Transgression speaks
The Hebrew word for "transgression" is "pesha," which implies a willful rebellion against divine authority. In the context of Psalm 36:1, this suggests an active, conscious decision to defy God's laws. The phrase "speaks" indicates that sin is not silent; it communicates and influences the heart and mind, often leading individuals away from righteousness. Historically, this reflects the persistent struggle of Israel with idolatry and disobedience, as seen throughout the Old Testament.

to the wicked
The term "wicked" in Hebrew is "rasha," referring to those who are morally wrong or guilty. This is not merely about actions but a state of being that is contrary to God's nature. In a conservative Christian perspective, this highlights the inherent sinfulness of humanity without the redemptive work of Christ. The wicked are those who have not turned to God for forgiveness and transformation.

deep in his heart
The "heart" in Hebrew thought is the center of one's being, encompassing mind, will, and emotions. The phrase "deep in his heart" suggests that transgression is not superficial but deeply rooted within the individual. This aligns with the biblical understanding that sin originates from within, as Jesus taught in the Gospels (e.g., Mark 7:21-23). It underscores the need for a heart transformation through the Holy Spirit.

there is no fear of God
The "fear of God" is a foundational concept in Scripture, often associated with reverence, awe, and obedience to the Lord. The absence of this fear indicates a lack of respect and acknowledgment of God's authority and holiness. Historically, this was a recurring issue for Israel, leading to judgment and exile. In a conservative Christian view, the fear of God is essential for wisdom and righteous living, as emphasized in Proverbs 9:10.

before his eyes
This phrase suggests a deliberate choice to ignore or reject God's presence and authority. "Before his eyes" implies that the wicked are aware of God but choose to live as if He does not exist or matter. This reflects the biblical theme of spiritual blindness and the need for divine illumination. In the New Testament, Jesus is described as the light of the world, bringing sight to the spiritually blind (John 8:12).

For in his own eyes
This phrase suggests a self-centered perspective, where the individual is the sole judge of their actions and character. The Hebrew root for "eyes" is "ayin," which often symbolizes perception or understanding. In the biblical context, this phrase warns against the dangers of self-deception and pride. Proverbs 21:2 states, "Every way of a man is right in his own eyes, but the LORD weighs the heart." This highlights the contrast between human judgment and divine insight, urging believers to seek God's perspective rather than relying solely on their own.

he flatters himself
The Hebrew word for "flatters" is "chalaq," which can mean to divide or to smooth. In this context, it implies a deceptive smoothing over of one's faults. Flattery, especially self-flattery, is dangerous because it blinds individuals to their true spiritual state. Historically, this reflects the human tendency to justify sin and ignore the need for repentance. The Bible consistently warns against self-deception, as seen in James 1:22, "Do not merely listen to the word, and so deceive yourselves. Do what it says."

in his own eyes
The repetition of this phrase emphasizes the self-referential nature of the individual's judgment. It underscores the isolation from external, objective truth, particularly God's truth. This self-reliance is a common theme in Scripture, where reliance on one's own understanding is contrasted with trusting in the Lord, as in Proverbs 3:5-6. The historical context of Israel often involved turning away from God to follow their own ways, leading to spiritual and national decline.

to his own detriment
This phrase indicates the harmful consequences of self-flattery and self-deception. The Hebrew root "matsa" can mean to find or to reach, suggesting that the individual will ultimately encounter negative outcomes due to their actions. Biblically, this serves as a warning that sin and pride lead to destruction, as seen in Proverbs 16:18, "Pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall." The historical context of Israel's repeated cycles of sin and repentance illustrates the truth of this principle.

he cannot detect
The inability to detect one's own sin is a profound spiritual blindness. The Hebrew word "matsa" here implies a failure to find or perceive. This blindness is a result of pride and self-deception, which prevent individuals from recognizing their need for God's grace and forgiveness. Scripturally, this is a call to self-examination and humility, as seen in 2 Corinthians 13:5, "Examine yourselves to see whether you are in the faith; test yourselves."

and hate his sin
The ultimate tragedy of self-deception is the failure to hate one's sin. The Hebrew word for "hate" is "sane," which conveys a strong aversion or detest. In the biblical context, hating sin is essential for repentance and spiritual growth. Psalm 97:10 states, "Let those who love the LORD hate evil." This phrase calls believers to align their hearts with God's, who is holy and righteous, and to cultivate a deep aversion to sin in their lives.

