Exodus 23:28
New International Version
I will send the hornet ahead of you to drive the Hivites, Canaanites and Hittites out of your way.

New Living Translation
I will send terror ahead of you to drive out the Hivites, Canaanites, and Hittites.

English Standard Version
And I will send hornets before you, which shall drive out the Hivites, the Canaanites, and the Hittites from before you.

Berean Standard Bible
I will send the hornet before you to drive the Hivites and Canaanites and Hittites out of your way.

King James Bible
And I will send hornets before thee, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee.

New King James Version
And I will send hornets before you, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite from before you.

New American Standard Bible
And I will send hornets ahead of you so that they will drive out the Hivites, the Canaanites, and the Hittites from you.

NASB 1995
“I will send hornets ahead of you so that they will drive out the Hivites, the Canaanites, and the Hittites before you.

NASB 1977
“And I will send hornets ahead of you, that they may drive out the Hivites, the Canaanites, and the Hittites before you.

Legacy Standard Bible
And I will send hornets ahead of you so that they will drive out the Hivites, the Canaanites, and the Hittites before you.

Amplified Bible
I will send hornets ahead of you which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite before you.

Christian Standard Bible
I will send hornets in front of you, and they will drive the Hivites, Canaanites, and Hethites away from you.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
I will send the hornet in front of you, and it will drive the Hivites, Canaanites, and Hittites away from you.

American Standard Version
And I will send the hornet before thee, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee.

Contemporary English Version
I will make the Hivites, Canaanites, and Hittites panic as you approach.

English Revised Version
And I will send the hornet before thee, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
I will spread panic ahead of you to force the Hivites, Canaanites, and Hittites out of your way.

Good News Translation
I will throw your enemies into panic; I will drive out the Hivites, the Canaanites, and the Hittites as you advance.

International Standard Version
I'll send hornets ahead of you and they'll drive out the Hivites, the Canaanites, and the Hittites before you.

Majority Standard Bible
I will send the hornet before you to drive the Hivites and Canaanites and Hittites out of your way.

NET Bible
I will send hornets before you that will drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite before you.

New Heart English Bible
I will send the hornet before you, which will drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hethite, from before you.

Webster's Bible Translation
And I will send hornets before thee, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite from before thee.

World English Bible
I will send the hornet before you, which will drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before you.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
And I have sent the hornet before you, and it has cast out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite from before you;

Young's Literal Translation
'And I have sent the hornet before thee, and it hath cast out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee;

Smith's Literal Translation
And I sent hornets before thee and to drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite from before thee.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
Sending out hornets before, that shall drive away the Hevite, and the Chanaanite, and the Hethite, before thou come in.

Catholic Public Domain Version
sending wasps ahead, so that they will put to flight the Hivite, and the Canaanite, and the Hittite, before you enter.

New American Bible
and ahead of you I will send hornets to drive the Hivites, Canaanites and Hittites out of your way.

New Revised Standard Version
And I will send the pestilence in front of you, which shall drive out the Hivites, the Canaanites, and the Hittites from before you.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
And I will send fierce armies before you, and will destroy the Canaanites and the Hittites from before you.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And I shall send bees before you and I shall destroy the Canaanites and the Khethites from before you.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
And I will send the hornet before thee, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And I will send hornets before thee, and thou shalt cast out the Amorites and the Evites, and the Chananites and the Chettites from thee.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
God's Angel to Lead
27I will send My terror ahead of you and throw into confusion every nation you encounter. I will make all your enemies turn and run. 28I will send the hornet before you to drive the Hivites and Canaanites and Hittites out of your way. 29I will not drive them out before you in a single year; otherwise the land would become desolate and wild animals would multiply against you.…

Cross References
Deuteronomy 7:20
Moreover, the LORD your God will send the hornet against them until even the survivors hiding from you have perished.

Joshua 24:12
I sent the hornet ahead of you, and it drove out the two Amorite kings before you, but not by your own sword or bow.

Deuteronomy 2:25
This very day I will begin to put the dread and fear of you upon all the nations under heaven. They will hear the reports of you and tremble in anguish because of you.”

