Now Joseph had been taken down to Egypt
The phrase "Now Joseph had been taken down to Egypt" marks a significant transition in Joseph's life and the narrative of Genesis. The Hebrew root for "taken down" is "yarad," which often implies a descent or a lowering, both physically and metaphorically. This descent into Egypt is not just geographical but also represents a humbling of Joseph's status, from favored son to a slave. Egypt, in the biblical context, is often seen as a place of both refuge and testing for the people of Israel. Historically, Egypt was a powerful and advanced civilization, and Joseph's journey there sets the stage for God's providential plan to unfold.

where an Egyptian named Potiphar
The introduction of "an Egyptian named Potiphar" is crucial as it establishes the setting and the key figures in Joseph's story. Potiphar's name in Hebrew, "Potiphera," means "he whom Ra has given," indicating his connection to the Egyptian culture and religion, where Ra was a major deity. Potiphar's Egyptian identity highlights the cultural and religious differences Joseph would face, emphasizing the challenges of maintaining his faith in a foreign land.

an officer of Pharaoh and captain of the guard
The description "an officer of Pharaoh and captain of the guard" indicates Potiphar's high status and authority in Egyptian society. The Hebrew term for "officer" is "saris," which can mean a court official or eunuch, though in this context, it likely refers to his role as a high-ranking official. "Captain of the guard" suggests a position of significant military responsibility, overseeing the protection of Pharaoh and his interests. This detail foreshadows the influence and power dynamics Joseph will navigate in Potiphar's household.

bought him from the Ishmaelites
The act of being "bought" by Potiphar underscores Joseph's status as a slave, a stark contrast to his previous life as Jacob's favored son. The Ishmaelites, descendants of Ishmael, Abraham's son with Hagar, are traders in this narrative. Their involvement in Joseph's sale highlights the complex family dynamics and historical tensions between the descendants of Isaac and Ishmael. This transaction also reflects the broader theme of God's sovereignty, as what seems like a tragic event is part of a divine plan.

who had taken him there
The phrase "who had taken him there" reiterates the forced nature of Joseph's journey to Egypt. The Hebrew verb "laqach," meaning "to take" or "to seize," emphasizes the lack of control Joseph had over his circumstances. This element of the account invites reflection on the themes of suffering and divine providence, as Joseph's journey, though initiated by human betrayal, is ultimately used by God for a greater purpose. This sets the stage for the unfolding of God's redemptive plan through Joseph's life in Egypt.

The LORD
The term "LORD" in this context is derived from the Hebrew name "Yahweh," which signifies the covenantal God of Israel. This name emphasizes God's eternal presence and faithfulness. In the narrative of Joseph, Yahweh's presence is a constant reminder of His sovereignty and providence, even in foreign lands. The use of "LORD" here underscores the personal and relational nature of God, who is actively involved in the lives of His people, guiding and sustaining them through trials.

was with Joseph
The phrase "was with" indicates a divine presence and favor. In Hebrew, the word "with" (עִם, 'im) suggests companionship and support. This divine accompaniment is crucial for Joseph, as it signifies that despite his circumstances—being sold into slavery and living in a foreign land—God's presence is his source of strength and success. This assurance of God's presence is a recurring theme in Scripture, reminding believers that God is always near, especially in times of adversity.

and he became a successful man
The word "successful" in Hebrew is "מַצְלִיחַ" (matsliach), which conveys prosperity and advancement. Joseph's success is not merely material but is a testament to God's blessing and favor upon him. This success is a direct result of God's presence, illustrating the principle that true prosperity comes from aligning oneself with God's will and purposes. Joseph's life exemplifies how faithfulness and integrity, coupled with God's favor, lead to genuine success.

serving in the house
The term "serving" (מְשָׁרֵת, mesharet) highlights Joseph's role as a servant, which in the ancient Near Eastern context, was a position of humility and subordination. Despite his lowly status, Joseph's service is marked by diligence and excellence, reflecting his character and faith. His service in Potiphar's house becomes a platform for God's blessings to manifest, demonstrating that God can elevate His people in any circumstance when they serve faithfully.

of his Egyptian master
The mention of "Egyptian master" situates the narrative within a historical and cultural context. Egypt, a powerful and advanced civilization, represents a place of both opportunity and challenge for Joseph. His master, Potiphar, is an official in Pharaoh's court, indicating that Joseph's service is within a significant and influential household. This setting highlights the contrast between Joseph's Hebrew identity and his Egyptian environment, showcasing God's ability to work through diverse and challenging circumstances to fulfill His purposes.

When his master saw
This phrase indicates a moment of recognition and observation. The Hebrew word for "saw" is "ra'ah," which means to perceive or understand. In the context of ancient Egypt, where Joseph was a servant, the ability of a master to discern the qualities of his servants was crucial. This moment of realization by Potiphar, Joseph's master, sets the stage for the unfolding of God's plan through Joseph's life. It highlights the importance of living a life that visibly reflects God's presence, even in challenging circumstances.

that the LORD was with him
The phrase underscores the central theme of divine presence and favor. The Hebrew name for "LORD" here is "Yahweh," the covenant name of God, emphasizing a personal and relational God who is actively involved in the lives of His people. This divine presence is a recurring theme in Joseph's story, illustrating that God's faithfulness transcends human circumstances. It serves as a reminder that God's presence is not limited by location or status, whether in a foreign land or in servitude.

and made him prosper
The Hebrew word for "prosper" is "tsalach," which means to advance, succeed, or thrive. This prosperity is not merely material but encompasses all aspects of Joseph's life and work. In the historical context of Egypt, prosperity was often seen as a sign of divine favor. Joseph's success, therefore, becomes a testimony to God's blessing and a witness to those around him. It challenges believers to consider how their own lives can reflect God's glory and bring about His purposes.

in all he did
This phrase emphasizes the comprehensive nature of Joseph's success. The Hebrew word "kol" means "all" or "every," indicating that there was no area of Joseph's responsibilities that was not touched by God's blessing. This totality of success is a testament to Joseph's faithfulness and integrity, as well as God's abundant provision. It serves as an encouragement to believers that when God is with us, His influence permeates every aspect of our lives, enabling us to fulfill His purposes in all circumstances.

