On another day
This phrase indicates a continuation of the narrative, suggesting a cyclical or ongoing nature of the events in the heavenly realm. The Hebrew word for "day" is "yom," which can mean a literal day or a period of time. In the context of Job, it emphasizes the ongoing spiritual battle and the testing of Job's faith. It reminds us that spiritual challenges can be recurrent, and our faith is tested over time.

the sons of God
This term refers to angelic beings who are in the presence of God. The Hebrew phrase "bene ha-Elohim" is used here, which is often interpreted as divine beings or angels. This highlights the reality of a spiritual realm that operates alongside the physical world. It underscores the belief in a structured heavenly order where these beings serve God and carry out His will.

came to present themselves
The phrase suggests a formal gathering or assembly before God, indicating accountability and order in the heavenly realm. The Hebrew root "yatsab" implies standing or taking a position, which conveys the idea of presenting oneself for duty or reporting. This reflects the concept of divine order and the accountability of all creation to the Creator.

before the LORD
The use of "LORD" in all caps signifies the Hebrew name "Yahweh," the covenant name of God. This emphasizes the personal and relational aspect of God with His creation. It is a reminder of God's sovereignty and His intimate involvement in the affairs of the world. The presence of the "sons of God" before Yahweh highlights His supreme authority over all spiritual beings.

and Satan also came with them
The inclusion of Satan, or "ha-Satan" in Hebrew, meaning "the accuser" or "adversary," indicates his role in the heavenly court. This phrase underscores the reality of evil and opposition within the spiritual realm. It serves as a reminder of the ongoing spiritual warfare and the presence of an adversary who seeks to challenge and undermine God's purposes.

to present himself before the LORD
This repetition of the phrase emphasizes the formal and obligatory nature of Satan's appearance before God. Despite his role as an adversary, Satan is still subject to God's authority and must present himself in the divine council. This highlights the ultimate sovereignty of God over all creation, including those who oppose Him. It reassures believers of God's control and the assurance that evil is not beyond His reach or authority.

And the LORD said to Satan
This phrase introduces a divine dialogue, emphasizing the sovereignty of God. The Hebrew word for "LORD" here is "Yahweh," the covenant name of God, highlighting His eternal and unchanging nature. This conversation occurs in the heavenly court, a setting that underscores the spiritual realities beyond human perception. The presence of "Satan," whose name means "adversary" or "accuser" in Hebrew, indicates a cosmic conflict where Satan challenges the integrity of God's creation. This interaction sets the stage for the testing of Job's faith, illustrating the theme of divine permission and control over evil.

Where have you come from?
This question from God is not due to a lack of knowledge but serves to initiate a dialogue that reveals Satan's activities. It reflects God's omniscience and His role as the ultimate judge who holds all beings accountable. The question also implies a challenge to Satan's roaming and intentions, suggesting that nothing escapes God's notice. This rhetorical question invites readers to consider the nature of evil and its place within God's sovereign plan.

From roaming through the earth
Satan's response indicates his restless and aimless nature, as he "roams" the earth. The Hebrew verb "shut" conveys a sense of wandering without purpose, highlighting Satan's role as a disruptor. This roaming suggests a search for opportunities to accuse and destroy, aligning with the New Testament depiction of Satan as a prowling adversary (1 Peter 5:8). It serves as a reminder of the spiritual warfare that believers face and the vigilance required to stand firm in faith.

he replied
Satan's reply is terse and evasive, reflecting his cunning and deceitful character. The brevity of his response contrasts with the gravity of his intentions, underscoring the subtlety with which evil operates. This interaction between God and Satan reveals the latter's limited power, as he must answer to God and operate within the boundaries set by divine authority. It reassures believers of God's ultimate control over all creation, including the forces of evil.

and walking back and forth in it
This phrase further emphasizes Satan's restlessness and his persistent search for targets to accuse. The imagery of "walking back and forth" suggests a thorough and relentless pursuit, akin to a predator seeking prey. It highlights the pervasive presence of evil in the world and the need for spiritual vigilance. However, it also reassures believers that despite Satan's activity, he remains under God's sovereign oversight, unable to act without divine permission. This assurance encourages trust in God's protective power and His ultimate plan for redemption.

