Then I lifted up my eyes
This phrase signifies a moment of divine revelation and spiritual awakening. In the Hebrew context, "lifting up one's eyes" often indicates a readiness to receive a vision or message from God. It suggests an intentional act of looking beyond the immediate, earthly circumstances to perceive the divine. This action is reminiscent of other biblical figures who received visions, such as Abraham and Ezekiel, indicating a continuity of God's communication with His people.

and saw a man
The "man" here is often interpreted as an angelic being, a messenger of God. In the Hebrew tradition, angels frequently appear in human form to deliver God's messages. This aligns with the broader biblical narrative where God uses intermediaries to communicate His will. The presence of this "man" signifies the importance of the message about to be delivered, emphasizing God's active involvement in the affairs of His people.

with a measuring line
The "measuring line" is a tool used for construction and surveying, symbolizing preparation and planning. In the prophetic context, it represents God's intention to restore and rebuild Jerusalem. This imagery is consistent with other prophetic books, such as Ezekiel and Revelation, where measuring lines are used to denote divine order and protection. It underscores the theme of restoration and hope, assuring the Israelites of God's plans to reestablish their city and His covenant with them.

in his hand
The phrase "in his hand" indicates control and authority. The man holding the measuring line signifies that the forthcoming actions are under divine direction. In biblical symbolism, the hand often represents power and capability. This assures the audience that the rebuilding of Jerusalem is not just a human endeavor but is orchestrated by God's sovereign power. It is a reminder of God's faithfulness and His ability to bring His promises to fruition.

Where are you going?
This phrase reflects a moment of inquiry and curiosity. In the Hebrew context, the act of asking questions is a common method of engaging with divine visions or messages. The question signifies a desire for understanding and clarity. It is reminiscent of other biblical instances where prophets or individuals seek to comprehend God's plans, such as when Moses asked God about His intentions for Israel. This inquiry sets the stage for a revelation of divine purpose and action.

I asked
The act of asking here is significant. It shows the prophet Zechariah's active engagement with the vision. In the Hebrew tradition, prophets often played an interactive role in their visions, not merely passive recipients but active participants. This engagement underscores the relational aspect of God's communication with His people, where dialogue and understanding are encouraged.

To measure Jerusalem
The act of measuring in biblical terms often symbolizes preparation and restoration. In the Hebrew, the word for measure, "madad," implies a careful and deliberate action. Measuring Jerusalem signifies God's intention to restore and protect the city. Historically, Jerusalem had been devastated, and this vision offers hope of its future glory and divine favor. It echoes the promises found in other prophetic books, such as Ezekiel, where measurements are part of the vision for a restored temple and city.

he replied
This response indicates a clear and purposeful communication from the angelic figure. In biblical narratives, replies from divine or angelic beings often carry authority and assurance. The reply here is not just informative but also reassuring, indicating that there is a divine plan in motion. It reflects the certainty and intentionality of God's plans for His people.

and to determine its width and length
The specific mention of width and length emphasizes the completeness and thoroughness of God's plan for Jerusalem. In the ancient Near Eastern context, cities were often measured to establish boundaries and ensure security. This phrase suggests a comprehensive restoration and protection of Jerusalem. It aligns with the biblical theme of God as a meticulous planner who cares for every detail of His creation. The measurement signifies not only physical dimensions but also the spiritual and communal restoration of God's people.

Then the angel
The term "angel" in Hebrew is "mal'ak," which means "messenger." In the context of Zechariah, angels are divine messengers sent by God to convey His will and purpose. This particular angel is part of a series of visions given to Zechariah, emphasizing the divine communication and guidance provided to the prophet. The presence of angels in this narrative underscores the heavenly authority and the importance of the message being delivered.

who was speaking with me
This phrase indicates a personal and direct communication between the angel and Zechariah. The interaction suggests an intimate and ongoing dialogue, highlighting the prophet's role as a recipient of divine revelation. It reflects the personal nature of God's communication with His chosen servants, ensuring that His messages are clearly understood and faithfully conveyed to His people.

went out
The action of the angel going out signifies a transition or movement in the vision. It suggests that the message or task at hand requires further action or development. This movement can symbolize the unfolding of God's plan and the dynamic nature of His interactions with humanity. It also indicates that the vision is progressing, leading to new insights or revelations.