Joseph found favor in his sight
The phrase "found favor" is derived from the Hebrew word "chen," which signifies grace or favor. In the biblical context, finding favor often implies divine intervention or blessing. Joseph's ability to find favor in Potiphar's sight is a testament to God's providence and the righteous character of Joseph. This favor is not merely human approval but is indicative of God's hand upon Joseph's life, guiding and protecting him even in a foreign land. Historically, favor in the eyes of a superior was crucial for advancement, especially for a foreigner like Joseph in Egypt.

and became his personal attendant
The term "personal attendant" translates from the Hebrew "sharath," meaning to minister or serve. This role was significant, as it placed Joseph in a position of trust and responsibility. In ancient Egyptian society, a personal attendant would have been close to the master, involved in daily affairs, and privy to confidential matters. Joseph's rise to this position underscores his integrity and capability, qualities that were recognized by Potiphar. This role also foreshadows Joseph's future leadership, as God was preparing him for greater responsibilities.

Potiphar put him in charge of his household
"Put him in charge" indicates a delegation of authority. The Hebrew word "paqad" suggests oversight or supervision. Potiphar's decision to entrust Joseph with his household reflects a deep level of trust and confidence in Joseph's abilities. In the historical context of ancient Egypt, a household was not just a family dwelling but a complex economic unit, often involving numerous servants and significant wealth. Joseph's management of Potiphar's household demonstrates his administrative skills and foreshadows his later role as a leader in Egypt.

and entrusted him with everything he owned
The phrase "entrusted him with everything" highlights the complete confidence Potiphar had in Joseph. The Hebrew word "nathan" means to give or entrust, indicating a transfer of responsibility. This level of trust is remarkable, especially considering Joseph's status as a foreigner and a slave. It speaks to Joseph's exceptional character and the divine favor upon him. Scripturally, this trust is a precursor to the greater responsibilities Joseph would later assume in Egypt, as God was orchestrating events for His purposes. This complete entrustment also serves as a reminder of the biblical principle that those who are faithful in little will be entrusted with much (Luke 16:10).

From the time
This phrase marks a significant turning point in the narrative of Joseph's life. It indicates a specific moment when Joseph's influence began to manifest in Potiphar's household. The Hebrew word for "time" here is "עֵת" (et), which can denote a season or a specific period. This suggests that God's providential timing is at work, orchestrating events for His purposes.

he put him in charge
The act of putting Joseph in charge signifies a transfer of authority and trust. The Hebrew verb "פָּקַד" (paqad) implies oversight and responsibility. This reflects Joseph's integrity and capability, which earned him a position of leadership despite his status as a foreign slave. It is a testament to how God can elevate His faithful servants in any circumstance.

of his household
The term "household" in Hebrew is "בַּיִת" (bayit), which encompasses not just the physical dwelling but also the family and servants within it. Joseph's role extended beyond mere management; he became a steward of all that belonged to Potiphar. This highlights the biblical principle of stewardship, where God entrusts His people with responsibilities to manage faithfully.

and all that he owned
This phrase underscores the totality of Joseph's authority. The Hebrew word "כֹּל" (kol) means "all" or "everything," indicating that nothing was withheld from Joseph's oversight. It reflects the comprehensive nature of God's blessing, which extends to every aspect of life when His people walk in obedience and faithfulness.

the LORD blessed
The blessing of the LORD, "יְהוָה" (YHWH), is central to this verse. The Hebrew word "בָּרַךְ" (barak) means to bless, to endow with power for success, prosperity, and longevity. This divine favor is not just a passive state but an active force that brings about positive change and prosperity. It is a reminder that true blessing comes from God alone.

the household of the Egyptian
The mention of "the Egyptian" highlights the cross-cultural impact of God's blessing through Joseph. Potiphar, an Egyptian, experiences the favor of the Hebrew God because of Joseph's presence. This serves as a foreshadowing of God's plan to bless all nations through His chosen people, ultimately fulfilled in Christ.

because of Joseph
Joseph is the conduit of God's blessing. His faithfulness and integrity are the reasons for the prosperity that Potiphar's household experiences. This illustrates the biblical truth that God often uses His people as vessels to bring His blessings to others, demonstrating His grace and favor through their lives.

The blessing of the LORD was on everything he owned
This reiteration emphasizes the pervasive nature of God's blessing. The Hebrew word "כֹּל" (kol) is used again to stress that nothing was exempt from divine favor. It serves as a powerful reminder that when God blesses, it affects every area of life, both seen and unseen.

both in his house and in his field
The distinction between "house" and "field" indicates that God's blessing was not limited to domestic affairs but extended to agricultural and economic endeavors as well. This comprehensive blessing reflects the holistic nature of God's provision, covering all aspects of life and work. It is a testament to the abundant life that God desires for His people when they walk in His ways.