Then the LORD said to Satan
This phrase introduces a divine dialogue, emphasizing the sovereignty of God in the heavenly council. The Hebrew term for "LORD" is "YHWH," the sacred name of God, highlighting His eternal and self-existent nature. The presence of Satan in this dialogue underscores the reality of spiritual warfare and the adversarial role Satan plays. Historically, this setting reflects the ancient Near Eastern belief in a divine council where deities or spiritual beings convened.

Have you considered My servant Job?
The phrase "Have you considered" implies a challenge and an invitation to observe Job's character. The Hebrew word for "considered" can also mean "set your heart upon," suggesting a deep, intentional examination. "My servant Job" signifies a personal relationship and divine endorsement. In the scriptural context, being called a "servant" of God is a title of honor, reflecting faithfulness and dedication.

For there is no one on earth like him
This statement highlights Job's unique righteousness and sets him apart from all others. The phrase "no one on earth like him" underscores the rarity and exceptional nature of Job's character. Historically, this reflects the high esteem in which Job was held, not only by God but also within his community.

a man who is blameless and upright
"Blameless" in Hebrew is "tam," meaning complete or perfect in moral integrity. "Upright" is "yashar," indicating straightness or righteousness. Together, these terms paint a picture of a man who lives in accordance with God's will, embodying moral and ethical purity. This description aligns with the wisdom literature's ideal of a righteous person.

who fears God and shuns evil
The "fear of God" is a central theme in wisdom literature, representing reverence, awe, and obedience to God. "Shuns evil" indicates an active rejection of sin and wrongdoing. The Hebrew word for "shun" implies turning away or avoiding, suggesting a deliberate choice to live righteously. This phrase encapsulates the essence of a godly life.

He still retains his integrity
"Integrity" in Hebrew is "tummah," denoting wholeness and moral soundness. Despite severe trials, Job's steadfastness in faith is highlighted. This phrase serves as a testament to Job's unwavering commitment to God, even in adversity, and is a call for believers to maintain their faith under pressure.

even though you incited Me against him
The word "incited" suggests provocation or instigation. This phrase acknowledges Satan's role in challenging Job's faithfulness, yet it also affirms God's ultimate control over the situation. It reflects the tension between divine sovereignty and the presence of evil.

to ruin him without cause
"Without cause" indicates that Job's suffering was not a result of his sin or wrongdoing. This challenges the retributive justice view prevalent in ancient times, where suffering was often seen as a direct consequence of personal sin. It invites readers to trust in God's wisdom and justice, even when circumstances seem unjust.

Skin for skin
This phrase is a proverbial expression that has sparked much debate among scholars. In the Hebrew text, the word "skin" is "עוֹר" (or), which literally means the outer covering of the body. The expression "skin for skin" suggests a barter or exchange, implying that a person will give up everything, even their own skin, to save their life. Historically, this reflects the ancient Near Eastern understanding of the value of life and the lengths to which one would go to preserve it. The phrase underscores the depth of Satan's challenge, suggesting that Job's previous losses were external and that a true test would involve his own physical suffering.

Satan replied
The Hebrew name "שָׂטָן" (Satan) means "adversary" or "accuser." In the context of the Book of Job, Satan functions as the accuser in the heavenly court, challenging Job's integrity. This role is consistent with other scriptural references where Satan is depicted as the one who opposes and accuses God's people (e.g., Zechariah 3:1, Revelation 12:10). The dialogue between God and Satan in Job is unique in its portrayal of Satan's access to the divine council, highlighting the cosmic dimensions of the struggle between good and evil.

A man will give up all he owns
This phrase speaks to the human instinct for self-preservation. The Hebrew verb "נָתַן" (natan), translated as "give up," conveys the idea of surrendering or sacrificing something of value. The statement reflects a cynical view of human nature, suggesting that material possessions and even relationships are secondary to one's own survival. This challenges the reader to consider the true nature of faith and integrity, especially when faced with personal loss and suffering.

in exchange for his life
The Hebrew word for "life" is "נֶפֶשׁ" (nephesh), which can also mean "soul" or "self." It encompasses the entirety of a person's being, not just physical existence. The phrase implies that life itself is the most precious possession, worth more than any material wealth. In the context of Job's trials, this statement sets the stage for the ultimate test of Job's faith, as Satan suggests that Job's piety is contingent upon his physical well-being. This challenges the reader to reflect on the nature of true devotion to God, which transcends physical and material circumstances.