Deuteronomy 11:23
then the LORD will drive out all these nations before you, and you will dispossess nations greater and stronger than you.

Deuteronomy 11:25
No man will be able to stand against you; the LORD your God will put the fear and dread of you upon all the land, wherever you set foot, as He has promised you.

Joshua 2:9-11
and said to them, “I know that the LORD has given you this land and that the fear of you has fallen on us, so that all who dwell in the land are melting in fear of you. / For we have heard how the LORD dried up the waters of the Red Sea before you when you came out of Egypt, and what you did to Sihon and Og, the two kings of the Amorites across the Jordan, whom you devoted to destruction. / When we heard this, our hearts melted and everyone’s courage failed because of you, for the LORD your God is God in the heavens above and on the earth below.

Joshua 2:24
“The LORD has surely delivered the entire land into our hands,” they said to Joshua. “Indeed, all who dwell in the land are melting in fear of us.”

Joshua 3:10
He continued, “This is how you will know that the living God is among you and that He will surely drive out before you the Canaanites, Hittites, Hivites, Perizzites, Girgashites, Amorites, and Jebusites.

Joshua 5:1
Now when all the Amorite kings west of the Jordan and all the Canaanite kings along the coast heard how the LORD had dried up the waters of the Jordan before the Israelites until they had crossed over, their hearts melted and their spirits failed for fear of the Israelites.

Joshua 6:20-21
So when the rams’ horns sounded, the people shouted. When they heard the blast of the horn, the people gave a great shout, and the wall collapsed. Then all the people charged straight into the city and captured it. / With the edge of the sword they devoted to destruction everything in the city—man and woman, young and old, oxen, sheep, and donkeys.

Judges 2:21-23
I will no longer drive out before them any of the nations Joshua left when he died. / In this way I will test whether Israel will keep the way of the LORD by walking in it as their fathers did.” / That is why the LORD had left those nations in place and had not driven them out immediately by delivering them into the hand of Joshua.

Psalm 44:2-3
With Your hand You drove out the nations and planted our fathers there; You crushed the peoples and cast them out. / For it was not by their sword that they took the land; their arm did not bring them victory. It was by Your right hand, Your arm, and the light of Your face, because You favored them.

Isaiah 7:18
On that day the LORD will whistle to the flies at the farthest streams of the Nile and to the bees in the land of Assyria.

Isaiah 24:17-18
Terror and pit and snare await you, O dweller of the earth. / Whoever flees the sound of panic will fall into the pit, and whoever climbs from the pit will be caught in the snare. For the windows of heaven are open, and the foundations of the earth are shaken.

Jeremiah 8:17
“For behold, I will send snakes among you, vipers that cannot be charmed, and they will bite you,” declares the LORD.


Treasury of Scripture

And I will send hornets before you, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before you.

hornets.

Deuteronomy 7:20
Moreover the LORD thy God will send the hornet among them, until they that are left, and hide themselves from thee, be destroyed.

Joshua 24:11
And ye went over Jordan, and came unto Jericho: and the men of Jericho fought against you, the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Girgashites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites; and I delivered them into your hand.

Jump to Previous
Ahead Canaanite Canaanites Cast Drive Driving Face Hittite Hittites Hivite Hivites Hornet Hornets Way
Jump to Next
Ahead Canaanite Canaanites Cast Drive Driving Face Hittite Hittites Hivite Hivites Hornet Hornets Way
Exodus 23
1. Of slander, false witness, and partiality
4. Of charitableness
6. Of justice in judgment
8. Of taking bribes
9. Of oppressing a stranger
10. Of the year of rest
12. Of the Sabbath
13. Of idolatry
14. Of the three feasts
18. Of the blood and the fat of the sacrifice
20. An angel is promised, with a blessing, if they obey him














I will send the hornet before you
The phrase "I will send the hornet before you" is a powerful declaration of divine intervention and protection. The Hebrew word for "hornet" is "tsir'ah," which can refer to a literal stinging insect or symbolize fear and panic. Historically, hornets are known for their aggressive nature and painful stings, which can cause chaos and drive people away. In the context of Exodus, this phrase signifies God's promise to instill fear and confusion among the enemies of Israel, ensuring their retreat and Israel's victory. This divine assurance underscores God's sovereignty and His active role in fulfilling His promises to His people.