So Potiphar left all that he owned in Joseph’s care
The phrase highlights the immense trust Potiphar placed in Joseph. The Hebrew root for "left" is "נָטַשׁ" (natash), which implies a complete relinquishment of control. This trust is significant, considering Joseph's status as a foreign slave. Historically, this reflects the ancient Egyptian practice of entrusting household management to capable stewards, often slaves or foreigners, who demonstrated exceptional skill and integrity. Joseph's rise to such a position underscores God's providence and favor upon him, despite his circumstances.

and with him in charge
The phrase "in charge" comes from the Hebrew "עַל־יָדוֹ" (al-yado), meaning "under his hand." This indicates not just a position of authority but also a sense of responsibility and stewardship. Joseph's leadership is a testament to his character and God's blessing, as he manages Potiphar's household with wisdom and diligence. This mirrors the biblical principle that those who are faithful in little will be entrusted with much (Luke 16:10).

he did not concern himself with anything except the food he ate
This phrase illustrates the complete confidence Potiphar had in Joseph, to the extent that he only focused on his personal sustenance. The Hebrew word for "concern" is "יָדַע" (yada), which means "to know" or "to care for." Potiphar's lack of concern signifies Joseph's exceptional management skills and integrity, which allowed Potiphar to live without worry. This scenario reflects the peace and order that can result from godly leadership and faithful service.

Now Joseph was well-built and handsome
The description of Joseph as "well-built and handsome" uses the Hebrew words "יְפֵה־תֹאַר" (yafeh-toar) and "יְפֵה־מַרְאֶה" (yafeh-mareh), which denote physical attractiveness and a pleasing appearance. This detail, while seemingly superficial, sets the stage for the subsequent narrative involving Potiphar's wife. It highlights the biblical theme that external beauty can lead to both favor and temptation. Joseph's physical appearance, combined with his integrity, makes him a unique figure in the biblical narrative, illustrating that true beauty is found in character and godliness.

and after some time
This phrase indicates a passage of time, suggesting that Joseph had been in Potiphar's house long enough to gain trust and responsibility. The Hebrew word for "time" here is "yom," which can mean day, time, or period. This implies a significant duration during which Joseph's character and abilities became evident. Historically, this period allowed Joseph to demonstrate his faithfulness and integrity, setting the stage for the upcoming trial of temptation.

his master’s wife
The reference to "his master’s wife" highlights the social and hierarchical dynamics at play. Potiphar's wife, unnamed in the text, represents a figure of authority and power. In the ancient Egyptian context, women of her status had considerable influence within the household. This phrase sets up the moral and ethical conflict, as Joseph, a Hebrew slave, is confronted by someone of higher social standing, testing his loyalty to both his earthly master and his God.

cast her eyes on Joseph
The phrase "cast her eyes" suggests a deliberate and lustful gaze. The Hebrew verb "nasa" means to lift or carry, indicating an intentional and focused attention. This action is the beginning of temptation, as Potiphar's wife allows her desires to dictate her actions. In a broader scriptural context, this reflects the biblical theme of the eyes as a gateway to sin, echoing the warnings found in Proverbs about guarding one's heart and eyes.

and said, 'Sleep with me.'
This direct proposition is both bold and unambiguous. The Hebrew word for "sleep" is "shakab," which in this context implies sexual relations. Potiphar's wife's forwardness contrasts sharply with Joseph's integrity. Her words are a test of Joseph's moral character and his commitment to God's standards. This moment is pivotal, as it challenges Joseph to choose between succumbing to temptation or remaining faithful to God and his master. The narrative invites readers to reflect on the nature of temptation and the strength required to resist it, drawing inspiration from Joseph's eventual response.

But he refused
The phrase "But he refused" highlights Joseph's immediate and decisive rejection of temptation. The Hebrew root for "refused" is "מָאֵן" (ma'en), which conveys a strong, deliberate denial. This refusal is not just a passive act but an active choice to uphold righteousness. Joseph's refusal is a testament to his integrity and faithfulness to God, even in the face of persistent temptation. It serves as an inspirational example of moral fortitude and the power of personal conviction.

Look
The word "Look" is translated from the Hebrew "הִנֵּה" (hinneh), often used to draw attention to something significant. Joseph is urging Potiphar's wife to consider the gravity of the situation. This word serves as a call to awareness, inviting her to see the broader implications of her actions. It reflects Joseph's attempt to reason with her, emphasizing the importance of understanding and acknowledging the truth.

he said to his master’s wife
This phrase sets the context of the conversation, highlighting the hierarchical and relational dynamics at play. Joseph, a servant, is speaking to his master's wife, which underscores the boldness and courage required to confront her. The historical context reveals the vulnerability of Joseph's position, yet he chooses to speak truthfully and respectfully. This interaction exemplifies the biblical principle of speaking the truth in love, regardless of the potential consequences.

with me here
The phrase "with me here" indicates Joseph's awareness of his role and responsibilities within Potiphar's household. It reflects his understanding of the trust placed in him and his commitment to honor that trust. Joseph's acknowledgment of his position serves as a reminder of the importance of stewardship and faithfulness in all areas of life, recognizing that our actions have a direct impact on those around us.

my master does not concern himself with anything in his house
This statement reveals the extent of the trust Potiphar placed in Joseph. The phrase "does not concern himself" suggests complete confidence and reliance on Joseph's integrity and capability. Historically, this level of trust was rare for a servant, indicating Joseph's exceptional character and work ethic. It serves as an encouragement to believers to strive for excellence and trustworthiness in all their endeavors, knowing that such qualities honor God and earn the respect of others.

and he has entrusted everything he owns to my care
The word "entrusted" comes from the Hebrew "פָּקַד" (paqad), meaning to appoint or assign responsibility. This phrase underscores the significant responsibility Joseph held, managing all of Potiphar's possessions. It highlights the biblical principle of stewardship, where believers are called to faithfully manage what God has entrusted to them. Joseph's example inspires us to be diligent and faithful stewards, recognizing that our ultimate accountability is to God, who sees and rewards our faithfulness.

No one in this house is greater than I am
This phrase reflects Joseph's position of authority and trust within Potiphar's household. The Hebrew word for "greater" is "gadol," which implies not just size or stature, but also importance and responsibility. Joseph acknowledges the significant trust placed in him, highlighting his integrity and the respect he has earned. Historically, this underscores the social structure of ancient Egypt, where a trusted servant could rise to a position of considerable influence.