But stretch out Your hand
This phrase is a direct challenge from Satan to God, suggesting divine intervention. The Hebrew word for "stretch out" is "שׁלח" (shalach), which implies an intentional and forceful action. In the context of the Old Testament, God's hand is often symbolic of His power and authority. Here, Satan is provocatively urging God to use His power against Job, testing the depth of Job's faith and integrity. This phrase sets the stage for a divine test, emphasizing the sovereignty of God in the trials of humanity.

and strike his flesh and bones
The Hebrew word for "strike" is "נגע" (naga), which means to touch or afflict. This is a request for physical affliction, targeting Job's health and well-being. "Flesh and bones" is a Hebrew idiom representing the entirety of a person's physical being. Historically, physical health was seen as a direct reflection of one's spiritual state and favor with God. Satan's challenge here is to see if Job's faith is contingent upon his physical prosperity and health, a common belief in ancient Near Eastern cultures.

and he will surely curse You to Your face
The phrase "curse You to Your face" is a bold assertion by Satan, using the Hebrew word "ברך" (barak), which is often translated as "bless" but in this context is understood as "curse" due to its usage in a negative sense. This reflects the ultimate test of loyalty and faithfulness. Satan is insinuating that Job's piety is superficial, dependent on his circumstances. The phrase "to Your face" suggests a direct and personal affront to God, highlighting the gravity of the accusation. This sets up the narrative tension, questioning whether true faith can withstand severe trials without turning into rebellion against God.

Very well
This phrase signifies God's sovereign permission. In Hebrew, the word used here is "הִנֵּה" (hinneh), often translated as "behold" or "see." It indicates God's acknowledgment of Satan's challenge and His allowance for the testing of Job. This highlights the divine authority and control God maintains over the situation, even as He permits Satan to act. It is a reminder of God's ultimate sovereignty and the boundaries He sets, even in trials.

said the LORD
The use of "LORD" in all capitals represents the Hebrew name "YHWH," the covenant name of God, emphasizing His eternal, self-existent nature. This name is deeply significant, as it reflects God's unchanging character and His faithfulness to His people. In this context, it underscores that the conversation is not merely between two beings but involves the Almighty, who is intimately involved in the lives of His creation.

to Satan
"Satan" in Hebrew is "שָׂטָן" (satan), meaning "adversary" or "accuser." This term is not just a name but a title that describes his role as the one who opposes and accuses God's people. In the context of Job, Satan acts as the challenger of Job's righteousness, questioning the integrity of human devotion to God. This interaction reveals the spiritual warfare and the reality of evil forces that seek to undermine faith.

He is in your hands
This phrase indicates a transfer of power or authority, albeit limited, from God to Satan. The Hebrew word for "hands" is "יָד" (yad), often symbolizing power or control. Here, it signifies that Job is subject to Satan's influence, but only within the constraints set by God. This highlights the theme of divine permission and the limits of Satan's power, reassuring believers that God remains in control.

but you must spare his life
The command to "spare his life" sets a boundary that Satan cannot cross. The Hebrew word for "spare" is "שָׁמַר" (shamar), meaning to keep, guard, or preserve. This divine restriction emphasizes God's protective nature and His ultimate authority over life and death. It reassures believers that, despite trials, God preserves the essence of life and maintains His protective hand over His people, ensuring that no trial can ultimately destroy them.

So Satan went out from the presence of the LORD
This phrase marks a pivotal moment in the narrative, where Satan, the adversary, departs from the divine council. The Hebrew word for "Satan" is "שָׂטָן" (satan), meaning "adversary" or "accuser." In the context of Job, Satan functions as the accuser of Job's faithfulness. The phrase "from the presence of the LORD" indicates a departure from the heavenly court, emphasizing the sovereignty and authority of God. This setting underscores the belief that nothing occurs outside of God's knowledge and permission, reinforcing the theme of divine sovereignty and the testing of faith.

and afflicted Job with terrible boils
The Hebrew word for "afflicted" is "נָגַע" (naga), which means to strike or touch. This indicates a direct and personal attack on Job's physical body, highlighting the severity of his suffering. The "terrible boils" are described with the Hebrew word "שְׁחִין" (shechin), which refers to painful, inflamed sores. Historically, such afflictions were seen as a sign of divine judgment or severe trial. This physical suffering serves as a tangible manifestation of Job's trial, testing his faith and integrity. The severity of the boils, covering Job from head to toe, symbolizes the totality of his suffering and the depth of his trial.

from the soles of his feet to the crown of his head
This phrase emphasizes the comprehensive nature of Job's affliction. The "soles of his feet" to the "crown of his head" indicates that no part of Job's body was spared, symbolizing the completeness of his suffering. In the ancient Near Eastern context, such a condition would render Job ritually unclean and socially isolated, compounding his physical pain with emotional and spiritual distress. This total affliction serves to highlight Job's endurance and faith, as he remains steadfast despite overwhelming suffering. The phrase underscores the theme of undeserved suffering and the testing of righteous individuals, inviting readers to reflect on the nature of faith and perseverance in the face of inexplicable trials.