to drive the Hivites, Canaanites, and Hittites out of your way
The phrase "to drive the Hivites, Canaanites, and Hittites out of your way" refers to specific groups inhabiting the Promised Land. The Hivites, Canaanites, and Hittites were among the many tribes living in Canaan, each with its own culture and practices, often contrary to the ways of God. The Hebrew word for "drive" is "garash," which implies a forceful expulsion. This action is not merely a physical displacement but a spiritual cleansing of the land from idolatry and immorality. God's promise to drive these nations out highlights His commitment to establishing a holy nation set apart for His purposes. It also serves as a reminder of the spiritual battles believers face, where God promises to go before them, ensuring victory over sin and opposition.

(28) I will send hornets.--Heb., the hornet. Comp. Joshua 24:12, where "the hornet" is said to have been sent. No doubt hornets might be so numerous as to become an intolerable plague, and induce a nation to quit its country and seek another (see Bochart, Hierozoic. iv. 13). But as we have no historical account of the kind in connection with the Canaanite races, the expression here used is scarcely to be taken literally. Probably the Egyptians are the hornets intended. It was they who, under Rameses III., broke the power of the Hittites and other nations of Palestine, while the Israelites were sojourners in the wilderness. Possibly the term was chosen in reference to the hieroglyphic sign for "king" in Egypt, which was the figure of a bee or wasp. The author of the Book of Wisdom seems, however, to have understood the expression literally (Wisdom Of Solomon 12:8-9).

Verse 28. - And I will send hornets before thee. This is scarcely to be taken literally, since no actual plague of hornets is mentioned in the historical narrative. "Hornets" here, and in Deuteronomy 7:20; Joshua 24:12, are probably plagues or troubles of any kind, divinely sent to break the power of the heathen nations, and render them an easier prey to the Israelites, when they made their invasion. Possibly, the main "hornets" were the Egyptians, who, under Rameses III., successfully invaded Palestine about the time of Israel's sojourn in the wilderness, and weakened the power of the Hittites (Khita). The Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite. By a common figure of speech, a part is put {or the whole - three nations for seven. The three names seem to be taken at random, but include the two nations of most power - the Canaanites and the Hittites.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
I will send
וְשָׁלַחְתִּ֥י (wə·šā·laḥ·tî)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - first person common singular
Strong's 7971: To send away, for, out

the hornet
הַצִּרְעָ֖ה (haṣ·ṣir·‘āh)
Article | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 6880: Hornets

before you
לְפָנֶ֑יךָ (lə·p̄ā·ne·ḵā)
Preposition-l | Noun - common plural construct | second person masculine singular
Strong's 6440: The face

to drive
וְגֵרְשָׁ֗ה (wə·ḡê·rə·šāh)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Conjunctive perfect - third person feminine singular
Strong's 1644: To drive out from a, possession, to expatriate, divorce

the Hivites
הַחִוִּ֧י (ha·ḥiw·wî)
Article | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 2340: Hivite -- a Chivvite

and Canaanites
הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֛י (hak·kə·na·‘ă·nî)
Article | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3669: Canaanite -- inhabitant of Canaan

and Hittites
הַחִתִּ֖י (ha·ḥit·tî)
Article | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 2850: Hittite -- a Chittite

out of your way.
מִלְּפָנֶֽיךָ׃ (mil·lə·p̄ā·ne·ḵā)
Preposition-m, Preposition-l | Noun - common plural construct | second person masculine singular
Strong's 6440: The face


Links
Exodus 23:28 NIV
Exodus 23:28 NLT
Exodus 23:28 ESV
Exodus 23:28 NASB
Exodus 23:28 KJV

Exodus 23:28 BibleApps.com
Exodus 23:28 Biblia Paralela
Exodus 23:28 Chinese Bible
Exodus 23:28 French Bible
Exodus 23:28 Catholic Bible

OT Law: Exodus 23:28 I will send the hornet before you (Exo. Ex)
Exodus 23:27
Top of Page
Top of Page