Numbers 35:18
New International Version
Or if anyone is holding a wooden object and strikes someone a fatal blow with it, that person is a murderer; the murderer is to be put to death.

New Living Translation
Or if someone strikes and kills another person with a wooden object, it is murder, and the murderer must be put to death.

English Standard Version
Or if he struck him down with a wooden tool that could cause death, and he died, he is a murderer. The murderer shall be put to death.

Berean Standard Bible
If anyone has in his hand a deadly object of wood, and he strikes and kills another, he is a murderer; the murderer must surely be put to death.

King James Bible
Or if he smite him with an hand weapon of wood, wherewith he may die, and he die, he is a murderer: the murderer shall surely be put to death.

New King James Version
Or if he strikes him with a wooden hand weapon, by which one could die, and he does die, he is a murderer; the murderer shall surely be put to death.

New American Standard Bible
Or if he struck him with a wooden object in the hand, by which he would die, and as a result he did die, he is a murderer; the murderer must be put to death.

NASB 1995
Or if he struck him with a wooden object in the hand, by which he might die, and as a result he died, he is a murderer; the murderer shall surely be put to death.

NASB 1977
‘Or if he struck him with a wooden object in the hand, by which he may die, and as a result he died, he is a murderer; the murderer shall surely be put to death.

Legacy Standard Bible
Or if he struck him with a wooden object in the hand, by which he would die, and as a result he died, he is a murderer; the murderer shall surely be put to death.

Amplified Bible
Or if he struck his victim down [intentionally] with a wooden object in hand, which may cause a person to die, and he died, he is a murderer; the murderer shall certainly be put to death.

Christian Standard Bible
If anyone has in his hand a wooden object capable of causing death and strikes another person and he dies, the murderer must be put to death.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
If a man has in his hand a wooden object capable of causing death and strikes another person and he dies, the murderer must be put to death.

American Standard Version
Or if he smote him with a weapon of wood in the hand, whereby a man may die, and he died, he is a murderer: the murderer shall surely be put to death.

English Revised Version
Or if he smote him with a weapon of wood in the hand, whereby a man may die, and he died, he is a manslayer: the manslayer shall surely be put to death.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
Or if any of you picks up a piece of wood as a weapon and uses it to kill another person, you are a murderer. Murderers must be put to death.

International Standard Version
Also, whoever uses a wooden implement to kill someone with it is to be adjudged a murderer, and that murderer is certainly to be put to death.

Majority Standard Bible
If anyone has in his hand a deadly object of wood, and he strikes and kills another, he is a murderer; the murderer must surely be put to death.

NET Bible
Or if he strikes him with a wooden hand weapon so that he could die, and he dies, he is a murderer. The murderer must surely be put to death.

New Heart English Bible
Or if he struck him with a weapon of wood in the hand, by which a man may die, and he died, he is a murderer: the murderer shall surely be put to death.

Webster's Bible Translation
Or if he shall smite him with a hand-weapon of wood, with which he may die, and he shall die, he is a murderer: the murderer shall surely be put to death.

World English Bible
Or if he struck him with a weapon of wood in the hand, by which a man may die, and he died, he is a murderer. The murderer shall surely be put to death.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
Or [if] he has struck him with a wooden instrument [in] the hand, with which he could die, and he dies, he [is] a murderer: the murderer is certainly put to death.

Young's Literal Translation
Or with a wooden instrument in the hand, wherewith he dieth, he hath smitten him, and he dieth, he is a murderer: the murderer is certainly put to death.

Smith's Literal Translation
Or with an instrument of wood of the hand, which he shall die by it he smote him, he the slayer shall die; dying, the slayer shall die.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
If he that is struck with wood die: he shall be revenged by the blood of him that struck him.

Catholic Public Domain Version
If he who has been struck with wood passes away, he shall be avenged by the blood of the one who struck him.

New American Bible
Or if someone strikes another with a death-dealing club in the hand and death results, that person is a murderer, and the murderer must be put to death.

