Joshua 11:3 to the Canaanites in the east and west; to the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, and Jebusites in the hill country; and to the Hivites at the foot of Hermon in the land of Mizpah.

◄ Joshua 11:3 ►

New International Version
to the Canaanites in the east and west; to the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites and Jebusites in the hill country; and to the Hivites below Hermon in the region of Mizpah.

New Living Translation
the kings of Canaan, both east and west; the kings of the Amorites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Jebusites in the hill country, and the Hivites in the towns on the slopes of Mount Hermon in the land of Mizpah.

English Standard Version
to the Canaanites in the east and the west, the Amorites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, and the Jebusites in the hill country, and the Hivites under Hermon in the land of Mizpah.

Berean Standard Bible
to the Canaanites in the east and west; to the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, and Jebusites in the hill country; and to the Hivites at the foot of Hermon in the land of Mizpah.

King James Bible
And to the Canaanite on the east and on the west, and to the Amorite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, and the Jebusite in the mountains, and to the Hivite under Hermon in the land of Mizpeh.

New King James Version
to the Canaanites in the east and in the west, the Amorite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, the Jebusite in the mountains, and the Hivite below Hermon in the land of Mizpah.

New American Standard Bible
to the Canaanite on the east and on the west, and the Amorite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, and the Jebusite in the hill country, and the Hivite at the foot of Hermon in the land of Mizpeh.

NASB 1995
to the Canaanite on the east and on the west, and the Amorite and the Hittite and the Perizzite and the Jebusite in the hill country, and the Hivite at the foot of Hermon in the land of Mizpeh.

NASB 1977
to the Canaanite on the east and on the west, and the Amorite and the Hittite and the Perizzite and the Jebusite in the hill country, and the Hivite at the foot of Hermon in the land of Mizpeh.

Legacy Standard Bible
to the Canaanite on the east and on the west, and the Amorite and the Hittite and the Perizzite and the Jebusite in the hill country, and the Hivite at the foot of Hermon in the land of Mizpeh.

Amplified Bible
to the Canaanite in the east and in the west, and to the Amorite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, and the Jebusite in the hill country, and the Hivite at the foot of [Mount] Hermon in the land of Mizpeh.

Christian Standard Bible
the Canaanites in the east and west, the Amorites, Hethites, Perizzites, and Jebusites in the hill country, and the Hivites at the foot of Hermon in the land of Mizpah.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
the Canaanites in the east and west, the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, and Jebusites in the hill country, and the Hivites at the foot of Hermon in the land of Mizpah.

American Standard Version
to the Canaanite on the east and on the west, and the Amorite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, and the Jebusite in the hill-country, and the Hivite under Hermon in the land of Mizpah.

Contemporary English Version
He sent messages to the Canaanite kings in the east and the west, to the Amorite, Hittite, Perizzite, and Jebusite kings in the hill country, and to the Hivite kings in the region of Mizpah, near the foot of Mount Hermon.

English Revised Version
to the Canaanite on the east and on the west, and the Amorite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, and the Jebusite in the hill country, and the Hivite under Hermon in the land of Mizpah.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
the Canaanites from east and west, the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, the Jebusites in the mountains, and the Hivites at the foot of Mount Hermon in Mizpah.

Good News Translation
He also sent word to the Canaanites on both sides of the Jordan, to the Amorites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, and the Jebusites in the hill country, as well as to the Hivites who lived at the foot of Mount Hermon in the land of Mizpah.

International Standard Version
to the eastern and western Canaanites—the Amorites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Jebusites in the hill country, and the Hivites below Hermon in the territory of Mizpah.

Majority Standard Bible
to the Canaanites in the east and west; to the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, and Jebusites in the hill country; and to the Hivites at the foot of Hermon in the land of Mizpah.

NET Bible
Canaanites came from the east and west; Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, and Jebusites from the hill country; and Hivites from below Hermon in the area of Mizpah.

New Heart English Bible
to the Canaanite on the east and on the west, and the Amorite, and the Hethite, and the Perizzite, and the Jebusite in the hill country, and the Hivite under Hermon in the land of Mizpah.

Webster's Bible Translation
And to the Canaanite on the east and on the west, and to the Amorite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, and the Jebusite in the mountains, and to the Hivite under Hermon in the land of Mizpeh.

