Ezekiel 17:18
New International Version
He despised the oath by breaking the covenant. Because he had given his hand in pledge and yet did all these things, he shall not escape.

New Living Translation
For the king of Israel disregarded his treaty and broke it after swearing to obey; therefore, he will not escape.

English Standard Version
He despised the oath in breaking the covenant, and behold, he gave his hand and did all these things; he shall not escape.

Berean Standard Bible
He despised the oath by breaking the covenant. Seeing that he gave his hand in pledge yet did all these things, he will not escape!’

King James Bible
Seeing he despised the oath by breaking the covenant, when, lo, he had given his hand, and hath done all these things, he shall not escape.

New King James Version
Since he despised the oath by breaking the covenant, and in fact gave his hand and still did all these things, he shall not escape.’ ”

New American Standard Bible
Now he despised the oath by breaking the covenant, and behold, he pledged his allegiance, yet did all these things; he shall not escape.’”

NASB 1995
‘Now he despised the oath by breaking the covenant, and behold, he pledged his allegiance, yet did all these things; he shall not escape.’”

NASB 1977
‘Now he despised the oath by breaking the covenant, and behold, he pledged his allegiance, yet did all these things; he shall not escape.’”

Legacy Standard Bible
Now he despised the oath by breaking the covenant, and behold, he pledged his allegiance, yet did all these things; he shall not escape.’”

Amplified Bible
Now Zedekiah dishonored the oath by breaking the covenant, and behold, he gave his hand and pledged his allegiance, yet did all these things; he shall not escape.’”

Christian Standard Bible
He despised the oath by breaking the covenant. He did all these things even though he gave his hand in pledge. He will not escape!

Holman Christian Standard Bible
He despised the oath by breaking the covenant. He did all these things even though he gave his hand in pledge. He will not escape!”

American Standard Version
For he hath despised the oath by breaking the covenant; and behold, he had given his hand, and yet hath done all these things; he shall not escape.

Contemporary English Version
The king of Judah broke his own promises and ignored the treaty with Babylonia. And so he will be punished!

English Revised Version
For he hath despised the oath by breaking the covenant; and behold, he had given his hand, and yet hath done all these things; he shall not escape.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
The king of Judah broke the promise and the treaty that he pledged to keep. He did all these things, and he can't go unpunished.

Good News Translation
He broke his oath and the treaty he had made. He did all these things, and now he will not escape."

International Standard Version
He despised the oath he had made and broke the covenant. Look! Because he willingly submitted, yet he has done all these things, he won't escape.

Majority Standard Bible
He despised the oath by breaking the covenant. Seeing that he gave his hand in pledge yet did all these things, he will not escape!’

NET Bible
He despised the oath by breaking the covenant. Take note--he gave his promise and did all these things--he will not escape!

New Heart English Bible
For he has despised the oath by breaking the covenant; and look, he had given his hand, and yet has done all these things; he shall not escape.'

Webster's Bible Translation
Seeing he despised the oath by breaking the covenant, when lo, he had given his hand, and hath done all these things, he shall not escape.

World English Bible
For he has despised the oath by breaking the covenant; and behold, he had given his hand, and yet has done all these things. He won’t escape.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
And he despised the oath—to break covenant, "" And behold, he has given his hand, "" And all these he has done—he does not escape.

Young's Literal Translation
And he despised the oath -- to break covenant, And lo, he hath given his hand, And all these he hath done, he escapeth not.

Smith's Literal Translation
And he despised the oath to break the covenant, and behold, he gave his hand, and doing all these he shall not escape.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
For he had despised the oath, breaking his covenant, and behold he hath given his hand: and having done all these things, he shall not escape.

Catholic Public Domain Version
For he has despised an oath, in that he broke the pact. And behold, he had given his hand. And so, since he has done all these things, he shall not escape.

New American Bible
He ignored his oath, breaking his covenant; even though he gave his hand, he did all these things— he shall not escape!

