Leviticus 11:46
New International Version
“’These are the regulations concerning animals, birds, every living thing that moves about in the water and every creature that moves along the ground.

New Living Translation
“These are the instructions regarding land animals, birds, marine creatures, and animals that scurry along the ground.

English Standard Version
This is the law about beast and bird and every living creature that moves through the waters and every creature that swarms on the ground,

Berean Standard Bible
This is the law regarding animals, birds, all living creatures that move in the water, and all creatures that crawl along the ground.

King James Bible
This is the law of the beasts, and of the fowl, and of every living creature that moveth in the waters, and of every creature that creepeth upon the earth:

New King James Version
‘This is the law of the animals and the birds and every living creature that moves in the waters, and of every creature that creeps on the earth,

New American Standard Bible
This is the law regarding the animal and the bird, and every living thing that moves in the waters and everything that swarms on the earth,

NASB 1995
This is the law regarding the animal and the bird, and every living thing that moves in the waters and everything that swarms on the earth,

NASB 1977
This is the law regarding the animal, and the bird, and every living thing that moves in the waters, and everything that swarms on the earth,

Legacy Standard Bible
This is the law regarding the animal and the bird and every living thing that moves in the waters and everything that swarms on the earth,

Amplified Bible
This is the law regarding the animal and the bird and every living thing that moves in the waters and everything that swarms on the earth,

Christian Standard Bible
“This is the law concerning animals, birds, all living creatures that move in the water, and all creatures that swarm on the ground,

Holman Christian Standard Bible
This is the law concerning animals, birds, all living creatures that move in the water, and all creatures that swarm on the ground,

American Standard Version
This is the law of the beast, and of the bird, and of every living creature that moveth in the waters, and of every creature that creepeth upon the earth;

English Revised Version
This is the law of the beast, and of the fowl, and of every living creature that moveth in the waters, and of every creature that creepeth upon the earth:

GOD'S WORD® Translation
"These are the instructions about animals, birds, and every living creature that swims in the water and every creature that swarms on the ground.

Good News Translation
This, then, is the law about animals and birds, about everything that lives in the water, and everything that moves on the ground.

International Standard Version
This is the law concerning animals, every living creature that moves on the waters or swarms on land.

Majority Standard Bible
This is the law regarding animals, birds, all living creatures that move in the water, and all creatures that crawl along the ground.

NET Bible
This is the law of the land animals, the birds, all the living creatures that move in the water, and all the creatures that swarm on the land,

New Heart English Bible
"'This is the law of the animal, and of the bird, and of every living creature that moves in the waters, and of every creature that crawls on the earth,

Webster's Bible Translation
This is the law of the beasts, and of the fowl, and of every living creature that moveth in the waters, and of every creature that creepeth upon the earth;

World English Bible
“‘This is the law of the animal, and of the bird, and of every living creature that moves in the waters, and of every creature that creeps on the earth,
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
This [is] a law of the beasts, and of the bird, and of every living creature which is moving in the waters, and of every creature which is teeming on the earth,

Young's Literal Translation
This is a law of the beasts, and of the fowl, and of every living creature which is moving in the waters, and of every creature which is teeming on the earth,

Smith's Literal Translation
This the law of cattle, and of bird, and of every living soul creeping in the water, and for every soul creeping upon the earth.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
You shall be holy, because I am holy. This is the law of beasts and fowls, and of every living creature that moveth in the waters, and creepeth on the earth:

Catholic Public Domain Version
This is the law of animals and flying things, and of every living soul that moves in the waters or creeps upon the land,

New American Bible
This is the instruction for land animals, birds, and all the creatures that move about in the water, as well as any animal that swarms on the ground,

New Revised Standard Version
This is the law pertaining to land animal and bird and every living creature that moves through the waters and every creature that swarms upon the earth,
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
This is the law of beast and of fowl and of every living creature that moves in the water and of every creature that creeps upon the earth;

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
This is the Written Law of cattle and of birds and of every living soul that swarms in water and of every soul that creeps in the Earth:
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
This is the law of the beast, and of the fowl, and of every living creature that moveth in the waters, and of every creature that swarmeth upon the earth;

Brenton Septuagint Translation
This is the law concerning beasts and birds and every living creature moving in the water, and every living creature creeping on the earth;

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Clean and Unclean Animals
45For I am the LORD, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt so that I would be your God; therefore be holy, because I am holy. 46This is the law regarding animals, birds, all living creatures that move in the water, and all creatures that crawl along the ground. 47You must distinguish between the unclean and the clean, between animals that may be eaten and those that may not.’ ”…

Cross References
Acts 10:12-15
It contained all kinds of four-footed animals and reptiles of the earth, as well as birds of the air. / Then a voice said to him: “Get up, Peter, kill and eat!” / “No, Lord!” Peter answered. “I have never eaten anything impure or unclean.” ...