World English Bible
to the Canaanite on the east and on the west, the Amorite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, the Jebusite in the hill country, and the Hivite under Hermon in the land of Mizpah.

Literal Translations

Literal Standard Version
[to] the Canaanite on the east, and on the west, and the Amorite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, and the Jebusite in the hill-country, and the Hivite under Hermon, in the land of Mizpeh—

Young's Literal Translation
to the Canaanite on the east, and on the west, and the Amorite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, and the Jebusite in the hill-country, and the Hivite under Hermon, in the land of Mizpeh --

Smith's Literal Translation
The Canaanite from the sun-rising and from the sea, and the Amorite and the Hittite and the Perizzite, and the Jebusite in the mountain, and the Hivite under Hermon in the land of Mizpeh.

Catholic Translations

Douay-Rheims Bible
To the Chanaanites also on the ease and on the west, and the Amorrhite, and the Hethite, and the Pherezite, and the Jebusite in the mountains: to the Hevite also who dwelt at the foot of Hermon in the land of Maspha.

Catholic Public Domain Version
also to the Canaanites, from east to west, and to the Amorite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, and the Jebusite in the mountains, also to the Hivite who was living at the base of Hermon, in the land of Mizpah.

New American Bible
These were Canaanites to the east and west, Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, and Jebusites in the mountain regions, and Hivites at the foot of Hermon in the land of Mizpah.

New Revised Standard Version
to the Canaanites in the east and the west, the Amorites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, and the Jebusites in the hill country, and the Hivites under Hermon in the land of Mizpah.

Translations from Aramaic

Lamsa Bible
And to the Canaanites on the east and on the west, and to the Amorites and the Hittites and the Perizzites and the Jebusites in the mountains, and to the Hivites below mount Hermon in the land of Mizpeh.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
To the Canaanites from the East and from the West and the Amorites and the Khithites and the Perizzites and the Yebusites that were on the hills and to the Khivites below the Mountain of Khermon that are in the land of Dawqay

OT Translations

JPS Tanakh 1917
to the Canaanite on the east and on the west, and the Amorite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, and the Jebusite in the hill-country, and the Hivite under Hermon in the land of Mizpah.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
and to the Chananites on the coast eastward, and to the Amorites on the coast, and the Chettites, and the Pherezites, and the Jebusites in the mountain, and the Evites, and those dwelling under mount Aermon in the land Massyma.

Additional Translations ...

Audio Bible

Context

Conquest of the Northern Cities
…2to the kings of the north in the mountains, in the Arabah south of Chinnereth, in the foothills, and in Naphoth-dor to the west; 3to the Canaanites in the east and west; to the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, and Jebusites in the hill country; and to the Hivites at the foot of Hermon in the land of Mizpah. 4So these kings came out with all their armies, a multitude as numerous as the sand on the seashore, along with a great number of horses and chariots.…

Berean Standard Bible · Download

Cross References

Numbers 13:29
The Amalekites live in the land of the Negev; the Hittites, Jebusites, and Amorites live in the hill country; and the Canaanites live by the sea and along the Jordan.”

Judges 3:3
the five rulers of the Philistines, all the Canaanites, the Sidonians, and the Hivites who lived in the mountains of Lebanon from Mount Baal-hermon to Lebo-hamath.

Deuteronomy 7:1
When the LORD your God brings you into the land that you are entering to possess, and He drives out before you many nations—the Hittites, Girgashites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites, seven nations larger and stronger than you—

Joshua 9:1
Now when news of this reached all the kings west of the Jordan—those in the hill country, the foothills, and all along the coast of the Great Sea toward Lebanon (the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites)—

Joshua 12:8
the hill country, the foothills, the Arabah, the slopes, the wilderness, and the Negev—the lands of the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites):

1 Kings 9:20-21
As for all the people who remained of the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites (the people who were not Israelites)— / their descendants who remained in the land, those whom the Israelites were unable to devote to destruction—Solomon conscripted these people to be forced laborers, as they are to this day.

Genesis 15:18-21
On that day the LORD made a covenant with Abram, saying, “To your descendants I have given this land—from the river of Egypt to the great River Euphrates— / the land of the Kenites, Kenizzites, Kadmonites, / Hittites, Perizzites, Rephaites, ...

