Then he showed me
The phrase "Then he showed me" indicates a continuation of a vision. The Hebrew root for "showed" is "ra'ah," which means to see or perceive. This vision is a divine revelation given to Zechariah, emphasizing the prophetic nature of the book. It suggests that what follows is not merely a narrative but a spiritual insight into heavenly realities. The vision is meant to convey God's message to His people, offering hope and encouragement during a time of rebuilding and restoration after the Babylonian exile.

Joshua the high priest
"Joshua" is the Hebrew name "Yehoshua," meaning "The LORD is salvation." As the high priest, Joshua represents the spiritual leadership of Israel. Historically, Joshua was a key figure during the post-exilic period, tasked with the spiritual renewal of the nation. His role as high priest is significant because he stands as a mediator between God and the people, symbolizing the need for purity and holiness in worship. The mention of Joshua highlights the importance of spiritual leadership in guiding the nation back to faithfulness.

standing before the angel of the LORD
The phrase "standing before" suggests a position of service or judgment. In Hebrew, "standing" (amad) often implies readiness to serve or present oneself for examination. The "angel of the LORD" is a significant figure in the Old Testament, often seen as a manifestation of God's presence. This encounter underscores the divine authority and the seriousness of the situation. Joshua's position before the angel indicates a moment of divine scrutiny and the need for intercession on behalf of the people.

and Satan standing at his right hand
"Satan" in Hebrew is "Satan," meaning "adversary" or "accuser." His presence at Joshua's right hand, a position traditionally associated with power and authority, signifies his role as the accuser of God's people. This scene reflects the spiritual warfare that believers face, with Satan seeking to undermine and accuse them before God. The right hand is also a place of honor, suggesting that Satan's accusations are given serious consideration, highlighting the gravity of sin and the need for divine intervention.

to accuse him
The act of accusing is central to Satan's role in this vision. The Hebrew word for "accuse" is "satan," which reinforces his identity as the accuser. This accusation is not just against Joshua personally but represents the broader accusation against Israel's sinfulness. It reflects the ongoing spiritual battle and the need for God's people to rely on His grace and mercy. The presence of accusation also points to the necessity of a mediator, foreshadowing the ultimate mediation through Christ, who intercedes on behalf of believers.

The LORD said to Satan
This phrase introduces a divine dialogue, emphasizing the authority and sovereignty of God. The Hebrew term for "LORD" here is "YHWH," the sacred and personal name of God, which underscores His eternal and unchanging nature. In the context of the heavenly court, God directly addresses Satan, the accuser, highlighting the spiritual warfare and the divine authority over evil.

The LORD rebuke you, Satan!
The repetition of "The LORD" in this rebuke emphasizes the power and authority of God over Satan. The Hebrew word for "rebuke" is "gāʿar," which means to reprove or reprimand. This is not merely a suggestion but a command that carries the weight of divine judgment. It reflects God's protective nature over His people and His ultimate control over the forces of darkness.

Indeed, the LORD, who has chosen Jerusalem, rebuke you!
The phrase "who has chosen Jerusalem" is significant in understanding God's covenantal relationship with His people. The Hebrew word for "chosen" is "bāḥar," indicating a deliberate and purposeful selection. Jerusalem symbolizes God's dwelling place and His chosen people, Israel. This choice is rooted in divine love and purpose, reinforcing the idea that God's plans for His people are sovereign and unassailable.

Is not this man a burning stick snatched from the fire?
This metaphorical language paints a vivid picture of salvation and deliverance. The "burning stick" represents Joshua, the high priest, and by extension, the nation of Israel, who are in a state of peril and judgment. The Hebrew word for "snatched" is "nāṣal," meaning to rescue or deliver. This imagery conveys God's redemptive action, pulling His people from the brink of destruction. It serves as a powerful reminder of God's grace and mercy, illustrating that despite their sin and the accusations of Satan, God has intervened to save and restore.

