Ecclesiastes 8:9
New International Version
All this I saw, as I applied my mind to everything done under the sun. There is a time when a man lords it over others to his own hurt.

New Living Translation
I have thought deeply about all that goes on here under the sun, where people have the power to hurt each other.

English Standard Version
All this I observed while applying my heart to all that is done under the sun, when man had power over man to his hurt.

Berean Standard Bible
All this I have seen, applying my mind to every deed that is done under the sun; there is a time when one man lords it over another to his own detriment.

King James Bible
All this have I seen, and applied my heart unto every work that is done under the sun: there is a time wherein one man ruleth over another to his own hurt.

New King James Version
All this I have seen, and applied my heart to every work that is done under the sun: There is a time in which one man rules over another to his own hurt.

New American Standard Bible
All this I have seen, and have applied my mind to every deed that has been done under the sun at a time when one person has exercised authority over another person to his detriment.

NASB 1995
All this I have seen and applied my mind to every deed that has been done under the sun wherein a man has exercised authority over another man to his hurt.

NASB 1977
All this I have seen and applied my mind to every deed that has been done under the sun wherein a man has exercised authority over another man to his hurt.

Legacy Standard Bible
All this I have seen and given my heart to every work that has been done under the sun wherein a man has power over another man to his calamity.

Amplified Bible
All this I have seen while applying my mind to every deed that is done under the sun. There is a time in which one man has exercised power over others to their detriment.

Christian Standard Bible
All this I have seen, applying my mind to all the work that is done under the sun, at a time when one person has authority over another to his harm.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
All this I have seen, applying my mind to all the work that is done under the sun, at a time when one man has authority over another to his harm.

American Standard Version
All this have I seen, and applied my heart unto every work that is done under the sun: there is a time wherein one man hath power over another to his hurt.

Contemporary English Version
I noticed all this and thought seriously about what goes on in the world. Why does one person have the power to hurt another?

English Revised Version
All this have I seen, and applied my heart unto every work that is done under the sun: there is a time wherein one man hath power over another to his hurt.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
I have seen all of this, and I have carefully considered all that is done under the sun whenever one person has authority to hurt others.

Good News Translation
I saw all this when I thought about the things that are done in this world, a world where some people have power and others have to suffer under them.

International Standard Version
I observed all this, and carefully considered everything that is undertaken on earth, especially the time when someone dominates another to his detriment.

Majority Standard Bible
All this I have seen, applying my mind to every deed that is done under the sun; there is a time when one man lords it over another to his own detriment.

NET Bible
While applying my mind to everything that happens in this world, I have seen all this: Sometimes one person dominates other people to their harm.

New Heart English Bible
All this have I seen, and applied my mind to every work that is done under the sun. There is a time in which one man has power over another to his hurt.

Webster's Bible Translation
All this have I seen, and applied my heart to every work that is done under the sun: there is a time in which one man ruleth over another to his own hurt.

World English Bible
All this I have seen, and applied my mind to every work that is done under the sun. There is a time in which one man has power over another to his hurt.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
All this I have seen so as to give my heart to every work that has been done under the sun; a time that man has ruled over man to his own evil.

Young's Literal Translation
All this I have seen so as to give my heart to every work that hath been done under the sun; a time that man hath ruled over man to his own evil.

Smith's Literal Translation
All this I saw, and giving my heart to every work which was done under the sun: a time which man had power over man for evil to him.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
All these things I have considered, and applied my heart to all the works that are done under the sun. Sometimes one man ruleth over another to his own hurt.

Catholic Public Domain Version
I have considered all these things, and I have applied my heart to all the works which are being done under the sun. Sometimes one man rules over another to his own harm.

New American Bible
All these things I saw and I applied my heart to every work that is done under the sun, while one person tyrannizes over another for harm.

New Revised Standard Version
All this I observed, applying my mind to all that is done under the sun, while one person exercises authority over another to the other’s hurt.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
All this have I seen, and applied my heart to every work that is done under the sun; there is a time wherein one man rules over another to hurt him.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And I have seen all this and I have given my heart to know all work that is done under the sun, and the time when a man is authorized over a son of man to afflict him
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
All this have I seen, even applied my heart thereto, whatever the work that is done under the sun; what time one man had power over another to his hurt.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
So I saw all this, and I applied my heart to every work that has been done under the sun; all the things wherein man has power over man to afflict him.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Obey the King
8As no man has power over the wind to contain it, so no one has authority over his day of death. As no one can be discharged in wartime, so wickedness will not release those who practice it. 9All this I have seen, applying my mind to every deed that is done under the sun; there is a time when one man lords it over another to his own detriment.

Cross References
Proverbs 28:16
A leader who lacks judgment is also a great oppressor, but he who hates dishonest profit will prolong his days.

1 Samuel 8:11-18
He said, “This will be the manner of the king who will reign over you: He will take your sons and appoint them to serve his own chariots and horses, and to run in front of his chariots. / He will appoint some for himself as commanders of thousands and of fifties, and others to plow his ground, to reap his harvest, and to make his weapons of war and equipment for his chariots. / And he will take your daughters to be perfumers, cooks, and bakers. ...