Mark 7:18-19
“Are you still so dull?” He asked. “Do you not understand? Nothing that enters a man from the outside can defile him, / because it does not enter his heart, but it goes into the stomach and then is eliminated.” (Thus all foods are clean.)

Romans 14:14
I am convinced and fully persuaded in the Lord Jesus that nothing is unclean in itself. But if anyone regards something as unclean, then for him it is unclean.

1 Timothy 4:4-5
For every creation of God is good, and nothing that is received with thanksgiving should be rejected, / because it is sanctified by the word of God and prayer.

Matthew 15:11
A man is not defiled by what enters his mouth, but by what comes out of it.”

Colossians 2:16-17
Therefore let no one judge you by what you eat or drink, or with regard to a feast, a New Moon, or a Sabbath. / These are a shadow of the things to come, but the body that casts it belongs to Christ.

Genesis 7:2-3
You are to take with you seven pairs of every kind of clean animal, a male and its mate; a pair of every kind of unclean animal, a male and its mate; / and seven pairs of every kind of bird of the air, male and female, to preserve their offspring on the face of all the earth.

Deuteronomy 14:3-21
You must not eat any detestable thing. / These are the animals that you may eat: The ox, the sheep, the goat, / the deer, the gazelle, the roe deer, the wild goat, the ibex, the antelope, and the mountain sheep. ...

Ezekiel 4:14
“Ah, Lord GOD,” I said, “I have never defiled myself. From my youth until now I have not eaten anything found dead or mauled by wild beasts. No unclean meat has ever entered my mouth.”

Isaiah 66:17
“Those who consecrate and purify themselves to enter the groves—to follow one in the center of those who eat the flesh of swine and vermin and rats—will perish together,” declares the LORD.

Acts 15:28-29
It seemed good to the Holy Spirit and to us not to burden you with anything beyond these essential requirements: / You must abstain from food sacrificed to idols, from blood, from the meat of strangled animals, and from sexual immorality. You will do well to avoid these things. Farewell.

1 Corinthians 10:25-27
Eat anything sold in the meat market without raising questions of conscience, / for, “The earth is the Lord’s, and the fullness thereof.” / If an unbeliever invites you to a meal and you want to go, eat anything set before you without raising questions of conscience.

Genesis 9:3-4
Everything that lives and moves will be food for you; just as I gave you the green plants, I now give you all things. / But you must not eat meat with its lifeblood still in it.

Hebrews 9:10
They consist only in food and drink and special washings—external regulations imposed until the time of reform.

Hosea 9:3
They will not remain in the land of the LORD; Ephraim will return to Egypt and eat unclean food in Assyria.


Treasury of Scripture

This is the law of the beasts, and of the fowl, and of every living creature that moves in the waters, and of every creature that creeps on the earth:

Leviticus 7:37
This is the law of the burnt offering, of the meat offering, and of the sin offering, and of the trespass offering, and of the consecrations, and of the sacrifice of the peace offerings;

Leviticus 14:54
This is the law for all manner of plague of leprosy, and scall,

Leviticus 15:32
This is the law of him that hath an issue, and of him whose seed goeth from him, and is defiled therewith;

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Animal Animals Beast Beasts Bird Birds Cattle Crawleth Creature Creepeth Creeps Earth Flat Fowl Goes Ground Law Moves Moveth Moving Pertaining Regarding Regulations Soul Swarmeth Swarms Teeming Water Waters
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Animal Animals Beast Beasts Bird Birds Cattle Crawleth Creature Creepeth Creeps Earth Flat Fowl Goes Ground Law Moves Moveth Moving Pertaining Regarding Regulations Soul Swarmeth Swarms Teeming Water Waters
Leviticus 11
1. What animals may be eaten
4. and what may not be eaten
9. What fishes
13. What fowls
29. The creeping things which are unclean














This is the law regarding animals
The laws concerning animals in Leviticus 11 are part of the Holiness Code, which outlines how the Israelites were to live as a people set apart for God. These dietary laws distinguished clean from unclean animals, serving as a daily reminder of their covenant relationship with God. The distinction between clean and unclean animals is also seen in Genesis 7, where Noah is instructed to take clean animals by sevens and unclean by twos into the ark. This separation underscores the theme of holiness and purity that runs throughout the Old Testament.

birds
Birds are included in the dietary laws, with specific species listed as unclean. The prohibition against eating certain birds may have been due to their scavenging nature, which could symbolize impurity. Birds like eagles, vultures, and ravens are mentioned as unclean, possibly because they feed on carrion. In the New Testament, Jesus uses birds as examples of God's provision (Matthew 6:26), showing a shift from dietary restrictions to spiritual lessons.