And Job took
The phrase "And Job took" signifies an intentional action by Job. In the Hebrew text, the verb "took" (לָקַח, laqach) implies a deliberate choice. Job's decision to take action in his suffering reflects his agency even amidst overwhelming adversity. This act of taking is a testament to his resilience and determination to address his physical affliction, despite the emotional and spiritual turmoil he is experiencing.

a piece of broken pottery
The "piece of broken pottery" (חֶרֶשׂ, cheres) is a poignant symbol of Job's shattered life. Pottery shards were common in ancient times, often used for practical purposes when whole vessels were no longer usable. This imagery underscores Job's brokenness and the fragility of human life. Archaeological findings reveal that pottery was a staple in daily life, and its broken pieces were often repurposed, much like how Job is trying to find some utility in his suffering.

to scrape himself
The act "to scrape himself" (לְהִתְגָּרֵד, lehithgared) indicates a desperate attempt to find relief from his physical torment. Scraping was a method used in ancient times to alleviate itching or remove sores. This action highlights the severity of Job's condition, as he resorts to a painful and rudimentary method to cope with his afflictions. It also symbolizes the depth of his suffering, both physically and spiritually, as he grapples with the inexplicable trials he faces.

as he sat
The phrase "as he sat" (יֹשֵׁב, yoshev) conveys a sense of resignation and contemplation. Sitting is often associated with mourning and reflection in biblical contexts. Job's posture suggests a period of introspection and endurance. In the ancient Near Eastern culture, sitting in such a manner was a common expression of grief and lamentation, indicating Job's acceptance of his current state while pondering the reasons behind his suffering.

among the ashes
"Among the ashes" (בַּתּוֹךְ הָאֵפֶר, batokh ha'efer) is a powerful image of mourning and repentance. Ashes were traditionally used in the Bible as a symbol of humility and contrition. Job's presence among the ashes signifies his deep sorrow and his acknowledgment of human frailty. Historically, sitting in ashes was a customary practice for those in deep distress or seeking divine intervention. This setting reflects Job's profound grief and his search for answers in the midst of his trials.

Then his wife said to him
This phrase introduces a pivotal moment in the narrative of Job. The Hebrew word for "wife" here is "אִשָּׁה" (ishah), which simply means woman or wife. In the context of ancient Near Eastern culture, a wife was expected to be a source of support and comfort. However, Job's wife, in her own grief and despair, becomes a voice of temptation. Her words reflect the intense emotional and spiritual strain that both she and Job are under. This moment highlights the human tendency to seek immediate relief from suffering, even if it means compromising one's values.

Do you still retain your integrity?
The word "integrity" is translated from the Hebrew "תֻּמָּה" (tummah), which implies completeness, innocence, or moral soundness. Job's integrity is a central theme throughout the book, representing his unwavering faith and righteousness despite his circumstances. His wife's question challenges the very core of Job's character, suggesting that his steadfastness is futile in the face of such overwhelming suffering. This phrase serves as a reminder of the spiritual battle that often accompanies physical and emotional trials, where one's faith and principles are put to the test.

Curse God and die!
The Hebrew word for "curse" here is "בָּרַךְ" (barak), which is often translated as "bless" but is used euphemistically in this context to mean the opposite. This reflects the cultural and linguistic nuances of the time, where direct blasphemy might be avoided in speech. The suggestion to "curse God" is a direct temptation to abandon faith and submit to despair. The phrase "and die" implies that such an act would lead to Job's immediate demise, either through divine retribution or as a release from his suffering. This statement encapsulates the ultimate test of faith, where Job is urged to renounce his relationship with God as a means of escape. It serves as a stark contrast to Job's earlier declarations of trust in God's sovereignty, emphasizing the depth of his trial and the strength required to maintain his integrity.