He has withheld nothing from me except you
The word "withheld" comes from the Hebrew "chasak," meaning to restrain or hold back. This indicates the complete trust Potiphar had in Joseph, entrusting him with everything except his wife. This phrase emphasizes the boundaries of trust and the sanctity of marriage, which Joseph respects deeply. It also reflects the moral and ethical standards that Joseph adheres to, despite being in a foreign land.

because you are his wife
The term "wife" in Hebrew is "ishshah," which signifies a woman in a covenant relationship with her husband. This highlights the sacredness of marriage as ordained by God. Joseph's recognition of Potiphar's wife as such shows his understanding of and respect for the divine institution of marriage, which is consistent with the conservative Christian view of marriage as a covenant before God.

So how could I do such a great evil
The phrase "great evil" uses the Hebrew "ra'ah," which denotes something morally wrong or wicked. Joseph's rhetorical question reveals his strong moral compass and his awareness of the gravity of the sin. This reflects the biblical principle that sin is not just a personal failing but an offense against God's established order.

and sin against God?
The word "sin" is derived from the Hebrew "chata," meaning to miss the mark or to transgress. Joseph's statement shows his understanding that sin is ultimately against God, not just against other people. This aligns with the conservative Christian belief that all sin is an affront to God's holiness. Joseph's fear of sinning against God demonstrates his deep faith and commitment to living a life that honors God, even in the face of temptation.

Although Potiphar’s wife spoke to Joseph
This phrase introduces the persistent temptation Joseph faced. The Hebrew root for "spoke" (דִּבֶּרֶת, dibberet) implies a continuous action, suggesting that Potiphar's wife was relentless in her attempts to seduce Joseph. Historically, this reflects the societal norms of ancient Egypt, where women of high status could exert significant influence. Joseph's resistance highlights his moral integrity and commitment to God's standards, despite the cultural pressures.

day after day
The repetition of temptation "day after day" emphasizes the ongoing nature of Joseph's trial. In Hebrew, the phrase (יוֹם יוֹם, yom yom) underscores the relentless and daily nature of the challenge. This persistence can be seen as a test of Joseph's character and faith. It serves as a reminder to believers of the importance of daily vigilance and reliance on God's strength to resist temptation.

he refused
Joseph's refusal is a decisive act of will. The Hebrew word used here (מֵאֵן, me'en) conveys a strong, deliberate rejection. This refusal is not just a one-time act but a continual stance against sin. Joseph's steadfastness is an example of the power of personal conviction and the importance of setting boundaries to maintain one's integrity.

to go to bed with her
This phrase directly addresses the nature of the temptation—sexual immorality. In the cultural context of ancient Egypt, such liaisons might have been seen as advantageous or even expected. However, Joseph's understanding of God's law transcends cultural norms. His refusal to engage in sexual sin reflects a deep commitment to purity and God's commandments, serving as a model for believers to uphold biblical standards in all circumstances.

or even be with her
Joseph's decision to avoid even being in the presence of Potiphar's wife demonstrates wisdom and prudence. The Hebrew phrase (לִהְיוֹת עִמָּהּ, lihyot 'immah) suggests a conscious effort to avoid situations that could lead to temptation. This proactive approach is a practical application of the biblical principle to "flee from sexual immorality" (1 Corinthians 6:18). It underscores the importance of setting boundaries and making wise choices to protect one's spiritual integrity.

One day, however
This phrase sets the stage for a pivotal moment in Joseph's life. The Hebrew word for "day" (יוֹם, yom) often signifies a specific time or event that is significant in the biblical narrative. Here, it marks the beginning of a test of character for Joseph. The word "however" introduces a contrast to the routine, suggesting an unexpected turn of events. This moment is divinely orchestrated, reminding us that God’s providence often unfolds in the ordinary days of our lives.

Joseph went into the house
Joseph, a Hebrew slave in Egypt, is portrayed as diligent and responsible. The Hebrew name "Joseph" (יוֹסֵף, Yosef) means "He will add," reflecting God's promise to increase and bless. His entry into the house signifies his commitment to his duties, despite his status as a servant. This action foreshadows the impending trial, emphasizing Joseph's integrity and the trust placed in him by his master, Potiphar.

to attend to his work
The phrase underscores Joseph's dedication and work ethic. The Hebrew root for "work" (מְלָאכָה, melakah) implies not just labor but also service and mission. Joseph's work is not merely a task but a calling, reflecting the biblical principle that all work is sacred when done unto the Lord. His faithfulness in small things prepares him for greater responsibilities, illustrating the biblical truth that God honors those who are faithful in their duties.

and not a single household servant was inside
This detail heightens the tension of the narrative. The absence of other servants creates a vulnerable situation for Joseph, setting the stage for the temptation he is about to face. The Hebrew word for "servant" (עֶבֶד, eved) can also mean "slave," indicating the hierarchical structure of the household. This scenario tests Joseph's moral fortitude, as he is alone with Potiphar's wife. It serves as a reminder that integrity is often tested in solitude, away from the eyes of others, but always before the eyes of God.

She caught him by his cloak
The Hebrew word for "caught" is "תִּתְפְּשֵׂהוּ" (tithpesehu), which implies a forceful or determined action. This indicates the aggressive nature of Potiphar's wife's attempt to seduce Joseph. The "cloak" (בִּגְדוֹ, begdo) symbolizes Joseph's status and identity within Potiphar's household. In ancient Egyptian culture, garments often signified one's role and authority. By seizing his cloak, Potiphar's wife is not only attempting to physically restrain Joseph but also to strip him of his dignity and position.

and said, 'Sleep with me!'
The directness of her command highlights the boldness and immorality of her proposition. The Hebrew phrase "שִׁכְבָה עִמִּי" (shikhvah 'immi) is a blunt and unambiguous invitation to sexual sin. This reflects the moral decay and the temptations that Joseph faced in a foreign land, away from his family and the God-fearing environment he was raised in. It serves as a reminder of the constant spiritual battles believers face and the need for steadfastness in the face of temptation.