and another angel
The introduction of another angel signifies the multiplicity and cooperation of heavenly beings in executing God's will. In the biblical context, angels often work in concert, each with specific roles or messages. This highlights the organized and purposeful nature of God's heavenly host, working together to fulfill divine purposes on earth.

came out to meet him
This phrase suggests a purposeful encounter between the two angels. The meeting indicates a coordination of divine activities, where messages or tasks are being aligned according to God's plan. It reflects the orderly and intentional nature of God's work, where each messenger has a role in the broader scheme of divine revelation and intervention.

and said to him
This phrase indicates a divine message being delivered, emphasizing the role of angels as messengers of God. In the Hebrew context, the word for "said" (אָמַר, 'amar) often conveys not just speaking but a declaration of divine will. This highlights the authority and importance of the message being delivered.

Run
The urgency in the command to "run" underscores the importance and immediacy of the message. In the ancient Near Eastern context, running was often associated with delivering news of great significance, akin to a royal decree. This urgency reflects the divine priority placed on the restoration and future glory of Jerusalem.

tell that young man
The "young man" refers to Zechariah himself, symbolizing youth and the potential for growth and renewal. In Hebrew, the term for "young man" (נַעַר, na'ar) can also imply a servant or someone in training, suggesting that Zechariah is being prepared for a significant role in God's plan.

Jerusalem will be a city without walls
This phrase is prophetic, envisioning a future where Jerusalem's security and prosperity are not dependent on physical barriers. Historically, city walls were crucial for protection, but this prophecy indicates divine protection and blessing. The absence of walls symbolizes openness, growth, and the breaking of limitations, reflecting God's abundant provision and care.

because of the multitude of men and livestock within it
The "multitude of men and livestock" signifies prosperity and divine blessing. In ancient times, a large population and abundant livestock were signs of wealth and God's favor. This imagery conveys a future where Jerusalem thrives under God's provision, overflowing with life and abundance, fulfilling the promises of restoration and blessing found throughout the prophetic literature.

For I will be a wall of fire around it
This phrase is rich with imagery and promise. The Hebrew word for "wall" (חוֹמָה, chomah) signifies protection and separation. In ancient times, city walls were crucial for defense against enemies. The "wall of fire" suggests not just a physical barrier but a divine, supernatural protection. Fire in the Bible often symbolizes God's presence and purity (Exodus 3:2, Deuteronomy 4:24). Here, it indicates that God Himself will be the protector of Jerusalem, a promise of safety and divine intervention. Historically, Jerusalem was a city often under threat, and this assurance would have been profoundly comforting to the Israelites returning from exile.

declares the LORD
This phrase emphasizes the authority and certainty of the promise. The Hebrew term for "declares" (נְאֻם, ne'um) is often used in prophetic literature to assert that the message is directly from God. The use of "LORD" (יהוה, Yahweh) is significant, as it is the covenant name of God, reminding the Israelites of His eternal faithfulness and unchanging nature. This declaration is not just a hopeful wish but a guaranteed promise from the sovereign Creator.

and I will be the glory within it
The word "glory" (כָּבוֹד, kavod) in Hebrew conveys a sense of weightiness, honor, and splendor. In the context of the temple and Jerusalem, it refers to God's manifest presence. Historically, the glory of God filled the tabernacle and Solomon's temple (Exodus 40:34, 1 Kings 8:11). This promise assures that God's presence will dwell within Jerusalem, making it not just a city but a holy place where His divine presence is evident. This is a forward-looking promise, pointing to the ultimate fulfillment in the New Jerusalem described in Revelation, where God's glory will be fully realized among His people.

Get up, get up!
This phrase is a call to action, an urgent exhortation for the people to arise from their current state. In the Hebrew text, the repetition of "get up" (Hebrew: הוֹי הוֹי, "hoy hoy") serves to emphasize the urgency and importance of the command. This repetition is often used in prophetic literature to grab attention and convey the seriousness of the message. It is a divine wake-up call, urging the Israelites to prepare for a significant change or movement, often associated with leaving a place of captivity or spiritual stagnation.