New Revised Standard Version
Or anyone who strikes another with a weapon of wood in hand that could cause death, and death ensues, is a murderer; the murderer shall be put to death.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
Or if he struck him with an instrument of wood by hand, so that he might die, and he did die, he is a murderer; the murderer shall surely be put to death.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And if he struck him with an implement of wood in the hand so that he should die, and he died, he is a murderer; he shall certainly be killed.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
Or if he smote him with a weapon of wood in the hand, whereby a man may die, and he died, he is a murderer; the murderer shall surely be put to death.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And if he should smite him with an instrument of wood from his hand, whereby he may die, and he thus die, he is a murderer; let the murderer by all means be put to death.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Six Cities of Refuge
17Or if anyone has in his hand a stone of deadly size, and he strikes and kills another, he is a murderer; the murderer must surely be put to death. 18If anyone has in his hand a deadly object of wood, and he strikes and kills another, he is a murderer; the murderer must surely be put to death. 19The avenger of blood is to put the murderer to death; when he finds him, he is to kill him.…

Cross References
Exodus 21:12-14
Whoever strikes and kills a man must surely be put to death. / If, however, he did not lie in wait, but God allowed it to happen, then I will appoint for you a place where he may flee. / But if a man schemes and acts willfully against his neighbor to kill him, you must take him away from My altar to be put to death.

Deuteronomy 19:11-13
If, however, a man hates his neighbor and lies in wait, attacks him and kills him, and then flees to one of these cities, / the elders of his city must send for him, bring him back, and hand him over to the avenger of blood to die. / You must show him no pity. You are to purge from Israel the guilt of shedding innocent blood, that it may go well with you.

Joshua 20:3-5
so that anyone who kills another unintentionally or accidentally may flee there. These will be your refuge from the avenger of blood. / When someone flees to one of these cities, stands at the entrance of the city gate, and states his case before its elders, they are to bring him into the city and give him a place to live among them. / Now if the avenger of blood pursues him, they must not surrender the manslayer into his hand, because that man killed his neighbor accidentally without prior malice.

Genesis 9:6
Whoever sheds the blood of man, by man his blood will be shed; for in His own image God has made mankind.

Leviticus 24:17
And if a man takes the life of anyone else, he must surely be put to death.

2 Samuel 12:9
Why then have you despised the command of the LORD by doing evil in His sight? You put Uriah the Hittite to the sword and took his wife as your own. You have slain him with the sword of the Ammonites.

1 Kings 2:5-6
Moreover, you know what Joab son of Zeruiah did to me—what he did to Abner son of Ner and Amasa son of Jether, the two commanders of the armies of Israel. He killed them in peacetime to avenge the blood of war. He stained with the blood of war the belt around his waist and the sandals on his feet. / So act according to your wisdom, and do not let his gray head go down to Sheol in peace.

1 Kings 2:31-32
And the king replied, “Do just as he says. Strike him down and bury him, and so remove from me and from the house of my father the innocent blood that Joab shed. / The LORD will bring his bloodshed back upon his own head, for without the knowledge of my father David he struck down two men more righteous and better than he when he put to the sword Abner son of Ner, commander of Israel’s army, and Amasa son of Jether, commander of Judah’s army.

Matthew 5:21-22
You have heard that it was said to the ancients, ‘Do not murder’ and ‘Anyone who murders will be subject to judgment.’ / But I tell you that anyone who is angry with his brother will be subject to judgment. Again, anyone who says to his brother, ‘Raca,’ will be subject to the Sanhedrin. But anyone who says, ‘You fool!’ will be subject to the fire of hell.

Matthew 26:52
“Put your sword back in its place,” Jesus said to him. “For all who draw the sword will die by the sword.

Romans 13:4
For he is God’s servant for your good. But if you do wrong, be afraid, for he does not carry the sword in vain. He is God’s servant, an agent of retribution to the wrongdoer.

Acts 7:52
Which of the prophets did your fathers fail to persecute? They even killed those who foretold the coming of the Righteous One. And now you are His betrayers and murderers—

Acts 28:4
When the islanders saw the creature hanging from his hand, they said to one another, “Surely this man is a murderer. Although he was saved from the sea, Justice has not allowed him to live.”