But leaving his cloak in her hand
Joseph's decision to leave his cloak behind is a powerful testament to his integrity and commitment to righteousness. The act of leaving his cloak, despite the potential consequences, underscores his willingness to sacrifice his personal comfort and reputation to maintain his purity. This echoes the biblical principle found in 1 Corinthians 6:18, "Flee from sexual immorality." Joseph's actions serve as an example of the importance of fleeing from sin, even when it requires personal loss.

he escaped and ran outside
The Hebrew verb "וַיָּנָס" (vayanas) means "to flee" or "to escape," indicating a swift and decisive action. Joseph's immediate response to temptation was to physically remove himself from the situation, demonstrating wisdom and discernment. His flight is not an act of cowardice but of courage and faithfulness to God. Historically, this moment is pivotal, as it sets the stage for Joseph's eventual rise to power in Egypt. Spiritually, it illustrates the principle that God honors those who honor Him, even when the path is fraught with trials and misunderstandings.

When she saw
This phrase indicates a moment of realization and perception. In the Hebrew text, the word for "saw" is "רָאָה" (ra'ah), which means to see, perceive, or understand. This moment is pivotal as it marks the transition from temptation to accusation. It reflects the cunning and deceitful nature of Potiphar's wife, who, upon seeing the evidence of Joseph's cloak, begins to concoct a false narrative. This highlights the theme of false accusations and the trials of the righteous, a recurring theme in the Bible.

that he had left
The Hebrew word for "left" is "עָזַב" (azab), which can mean to leave, forsake, or abandon. Joseph's action of leaving his cloak behind is symbolic of his commitment to righteousness and his refusal to succumb to sin. It signifies his willingness to abandon even his personal belongings to maintain his integrity. This act of leaving is a powerful testament to Joseph's character and his unwavering faithfulness to God.

his cloak
The cloak, or "בֶּגֶד" (beged) in Hebrew, is a significant object in this narrative. It represents Joseph's identity and status within Potiphar's household. The cloak becomes a false witness against him, much like the bloodied coat of many colors did earlier in his life. This repetition of losing a garment under false pretenses underscores the theme of suffering and injustice that Joseph endures, yet it also foreshadows his eventual vindication and rise to power.

in her hand
The phrase "in her hand" signifies possession and control. In the Hebrew context, the hand ("יָד" - yad) often symbolizes power and authority. Potiphar's wife holding Joseph's cloak in her hand represents her attempt to exert control over the situation and manipulate the narrative to her advantage. It is a stark contrast to Joseph's lack of physical power in this moment, yet spiritually, he remains strong and unyielding.

and had run out
The act of running, "רָץ" (ratz) in Hebrew, conveys urgency and determination. Joseph's decision to flee is a demonstration of his commitment to purity and his desire to avoid sin at all costs. This action aligns with the biblical principle found in 1 Corinthians 6:18, which advises believers to flee from sexual immorality. Joseph's flight is an example of proactive righteousness, choosing to escape rather than entertain temptation.

of the house
The house, or "בַּיִת" (bayit) in Hebrew, is often a symbol of one's domain or sphere of influence. Joseph's departure from the house signifies his removal from a place of temptation and potential sin. It also foreshadows his physical removal from Potiphar's household, leading to his imprisonment. Yet, even in this, God's providence is at work, setting the stage for Joseph's eventual rise to power in Egypt. This highlights the theme of God's sovereignty and the belief that He can bring good out of seemingly dire circumstances.

she called her household servants
The phrase indicates the immediate action taken by Potiphar's wife to gather witnesses. In the ancient Near Eastern context, household servants were often considered part of the extended family unit, yet they held a lower social status. The Hebrew word for "called" (קָרָא, qara) suggests a summoning with authority, reflecting her position in the household. This action sets the stage for the false accusation, highlighting the power dynamics and the vulnerability of servants and slaves in that era.

Look
This word serves as an imperative, drawing attention to the situation. In Hebrew, "look" (רְאוּ, re'u) is often used to emphasize the importance or urgency of what follows. It is a call to witness and believe her version of events, underscoring the manipulative nature of her claim. The use of this word suggests an attempt to control the narrative and sway the opinion of the servants.

this Hebrew
The term "Hebrew" (עִבְרִי, ivri) is used here with a derogatory connotation. In the ancient world, ethnic identity was significant, and the term "Hebrew" might have been used to emphasize Joseph's outsider status. This reflects the ethnic tensions and prejudices that existed, as well as the vulnerability of foreigners in a foreign land. It also foreshadows the broader narrative of the Israelites in Egypt.

has been brought to us
This phrase implies a lack of agency on Joseph's part, as if he were an object rather than a person. The passive construction suggests that Joseph's presence in the household was not by his own doing, but rather orchestrated by others, possibly hinting at divine providence despite the immediate negative circumstances. It also reflects the historical practice of buying and selling slaves, a common occurrence in ancient Egypt.

to make sport of us
The phrase "to make sport of us" (לְצַחֶק בָּנוּ, letzachek banu) can be understood as "to mock" or "to insult." The Hebrew root צחק (tzachak) often implies laughter or mockery, but in this context, it suggests a more sinister intent. This accusation is a distortion of Joseph's character and intentions, highlighting the theme of false witness and the destructive power of lies. It also reflects the cultural fear of shame and dishonor, which were significant concerns in ancient societies.

