Numbers 31:20
New International Version
Purify every garment as well as everything made of leather, goat hair or wood.”

New Living Translation
Purify all your clothing, too, and everything made of leather, goat hair, or wood.”

English Standard Version
You shall purify every garment, every article of skin, all work of goats’ hair, and every article of wood.”

Berean Standard Bible
And purify every garment and leather good, everything made of goat’s hair, and every article of wood.”

King James Bible
And purify all your raiment, and all that is made of skins, and all work of goats' hair, and all things made of wood.

New King James Version
Purify every garment, everything made of leather, everything woven of goats’ hair, and everything made of wood.”

New American Standard Bible
And you shall purify for yourselves every garment, every article of leather, every work of goats’ hair, and every article of wood.”

NASB 1995
“You shall purify for yourselves every garment and every article of leather and all the work of goats’ hair, and all articles of wood.”

NASB 1977
“And you shall purify for yourselves every garment and every article of leather and all the work of goats’ hair, and all articles of wood.”

Legacy Standard Bible
And you shall purify for yourselves every garment and every article of leather and all the work of goats’ hair and all articles of wood.”

Amplified Bible
You shall purify every garment and every article made of leather and all the things made of goats’ hair, and every article made of wood.”

Christian Standard Bible
Also purify everything: garments, leather goods, things made of goat hair, and every article of wood.”

Holman Christian Standard Bible
Also purify everything: garments, leather goods, things made of goat hair, and every article of wood.”

American Standard Version
And as to every garment, and all that is made of skin, and all work of goats' hair, and all things made of wood, ye shall purify yourselves.

Contemporary English Version
Then wash your clothes and anything made from animal skin, goat's hair, or wood."

English Revised Version
And as to every garment, and all that is made of skin, and all work of goats' hair, and all things made of wood, ye shall purify yourselves.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
Do the same for all the clothes and everything made of leather, goats' hair, or wood."

Good News Translation
You must also purify every piece of clothing and everything made of leather, goats' hair, or wood."

International Standard Version
Furthermore, you are to purify every garment—that is, everything made of leather, goat's hair, or containing wood."

Majority Standard Bible
And purify every garment and leather good, everything made of goat?s hair, and every article of wood.?

NET Bible
You must purify each garment and everything that is made of skin, everything made of goat's hair, and everything made of wood."

New Heart English Bible
As to every garment, and all that is made of skin, and all work of goats' hair, and all things made of wood, you shall purify yourselves."

Webster's Bible Translation
And purify all your raiment, and all that is made of skins, and all work of goats' hair, and all things made of wood.

World English Bible
You shall purify every garment, and all that is made of skin, and all work of goats’ hair, and all things made of wood.”
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
and every garment, and every skin vessel, and every work of goats’ [hair], and every wooden vessel, you yourselves cleanse.”

Young's Literal Translation
and every garment, and every skin vessel, and every work of goats' hair, and every wooden vessel, ye yourselves cleanse.'

Smith's Literal Translation
And every garment and every vessel of skin, and every work of goats' hair, and every vessel of wood, ye shall purify.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
And of all the spoil, every garment, or vessel, or any thing made for use, of the skins, or hair of goats, or of wood, shall be purified.

Catholic Public Domain Version
And all of the spoils, whether it is a garment, or a vessel, or another useful thing, made from the pelts or hair of goats, or from wood, shall be expiated.”

New American Bible
You will also purify every garment, every article of leather, everything made of goats’ hair, and every article of wood.”

New Revised Standard Version
You shall purify every garment, every article of skin, everything made of goats’ hair, and every article of wood.”
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
And purify all your garments and all that is made of skin and all the work of goats' hair and all things made of wood.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And sprinkle upon all cloaks and all garments of leather and every product of hair and every article of wood.”
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
And as to every garment, and all that is made of skin, and all work of goats' hair, and all things made of wood, ye shall purify.'

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And ye shall purify every garment and every leathern utensil, and all furniture of goat skin, and every wooden vessel.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Vengeance on Midian
19All of you who have killed a person or touched the dead are to remain outside the camp for seven days. On the third day and the seventh day you are to purify both yourselves and your captives. 20And purify every garment and leather good, everything made of goat’s hair, and every article of wood.” 21Then Eleazar the priest said to the soldiers who had gone into battle, “This is the statute of the law which the LORD has commanded Moses:…

Cross References
Leviticus 11:32-33
When one of them dies and falls on something, that article becomes unclean; any article of wood, clothing, leather, sackcloth, or any implement used for work must be rinsed with water and will remain unclean until evening; then it will be clean. / If any of them falls into a clay pot, everything in it will be unclean; you must break the pot.

