alliances were sacred and breaking them was a serious offense. This highlights the importance of faithfulness and loyalty in relationships, reflecting God's unwavering faithfulness to His people.

with evil
"Evil" in Hebrew is "ra," which encompasses a broad range of negative actions and intentions, from harm to moral wickedness. David is questioning whether he has acted with malice or harm towards someone who trusted him. This reflects the biblical principle of loving one's neighbor and not repaying evil for good, as seen in Romans 12:17. It serves as a reminder for believers to act with integrity and kindness, even towards those who may not reciprocate.

if I have plundered
The word "plundered" comes from the Hebrew "shalal," meaning to take spoil or loot. This term is often associated with acts of war or aggression. David is questioning whether he has unjustly taken from others, particularly those who are his enemies. This introspection is significant, as it underscores the biblical call to justice and fairness, even towards one's adversaries. It challenges believers to consider their actions and ensure they are not exploiting or harming others.

my foe
"Foe" in Hebrew is "tsar," which can mean adversary or enemy. This term indicates someone who opposes or is in conflict with the psalmist. David's reflection on his treatment of his foes is profound, as it aligns with the biblical teaching of loving one's enemies and praying for those who persecute you (Matthew 5:44). It encourages believers to rise above personal vendettas and to seek peace and reconciliation.

without cause
The phrase "without cause" translates from the Hebrew "chinnam," meaning gratuitously or without reason. David is examining whether he has acted against someone without justification. This highlights the importance of just actions and the avoidance of baseless hostility. In a broader scriptural context, it reminds believers of the call to act justly, love mercy, and walk humbly with God (Micah 6:8), ensuring that their actions are always grounded in righteousness and truth.

"If I have rewarded evil unto him that dealt friendly with me

(And cunning unto him that was at peace with me,

Yea, if I have not rewarded his soul with good).

And delivered him that without cause is my enemy."

Milton's translation gives yet another colour to the passage--

"If I have wrought

Ill to him that meant me peace,

Or to him have rendered less,

And not freed my foe for nought."

The conjecture of a corruption of the text is supported by the rendering of the LXX. and Vulg., and a very slight change gives the probable rendering: "If I have returned evil to him that dealt friendly with me, and injured my enemy without cause."