You speak as a foolish woman speaks
In this phrase, Job addresses his wife, who has just suggested that he curse God and die. The Hebrew word for "foolish" here is "נָבָל" (nabal), which implies moral deficiency rather than mere lack of intelligence. In the ancient Near Eastern context, wisdom was closely tied to one's relationship with God, and to speak foolishly was to speak in a way that disregarded divine wisdom and understanding. Job's rebuke is not just about her words but about the spiritual and moral implications of her suggestion. He is emphasizing the importance of maintaining faith and integrity even in the face of suffering.

Should we accept from God only good and not adversity?
This rhetorical question highlights Job's profound theological insight. The Hebrew word for "accept" is "קָבַל" (qabal), which means to receive or take. Job is acknowledging that life is a mixture of both blessings and trials, and both come from the sovereign hand of God. The word "adversity" is translated from "רָע" (ra), which can mean evil, distress, or calamity. Job's statement reflects a deep understanding of God's sovereignty and the human condition. It challenges the simplistic view that God only gives good things to His people and that suffering is always a result of sin. Job's faith allows him to see beyond his immediate circumstances and trust in God's greater plan.

In all this, Job did not sin in what he said
This concluding phrase underscores Job's righteousness and integrity. The Hebrew word for "sin" is "חָטָא" (chata), which means to miss the mark or to err. Despite his immense suffering and the temptation to speak against God, Job remains steadfast in his faith. This is a testament to his character and his unwavering trust in God. The phrase "in what he said" indicates that Job's speech, even in his distress, was measured and faithful. This serves as an inspiration for believers to guard their words and maintain their faith, even when faced with life's greatest challenges. Job's example encourages Christians to trust in God's wisdom and goodness, regardless of their circumstances.

Now when Job’s three friends
The mention of "three friends" introduces us to key figures in the narrative. In Hebrew culture, friendship was a sacred bond, often involving loyalty and mutual support. The number three may symbolize completeness or stability, suggesting that these friends represent a full spectrum of human counsel and companionship. Their role is pivotal in the unfolding drama, as they attempt to provide wisdom and comfort, albeit imperfectly.

Eliphaz the Temanite
Eliphaz is identified as a Temanite, linking him to the region of Teman, known for its wise men (Jeremiah 49:7). This association suggests that Eliphaz is a man of wisdom and experience. The name Eliphaz means "God is fine gold," indicating a person of noble character or divine insight. His perspective in the dialogues often reflects traditional wisdom and the retributive justice of God.

Bildad the Shuhite
Bildad's designation as a Shuhite connects him to Shuah, a region or tribe possibly linked to the descendants of Abraham through Keturah (Genesis 25:2). His name means "son of contention," which may foreshadow his argumentative nature in the dialogues. Bildad represents a more rigid, perhaps legalistic, approach to understanding suffering and divine justice.

Zophar the Naamathite
Zophar is called a Naamathite, though the exact location of Naamah is uncertain. His name means "chirper" or "one who talks," which is fitting given his often blunt and outspoken contributions to the discussions. Zophar's approach is characterized by a more dogmatic and impatient stance, emphasizing the need for repentance and the inscrutability of God's ways.

heard about all this adversity
The phrase "heard about all this adversity" indicates that Job's suffering was widely known, suggesting a close-knit community where news traveled quickly. The Hebrew word for adversity, "ra'ah," encompasses calamity, evil, or distress, highlighting the severity of Job's trials. This sets the stage for the friends' journey, motivated by concern and the cultural expectation to support those in distress.

that had come upon him
This phrase underscores the passive nature of Job's suffering, emphasizing that the adversity was not due to his actions but had "come upon him." This aligns with the overarching theme of the book, which challenges the simplistic equation of suffering with personal sin. It invites readers to explore the complexities of divine sovereignty and human suffering.

they each came from his own place
The friends' journey from their respective places signifies their commitment and the importance of their mission. It reflects the ancient Near Eastern custom of visiting and mourning with those who suffer. This act of coming together also symbolizes unity and shared purpose, despite the diverse backgrounds and perspectives they bring.

and they met together
The decision to meet together before approaching Job suggests a deliberate and collective effort to provide support. It implies a level of coordination and mutual agreement on how to address Job's situation. This unity, however, will be tested as their differing views on suffering and divine justice emerge in the dialogues.

to go and sympathize with Job
The intention "to go and sympathize" reveals the friends' initial compassion and empathy. The Hebrew root "nud" conveys the idea of shaking the head in sympathy or mourning, indicating a deep emotional response to Job's plight. This sets a hopeful tone, as true friendship is marked by the willingness to share in another's suffering.

and comfort him
The goal "to comfort him" reflects the friends' desire to alleviate Job's distress. The Hebrew word "nacham" can mean to console or to change one's mind, suggesting that comfort involves both emotional support and offering new perspectives. This intention, though genuine, will be challenged by the complexities of Job's situation and the limitations of human understanding.