Exodus 3:8
I have come down to rescue them from the hand of the Egyptians and to bring them up out of that land to a good and spacious land, a land flowing with milk and honey—the home of the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites.

Deuteronomy 20:17
For you must devote them to complete destruction—the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites—as the LORD your God has commanded you,

1 Samuel 7:14
The cities from Ekron to Gath, which the Philistines had taken, were restored to Israel, who also delivered the surrounding territory from the hand of the Philistines. And there was peace between the Israelites and the Amorites.

1 Chronicles 1:13-16
And Canaan was the father of Sidon his firstborn, and of the Hittites, / the Jebusites, the Amorites, the Girgashites, / the Hivites, the Arkites, the Sinites, ...

Ezekiel 16:3
and tell her that this is what the Lord GOD says to Jerusalem: Your origin and your birth were in the land of the Canaanites. Your father was an Amorite and your mother a Hittite.

Matthew 15:22
And a Canaanite woman from that region came to Him, crying out, “Lord, Son of David, have mercy on me! My daughter is miserably possessed by a demon.”

Mark 7:26
Now she was a Greek woman of Syrophoenician origin, and she kept asking Jesus to drive the demon out of her daughter.

Acts 13:19
And having vanquished seven nations in Canaan, He gave their land to His people as an inheritance.

Treasury of Scripture

And to the Canaanite on the east and on the west, and to the Amorite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, and the Jebusite in the mountains, and to the Hivite under Hermon in the land of Mizpeh.

the Jebusite

Joshua 15:63
As for the Jebusites the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the children of Judah could not drive them out: but the Jebusites dwell with the children of Judah at Jerusalem unto this day.

Numbers 13:29
The Amalekites dwell in the land of the south: and the Hittites, and the Jebusites, and the Amorites, dwell in the mountains: and the Canaanites dwell by the sea, and by the coast of Jordan.

2 Samuel 24:16
And when the angel stretched out his hand upon Jerusalem to destroy it, the LORD repented him of the evil, and said to the angel that destroyed the people, It is enough: stay now thine hand. And the angel of the LORD was by the threshingplace of Araunah the Jebusite.

Hivite

Judges 3:3
Namely, five lords of the Philistines, and all the Canaanites, and the Sidonians, and the Hivites that dwelt in mount Lebanon, from mount Baalhermon unto the entering in of Hamath.

Hermon

Joshua 13:11
And Gilead, and the border of the Geshurites and Maachathites, and all mount Hermon, and all Bashan unto Salcah;

Deuteronomy 4:48
From Aroer, which is by the bank of the river Arnon, even unto mount Sion, which is Hermon,

Psalm 89:12
The north and the south thou hast created them: Tabor and Hermon shall rejoice in thy name.

land

Joshua 18:26
And Mizpeh, and Chephirah, and Mozah,

Genesis 31:49
And Mizpah; for he said, The LORD watch between me and thee, when we are absent one from another.

Judges 20:1
Then all the children of Israel went out, and the congregation was gathered together as one man, from Dan even to Beersheba, with the land of Gilead, unto the LORD in Mizpeh.

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Amorite Amorites Below Canaanite Canaanites Country East Hermon Hill Hill-Country Hittite Hittites Hivite Hivites Jebusite Jebusites Jeb'usites Mizpah Mizpeh Mountains Perizzite Perizzites Per'izzites West

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Joshua 11

1. Diverse kings overcome at the waters of Merom
10. Hazor is taken and burnt
16. All the country taken by Joshua
21. The Anakims cut off
23. The land rests from war

Berean Study Bible

to the Canaanites in the east and west
The term "Canaanites" refers to the inhabitants of Canaan, a region that encompasses modern-day Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, and parts of Syria and Jordan. The Canaanites were known for their polytheistic beliefs and practices, which were in direct opposition to the monotheistic worship of Yahweh by the Israelites. The mention of "east and west" signifies the widespread presence of these people across the land, highlighting the vastness of the territory that the Israelites were to conquer. Historically, the Canaanites were a collection of city-states, each with its own king, which made them formidable opponents.

to the Amorites
The Amorites were a significant group in the ancient Near East, often mentioned in the Bible as one of the peoples inhabiting the Promised Land. The name "Amorite" is derived from the Hebrew root "Amor," which means "to speak" or "to say," possibly indicating their reputation as negotiators or diplomats. Archaeological evidence suggests that the Amorites were originally nomadic tribes who settled in the region and established powerful kingdoms. Their presence in the land posed a significant challenge to the Israelites, as they were known for their military prowess and fortified cities.