New Revised Standard Version
Because he despised the oath and broke the covenant, because he gave his hand and yet did all these things, he shall not escape.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
Because he has despised the oaths and nullified the covenant, he shall surrender, but he shall not be delivered, because he has done all these things.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
Because he despised the oaths and he nullified the covenant, he shall surrender his hand, and he shall not be delivered, because he did all these things
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
seeing he hath despised the oath by breaking the covenant, when, lo, he had given his hand, and hath done all these things, he shall not escape.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
Whereas he has profaned the oath so as to break the covenant, when, behold, I engage his hand, and he has done all these things to him, he shall not escape.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
The Parable Explained
17Pharaoh with his mighty army and vast horde will not help him in battle, when ramps are built and siege walls constructed to destroy many lives. 18He despised the oath by breaking the covenant. Seeing that he gave his hand in pledge yet did all these things, he will not escape!’ 19Therefore this is what the Lord GOD says: ‘As surely as I live, I will bring down upon his head My oath that he despised and My covenant that he broke.…

Cross References
2 Kings 24:20
For because of the anger of the LORD, all this happened in Jerusalem and Judah, until He finally banished them from His presence. And Zedekiah also rebelled against the king of Babylon.

2 Chronicles 36:13
He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God. But Zedekiah stiffened his neck and hardened his heart against turning to the LORD, the God of Israel.

Jeremiah 52:3
For because of the anger of the LORD, all this happened in Jerusalem and Judah, until He finally banished them from His presence. And Zedekiah also rebelled against the king of Babylon.

Jeremiah 27:9-11
But as for you, do not listen to your prophets, your diviners, your interpreters of dreams, your mediums, or your sorcerers who declare, ‘You will not serve the king of Babylon.’ / For they prophesy to you a lie that will serve to remove you from your land; I will banish you and you will perish. / But the nation that will put its neck under the yoke of the king of Babylon and serve him, I will leave in its own land, to cultivate it and reside in it, declares the LORD.”

Jeremiah 34:18-20
And those who have transgressed My covenant and have not fulfilled the terms of the covenant they made before Me, I will treat like the calf they cut in two in order to pass between its pieces. / The officials of Judah and Jerusalem, the court officials, the priests, and all the people of the land who passed between the pieces of the calf, / I will deliver into the hands of their enemies who seek their lives. Their corpses will become food for the birds of the air and the beasts of the earth.

Jeremiah 38:17-18
Then Jeremiah said to Zedekiah, “This is what the LORD God of Hosts, the God of Israel, says: ‘If you indeed surrender to the officers of the king of Babylon, then you will live, this city will not be burned down, and you and your household will survive. / But if you do not surrender to the officers of the king of Babylon, then this city will be delivered into the hands of the Chaldeans. They will burn it down, and you yourself will not escape their grasp.’”

Jeremiah 37:2
But he and his officers and the people of the land refused to obey the words that the LORD had spoken through Jeremiah the prophet.

Isaiah 24:5
The earth is defiled by its people; they have transgressed the laws; they have overstepped the decrees and broken the everlasting covenant.

Hosea 10:4
They speak mere words; with false oaths they make covenants. So judgment springs up like poisonous weeds in the furrows of a field.

Psalm 55:20
My companion attacks his friends; he violates his covenant.

Psalm 89:34
I will not violate My covenant or alter the utterance of My lips.

Numbers 30:2
If a man makes a vow to the LORD or swears an oath to obligate himself by a pledge, he must not break his word; he must do everything he has promised.

Deuteronomy 23:21
If you make a vow to the LORD your God, do not be slow to keep it, because He will surely require it of you, and you will be guilty of sin.

Matthew 5:33-37
Again, you have heard that it was said to the ancients, ‘Do not break your oath, but fulfill your vows to the Lord.’ / But I tell you not to swear at all: either by heaven, for it is God’s throne; / or by the earth, for it is His footstool; or by Jerusalem, for it is the city of the great King. ...

Romans 1:31
They are senseless, faithless, heartless, merciless.


Treasury of Scripture

Seeing he despised the oath by breaking the covenant, when, see, he had given his hand, and has done all these things, he shall not escape.

Seeing.

lo, he.

1 Chronicles 29:24
And all the princes, and the mighty men, and all the sons likewise of king David, submitted themselves unto Solomon the king.

2 Chronicles 30:8
Now be ye not stiffnecked, as your fathers were, but yield yourselves unto the LORD, and enter into his sanctuary, which he hath sanctified for ever: and serve the LORD your God, that the fierceness of his wrath may turn away from you.