1 John 3:12
Do not be like Cain, who belonged to the evil one and murdered his brother. And why did Cain slay him? Because his own deeds were evil, while those of his brother were righteous.

Revelation 13:10
“If anyone is destined for captivity, into captivity he will go; if anyone is to die by the sword, by the sword he must be killed.” Here is a call for the perseverance and faith of the saints.


Treasury of Scripture

Or if he smite him with an hand weapon of wood, with which he may die, and he die, he is a murderer: the murderer shall surely be put to death.

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Blows Causing Death Die Died Dies Dieth Hand Hands Hits Instrument Kill Life Murderer Object Result Smite Smitten Smote Someone Struck Surely Taker Weapon Whereby Wherewith Wood Wooden
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Blows Causing Death Die Died Dies Dieth Hand Hands Hits Instrument Kill Life Murderer Object Result Smite Smitten Smote Someone Struck Surely Taker Weapon Whereby Wherewith Wood Wooden
Numbers 35
1. Forty-eight cities for the Levites, with their suburbs, and measure thereof
6. Six of them are to be cities of refuge
9. The laws of murder and manslaughter
31. No satisfaction for murder














If anyone has in his hand
This phrase indicates personal responsibility and intent. The Hebrew word for "hand" is "yad," which often symbolizes power, control, or possession. In ancient Israelite culture, the hand was seen as an extension of one's will and actions. This phrase underscores the personal accountability of the individual who wields the object, emphasizing that the act is deliberate and within the person's control.

a wooden object capable of causing death
The use of a "wooden object" highlights the premeditated nature of the act. Wood, in the ancient Near East, was a common material for tools and weapons. The Hebrew word for "wood" is "ets," which can refer to anything from a simple stick to a crafted weapon. This phrase suggests that the object is not inherently lethal but becomes so through the intent and force applied by the individual. It reflects the seriousness with which the law views the misuse of everyday items for harm.

and he strikes another man and kills him
The act of striking is deliberate and violent. The Hebrew verb "nakah" is used here, which means to strike, smite, or hit. This word conveys a sense of aggression and intent to harm. The phrase "and kills him" indicates the outcome of the action, emphasizing the gravity of taking a life. In the context of ancient Israelite law, this act disrupts the community's peace and order, necessitating justice.

the murderer must surely be put to death
This phrase reflects the principle of lex talionis, or the law of retribution, which is a foundational concept in biblical justice. The Hebrew word for "murderer" is "rotzeach," which specifically refers to one who commits intentional homicide. The phrase "must surely be put to death" uses the Hebrew construction "mot yumat," a strong imperative indicating the certainty and necessity of the death penalty for murder. This reflects the sanctity of life in biblical law and the need for justice to maintain societal order. The death penalty serves as both a punishment and a deterrent, underscoring the value God places on human life and the seriousness of taking it unlawfully.

Verse 18. - A hand weapon of wood. A club, or other such formidable instrument.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
If
א֡וֹ (’ōw)
Conjunction
Strong's 176: Desire, if

anyone has in his hand
יָד֩ (yāḏ)
Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 3027: A hand

a deadly
יָמ֨וּת (yā·mūṯ)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 4191: To die, to kill

object
בִּכְלִ֣י (biḵ·lî)
Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3627: Something prepared, any apparatus

of wood,
עֵֽץ־ (‘êṣ-)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 6086: Tree, trees, wood

and he strikes
הִכָּ֛הוּ (hik·kā·hū)
Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine singular
Strong's 5221: To strike

and kills another,
וַיָּמֹ֖ת (way·yā·mōṯ)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 4191: To die, to kill

he is a murderer;
רֹצֵ֣חַֽ (rō·ṣê·aḥ)
Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular
Strong's 7523: To dash in pieces, kill, to murder

the murderer
הָרֹצֵֽחַ׃ (hā·rō·ṣê·aḥ)
Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular
Strong's 7523: To dash in pieces, kill, to murder

must surely be put to death.
מ֥וֹת (mō·wṯ)
Verb - Qal - Infinitive absolute
Strong's 4191: To die, to kill


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OT Law: Numbers 35:18 Or if he struck him (Nu Num.)
Numbers 35:17
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