Topical Bible: The Ox: Laws Respecting: Mode of Reparation for One, Killing Another

◄ The Ox: Laws Respecting: Mode of Reparation for One, Killing Another ►

Topical Encyclopedia

In the ancient agrarian society of Israel, the ox was a valuable asset, essential for plowing fields and performing various agricultural tasks. The Mosaic Law, as recorded in the Torah, provided specific regulations concerning the management and restitution of oxen, particularly in cases where an ox caused harm or death to another.

Biblical Legislation:

The primary biblical text addressing the issue of an ox killing another is found in the Book of Exodus. The law is detailed in Exodus 21:35-36 :

"If one man’s ox injures another’s ox and it dies, they must sell the live one and divide the proceeds; they also must divide the dead animal. But if it was known that the ox was in the habit of goring, yet its owner did not restrain it, he must pay full compensation—ox for ox—and the dead animal will be his."

Interpretation and Application:

1. Unintentional Harm:
· In the event that an ox inadvertently kills another ox, the law mandates a fair and equitable resolution. The live ox is to be sold, and the proceeds are to be divided equally between the two owners. Additionally, the carcass of the dead ox is to be shared. This provision ensures that neither party suffers undue financial loss from an unforeseen accident.

2. Negligence and Known Danger:
· The law distinguishes between an accidental occurrence and a situation where the owner was aware of the ox's dangerous tendencies. If it was known that the ox had a propensity to gore and the owner failed to take preventive measures, the owner bears full responsibility. In such cases, the negligent owner must provide full restitution by replacing the dead ox with a live one. The negligent owner retains the carcass, which may still hold some value.

Theological and Ethical Considerations:

The laws concerning oxen reflect broader principles of justice, responsibility, and community welfare. They underscore the importance of personal accountability and the need to mitigate potential harm within the community. The distinction between accidental harm and negligence highlights the moral obligation to prevent foreseeable danger and protect the property and livelihood of others.

These regulations also illustrate the balance between justice and mercy inherent in the Mosaic Law. While the law demands restitution, it also provides a means for reconciliation and restoration of relationships between community members. The shared loss in cases of accidental harm fosters a sense of mutual responsibility and cooperation.

In summary, the biblical laws regarding oxen serve as a practical guide for resolving disputes and maintaining harmony within the community, reflecting the divine principles of justice and stewardship entrusted to God's people.

Torrey's Topical Textbook

Exodus 21:35,36
And if one man's ox hurt another's, that he die; then they shall sell the live ox, and divide the money of it; and the dead ox also they shall divide.
Torrey's Topical Textbook