He came to me
This statement is a direct accusation, placing the blame squarely on Joseph. The Hebrew verb "came" (בָּא, ba) is simple yet powerful, indicating movement and intention. In the narrative, it contrasts with Joseph's actual behavior, as he consistently resisted her advances. This highlights the theme of integrity and righteousness in the face of false accusations.

so I screamed for help
The claim of screaming for help (וָאֶקְרָא בְּקוֹל גָּדוֹל, va'ekra bekol gadol) is intended to portray Potiphar's wife as a victim. The Hebrew phrase "screamed for help" suggests a loud, desperate cry, which would have been expected in a genuine assault. However, the narrative context reveals this as a fabrication, emphasizing the theme of deceit. This also reflects the societal expectations of women to protect their honor, even if through falsehood, in a patriarchal society.

When he heard me scream for help
This phrase captures a pivotal moment in the narrative of Joseph and Potiphar's wife. The Hebrew word for "scream" is "צָעַק" (tsa'aq), which conveys a loud cry or call for assistance. In the ancient Near Eastern context, a scream would have been a public alarm, drawing attention to an urgent situation. This phrase is crucial as it sets the stage for the false accusation against Joseph, highlighting the deceit and manipulation by Potiphar's wife. Her scream was not a genuine call for help but a calculated move to entrap Joseph, reflecting the moral and ethical challenges he faced.

he left his cloak beside me
The "cloak" or "garment" in Hebrew is "בֶּגֶד" (beged), which can also mean "covering" or "garment." In the cultural and historical context of the time, a cloak was an essential piece of clothing, often signifying one's status or identity. Joseph's leaving of his cloak is symbolic of his integrity and his refusal to succumb to temptation. It also serves as a physical piece of evidence used against him, illustrating how something meant to protect and cover can be turned into a tool of deception. This act of leaving the cloak behind underscores Joseph's commitment to righteousness, even when it leads to personal loss.

and ran out of the house
The action of "ran" is translated from the Hebrew "נָס" (nas), meaning to flee or escape. This word choice emphasizes Joseph's urgent desire to remove himself from a compromising situation. In the broader scriptural context, fleeing from sin is a recurring theme, encouraging believers to actively avoid situations that could lead to moral failure. Joseph's decision to run out of the house is a testament to his character and his unwavering commitment to uphold his values, even in the face of false accusations and potential danger. This act of fleeing is not just a physical escape but a spiritual one, demonstrating the importance of maintaining one's integrity in the face of temptation.

So she kept
The phrase "so she kept" indicates an intentional and deliberate action by Potiphar's wife. The Hebrew root for "kept" is "נָתַן" (natan), which means to give, put, or set. This suggests that she purposefully retained the cloak as evidence to support her false accusation against Joseph. In a broader scriptural context, this act of keeping the cloak symbolizes the deceit and manipulation that can arise from unchecked desires and falsehoods. It serves as a reminder of the importance of integrity and truthfulness, even when faced with temptation or adversity.

his cloak
The "cloak" in this context is a significant piece of evidence. In Hebrew, the word used is "בֶּגֶד" (beged), which can mean garment or clothing. This cloak, left behind by Joseph as he fled from Potiphar's wife, becomes a pivotal piece in the narrative. Historically, garments often symbolized identity and status. Joseph's cloak, therefore, represents his integrity and the unjust circumstances he finds himself in. The cloak, once a symbol of his favored status with his father, now becomes a tool of deception. This highlights the theme of how external circumstances can be manipulated, but true character is revealed through one's actions.

beside her
The phrase "beside her" indicates proximity and possession. In the Hebrew text, the word "אֵצֶל" (etzel) is used, which means near or beside. This positioning of the cloak beside her suggests her readiness to use it as false evidence against Joseph. It underscores the premeditated nature of her accusation. From a spiritual perspective, this act of keeping the cloak close serves as a metaphor for how sin and deceit can be kept close to one's heart, ready to be used to harm others. It is a call for believers to guard their hearts and actions against such deceit.

until his master came home
This phrase sets the stage for the impending confrontation. The Hebrew word for "master" is "אָדוֹן" (adon), which denotes lord or master, reflecting Potiphar's authority over Joseph. The phrase "came home" indicates a return to a place of authority and decision-making. Historically, the return of the master signifies a moment of judgment and decision. In the broader biblical narrative, this moment foreshadows the trials and tribulations that Joseph will face, yet it also sets the stage for God's providential plan to unfold. It serves as a reminder that while human judgment can be flawed, divine justice prevails in the end. This encourages believers to trust in God's ultimate plan and justice, even when faced with false accusations or trials.

Then she told him this same story
This phrase indicates a repetition of a narrative, suggesting a deliberate attempt to reinforce a particular version of events. The Hebrew root for "told" is "נָגַד" (nagad), which means to declare or announce. This implies a formal and assertive communication, often used in contexts where the speaker is trying to establish authority or credibility. In the historical context, Potiphar's wife is attempting to assert her version of the incident with Joseph, emphasizing her perspective to her husband.

The Hebrew slave
The term "Hebrew" (עִבְרִי, Ivri) is significant as it denotes Joseph's ethnic identity, which in this context is used pejoratively. It highlights the social and cultural tensions between Egyptians and Hebrews. The use of "slave" (עֶבֶד, eved) underscores Joseph's low social status and vulnerability. Historically, this reflects the broader narrative of the Israelites' eventual enslavement in Egypt, setting the stage for their later deliverance.

you brought us
This phrase shifts some responsibility onto Potiphar, suggesting that he is partly to blame for the situation by bringing Joseph into their household. The Hebrew verb "בּוֹא" (bo) means to bring or to come, indicating an action initiated by Potiphar. This reflects a common human tendency to deflect blame and manipulate situations to one's advantage, a theme that resonates throughout biblical narratives.

came to me
The phrase "came to me" (בָּא אֵלַי, ba elai) implies an approach or advance, often with a connotation of intent or purpose. In the context of the accusation, it suggests an unwanted or inappropriate advance. This reflects the broader biblical theme of false accusations and the trials of the righteous, as seen in the lives of other biblical figures like Daniel and Jesus.

to make sport of me
The phrase "to make sport of me" (לְצַחֵק בִּי, letzachek bi) can be translated as to mock or to ridicule. The root "צָחַק" (tsachaq) is often associated with laughter or jesting, but in this context, it carries a negative connotation of derision or humiliation. This accusation is a pivotal moment in Joseph's story, leading to his imprisonment. It highlights the theme of suffering and injustice faced by God's chosen, yet it also sets the stage for divine intervention and eventual vindication.

