Exodus 10:27
New International Version
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he was not willing to let them go.

New Living Translation
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart once more, and he would not let them go.

English Standard Version
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he would not let them go.

Berean Standard Bible
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he was unwilling to let them go.

King James Bible
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he would not let them go.

New King James Version
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he would not let them go.

New American Standard Bible
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he was not willing to let them go.

NASB 1995
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he was not willing to let them go.

NASB 1977
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he was not willing to let them go.

Legacy Standard Bible
But Yahweh hardened Pharaoh’s heart with strength, and he was not willing to let them go.

Amplified Bible
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he was not willing to let them go.

Christian Standard Bible
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he was unwilling to let them go.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he was unwilling to let them go.

American Standard Version
But Jehovah hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he would not let them go.

Contemporary English Version
This time the LORD made the king so stubborn

English Revised Version
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he would not let them go.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
But the LORD made Pharaoh stubborn, so he refused to let them go.

Good News Translation
The LORD made the king stubborn, and he would not let them go.

International Standard Version
The LORD made Pharaoh's heart stubborn, and he did not want to let them go.

Majority Standard Bible
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh?s heart, and he was unwilling to let them go.

NET Bible
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he was not willing to release them.

New Heart English Bible
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he wouldn't let them go.

Webster's Bible Translation
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he would not let them go.

World English Bible
But Yahweh hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he wouldn’t let them go.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
And YHWH strengthens the heart of Pharaoh, and he has not been willing to send them away;

Young's Literal Translation
And Jehovah strengtheneth the heart of Pharaoh, and he hath not been willing to send them away;

Smith's Literal Translation
And Jehovah will bind fast the heart of Pharaoh, and he not being willing to send them forth.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
And the Lord hardened Pharao's heart, and he would not let them go.

Catholic Public Domain Version
But the Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh, and he was not willing to release them.

New American Bible
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he was unwilling to let them go.

New Revised Standard Version
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he was unwilling to let them go.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart and he would not let them go.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And LORD JEHOVAH hardened the heart of Pharaoh and he did not want to send them away.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he would not let them go.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
But the Lord hardened the heart of Pharao, and he would not let them go.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
The Ninth Plague: Darkness
26Even our livestock must go with us; not a hoof will be left behind, for we will need some of them to worship the LORD our God, and we will not know how we are to worship the LORD until we arrive.” 27But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he was unwilling to let them go. 28“Depart from me!” Pharaoh said to Moses. “Make sure you never see my face again, for on the day you see my face, you will die.”…

Cross References
Romans 9:17-18
For the Scripture says to Pharaoh: “I raised you up for this very purpose, that I might display My power in you, and that My name might be proclaimed in all the earth.” / Therefore God has mercy on whom He wants to have mercy, and He hardens whom He wants to harden.

Exodus 4:21
The LORD instructed Moses, “When you go back to Egypt, see that you perform before Pharaoh all the wonders that I have put within your power. But I will harden his heart so that he will not let the people go.

Exodus 7:3-4
But I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, and though I will multiply My signs and wonders in the land of Egypt, / Pharaoh will not listen to you. Then I will lay My hand on Egypt, and by mighty acts of judgment I will bring the divisions of My people the Israelites out of the land of Egypt.

Exodus 9:12
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he would not listen to them, just as the LORD had said to Moses.

Exodus 11:10
Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh, but the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart so that he would not let the Israelites go out of his land.

Exodus 14:4
And I will harden Pharaoh’s heart so that he will pursue them. But I will gain honor by means of Pharaoh and all his army, and the Egyptians will know that I am the LORD.” So this is what the Israelites did.

Exodus 14:17
And I will harden the hearts of the Egyptians so that they will go in after them. Then I will gain honor by means of Pharaoh and all his army and chariots and horsemen.

Deuteronomy 2:30
But Sihon king of Heshbon would not let us pass through, for the LORD your God had made his spirit stubborn and his heart obstinate, that He might deliver him into your hand, as is the case this day.

Joshua 11:20
For it was of the LORD to harden their hearts to engage Israel in battle, so that they would be set apart for destruction and would receive no mercy, being annihilated as the LORD had commanded Moses.

Isaiah 63:17
Why, O LORD, do You make us stray from Your ways and harden our hearts from fearing You? Return, for the sake of Your servants, the tribes of Your heritage.

John 12:40
“He has blinded their eyes and hardened their hearts, so that they cannot see with their eyes, and understand with their hearts, and turn, and I would heal them.”

