Topical Bible: The Ox used for Earing the Ground

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Topical Encyclopedia

The ox, a domesticated bovine animal, holds significant importance in biblical times, particularly in agricultural contexts. In the agrarian society of ancient Israel, the ox was indispensable for plowing fields, a process often referred to as "earing the ground." This term, derived from the Old English word "erian," means to plow or till the soil in preparation for planting crops.

Biblical References and Symbolism

The use of oxen for plowing is mentioned in several passages throughout the Bible, highlighting their role in sustaining the agricultural economy. In Deuteronomy 25:4, the law states, "Do not muzzle an ox while it is treading out the grain." This command underscores the principle of fair treatment and provision for working animals, recognizing their labor in the production of food.

In 1 Kings 19:19, the prophet Elijah finds Elisha "plowing with twelve pairs of oxen before him, and he was with the twelfth pair." This scene illustrates the use of oxen in tandem, demonstrating their strength and efficiency in turning the soil. The number of oxen also indicates the wealth and status of Elisha's family, as owning multiple pairs of oxen was a sign of prosperity.

The ox is also a symbol of strength and service. In Proverbs 14:4, it is written, "Where there are no oxen, the manger is empty, but an abundant harvest comes through the strength of the ox." This proverb highlights the essential role of oxen in achieving a fruitful harvest, emphasizing the value of their labor.

Cultural and Religious Significance

In the cultural context of the Bible, the ox was not only a beast of burden but also held religious significance. Oxen were often used in sacrificial offerings, as seen in Numbers 7:3, where the leaders of Israel brought offerings of oxen to the tabernacle. This practice underscores the ox's value and its role in worship and atonement rituals.

The imagery of the ox is also present in prophetic literature. In Isaiah 1:3, the prophet laments, "The ox knows its owner, and the donkey its master's manger, but Israel does not know; My people do not understand." Here, the ox is used metaphorically to contrast the faithfulness and recognition of animals with the spiritual ignorance of the people of Israel.

Practical Considerations

The use of oxen for plowing required skill and knowledge. Farmers needed to understand how to yoke the animals properly, ensuring that the burden was evenly distributed and that the animals could work effectively together. The yoke, a wooden beam placed across the necks of the oxen, was a critical tool in this process, allowing the farmer to guide the animals and maintain straight furrows.

The biblical injunction against muzzling the ox while it treads out the grain reflects a broader principle of justice and mercy. It serves as a reminder of the ethical treatment of animals and the recognition of their contribution to human sustenance.

In summary, the ox used for earing the ground is a multifaceted symbol in the Bible, representing strength, service, and the interdependence of creation. Its presence in scripture provides insight into the agricultural practices of ancient Israel and the spiritual lessons derived from the natural world.

Torrey's Topical Textbook

Isaiah 30:24
The oxen likewise and the young asses that ear the ground shall eat clean provender, which has been winnowed with the shovel and with the fan.
Torrey's Topical Textbook