Matthew 20:25-28
But Jesus called them aside and said, “You know that the rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them, and their superiors exercise authority over them. / It shall not be this way among you. Instead, whoever wants to become great among you must be your servant, / and whoever wants to be first among you must be your slave— ...

Mark 10:42-45
So Jesus called them together and said, “You know that those regarded as rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them, and their superiors exercise authority over them. / But it shall not be this way among you. Instead, whoever wants to become great among you must be your servant, / and whoever wants to be first must be the slave of all. ...

Luke 22:25-27
So Jesus declared, “The kings of the Gentiles lord it over them, and those in authority over them call themselves benefactors. / But you shall not be like them. Instead, the greatest among you should be like the youngest, and the one who leads like the one who serves. / For who is greater, the one who reclines at the table or the one who serves? Is it not the one who reclines? But I am among you as one who serves.

1 Peter 5:3
not lording it over those entrusted to you, but being examples to the flock.

James 4:1-2
What causes conflicts and quarrels among you? Don’t they come from the passions at war within you? / You crave what you do not have; you kill and covet, but are unable to obtain it. You quarrel and fight. You do not have, because you do not ask.

Isaiah 3:12-15
Youths oppress My people, and women rule over them. O My people, your guides mislead you; they turn you from your paths. / The LORD arises to contend; He stands to judge the people. / The LORD brings this charge against the elders and leaders of His people: “You have devoured the vineyard; the plunder of the poor is in your houses. ...

Jeremiah 22:13-17
“Woe to him who builds his palace by unrighteousness, and his upper rooms without justice, who makes his countrymen serve without pay, and fails to pay their wages, / who says, ‘I will build myself a great palace, with spacious upper rooms.’ So he cuts windows in it, panels it with cedar, and paints it with vermilion. / Does it make you a king to excel in cedar? Did not your father have food and drink? He administered justice and righteousness, and so it went well with him. ...

Ezekiel 34:4
You have not strengthened the weak, healed the sick, bound up the injured, brought back the strays, or searched for the lost. Instead, you have ruled them with violence and cruelty.

Micah 3:1-3
Then I said: “Hear now, O leaders of Jacob, you rulers of the house of Israel. Should you not know justice? / You hate good and love evil. You tear the skin from my people and strip the flesh from their bones. / You eat the flesh of my people after stripping off their skin and breaking their bones. You chop them up like flesh for the cooking pot, like meat in a cauldron.”

Zechariah 11:5
whose buyers slaughter them without remorse. Those who sell them say, ‘Blessed be the LORD, for I am rich!’ Even their own shepherds have no compassion on them.

Romans 13:1-4
Everyone must submit himself to the governing authorities, for there is no authority except that which is from God. The authorities that exist have been appointed by God. / Consequently, whoever resists authority is opposing what God has set in place, and those who do so will bring judgment on themselves. / For rulers are not a terror to good conduct, but to bad. Do you want to be unafraid of the one in authority? Then do what is right, and you will have his approval. ...

2 Corinthians 1:24
Not that we lord it over your faith, but we are fellow workers with you for your joy, because it is by faith that you stand firm.

Ephesians 6:9
And masters, do the same for your slaves. Give up your use of threats, because you know that He who is both their Master and yours is in heaven, and there is no favoritism with Him.


Treasury of Scripture

All this have I seen, and applied my heart to every work that is done under the sun: there is a time wherein one man rules over another to his own hurt.

this

Ecclesiastes 1:14
I have seen all the works that are done under the sun; and, behold, all is vanity and vexation of spirit.

Ecclesiastes 3:10
I have seen the travail, which God hath given to the sons of men to be exercised in it.

Ecclesiastes 4:7,8
Then I returned, and I saw vanity under the sun…

there is

Ecclesiastes 5:8,13
If thou seest the oppression of the poor, and violent perverting of judgment and justice in a province, marvel not at the matter: for he that is higher than the highest regardeth; and there be higher than they…

Exodus 14:5-9,28
And it was told the king of Egypt that the people fled: and the heart of Pharaoh and of his servants was turned against the people, and they said, Why have we done this, that we have let Israel go from serving us? …

Deuteronomy 2:30
But Sihon king of Heshbon would not let us pass by him: for the LORD thy God hardened his spirit, and made his heart obstinate, that he might deliver him into thy hand, as appeareth this day.