Lamentations 5:6
We have given the hand to the Egyptians, and to the Assyrians, to be satisfied with bread.

he shall

Ezekiel 7:15
The sword is without, and the pestilence and the famine within: he that is in the field shall die with the sword; and he that is in the city, famine and pestilence shall devour him.

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Ezekiel 17
1. Under the parable of two eagles and a vine
11. is shown God's judgment upon Jerusalem for revolting from Babylon to Egypt
22. God promises to plant the cedar of the Gospel














Since he despised the oath
The phrase "despised the oath" indicates a profound disregard for a solemn promise. In Hebrew, the word for "despised" is "בָּזָה" (bazah), which conveys a sense of contempt or scorn. Oaths in the ancient Near Eastern context were sacred and binding, often invoking the name of God as a witness. To despise an oath was not merely a breach of contract but a spiritual offense against God Himself, who is the ultimate guarantor of truth and faithfulness. This highlights the gravity of the king's actions, as he not only broke a political agreement but also showed contempt for divine authority.

by breaking the covenant
The term "covenant" (Hebrew: "בְּרִית" - berit) is central to biblical theology, representing a binding agreement between two parties, often between God and His people. In this context, it refers to a political treaty between the king of Judah and Babylon. Breaking a covenant was a serious violation, as covenants were considered inviolable and sacred. Historically, covenants were sealed with rituals and sacrifices, underscoring their solemnity. The breaking of this covenant symbolizes a deeper spiritual rebellion against God's ordained order and His instruments of judgment.

and in fact gave his hand in pledge
The phrase "gave his hand in pledge" signifies a formal act of agreement or alliance. In ancient cultures, giving one's hand was a gesture of commitment and trust, akin to a handshake today. This act was a public declaration of fidelity and support. The king's failure to uphold this pledge reveals a duplicity in character, as he outwardly committed to an agreement while inwardly planning to betray it. This duplicity is condemned in Scripture, as God values integrity and truthfulness in His people.

yet did all these things
This phrase underscores the king's deliberate and conscious choice to act against his sworn promises. The Hebrew construction suggests a willful and persistent course of action, highlighting the king's intentional rebellion. It serves as a reminder of the human tendency to rationalize sin and the importance of aligning actions with professed beliefs. The king's actions are a cautionary tale of the consequences of living a life of hypocrisy and deceit.

he will not escape
The declaration "he will not escape" is a pronouncement of inevitable judgment. In the biblical narrative, God's justice is portrayed as inescapable and certain. The Hebrew root "מָלַט" (malat) means to slip away or be delivered, and its negation here emphasizes the certainty of divine retribution. This serves as a sobering reminder of the seriousness with which God views broken promises and the assurance that His justice will ultimately prevail. It calls believers to a life of faithfulness and integrity, trusting in God's righteous judgment.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
He despised
וּבָזָ֥ה (ū·ḇā·zāh)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 959: To disesteem

the oath
אָלָ֖ה (’ā·lāh)
Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 423: An imprecation

by breaking
לְהָפֵ֣ר (lə·hā·p̄êr)
Preposition-l | Verb - Hifil - Infinitive construct
Strong's 6565: To break up, to violate, frustrate

the covenant.
בְּרִ֑ית (bə·rîṯ)
Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 1285: A covenant

Seeing that
וְהִנֵּ֨ה (wə·hin·nêh)
Conjunctive waw | Interjection
Strong's 2009: Lo! behold!

he gave
נָתַ֥ן (nā·ṯan)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 5414: To give, put, set

his hand in pledge
יָד֛וֹ (yā·ḏōw)
Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 3027: A hand

yet did
עָשָׂ֖ה (‘ā·śāh)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 6213: To do, make

all
וְכָל־ (wə·ḵāl)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every

these,
אֵ֥לֶּה (’êl·leh)
Pronoun - common plural
Strong's 428: These, those

he will not
לֹ֥א (lō)
Adverb - Negative particle
Strong's 3808: Not, no

escape!’
יִמָּלֵֽט׃ (yim·mā·lêṭ)
Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 4422: To be smooth, to escape, to release, rescue, to bring forth young, emit sparks


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OT Prophets: Ezekiel 17:18 For he has despised the oath (Ezek. Eze Ezk)
Ezekiel 17:17
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