Hittites
The Hittites were an ancient Anatolian people who established a vast empire in what is now Turkey and northern Syria. In the biblical context, the Hittites in Canaan were likely smaller groups or colonies that had settled in the region. The Hebrew term for Hittites is "Hitti," which is related to the larger Hittite Empire known for its advanced culture and legal system. The presence of Hittites in Canaan is a testament to the region's cultural and ethnic diversity, as well as the complex political landscape that the Israelites encountered.

Perizzites
The Perizzites are one of the lesser-known groups mentioned in the Bible, often listed among the inhabitants of Canaan. The name "Perizzite" is thought to derive from a root meaning "rural" or "villager," suggesting that they were a people who lived in open country or unwalled villages. This contrasts with the more urbanized and fortified city-states of other Canaanite groups. The Perizzites' way of life would have been significantly different from that of the Israelites, who were transitioning from a nomadic existence to a settled agricultural society.

Jebusites in the hill country
The Jebusites were the original inhabitants of Jerusalem, known in ancient times as Jebus. The "hill country" refers to the mountainous region of central Canaan, which includes Jerusalem. The Jebusites were a Canaanite tribe with a stronghold in this strategically important area. The Hebrew root "Yebus" is associated with "treading down" or "trampling," possibly reflecting their fortified position and resistance to conquest. The eventual capture of Jerusalem by King David marked a significant turning point in Israelite history, establishing the city as the political and spiritual center of Israel.

Hivites below Hermon
The Hivites were another Canaanite group, and their mention "below Hermon" indicates their settlement in the northern part of Canaan, near Mount Hermon. This mountain is a significant geographical landmark, known for its height and snow-capped peaks. The Hebrew root "Chivvi" is related to "villager" or "tent-dweller," suggesting a semi-nomadic lifestyle. The Hivites' location near Hermon placed them in a region of strategic importance, controlling trade routes and access to resources.

in the land of Mizpah
"Mizpah" means "watchtower" or "lookout" in Hebrew, indicating a place of strategic observation and defense. There were several locations named Mizpah in the Bible, each serving as a significant site for gatherings, covenants, or military actions. The land of Mizpah mentioned here is likely a specific area known for its elevated position, providing a vantage point over the surrounding territory. This highlights the strategic considerations in the conquest of Canaan, as controlling such locations was crucial for the Israelites' success.

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(3) The land of Mizpeh is thought to be the plain El-Bukei'a, west of Hermon.