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Applied Applying Authority Deed Destruction Evil Exercised Heart Hurt Lords Mind Observed Others Power Ruled Ruleth Sun Thereto Time Whatever Wherein Work
Ecclesiastes 8
1. true wisdom is modest
2. Kings are to be respected
6. Divine providence is to be observed
12. It is better with the godly in adversity, than with the wicked in prosperity
16. The work of God is unsearchable














All this I have seen
The phrase "All this I have seen" suggests a comprehensive observation by the author, traditionally believed to be Solomon. The Hebrew root for "seen" is "ra'ah," which implies not just physical sight but also understanding and discernment. Solomon, known for his wisdom, is reflecting on the breadth of human experience and the futility he perceives in worldly endeavors. This phrase sets the stage for a reflective and introspective examination of human actions and their consequences.

as I applied my mind
The phrase "as I applied my mind" indicates a deliberate and thoughtful consideration. The Hebrew word "natan" is used here, meaning to give or to set. Solomon is not passively observing but actively engaging his intellect and wisdom to understand the complexities of life. This reflects a disciplined pursuit of knowledge and truth, a hallmark of wisdom literature, encouraging believers to seek understanding through diligent study and reflection.

to every work that is done under the sun
"To every work that is done under the sun" encompasses all human activities and endeavors. The phrase "under the sun" is a recurring theme in Ecclesiastes, symbolizing the earthly, temporal realm as opposed to the eternal. The Hebrew word "ma'aseh" for "work" implies deeds or actions. Solomon is examining the totality of human effort, highlighting the transient nature of worldly pursuits and urging readers to consider the eternal perspective.

at a time when one man has authority over another
This phrase addresses the dynamics of power and authority. The Hebrew word "shalit" for "authority" suggests dominion or control. Solomon observes the hierarchical structures within society, where individuals wield power over others. This reflects the reality of human governance and social order, yet it also serves as a cautionary note about the potential for abuse and the moral responsibility that comes with authority.

to his own detriment
The phrase "to his own detriment" underscores the negative consequences of misused authority. The Hebrew word "ra" is used here, meaning evil or harm. Solomon warns that when power is exercised unjustly, it ultimately harms both the oppressor and the oppressed. This serves as a moral lesson on the ethical use of power, reminding believers of the biblical principles of justice, mercy, and humility in leadership.

(9) Own hurt.--The Hebrew is ambiguous. We might omit "own," and understand the verse of the misery inflicted by a tyrant on his subject, not on himself. But the context speaks of the small gain from his oppressions to the tyrant himself.

Verse 9. - All this have I seen (Ecclesiastes 5:18; Ecclesiastes 7:23); i.e. all that has been mentioned in the preceding eight verses, especially the conviction of retributive justice. He gained this experience by giving his mind to the consideration of men's actions. There is a time wherein one man ruleth over another to his own hurt. This version is certainly incorrect. A new sentence is not commenced here, but the clause is closely connected with what precedes; and "his own hurt" should he "his [equivocally] hurt." Thus Wright and Volck: "All this have I seen, even by applying my heart to all the work that is done under the sun, at a time when man ruleth over man to his hurt." Most modern commentators consider that the hurt is that of the oppressed subject; but it is possible that the sense is intentionally ambiguous, and the injury may be that which the despot inflicts, and that which he has to suffer. Both these have been signified above. There is no valid reason for making, as Cox does, this last clause commence ver. 10, and rendering, "But there is a time when a man ruleth over men to their hurt."

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
All
כָּל־ (kāl-)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every

this
זֶ֤ה (zeh)
Pronoun - masculine singular
Strong's 2088: This, that

I have seen,
רָאִ֙יתִי֙ (rā·’î·ṯî)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common singular
Strong's 7200: To see

applying
וְנָת֣וֹן (wə·nā·ṯō·wn)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Infinitive absolute
Strong's 5414: To give, put, set

my mind
לִבִּ֔י (lib·bî)
Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular
Strong's 3820: The heart, the feelings, the will, the intellect, centre

to every
לְכָֽל־ (lə·ḵāl)
Preposition | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every

deed
מַעֲשֶׂ֔ה (ma·‘ă·śeh)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 4639: An action, a transaction, activity, a product, property

that
אֲשֶׁ֥ר (’ă·šer)
Pronoun - relative
Strong's 834: Who, which, what, that, when, where, how, because, in order that

is done
נַעֲשָׂ֖ה (na·‘ă·śāh)
Verb - Nifal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 6213: To do, make

under
תַּ֣חַת (ta·ḥaṯ)
Preposition
Strong's 8478: The bottom, below, in lieu of

the sun;
הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ (haš·šā·meš)
Article | Noun - common singular
Strong's 8121: The sun, the east, a ray, a notched battlement

[there is] a time
עֵ֗ת (‘êṯ)
Noun - common singular
Strong's 6256: Time, now, when

when
אֲשֶׁ֨ר (’ă·šer)
Pronoun - relative
Strong's 834: Who, which, what, that, when, where, how, because, in order that

one man
הָאָדָ֛ם (hā·’ā·ḏām)
Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 120: Ruddy, a human being

lords it
שָׁלַ֧ט (šā·laṭ)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 7980: To dominate, govern, to permit

over another
בְּאָדָ֖ם (bə·’ā·ḏām)
Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 120: Ruddy, a human being

to his own detriment.
לְרַ֥ע (lə·ra‘)
Preposition | Adjective - masculine singular
Strong's 7451: Bad, evil


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OT Poetry: Ecclesiastes 8:9 All this have I seen and applied (Ecclesiast. Ec Ecc Eccles.)
Ecclesiastes 8:8
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