Leviticus 15:12
Any clay pot that the man with the discharge touches must be broken, and any wooden utensil must be rinsed with water.

Deuteronomy 21:13
and put aside the clothing of her captivity. After she has lived in your house a full month and mourned her father and mother, you may have relations with her and be her husband, and she shall be your wife.

Leviticus 6:28
The clay pot in which the sin offering is boiled must be broken; if it is boiled in a bronze pot, the pot must be scoured and rinsed with water.

Leviticus 15:4-5
Any bed on which the man with the discharge lies will be unclean, and any furniture on which he sits will be unclean. / Anyone who touches his bed must wash his clothes and bathe with water, and he will be unclean until evening.

Leviticus 13:47-59
If any fabric is contaminated with mildew—any wool or linen garment, / any weave or knit of linen or wool, or any article of leather— / and if the mark in the fabric, leather, weave, knit, or leather article is green or red, then it is contaminated with mildew and must be shown to the priest. ...

Leviticus 14:8-9
The one being cleansed must wash his clothes, shave off all his hair, and bathe with water; then he will be ceremonially clean. Afterward, he may enter the camp, but he must remain outside his tent for seven days. / On the seventh day he must shave off all his hair—his head, his beard, his eyebrows, and the rest of his hair. He must wash his clothes and bathe himself with water, and he will be clean.

Leviticus 15:10
Whoever touches anything that was under him will be unclean until evening, and whoever carries such things must wash his clothes and bathe with water, and he will be unclean until evening.

Leviticus 15:16-18
When a man has an emission of semen, he must bathe his whole body with water, and he will be unclean until evening. / Any clothing or leather on which there is an emission of semen must be washed with water, and it will remain unclean until evening. / If a man lies with a woman and there is an emission of semen, both must bathe with water, and they will remain unclean until evening.

Leviticus 15:20-21
Anything on which she lies or sits during her menstruation will be unclean, / and anyone who touches her bed must wash his clothes and bathe with water, and he will be unclean until evening.

Leviticus 15:26-27
Any bed on which she lies or any furniture on which she sits during the days of her discharge will be unclean, like her bed during her menstrual period. / Anyone who touches these things will be unclean; he must wash his clothes and bathe with water, and he will be unclean until evening.

2 Corinthians 7:1
Therefore, beloved, since we have these promises, let us cleanse ourselves from everything that defiles body and spirit, perfecting holiness in the fear of God.

Hebrews 9:10
They consist only in food and drink and special washings—external regulations imposed until the time of reform.

Mark 7:4
And on returning from the market, they do not eat unless they wash. And there are many other traditions for them to observe, including the washing of cups, pitchers, kettles, and couches for dining.

Matthew 23:25-26
Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You clean the outside of the cup and dish, but inside they are full of greed and self-indulgence. / Blind Pharisee! First clean the inside of the cup and dish, so that the outside may become clean as well.


Treasury of Scripture

And purify all your raiment, and all that is made of skins, and all work of goats' hair, and all things made of wood.

raiment

Numbers 19:14-16,22
This is the law, when a man dieth in a tent: all that come into the tent, and all that is in the tent, shall be unclean seven days…

Genesis 35:2
Then Jacob said unto his household, and to all that were with him, Put away the strange gods that are among you, and be clean, and change your garments:

Exodus 19:10
And the LORD said unto Moses, Go unto the people, and sanctify them to day and to morrow, and let them wash their clothes,

that is made.