But when I screamed for help
This phrase captures the pivotal moment in the false accusation against Joseph by Potiphar's wife. The Hebrew root for "screamed" is "צָעַק" (tsa'aq), which conveys a loud cry or call for assistance. In the ancient Near Eastern context, a woman's scream would have been a serious alarm, drawing immediate attention. This act of screaming was a strategic move by Potiphar's wife to fabricate evidence against Joseph, highlighting the theme of false witness and the vulnerability of the innocent. It serves as a reminder of the trials faced by the righteous and the importance of maintaining integrity even when falsely accused.

he left his cloak beside me
The "cloak" or "garment" in Hebrew is "בֶּגֶד" (beged), which can also mean "covering" or "garment." Joseph's cloak becomes a symbol of his integrity and the false evidence used against him. Historically, garments were significant in ancient cultures, often representing one's status or identity. Joseph's leaving of the cloak signifies his refusal to compromise his moral standards, even at the cost of his personal freedom. This act of leaving the cloak behind is a powerful testament to his character, as he chooses righteousness over succumbing to temptation.

and ran out of the house
The action of "ran" is derived from the Hebrew "נָס" (nas), meaning to flee or escape. Joseph's decision to run reflects his commitment to purity and his desire to avoid sin at all costs. In the broader scriptural context, fleeing from temptation is a recurring theme, emphasizing the importance of taking decisive action to maintain one's spiritual integrity. Joseph's flight from the house is not an act of cowardice but rather a demonstration of his strength and resolve to uphold God's standards. This moment serves as an inspirational example for believers to actively resist temptation and seek refuge in God's righteousness.

When his master heard
The phrase "when his master heard" indicates a pivotal moment of decision and reaction. The Hebrew root for "heard" is "שָׁמַע" (shama), which implies not just the act of hearing but also understanding and responding. In the ancient Near Eastern context, a master's authority was absolute, and his response would have significant consequences. This moment underscores the weight of authority and the responsibility that comes with it, reminding us of the importance of discernment and justice in leadership.

the account his wife told him
The "story" refers to the account given by Potiphar's wife, which is a fabrication. The Hebrew word for "story" is "דָּבָר" (dabar), which can mean word, matter, or thing. This highlights the power of words to shape perceptions and influence actions. In a historical context, the testimony of a wife would carry significant weight, especially against a slave. This serves as a cautionary tale about the potential for deceit and the need for truthfulness.

saying, 'This is what your slave did to me,'
The phrase "This is what your slave did to me" is a direct accusation. The term "slave" (עֶבֶד, ebed) emphasizes Joseph's lowly status and vulnerability. In the ancient world, slaves had little to no rights, and their word was often disregarded against that of their masters. This highlights the theme of injustice and the trials faced by the righteous, as Joseph is falsely accused despite his integrity.

he burned with anger
The phrase "he burned with anger" conveys an intense emotional response. The Hebrew root for "burned" is "חָרָה" (charah), which suggests a kindling or blazing of anger. This reaction is understandable given the perceived betrayal and violation of trust. However, it also reflects the human tendency to react impulsively to accusations without seeking the full truth. This serves as a reminder of the importance of patience and seeking God's wisdom in moments of anger and decision-making.

Joseph’s master
This phrase refers to Potiphar, an Egyptian officer of Pharaoh and captain of the guard. The Hebrew word for "master" is "אָדוֹן" (adon), which signifies lord or ruler. Potiphar, as Joseph's master, held significant authority and power, reflecting the hierarchical structure of ancient Egyptian society. This context highlights the gravity of Joseph's situation, as he was at the mercy of a powerful figure.

took him
The action of taking Joseph indicates a decisive and authoritative move by Potiphar. The Hebrew verb "לָקַח" (laqach) means to take, seize, or capture. This word choice underscores the abrupt change in Joseph's circumstances, from a trusted servant to a prisoner, emphasizing the vulnerability and injustice he faced.

had him thrown
This phrase conveys the forceful and unjust treatment Joseph received. The Hebrew root "שָׁלַךְ" (shalach) means to throw or cast. It suggests a lack of trial or defense, highlighting the severity of the false accusation against Joseph and the swift judgment he endured.

into the prison
The term "prison" in Hebrew is "בֵּית הַסֹּהַר" (beit hasohar), meaning house of confinement. This was not merely a holding cell but a place of severe restriction and hardship. The historical context of Egyptian prisons, often harsh and oppressive, underscores the dire situation Joseph found himself in, despite his innocence.

where the king’s prisoners were confined
This phrase indicates that Joseph was placed in a prison reserved for those who had offended Pharaoh. The Hebrew word for "confined" is "אָסַר" (asar), meaning to bind or imprison. This setting, while grim, also places Joseph in proximity to influential figures, setting the stage for God's providential plan to unfold.

So Joseph was there
The repetition of Joseph's name emphasizes his presence and endurance in this difficult situation. The Hebrew structure suggests a sense of continuity and resilience, as Joseph remains steadfast despite his circumstances. This highlights his unwavering faith and integrity.

in the prison
The reiteration of Joseph's location serves to remind the reader of his unjust suffering. Yet, it also foreshadows the divine intervention that will occur. The prison, a place of despair, becomes a backdrop for God's redemptive work in Joseph's life, illustrating the theme of hope and deliverance.