Now Joshua
The name "Joshua" is derived from the Hebrew "Yehoshua," meaning "Yahweh is salvation." Joshua, the high priest, represents the spiritual leadership of Israel during the post-exilic period. His presence in this vision underscores the role of the priesthood in mediating between God and His people. Historically, Joshua was a key figure in the rebuilding of the temple, symbolizing the restoration of worship and covenant relationship with God.

was dressed in filthy garments
The phrase "filthy garments" is significant, as it symbolizes sin and impurity. In Hebrew, the word for "filthy" (צֹאִים, tso'im) conveys a sense of defilement and moral corruption. This imagery is powerful, illustrating the state of Israel's sinfulness and the need for divine cleansing. In the context of ancient Israel, garments often represented one's status and purity, especially for a priest. The filthy garments indicate that Joshua, and by extension Israel, is unworthy to stand before God without divine intervention.

as he stood before the Angel
The "Angel" here is often interpreted as the Angel of the Lord, a theophany or a pre-incarnate appearance of Christ. Standing before the Angel signifies being in the presence of divine judgment and mercy. In the historical context, this scene reflects the post-exilic community's need for God's grace to restore their covenant relationship. Theologically, it points to the necessity of divine intercession for humanity's sinfulness, foreshadowing the ultimate intercession through Christ. The act of standing before the Angel emphasizes the posture of accountability and the hope for redemption.

So the angel said
The term "angel" in Hebrew is "mal'ak," which means "messenger." In the context of Zechariah, this angel is a divine messenger, often understood to be a representation of God's presence and authority. The angel's role here is pivotal, acting as an intermediary who conveys God's will and enacts His divine plan. This highlights the importance of divine intervention and the role of angels as executors of God's will, emphasizing the belief in a God who is actively involved in the redemption and purification of His people.

to those standing before him
This phrase indicates the presence of other heavenly beings or attendants, possibly other angels, who are witnesses to the proceedings. In the ancient Near Eastern context, a court setting often involved multiple attendants or witnesses. This imagery suggests a heavenly court where divine justice and mercy are being dispensed. It underscores the communal aspect of divine actions, where God's decisions are witnessed and affirmed by His heavenly host.

Take off his filthy clothes!
The "filthy clothes" symbolize sin and impurity. In Hebrew, the word for "filthy" is "tsow," which conveys the idea of something loathsome or defiled. This imagery is powerful, as clothing in the ancient world often represented one's status and identity. The removal of these garments signifies the removal of sin and the cleansing of the individual. It is a vivid illustration of God's power to purify and redeem, transforming the sinner into a new creation.

Then he said to Joshua
Joshua, the high priest, represents the people of Israel. His name, "Yehoshua" in Hebrew, means "The LORD is salvation," which is significant in this context. As the high priest, Joshua stands as a mediator between God and the people, and his cleansing symbolizes the restoration of the nation. This personal address to Joshua highlights the intimate and personal nature of God's redemptive work.

See, I have removed your iniquity
The removal of iniquity is a central theme in the message of salvation. The Hebrew word for "iniquity" is "avon," which refers to guilt or sin. This divine act of removing iniquity is a profound expression of God's grace and forgiveness. It signifies a complete and total cleansing, not just a covering of sin, but its removal. This act is a precursor to the ultimate redemption through Christ, who takes away the sin of the world.

and I will clothe you with splendid robes
The "splendid robes" symbolize righteousness and honor. In Hebrew, the word for "splendid" is "machalatsot," which can also mean "festal" or "rich." This transformation from filthy garments to splendid robes represents the new identity and status bestowed upon the believer. It is a powerful image of God's grace, where He not only forgives but also restores and elevates. This foreshadows the righteousness of Christ that believers are clothed with, emphasizing the transformative power of God's salvation.

Then I said
This phrase indicates the prophet Zechariah's active participation in the vision. The Hebrew root for "said" is אָמַר (amar), which often conveys not just speaking but also declaring or commanding. Zechariah's involvement here suggests a prophetic authority and a divine prompting, emphasizing the role of human agency in God's redemptive plans. It reflects the intimate relationship between God and His prophets, where divine will is communicated through human voices.