Jump to Previous
Article Articles Bit Clean Cleanse Clothing Hair Leather Purify Raiment Skin Skins Vessel Wood Wooden Work Yourselves
Jump to Next
Article Articles Bit Clean Cleanse Clothing Hair Leather Purify Raiment Skin Skins Vessel Wood Wooden Work Yourselves
Numbers 31
1. The Midianites are spoiled, and Balaam slain
13. Moses is angry with the officers, for saving the women alive
19. How the soldiers, with their captives and spoil, are to be purified
25. The proportion in which the prey is to be divided
48. The voluntary offering unto the treasure of the Lord














And purify every garment
In the context of Numbers 31, the Israelites had just returned from a battle against the Midianites. The command to purify garments reflects the broader biblical principle of ritual cleanliness, which was essential for maintaining holiness among God's people. Garments often symbolize one's status and identity in Scripture, and their purification signifies the removal of defilement. This practice is echoed in Leviticus 11-15, where various laws about cleanliness are detailed. The purification process underscores the need for spiritual and physical purity before God.

and leather good
Leather goods, like garments, were common in ancient Israel and used for various purposes, including clothing, tents, and containers. The requirement to purify leather items indicates the comprehensive nature of the cleansing process. Leather, being a durable material, was valuable and often used in everyday life. This command highlights the importance of ensuring that all aspects of life, even the most mundane, are consecrated to God. The emphasis on purification can be seen as a type of Christ, who purifies believers from sin (Hebrews 9:13-14).

everything made of goat’s hair
Goat's hair was a common material used in the construction of tents and other items in the ancient Near East. It was known for its durability and was often used by nomadic peoples, including the Israelites during their wilderness wanderings. The inclusion of goat's hair items in the purification process reflects the thoroughness required in maintaining ritual purity. This can be connected to the broader biblical theme of God dwelling among His people, as the tabernacle itself was made with curtains of goat's hair (Exodus 26:7).

and every article of wood.
Wooden articles were essential in daily life for the Israelites, used for tools, utensils, and construction. The command to purify wooden items emphasizes the need for holiness in all areas of life. Wood is often used symbolically in Scripture, such as in the construction of the Ark of the Covenant (Exodus 25:10). The purification of wood can be seen as a reminder of the sanctity required in approaching God, who is holy. This reflects the broader biblical narrative of God’s desire for His people to be set apart and pure, as seen in 1 Peter 1:15-16.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Moses
The leader of the Israelites, who is conveying God's commands regarding purification after the battle with the Midianites.

2. Israelites
The people of God who are receiving instructions on how to purify themselves and their belongings after the conflict.

3. Midianites
The people defeated by the Israelites, whose possessions are now subject to purification.

4. Purification Process
The ritual cleansing required for garments and articles made of leather, goat hair, or wood, emphasizing the need for holiness.

5. Camp of Israel
The place where the Israelites reside and where the purification process is to be carried out to maintain the camp's sanctity.
Teaching Points
Holiness and Purity
God calls His people to be holy and set apart, which includes both physical and spiritual purity.

Obedience to God's Commands
The Israelites' adherence to purification laws demonstrates the importance of obedience in maintaining a relationship with God.

Symbolism of Cleansing
The physical act of cleansing garments and items symbolizes the deeper need for spiritual cleansing from sin.

Community Responsibility
The purification process underscores the collective responsibility of the community to uphold God's standards.

Application to Modern Life
Believers today are called to examine their lives and remove anything that hinders their walk with God, seeking spiritual purity through Christ.Verse 20. - Purify all your raiment, and all that is made. Literally, "every vessel" (כְּלִי). This was in accordance with the principle laid down in chapter 19 that everything which had come into contact with a corpse needed purifying.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
And purify
תִּתְחַטָּֽאוּ׃ (tiṯ·ḥaṭ·ṭā·’ū)
Verb - Hitpael - Imperfect - second person masculine plural
Strong's 2398: To miss, to sin, to forfeit, lack, expiate, repent, lead astray, condemn

every
וְכָל־ (wə·ḵāl)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every

garment
בֶּ֧גֶד (be·ḡeḏ)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 899: A covering, clothing, treachery, pillage

and leather
ע֛וֹר (‘ō·wr)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 5785: Skin, hide, leather

good,
כְּלִי־ (kə·lî-)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3627: Something prepared, any apparatus

everything
מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה (ma·‘ă·śêh)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 4639: An action, a transaction, activity, a product, property

made of goat’s hair,
עִזִּ֖ים (‘iz·zîm)
Noun - feminine plural
Strong's 5795: Female goat

and every
וְכָל־ (wə·ḵāl)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every

article
כְּלִי־ (kə·lî-)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3627: Something prepared, any apparatus

of wood.”
עֵ֑ץ (‘êṣ)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 6086: Tree, trees, wood


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OT Law: Numbers 31:20 As to every garment and all that (Nu Num.)
Numbers 31:19
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