When they saw him from a distance
This phrase sets the scene for the arrival of Job's friends, Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar. The Hebrew word for "saw" (רָאָה, ra'ah) implies more than just physical sight; it suggests a perception or understanding of Job's condition. From a distance, they could already perceive the depth of his suffering. This moment underscores the severity of Job's afflictions, as his friends could not recognize him due to his physical and emotional transformation. The distance also symbolizes the gap between their previous understanding of Job's life and the reality of his current suffering.

they did not recognize him
The Hebrew root for "recognize" (נָכַר, nakar) indicates a failure to identify or acknowledge. Job's appearance had changed so drastically due to his afflictions that even his closest friends could not identify him. This highlights the profound impact of his suffering, not only physically but also socially and relationally. It serves as a poignant reminder of how trials can alter one's identity and how suffering can isolate individuals from their community.

and they raised their voices and wept
The act of raising their voices and weeping is a traditional expression of grief in ancient Near Eastern cultures. The Hebrew word for "wept" (בָּכָה, bakah) conveys a deep, mournful crying. This reaction from Job's friends indicates their genuine sorrow and empathy for his plight. It reflects the communal nature of grief in biblical times, where mourning was a shared experience. Their response also foreshadows the intense dialogues that will follow, as they grapple with understanding Job's suffering.

Each one tore his robe
Tearing one's robe is a customary act of mourning and distress in the Hebrew culture, symbolizing the rending of one's heart and spirit. The Hebrew verb for "tore" (קָרַע, qara) is often associated with expressions of profound grief or repentance. This gesture by Job's friends signifies their deep sorrow and solidarity with Job's suffering. It also serves as a physical manifestation of their inner turmoil and confusion regarding the justice of God in the face of such inexplicable suffering.

and threw dust into the air over his head
Throwing dust over one's head is another ancient Near Eastern mourning practice, symbolizing humility and mortality. The act of casting dust (עָפָר, afar) reflects a return to the earth, acknowledging human frailty and the inevitability of death. This gesture by Job's friends is an acknowledgment of the gravity of Job's situation and their own helplessness in the face of his suffering. It also serves as a reminder of the biblical theme of dust, from which humanity was created and to which it will return, emphasizing the transient nature of life.

Then they sat down with him on the ground
This phrase highlights the profound empathy and solidarity shown by Job's friends. The act of sitting "on the ground" is significant in ancient Near Eastern culture, symbolizing mourning and humility. The Hebrew word for "sat down" (יָשַׁב, yashab) implies a settled, intentional presence, indicating that Job's friends were committed to being with him in his suffering. This act of sitting on the ground is a physical manifestation of their shared grief and a gesture of deep respect for Job's plight.

for seven days and seven nights
The duration of "seven days and seven nights" is deeply symbolic in the biblical context. The number seven often represents completeness or perfection in Scripture, as seen in the creation narrative in Genesis. Here, it suggests a complete cycle of mourning, reflecting the depth of Job's suffering and the totality of his friends' commitment to support him. This period of silence and presence is reminiscent of traditional mourning practices, where the bereaved are given space to grieve without the intrusion of words.

No one spoke a word to him
The silence of Job's friends is profound and intentional. In the Hebrew text, the phrase "spoke a word" (דָּבָר, dabar) emphasizes the absence of speech, which can often be more powerful than words themselves. This silence respects the gravity of Job's suffering, acknowledging that sometimes words are inadequate in the face of immense pain. It also reflects a wisdom that recognizes the limits of human understanding and the need for divine intervention.

for they saw that his pain was very great
The phrase "his pain was very great" captures the intensity of Job's suffering. The Hebrew word for "pain" (כְּאֵב, ke'ev) conveys not only physical agony but also emotional and spiritual distress. The friends' perception of Job's "very great" pain (גָּדוֹל, gadol) underscores their awareness of the depth of his affliction. This acknowledgment of Job's suffering is crucial, as it sets the stage for the dialogues that follow, where the friends attempt to grapple with the reasons behind such profound suffering.