Let them put
The phrase suggests a command or a request, indicating an action to be taken. The Hebrew verb נָתַן (nathan) means "to give" or "to place," implying a transfer or bestowal of something significant. This action is not merely physical but symbolic, representing a divine endorsement and a transformation of status. It highlights the cooperative nature of divine and angelic beings in the heavenly realm, working together to fulfill God's purposes.

a clean turban
The "clean turban" is significant in the context of priestly garments. The Hebrew word for "turban" is צָנִיף (tsaniph), which refers to the headgear worn by the high priest, as described in Exodus 28:36-39. The cleanliness of the turban symbolizes purity, holiness, and the removal of iniquity. In the historical context, this represents the restoration of the priesthood and the renewal of Israel's covenant relationship with God. It signifies a new beginning and the reinstatement of Joshua the high priest's role, pointing to the ultimate cleansing and sanctification found in Christ.

on his head
Placing the turban "on his head" signifies authority and consecration. In biblical symbolism, the head represents leadership and the seat of thought and decision-making. By placing a clean turban on Joshua's head, God is restoring his authority and role as the spiritual leader of the people. This act is a powerful image of God's grace and forgiveness, elevating Joshua from a state of impurity to one of honor and responsibility.

So they put a clean turban on his head
This phrase confirms the fulfillment of the command, emphasizing obedience and the immediate execution of God's will. The repetition of "clean turban" underscores the importance of purity and divine approval. It reflects the heavenly order and the readiness of God's servants to act according to His instructions, ensuring that His plans are carried out perfectly.

and clothed him
Clothing in the Bible often symbolizes identity, status, and righteousness. The act of clothing Joshua signifies a complete transformation and equipping for service. The Hebrew verb לָבַשׁ (lavash) means "to clothe" or "to dress," indicating a covering that provides dignity and protection. This imagery points to the righteousness of Christ that covers believers, making them acceptable before God and ready for His service.

as the angel of the LORD stood by
The presence of "the angel of the LORD" signifies divine approval and oversight. The angel's standing by indicates a position of support and witness, ensuring that the proceedings align with God's will. In the Old Testament, the "angel of the LORD" often represents a theophany, a manifestation of God's presence. This highlights the seriousness and sacredness of the event, as well as God's intimate involvement in the restoration and sanctification of His people. It serves as a reminder of God's constant presence and His active role in guiding and protecting His chosen ones.

Then
The word "Then" serves as a transitional marker, indicating a continuation or consequence of previous events. In the context of Zechariah 3, this follows the vision of Joshua the high priest standing before the angel of the LORD, symbolizing a moment of divine intervention and revelation. The Hebrew root for "then" is "וַיַּעַן" (vaya'an), which often introduces a response or a significant action, emphasizing the immediacy and importance of what follows.

the angel of the LORD
This phrase is significant in biblical theology, often interpreted as a theophany, or a pre-incarnate appearance of Christ. The "angel of the LORD" is not merely a messenger but is frequently associated with divine authority and presence. In Hebrew, "מַלְאַךְ יְהוָה" (mal'akh YHWH) conveys both the role of a messenger and the sacred name of God, YHWH, underscoring the divine nature of the message being delivered.

gave this charge
The phrase "gave this charge" indicates a command or directive, suggesting authority and responsibility. The Hebrew word "צִוָּה" (tzivah) is used here, which means to command or appoint. This reflects the seriousness and binding nature of the instructions being given to Joshua, highlighting the divine mandate and the expectation of obedience.

to Joshua
Joshua, the high priest, represents the spiritual leadership of Israel during the post-exilic period. His name in Hebrew, "יְהוֹשֻׁעַ" (Yehoshua), means "The LORD is salvation," which is significant in understanding his role as a mediator between God and the people. Historically, Joshua's position is crucial as he stands as a symbol of the restoration and purification of the priesthood, pointing towards the ultimate high priest, Jesus Christ.

This is what the LORD of Hosts says
The phrase "LORD of Hosts" is a translation of the Hebrew "Yahweh Sabaoth," which emphasizes God's supreme command over the heavenly armies. This title underscores His omnipotence and authority, reminding us that the message comes from the ultimate sovereign. Historically, this title reassures the Israelites of God's power and protection, especially during times of rebuilding and restoration after the Babylonian exile.