all living creatures that move in the water
The laws extend to aquatic life, with only those having fins and scales deemed clean. This would exclude shellfish and other sea creatures, which were common in the diets of surrounding nations. The restriction may have served to protect the Israelites from health risks associated with consuming certain types of seafood. The emphasis on fins and scales can be seen as a metaphor for discernment and separation, qualities that are spiritually significant in the life of a believer.

and all creatures that crawl along the ground
This includes insects and other small creatures, many of which are declared unclean. The prohibition against eating creatures that crawl on the ground may symbolize the need to avoid things that are lowly or base. In a broader sense, it reflects the call to rise above earthly desires and live a life of holiness. The New Testament reiterates the importance of spiritual cleanliness, as seen in Peter's vision in Acts 10, where God declares all foods clean, symbolizing the inclusion of Gentiles into the faith.

These dietary laws, while specific to the Israelites, point to a greater spiritual truth about living a life set apart for God. They foreshadow the ultimate purity and holiness found in Jesus Christ, who fulfills the law and offers a new covenant based on grace and faith.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Moses
The prophet and leader of the Israelites who received the laws from God, including dietary laws.

2. Israelites
The chosen people of God to whom these laws were given as part of their covenant relationship with Him.

3. Mount Sinai
The place where Moses received the laws from God, including the dietary laws outlined in Leviticus.

4. Clean and Unclean Animals
Categories of animals defined by God to guide the Israelites in their dietary practices.

5. The Wilderness
The setting where the Israelites received these laws during their journey from Egypt to the Promised Land.
Teaching Points
Understanding God's Holiness
The dietary laws were given to set the Israelites apart as a holy nation. They remind us of God's holiness and our call to live distinct lives.

Obedience and Trust
Following God's commands, even when they seem difficult or unclear, is an act of trust and obedience. This principle applies to all areas of our lives.

Symbolism of Purity
The distinction between clean and unclean animals symbolizes the importance of spiritual purity and separation from sin.

Christ's Fulfillment of the Law
Jesus fulfilled the law, including dietary restrictions, allowing us to focus on the heart's condition rather than external observance.

Community and Consideration
While we have freedom in Christ, we should be considerate of others' convictions and seek unity within the body of Christ.(46) This is the law of the beasts.--This is a recapitulation of the different classes of animals proscribed in the dietary laws. It will, however, be seen that in this summary they are not enumerated in the same order in which they are discussed in the chapter before us. In the dietary law the order of the four classes is as follows :--(1) the land animals, (2) the water animals, (3) the birds of the air, and (4) the swarming animals; whilst the order of the summary is:--(1) the land animals, (2) the birds of the air, (3) the water animals, and (4) the swarming animals. Exactly the same is the case in the summary of the sacrificial law. (See Leviticus 7:37-38.)



Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
This
זֹ֣את (zōṯ)
Pronoun - feminine singular
Strong's 2063: Hereby in it, likewise, the one other, same, she, so much, such deed, that,

is the law
תּוֹרַ֤ת (tō·w·raṯ)
Noun - feminine singular construct
Strong's 8451: Direction, instruction, law

regarding animals,
הַבְּהֵמָה֙ (hab·bə·hê·māh)
Article | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 929: A dumb beast, any large quadruped, animal

birds,
וְהָע֔וֹף (wə·hā·‘ō·wp̄)
Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 5775: Flying creatures

all
וְכֹל֙ (wə·ḵōl)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every

living
הַֽחַיָּ֔ה (ha·ḥay·yāh)
Article | Adjective - feminine singular
Strong's 2416: Alive, raw, fresh, strong, life

creatures
נֶ֣פֶשׁ (ne·p̄eš)
Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 5315: A soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, passion, appetite, emotion

that move
הָרֹמֶ֖שֶׂת (hā·rō·me·śeṯ)
Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - feminine singular
Strong's 7430: To glide swiftly, to crawl, move with short steps, to swarm

in the water,
בַּמָּ֑יִם (bam·mā·yim)
Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 4325: Water, juice, urine, semen

and all
וּלְכָל־ (ū·lə·ḵāl-)
Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every

creatures
נֶ֖פֶשׁ (ne·p̄eš)
Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 5315: A soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, passion, appetite, emotion

that crawl
הַשֹּׁרֶ֥צֶת (haš·šō·re·ṣeṯ)
Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - feminine singular
Strong's 8317: To wriggle, swarm, abound

along
עַל־ (‘al-)
Preposition
Strong's 5921: Above, over, upon, against

the ground.
הָאָֽרֶץ׃ (hā·’ā·reṣ)
Article | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 776: Earth, land


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OT Law: Leviticus 11:46 This is the law of the animal (Le Lv Lev.)
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