2 Thessalonians 2:11-12
For this reason God will send them a powerful delusion so that they believe the lie, / in order that judgment may come upon all who have disbelieved the truth and delighted in wickedness.

Proverbs 21:1
The king’s heart is a waterway in the hand of the LORD; He directs it where He pleases.

1 Samuel 6:6
Why harden your hearts as the Egyptians and Pharaoh hardened theirs? When He afflicted them, did they not send the people out so they could go on their way?

Isaiah 6:9-10
And He replied: “Go and tell this people, ‘Be ever hearing, but never understanding; be ever seeing, but never perceiving.’ / Make the hearts of this people calloused; deafen their ears and close their eyes. Otherwise they might see with their eyes, hear with their ears, understand with their hearts, and turn and be healed.”


Treasury of Scripture

But the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he would not let them go.

Exodus 10:1,20
And the LORD said unto Moses, Go in unto Pharaoh: for I have hardened his heart, and the heart of his servants, that I might shew these my signs before him: …

Exodus 4:21
And the LORD said unto Moses, When thou goest to return into Egypt, see that thou do all those wonders before Pharaoh, which I have put in thine hand: but I will harden his heart, that he shall not let the people go.

Exodus 14:4,8
And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, that he shall follow after them; and I will be honoured upon Pharaoh, and upon all his host; that the Egyptians may know that I am the LORD. And they did so…

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Hard Hardened Heart Pharaoh Pharaoh's Strengtheneth Stubborn Willing Wouldn't
Exodus 10
1. God threatens to send locusts
7. Pharaoh, moved by his servants, inclines to let the Israelites go
12. The plague of the locusts
16. Pharaoh entreats Moses
21. The plague of darkness
24. Pharaoh again entreats Moses, but yet is hardened














But the LORD
This phrase emphasizes the sovereignty and authority of God in the narrative. The Hebrew word for "LORD" here is "YHWH," the sacred and personal name of God, often rendered as Yahweh. This name signifies God's eternal presence and unchanging nature. In the context of Exodus, it underscores God's direct involvement and control over the events unfolding in Egypt. Historically, this reflects the belief in a God who is not distant but actively engaged in the affairs of His people, guiding them according to His divine will.

hardened Pharaoh’s heart
The Hebrew word for "hardened" is "chazaq," which can mean to strengthen, make firm, or harden. This phrase has been the subject of much theological discussion, as it raises questions about free will and divine sovereignty. In the context of Exodus, it illustrates the tension between human obstinacy and divine purpose. God's hardening of Pharaoh's heart serves to demonstrate His power and to fulfill His plan of deliverance for the Israelites. It is a reminder that God's purposes will prevail, even when human hearts resist.

and he was unwilling
The phrase "he was unwilling" highlights Pharaoh's personal responsibility and stubbornness. Despite the divine hardening, Pharaoh's unwillingness to let the Israelites go reflects his own pride and defiance. This serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of resisting God's will. In the broader biblical narrative, it is a call to humility and submission to God's authority, recognizing that true freedom comes from aligning with His purposes.

to let them go
This phrase refers to the Israelites, whom God has chosen to deliver from slavery in Egypt. The act of letting them go is not just a physical release but a spiritual liberation, symbolizing God's redemptive power. In the historical context, the Exodus is a foundational event for the Israelites, marking their transition from bondage to freedom and establishing their identity as God's chosen people. This phrase invites reflection on the themes of deliverance and redemption that are central to the Christian faith, encouraging believers to trust in God's power to liberate and transform.

Verse 27. - Hardened - Again the strong expression, yekhazak, is used, as in ver. 20.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
But the LORD
יְהוָ֖ה (Yah·weh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3068: LORD -- the proper name of the God of Israel

hardened
וַיְחַזֵּ֥ק (way·ḥaz·zêq)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 2388: To fasten upon, to seize, be strong, obstinate, to bind, restrain, conquer

Pharaoh’s
פַּרְעֹ֑ה (par·‘ōh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 6547: Pharaoh -- a title of Egypt kings

heart,
לֵ֣ב (lêḇ)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3820: The heart, the feelings, the will, the intellect, centre

and he was not willing
וְלֹ֥א (wə·lō)
Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particle
Strong's 3808: Not, no

to let them go.
לְשַׁלְּחָֽם׃ (lə·šal·lə·ḥām)
Preposition-l | Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct | third person masculine plural
Strong's 7971: To send away, for, out


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OT Law: Exodus 10:27 But Yahweh hardened Pharaoh's heart and he (Exo. Ex)
Exodus 10:26
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