If you walk in My ways
The Hebrew word for "walk" (הָלַךְ, halak) implies a continuous, habitual lifestyle. It suggests not just a single act of obedience but a consistent pattern of living according to God's commandments. "My ways" refers to the divine path laid out in the Torah, emphasizing a life aligned with God's will. This phrase calls believers to a life of holiness and righteousness, echoing the covenantal relationship between God and His people.

and keep My instructions
The word "keep" (שָׁמַר, shamar) means to guard, observe, or give heed. It implies a vigilant and careful adherence to God's commands. "Instructions" (מִשְׁמֶרֶת, mishmeret) can be understood as God's laws or decrees. This phrase highlights the importance of obedience and faithfulness, which are central themes in the covenant relationship. It calls believers to a disciplined life, attentive to God's word.

then you will govern My house
"Govern" (דִּין, din) suggests leadership and authority. "My house" refers to the temple, the center of worship and God's dwelling place among His people. Historically, this promise was directed to Joshua the high priest, symbolizing his role in the spiritual leadership of Israel. For believers, it signifies the privilege and responsibility of serving in God's kingdom, emphasizing stewardship and faithful service.

and will also have charge of My courts
The phrase "have charge" (שָׁמַר, shamar) again emphasizes the responsibility of oversight and protection. "My courts" refers to the temple courts, the areas surrounding the Holy Place where worship and sacrifices occurred. This highlights the role of maintaining purity and order in worship, a call to ensure that our lives and communities reflect God's holiness.

and I will give you a place among these standing here
"A place" (מַהֲלָךְ, mahalak) can be understood as a position or status. "Among these standing here" likely refers to the angelic beings present in the vision, symbolizing a place of honor and fellowship in the divine council. This promise points to the ultimate reward of faithfulness: communion with God and His heavenly hosts. It inspires believers with the hope of eternal fellowship with God, encouraging perseverance in faith and obedience.

Hear now
The phrase "Hear now" is a call to attention, a divine imperative that demands focus and obedience. In Hebrew, the word "hear" is "שְׁמַע" (shema), which implies not just listening but also understanding and acting upon what is heard. This echoes the Shema in Deuteronomy 6:4, a central declaration of faith in Judaism, emphasizing the importance of listening to God's word with the intent to obey.

O Joshua the high priest
Joshua, the high priest, represents the spiritual leadership of Israel during the post-exilic period. His name, "יְהוֹשֻׁעַ" (Yehoshua), means "The LORD is salvation," foreshadowing the role of Jesus (Yeshua) as the ultimate High Priest. Historically, Joshua served during the rebuilding of the temple, symbolizing the restoration of worship and the covenant relationship between God and His people.

you and your companions seated before you
The "companions" refer to the other priests or leaders who are present with Joshua. The imagery of being "seated" suggests a position of authority and readiness to receive divine instruction. This assembly signifies the collective responsibility of the leaders to guide the people in righteousness and faithfulness to God's covenant.

who are indeed a sign of things to come
The term "sign" in Hebrew is "מוֹפֵת" (mofet), indicating a symbol or portent of future events. Joshua and his companions are not just leaders but prophetic symbols pointing to a greater fulfillment. This anticipates the coming of the Messiah and the establishment of God's kingdom, where the priesthood and leadership will be perfected in Christ.

I am going to bring
This phrase underscores God's initiative and sovereignty in the unfolding of His redemptive plan. The certainty of God's promise is emphasized, assuring the people that He will accomplish what He has declared. It reflects the divine assurance found throughout Scripture that God's purposes will prevail.

My servant
The term "servant" is "עֶבֶד" (eved) in Hebrew, often used to describe a chosen individual who fulfills God's purposes. This title is messianic, pointing to Jesus Christ, who is the ultimate Servant of the Lord. Isaiah's Servant Songs (Isaiah 42, 49, 50, 52-53) provide a rich backdrop, portraying the Servant as one who brings justice, suffers for the sins of many, and establishes a new covenant.

the Branch
The "Branch" is a messianic title, "צֶמַח" (tsemach) in Hebrew, symbolizing new growth and life. It signifies the emergence of a righteous ruler from the line of David, fulfilling the promises made to David about his everlasting dynasty (2 Samuel 7:12-16). Jeremiah 23:5 and Isaiah 11:1 also speak of the Branch, highlighting the hope of restoration and the coming of a king who will reign with wisdom and justice.