Flee from the land of the north
The "land of the north" refers to Babylon, where many Israelites were exiled. Historically, Babylon was located to the east of Israel, but invasions typically came from the north due to the geography of the region. The call to "flee" is a directive to leave behind the land of exile and return to the Promised Land. This is not just a physical journey but also a spiritual one, symbolizing a return to God's covenant and promises. The Hebrew word for "flee" (נוס, "nus") implies a sense of urgency and escape from danger, highlighting the need for immediate action.

declares the LORD
This phrase underscores the authority and divine origin of the message. The use of "declares the LORD" (Hebrew: נְאֻם־יְהוָה, "ne'um-YHWH") is a common prophetic formula that authenticates the message as coming directly from God. It reassures the listeners that the command is not merely a human suggestion but a divine mandate, carrying the weight and certainty of God's sovereign will.

for I have scattered you like the four winds of heaven
The imagery of being "scattered like the four winds" conveys the extent and completeness of the dispersion of the Israelites. The "four winds" (Hebrew: אַרְבַּע רוּחוֹת, "arba ruḥot") symbolize the entirety of the earth, indicating that the people have been spread to all corners of the world. This scattering was a result of divine judgment due to their disobedience, yet it also sets the stage for a miraculous regathering. The phrase reflects God's control over the nations and His ability to gather His people from wherever they have been dispersed.

declares the LORD
The repetition of this phrase at the end of the verse serves to bookend the divine message, reinforcing its importance and authenticity. It is a reminder that the entire message is enveloped in divine authority, ensuring that the hearers understand the seriousness and reliability of the prophecy. This repetition also serves to comfort the people, as it reassures them that their return and restoration are part of God's sovereign plan.

Get up
The Hebrew root for "get up" is "קוּם" (qum), which means to arise or stand. This command is a call to action, urging the people of Zion to awaken from their complacency and take decisive steps towards their deliverance. In a spiritual sense, it is a call for believers to rise from spiritual lethargy and embrace the freedom and purpose God offers. Historically, this reflects the period when the Israelites were in exile, and God was calling them to return to their homeland, symbolizing a return to His promises and blessings.

O Zion!
Zion is a term that originally referred to a specific hill in Jerusalem but came to represent the entire city and, by extension, the people of Israel. In a broader theological context, Zion symbolizes the spiritual community of God's people. The call to Zion is a reminder of their identity as God's chosen people, set apart for His purposes. It is a call to remember their covenant relationship with God and the promises associated with it.

Escape
The Hebrew word "מָלַט" (malat) means to slip away, deliver oneself, or escape. This is an urgent exhortation for the people to flee from the influences and captivity of Babylon. Spiritually, it signifies the need for believers to separate themselves from worldly entanglements and sin, seeking refuge in God's protection and guidance. The historical context is the physical return from Babylonian exile, but it also serves as a metaphor for spiritual liberation.

you who dwell
The phrase "you who dwell" comes from the Hebrew "יֹשֵׁב" (yoshev), meaning to sit, remain, or inhabit. It implies a sense of comfort or complacency in a place that is not their true home. This is a caution against becoming too settled in a foreign land or in a spiritual state that is not aligned with God's will. It challenges believers to examine where they have become too comfortable and to seek alignment with God's purposes.

with the Daughter of Babylon
The "Daughter of Babylon" is a poetic term referring to the city of Babylon and its inhabitants. Babylon, in biblical literature, often symbolizes a place of exile, sin, and opposition to God. Historically, it was the empire that held the Israelites captive. Spiritually, it represents the worldly systems and values that are contrary to God's kingdom. The call to escape from the Daughter of Babylon is a call to reject these influences and to pursue holiness and faithfulness to God.

For this is what the LORD of Hosts says
The phrase "LORD of Hosts" is a translation of the Hebrew "Yahweh Sabaoth," which emphasizes God's supreme command over the heavenly armies. This title underscores His omnipotence and authority, assuring the Israelites of His power to fulfill His promises. Historically, this title is used to remind the people of God's sovereignty and His ability to protect and deliver them from their enemies.