Pulpit Commentary

Verse 3. - To the Canaanite (see note on Joshua 3:10). This confederacy was yet more formidable than the other (ver. 5), but was as signally defeated by Joshua's promptitude (see ver. 7). We are reminded of the swift march of our own Harold, and its results at Stamford Bridge; with this difference, however, that the enemy, instead of being engaged in triumphant festivity, was preparing for an expedition against a much dreaded enemy, who was believed to be far off. Napoleon had nearly achieved a similar surprise at Quatre Bras and Ligny. The Jebusite in the mountains. Jerusalem was not yet taken. From the neighbourhood of that as yet unconquered city, and probably from itself, Jabin drew his auxiliaries, while Joshua was as yet fully occupied in the south. Hermon in the land of Mizpeh. Mizpeh, or Ham-mizpah, as it is usually called (save in ver. 8; Judges 11:29; 1 Samuel 22:3; Hosea 5:1), i.e., the watch-tower, was a common name among the Israelites. There was one in Judah (Joshua 15:38), in Benjamin (Joshua 18:26), in Gilead (Judges 11:29; cf. Genesis 31:49; Joshua 13:26), and in Moab (1 Samuel 22:3). Ritter (ii. 353) mentions the large number of watch towers, of which the ruins may still he traced, along the line of the great watershed of Judea. This one was probably far to the north, on the northwestern side of Hermon, commading a view of the plain of Coele Syria, which extended from southwest to northeast between Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon. This vast plain is still known as the Bukei'a (see note on Joshua 5:8), though Robinson denies that this Bukei'a is meant, because the Bukei'a properly so called was not under Hermon. This makes it possible that Mizpeh might have been on the south. eastern side of Hermon, where also an extensive view might be had. Ritter, however, says it can be no other than "the great plain which extends north of Lake Huleh, from its narrow western margin to Banias, that is, the plain south and southwest of Hermon. Some have supposed the meaning of Mizpeh to be equivalent to Belle Vue in modern days. But the meaning "watchtower" suggests ideas more in keeping with those rude times, in which our modern appreciation of scenery was a rare quality. It was not the beauty of the view which was valued, but its extent, as giving timely notice of the approach of an enemy. Mount Hermon has already been mentioned in the note on Joshua 1:4. Some further particulars may here be added. We find in Deuteronomy 3:9 that the Amorites call the mountain Shenir, and the Sidonians Sirion. It is very remarkable, and bears on the authorship of the Song of Solomon, that the Amorite name Shenir is given to Hermon in Song of Solomon 4:8. Was the song addressed to a Hittite wife, or had Solomon an Amorite one? In Deuteronomy 4:48 Hermon is called Sion. With the former of these passages we may compare Psalm 29:6. But we must not confound (as even a writer so well informed as Bitter does) the Zion, or Tzion (sunny mount), of Psalm 133, where Hermon is mentioned, with the Sion, or "lofty mountain" (spelt with Sin, not Tzade), in Deuteronomy 4:48. Vandevelde asks why the mountain is called by so many names, and replies that it is because "it is a cluster of mountains many days' journey in circumference." A much better reason is suggested by the fact mentioned in our former note - that, as the highest ground in Palestine, it was visible from every part of it. The name Sirion, or the coat of mail, was no doubt given from its glittering, surface. It is to be feared that the reason given above for the Sidonian name diminishes the probability of the remarkable argument in Blunt's 'Coincidences,' part 2:2, derived from the Sidonian settlement (Judges 18.) at the foot of Hermon.

Parallel Commentaries ...

Hebrew

to the Canaanites
הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ (hak·kə·na·‘ă·nî)
Article | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3669: Canaanite -- inhabitant of Canaan

in the east
מִמִּזְרָ֣ח (mim·miz·rāḥ)
Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 4217: Place of sunrise, the east

and west,
וּמִיָּ֔ם (ū·mî·yām)
Conjunctive waw, Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 3220: A sea, the Mediterranean Sea, large river, an artifical basin

to the Amorites,
וְהָאֱמֹרִ֧י (wə·hā·’ĕ·mō·rî)
Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 567: Amorites -- perhaps 'mountain dwellers', a Canaanite tribe

Hittites,
וְהַחִתִּ֛י (wə·ha·ḥit·tî)
Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 2850: Hittite -- a Chittite

Perizzites,
וְהַפְּרִזִּ֥י (wə·hap·pə·riz·zî)
Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 6522: Perizzite -- a people in the land of Canaan

and Jebusites
וְהַיְבוּסִ֖י (wə·hay·ḇū·sî)
Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 2983: Jebusite -- inhabitant of Jebus

in the hill country,
בָּהָ֑ר (bā·hār)
Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 2022: Mountain, hill, hill country

and to the Hivites
וְהַֽחִוִּי֙ (wə·ha·ḥiw·wî)
Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 2340: Hivite -- a Chivvite

at the foot of
תַּ֣חַת (ta·ḥaṯ)
Preposition
Strong's 8478: The bottom, below, in lieu of

Hermon
חֶרְמ֔וֹן (ḥer·mō·wn)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 2768: Hermon -- 'sacred', a mountain in southern Aram (Syria) and Northern Israel

in the land
בְּאֶ֖רֶץ (bə·’e·reṣ)
Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct
Strong's 776: Earth, land

of Mizpah.
הַמִּצְפָּֽה׃ (ham·miṣ·pāh)
Article | Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 4709: Mizpah -- the name of several places in Israel

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OT History: Joshua 11:3 To the Canaanite on the east (Josh. Jos)