But the LORD
The phrase "But the LORD" introduces a pivotal contrast in the narrative of Joseph's life. In Hebrew, "Yahweh" is the covenant name of God, emphasizing His personal and faithful relationship with His people. This phrase signifies a divine intervention and presence that transcends Joseph's dire circumstances. Historically, this reflects the consistent biblical theme that God remains sovereign and active, even when human situations seem bleak.

was with Joseph
The Hebrew word for "with" (אֵת, 'et) indicates a close, personal presence. This phrase underscores the intimate relationship between God and Joseph, highlighting that God's presence is not just a distant oversight but an active companionship. In the broader scriptural context, this mirrors God's promise to be with His people, as seen in the lives of other patriarchs like Abraham and Isaac.

and extended kindness to him
The word "kindness" (חֶסֶד, chesed) in Hebrew is rich with meaning, often translated as loving-kindness or steadfast love. It conveys a sense of loyal love and mercy that is covenantal in nature. This kindness is not merely a passive feeling but an active extension of God's grace and favor, which is a recurring theme throughout the Old Testament.

granting him favor
The term "favor" (חֵן, chen) suggests grace and acceptance. In the ancient Near Eastern context, favor was often seen as a sign of divine blessing and approval. Joseph's favor in the eyes of others, despite his circumstances, is a testament to God's sovereign ability to influence human hearts and situations for His purposes.

in the eyes of the prison warden
The phrase "in the eyes of" is a Hebrew idiom that means in the opinion or judgment of someone. The "prison warden" represents authority and control within the confines of Joseph's imprisonment. This highlights the miraculous nature of God's intervention, as Joseph finds favor even in a place designed to be devoid of hope and freedom. Historically, this reflects the biblical principle that God's favor can transcend human systems and hierarchies.

And the warden
The term "warden" refers to the chief officer or overseer of the prison. In the Hebrew text, the word used is "sar," which can mean prince, ruler, or chief. This indicates a person of authority and responsibility. Historically, the role of a warden in ancient Egypt would have been significant, as prisons were not just places of punishment but also of administrative importance. The warden's decision to entrust Joseph with such responsibility speaks volumes about Joseph's character and the divine favor upon him.

put all the prisoners
The phrase "put all the prisoners" suggests a complete transfer of responsibility. The Hebrew word "nathan" is used here, meaning to give, set, or appoint. This action signifies a total delegation of authority, which is remarkable given Joseph's status as a foreigner and a slave. It highlights the trust and confidence the warden had in Joseph, which can be seen as a reflection of God's providence and Joseph's integrity.

under Joseph’s care
The phrase "under Joseph’s care" indicates a position of stewardship and management. The Hebrew root "yad" is often translated as hand, implying control or oversight. Joseph's role was not merely administrative but also pastoral, as he was responsible for the well-being of the prisoners. This mirrors the biblical theme of faithful stewardship, where those who are faithful in little are entrusted with much (Luke 16:10).

so that he was responsible
The phrase "so that he was responsible" underscores the accountability and trust placed in Joseph. The Hebrew word "asah" means to do, make, or accomplish. Joseph's responsibility was comprehensive, covering all activities within the prison. This reflects a biblical principle of diligence and faithfulness in one's duties, regardless of circumstances, as seen in Colossians 3:23, which encourages believers to work heartily as for the Lord.

for all that was done in the prison
The phrase "for all that was done in the prison" emphasizes the extent of Joseph's authority and the trust placed in him. The Hebrew word "asah" is again used here, indicating action and execution. Joseph's management of the prison was total, suggesting that his leadership was effective and just. This foreshadows his future role in Egypt, where he would manage the entire land during a time of crisis. It serves as a reminder of God's preparation and purpose in the lives of His people, even in difficult circumstances.

The warden
The term "warden" refers to the overseer or keeper of the prison. In the historical context of ancient Egypt, prisons were not like modern-day facilities but were often part of a larger household or estate. The warden's role was crucial, as he was responsible for maintaining order and discipline. The fact that the warden trusted Joseph so implicitly speaks volumes about Joseph's character and the divine favor upon him.

did not concern himself
This phrase indicates a complete trust and confidence in Joseph's abilities and integrity. In the Hebrew context, the idea of not concerning oneself suggests a relinquishing of control, which is significant given the warden's position of authority. It underscores the peace and assurance that comes from recognizing God's hand in a situation.

with anything under Joseph’s authority
Joseph's authority in the prison was comprehensive. Despite being a prisoner himself, he was entrusted with significant responsibility. This reflects a recurring theme in Joseph's life: his ability to rise to positions of leadership and trust, even in adverse circumstances. It also foreshadows his future role in Egypt, where he would be second only to Pharaoh.

because the LORD was with him
This phrase is central to understanding Joseph's success. The Hebrew name for God used here is "Yahweh," emphasizing a personal and covenantal relationship. The presence of the LORD with Joseph is a recurring theme in his narrative, highlighting that true success and favor come from God alone. It serves as a reminder that God's presence can transform any situation, no matter how dire.

and gave him success
The Hebrew word for "success" here is "tsalach," which means to prosper or to advance. This success is not merely material or external but is deeply rooted in God's blessing and favor. Joseph's success is a testament to God's faithfulness and the fulfillment of His promises, even when circumstances seem unfavorable.

in whatever he did
This phrase emphasizes the comprehensive nature of Joseph's success. It was not limited to specific tasks or areas but extended to all aspects of his responsibilities. This all-encompassing success is a reflection of the divine favor that rested upon Joseph, serving as an encouragement that when God is with us, His blessing permeates every area of our lives.