After His Glory has sent Me
The "Glory" here refers to the divine presence and majesty of God. In the Hebrew context, "glory" (kavod) often signifies the weightiness and splendor of God’s presence. The sending of a messenger "after His Glory" suggests a divine mission initiated by God Himself. This phrase can be seen as a messianic prophecy, pointing to the coming of Christ, who is sent by God to fulfill His redemptive plan.

against the nations that have plundered you
This phrase highlights the historical context of Israel's oppression by surrounding nations. The term "plundered" indicates the severe exploitation and suffering endured by the Israelites. God's promise to act against these nations is a reassurance of His justice and His commitment to vindicate His people. It reflects the biblical theme of divine retribution against those who harm God's chosen ones.

for whoever touches you
The imagery of "touching" conveys the idea of harm or violation. In the Hebrew culture, to "touch" someone often implied an act of aggression or hostility. This phrase serves as a warning to the nations that any harm done to Israel is taken personally by God. It emphasizes the intimate relationship between God and His people, where their well-being is of utmost concern to Him.

touches the apple of His eye—
The "apple of His eye" is a metaphorical expression denoting something precious and highly valued. In Hebrew, the phrase literally means "the little man of the eye," referring to the reflection seen in the pupil. This metaphor illustrates the deep affection and protection God has for Israel. It signifies that any attack on Israel is an attack on something dear to God Himself. This imagery is a powerful reminder of God's protective love and the special status of His people in His divine plan.

I will wave My hand over them
This phrase signifies a divine act of judgment and authority. The imagery of God waving His hand is reminiscent of a king exercising power over his subjects. In the Hebrew context, the hand often symbolizes power and action. The act of waving suggests a swift and decisive movement, indicating that God's intervention is both intentional and effective. Historically, this reflects God's sovereignty over nations, as seen in the Exodus narrative where God delivered Israel with a "mighty hand" (Exodus 3:19-20). This phrase reassures believers of God's ultimate control over worldly powers.

and they will become plunder for their own servants
This phrase indicates a reversal of fortunes, where those who were once oppressors become the oppressed. The Hebrew word for "plunder" (בַּז, baz) implies spoils of war, suggesting a complete overthrow of power. This is a common theme in the Old Testament, where God often turns the tables on Israel's enemies, as seen in the account of Esther, where Haman's plans backfire (Esther 7:10). Theologically, this serves as a reminder of God's justice and the eventual triumph of righteousness over wickedness.

Then you will know
This phrase emphasizes the purpose of God's actions: to reveal His identity and power to His people. The Hebrew word for "know" (יָדַע, yada) implies an intimate understanding, not just intellectual awareness. This knowledge is experiential, as the Israelites would witness God's deliverance firsthand. In a broader scriptural context, this echoes the covenant relationship where God desires His people to know Him deeply, as seen in Jeremiah 31:34, "They will all know Me, from the least of them to the greatest."

that the LORD of Hosts has sent Me
This phrase underscores the divine commissioning and authority of the speaker, often interpreted as a messianic figure or an angelic messenger. "LORD of Hosts" (יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת, Yahweh Tseva'ot) is a title that highlights God's supreme command over the heavenly armies, emphasizing His omnipotence. The sending implies a mission with divine backing, reinforcing the idea that the events unfolding are part of God's sovereign plan. This phrase assures believers of God's active involvement in history and His commitment to fulfilling His promises.

Shout for joy and be glad
This phrase is a call to exuberant celebration and is often used in the context of divine intervention or deliverance. The Hebrew words "רָנּוּ וְשִׂמְחוּ" (rannu v'simchu) convey a sense of vocal and heartfelt rejoicing. Historically, such expressions were common in Israel during times of victory or divine revelation. The call to rejoice here is not just an emotional response but a prophetic declaration of God's imminent action.