See the stone
The "stone" in this context is often interpreted as a symbol of Christ, the cornerstone of the Church. In Hebrew, the word for stone is "eben," which can also signify strength and stability. This stone is set before Joshua, the high priest, indicating a divine foundation upon which the priesthood and, by extension, the people of God are to be built. The stone represents God's plan and purpose, a foundation that is unshakeable and eternal.

I have set before Joshua
Joshua, the high priest, represents the leadership of God's people. The setting of the stone before him signifies God's direct involvement and initiative in establishing His covenant and promises. Historically, Joshua's role was crucial during the post-exilic period as he helped lead the people in rebuilding the temple and restoring worship. This phrase underscores God's sovereignty and His active role in guiding His people through their leaders.

on that one stone are seven eyes
The "seven eyes" symbolize divine omniscience and perfect wisdom. In Hebrew, the number seven often represents completeness or perfection. The eyes on the stone suggest that God sees all and knows all, providing assurance that His plans are perfect and His oversight is complete. This imagery reassures the faithful that God is fully aware of their circumstances and is actively watching over His creation.

Behold, I will engrave on it an inscription
The act of engraving signifies permanence and authority. In ancient times, inscriptions were used to convey important messages or decrees. Here, God Himself declares that He will inscribe the stone, indicating a divine promise or covenant. This act of engraving is a powerful reminder of God's unchanging word and His commitment to His people.

declares the LORD of Hosts
The title "LORD of Hosts" emphasizes God's supreme authority and command over the heavenly armies. It is a reminder of His power and majesty, reinforcing the certainty of His promises. This declaration assures the people that the message comes from the highest authority, the Creator and Sustainer of all things.

and I will remove the iniquity of this land
The removal of iniquity signifies forgiveness and purification. In the Hebrew context, iniquity refers to sin and moral corruption. God's promise to remove iniquity highlights His mercy and grace, offering redemption and restoration to His people. This act is a foreshadowing of the ultimate atonement through Christ, who takes away the sins of the world.

in a single day
The phrase "in a single day" underscores the immediacy and completeness of God's action. It points to a decisive moment of transformation and renewal. Historically, this could refer to the Day of Atonement, but prophetically, it looks forward to the redemptive work of Christ on the cross, where sin was dealt with once and for all. This promise offers hope and assurance of God's power to bring about swift and total redemption.

On that day
This phrase is often used in prophetic literature to denote a future time of fulfillment, a day of divine intervention or blessing. In the context of Zechariah, it points to a messianic age, a time when God's promises will be fully realized. The Hebrew term "yom" (day) can signify a literal day or an era, emphasizing the certainty and divine timing of God's plan.

each of you
This phrase indicates inclusivity and personal involvement. The prophecy is not just for a select few but for all who are part of God's covenant community. It underscores the personal nature of God's promises and the communal aspect of His blessings.

will invite his neighbor
The act of inviting a neighbor suggests hospitality, peace, and fellowship. In ancient Near Eastern culture, sharing a meal or inviting someone to one's home was a sign of friendship and reconciliation. This phrase implies a future time of harmony and unity among God's people, reflecting the peace that the Messiah will bring.

to sit under his vine and under his fig tree
This imagery is rich with symbolism. The vine and fig tree represent prosperity, security, and peace. In ancient Israel, these plants were common symbols of a settled and blessed life (1 Kings 4:25, Micah 4:4). The phrase suggests a return to Edenic conditions, where there is no fear or want, and each person enjoys the fruits of their labor in peace.

declares the LORD of Hosts
This title for God emphasizes His sovereignty and power. "LORD of Hosts" (Yahweh Sabaoth) is a military term, portraying God as the commander of heavenly armies. It assures the reader of the certainty of the prophecy, as it is backed by the authority and might of God Himself. This declaration is a divine guarantee that the promised peace and prosperity will come to pass.