O Daughter of Zion
"Daughter of Zion" is a poetic term referring to the inhabitants of Jerusalem or the city itself. In Hebrew, "בַּת־צִיּוֹן" (bat-Tsiyon) personifies the city as a cherished daughter, emphasizing God's protective and nurturing relationship with His people. This term is rich in covenantal language, reminding the audience of God's promises to Israel and His enduring faithfulness.

for I am coming
The phrase "for I am coming" is a powerful declaration of God's intention to intervene directly in the affairs of His people. The Hebrew "כִּי־הִנְנִי בָא" (ki-hineni ba) suggests an imminent and personal arrival. This is not a distant or abstract promise but a concrete assurance of God's presence. Historically, this would have been a source of immense hope for the exiled Israelites, anticipating a time when God would restore and dwell with them.

to dwell among you
The concept of God dwelling among His people is central to the biblical narrative. The Hebrew "וְשָׁכַנְתִּי בְּתוֹכֵךְ" (v'shachanti b'tochech) echoes the language of the Tabernacle and Temple, where God's presence was manifest. This promise signifies a return to the intimate relationship between God and Israel, reminiscent of the Garden of Eden and the covenantal promises made to the patriarchs. It points forward to the ultimate fulfillment in the New Testament, where God dwells among His people through Christ and the Holy Spirit.

declares the LORD
The phrase "declares the LORD" underscores the authority and certainty of the message. In Hebrew, "נְאֻם־יְהוָה" (ne'um-YHWH) is a prophetic formula that authenticates the message as coming directly from God. This assurance would have been crucial for the original audience, providing confidence that the promises were not merely human hopes but divine certainties. It reinforces the trustworthiness of God's word and His unchanging nature.

Many nations
The phrase "Many nations" signifies the expansive reach of God's redemptive plan. In the Hebrew text, the word for "nations" is "goyim," which often refers to Gentiles or non-Israelite peoples. This indicates a prophetic vision where God's covenant extends beyond Israel to include diverse ethnic groups. Historically, this foreshadows the New Testament revelation where the Gospel is preached to all nations, fulfilling the Great Commission (Matthew 28:19). It underscores the inclusivity of God's kingdom, breaking ethnic and cultural barriers.

will join themselves to the LORD
The Hebrew verb "join" (לָוָה, lavah) implies a deep, covenantal relationship. This is not a mere association but a binding commitment akin to marriage. Theologically, it reflects the transformative power of faith, where individuals and nations are grafted into the spiritual lineage of Abraham (Romans 11:17). This joining is a voluntary act of allegiance and worship, highlighting the universal call to salvation and the unity of believers in Christ.

in that day
This phrase "in that day" is eschatological, pointing to a future time of fulfillment. In prophetic literature, it often refers to the "Day of the LORD," a time of divine intervention and ultimate restoration. It suggests a specific, divinely appointed time when God's purposes will be fully realized. This anticipates the Messianic age, where Christ's reign brings peace and justice, aligning with the hope of a new heaven and new earth (Revelation 21:1).

and they will become My people
The transformation into "My people" signifies adoption into God's family. The Hebrew term "עַם" (am) denotes a collective identity, emphasizing belonging and community. This echoes the covenantal promise found in Exodus 6:7, where God declares Israel as His people. In the New Testament, this is expanded to include all who believe in Christ, as seen in 1 Peter 2:9-10, where believers are called a "chosen people."

I will dwell among you
The promise "I will dwell among you" is central to God's relational nature. The Hebrew word "שָׁכַן" (shakan) means to settle or abide, and is the root for "Shekinah," the divine presence. This recalls the tabernacle and temple, where God's glory resided among His people. In the New Testament, this is fulfilled in Jesus Christ, Immanuel, "God with us" (Matthew 1:23), and through the Holy Spirit dwelling in believers (1 Corinthians 3:16).

and you will know
The phrase "and you will know" implies experiential knowledge, not just intellectual assent. The Hebrew word "יָדַע" (yada) encompasses intimate understanding and relationship. This knowledge is transformative, leading to a deeper faith and trust in God's sovereignty. It reflects the biblical theme of revelation, where God makes Himself known to humanity through His actions and presence.

that the LORD of Hosts has sent Me to you
The title "LORD of Hosts" (יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת, Yahweh Tseva'ot) emphasizes God's supreme authority over heavenly armies and earthly affairs. The phrase "has sent Me to you" suggests a divine mission, often interpreted as a Messianic prophecy. In Christian theology, this is seen as a reference to Christ, the sent one, who accomplishes God's redemptive work. It underscores the divine initiative in salvation history, where God actively pursues and redeems His creation.

And the LORD
The term "LORD" in this context is derived from the Hebrew "YHWH," the sacred and personal name of God, emphasizing His eternal and unchanging nature. This name is a reminder of God's covenant faithfulness and His sovereign authority over all creation. In the context of Zechariah, it underscores the divine initiative and power behind the prophetic promises being made.

will take possession
The phrase "will take possession" suggests a deliberate and authoritative action by God. The Hebrew root "nachal" implies an inheritance or a rightful claim. This indicates that God's relationship with Judah is not arbitrary but is based on a covenantal promise. It reflects the idea of God reclaiming what is rightfully His, emphasizing His sovereignty and the fulfillment of His promises.

of Judah
Judah, representing the southern kingdom of Israel, holds significant historical and theological importance. It is the tribe from which King David and ultimately Jesus Christ descended. The mention of Judah here highlights God's ongoing commitment to His chosen people and the messianic lineage that would bring salvation to the world.

as His portion
The word "portion" in Hebrew is "cheleq," which can mean a share or inheritance. This term conveys the idea of a special, set-apart relationship. It signifies that Judah is not just any land or people but is uniquely chosen and cherished by God. This reflects the intimate and personal nature of God's covenant with His people.

in the Holy Land
The phrase "Holy Land" refers to the land of Israel, which is considered sacred due to God's promises and His presence among His people. The term "holy" denotes something set apart for divine purposes. This land is not just geographically significant but is central to God's redemptive plan throughout history.

and He will once again choose
The phrase "once again choose" indicates a reaffirmation of God's election. The Hebrew root "bachar" means to select or choose, often implying a choice based on love and purpose. This suggests a renewal of God's commitment to Jerusalem, despite past judgments, highlighting His grace and mercy.

Jerusalem
Jerusalem is more than just a city; it is the spiritual and political heart of Israel. It is the site of the Temple, the center of worship, and the symbol of God's presence among His people. The choice of Jerusalem signifies God's intention to restore and dwell with His people, pointing to the ultimate fulfillment in the New Jerusalem described in Revelation.

Be silent
The Hebrew root for "be silent" is "hāshâ," which conveys a sense of stillness and quietness. In the context of Scripture, silence often signifies reverence and awe before God. This call to silence is a command to recognize the majesty and authority of the LORD. It is a moment of pause, where human activity and noise are set aside to acknowledge the divine presence. In a world filled with constant noise and distraction, this call to silence is a reminder of the need to focus on God, to listen, and to be in awe of His power and holiness.

before the LORD
The phrase "before the LORD" indicates a position of humility and submission. The Hebrew word for "LORD" here is "YHWH," the sacred and personal name of God, emphasizing His covenant relationship with His people. Being "before the LORD" suggests an awareness of His omnipresence and sovereignty. It is a call to recognize that we are always in the presence of God, who sees and knows all. This awareness should lead to a life of worship, obedience, and reverence.

all people
The phrase "all people" extends the call to silence to every individual, regardless of nationality or status. In the Hebrew text, "all people" is inclusive, signifying that God's authority and presence are universal. This universality underscores the message that God's actions and plans are not limited to Israel but encompass all of humanity. It is a reminder that every person is accountable to God and should respond to His presence with reverence and awe.

for He has roused Himself
The phrase "for He has roused Himself" suggests a divine awakening or stirring. The Hebrew root "ʿûr" implies an active movement or preparation for action. This imagery portrays God as actively engaging in the affairs of the world, ready to execute His plans and purposes. It is a powerful reminder that God is not distant or passive but is actively involved in the lives of His people and the unfolding of history. This divine activity calls for a response of silence and awe from humanity.

from His holy dwelling
The term "holy dwelling" refers to the heavenly abode of God, emphasizing His holiness and separateness from creation. The Hebrew word "qōdeš" for "holy" signifies purity, sacredness, and set-apartness. God's dwelling is not only a place of holiness but also a source of divine authority and power. The fact that God rouses Himself from His holy dwelling indicates a significant moment of divine intervention. It is a reminder of God's transcendence and immanence—He is both above all and actively present in the world. This calls for a response of worship and reverence, acknowledging His holiness and sovereign rule.