The words of his mouth
This phrase emphasizes the power and influence of speech. In the Hebrew context, "words" (דִּבְרֵי) often carry the weight of one's character and intentions. The mouth, as a source of speech, reflects the heart's condition (Matthew 12:34). In ancient Israel, words were not merely sounds but were seen as having the power to create or destroy, bless or curse. This highlights the responsibility of using speech to edify rather than to harm.

are wicked and deceitful
"Wicked" (אָוֶן) and "deceitful" (מִרְמָה) describe a moral corruption that is both active and intentional. Wickedness in the Hebrew tradition is not just about actions but a state of being that opposes God's righteousness. Deceitfulness implies a deliberate attempt to mislead or betray trust. Historically, deceit was a common tool among those who sought power or personal gain, often leading to societal decay. This phrase warns against the destructive nature of such speech, which can lead individuals and communities away from truth and righteousness.

he has ceased
The cessation here (חָדַל) indicates a deliberate stopping or abandoning of a previous state or action. In the biblical narrative, this often implies a turning away from a path of righteousness or wisdom. It suggests a conscious decision to reject what is good and true, highlighting the danger of complacency or rebellion against divine guidance.

to be wise
Wisdom (חָכְמָה) in the Hebrew context is more than knowledge; it is the application of understanding in alignment with God's will. The cessation of wisdom indicates a departure from living in accordance with divine principles. Wisdom is highly valued in Scripture, often associated with fear of the Lord (Proverbs 9:10). The absence of wisdom leads to folly and moral decay, as seen throughout biblical history.

and well-doing
"Well-doing" (טוֹב) refers to actions that are good, beneficial, and aligned with God's commandments. In the Hebrew tradition, doing good is an expression of one's faith and obedience to God. The abandonment of well-doing signifies a life that no longer seeks to honor God through righteous actions. This phrase serves as a call to return to a life of integrity and service, reflecting God's goodness in the world.

He plots evil on his bed
The phrase "He plots evil" suggests a premeditated and deliberate intention to do wrong. The Hebrew word for "plots" is "חָשַׁב" (chashav), which means to think, plan, or devise. This indicates a deep-seated inclination towards wickedness, not just impulsive acts. The imagery of "on his bed" implies that even in moments of rest, when one might reflect on the day or seek peace, this individual is consumed with scheming. Historically, the bed is a place of vulnerability and introspection, yet here it becomes a workshop for iniquity. This highlights the pervasive nature of sin in the human heart, a theme echoed throughout Scripture, emphasizing the need for divine intervention and transformation.

he sets himself on a path that is not good
The phrase "he sets himself" indicates a conscious choice and determination. The Hebrew root "עָמַד" (amad) conveys the idea of standing firm or establishing oneself. This suggests a resolute commitment to a course of action. "A path that is not good" reflects a moral and spiritual deviation from God's righteous ways. The "path" (דֶּרֶךְ, derek) in biblical terms often symbolizes one's life journey or conduct. Historically, paths were well-trodden routes, and choosing a path "that is not good" implies a willful departure from the well-established ways of righteousness. This serves as a warning against the allure of sin and the importance of aligning one's life with God's will.

he does not reject evil
The phrase "he does not reject" underscores a passive acceptance or even an embrace of wickedness. The Hebrew word "מָאַס" (ma'as) means to reject, despise, or refuse. This indicates a lack of moral discernment or a hardened heart. "Evil" (רַע, ra) in this context encompasses all forms of moral corruption and opposition to God's holiness. The refusal to reject evil suggests a seared conscience, one that is no longer sensitive to the promptings of the Holy Spirit. This highlights the danger of becoming desensitized to sin, a theme prevalent in both the Old and New Testaments. It serves as a call to vigilance and the necessity of cultivating a heart that is responsive to God's truth and righteousness.

Your loving devotion
The phrase "your loving devotion" in Psalm 36:5 is translated from the Hebrew word "חֶסֶד" (chesed). This term is rich in meaning, often translated as "steadfast love," "mercy," or "kindness." It conveys a sense of loyalty and faithfulness, reflecting God's unwavering commitment to His covenant with His people. In the historical context of ancient Israel, chesed was a foundational concept, representing the relational bond between God and His chosen people. It is a love that is not based on merit but on God's character, offering believers assurance of His eternal faithfulness.

O LORD
The name "O LORD" is derived from the Hebrew "יהוה" (YHWH), often vocalized as "Yahweh." This is the personal name of God revealed to Moses in Exodus 3:14, signifying His eternal existence and unchanging nature. In the context of Psalm 36, invoking the name of Yahweh emphasizes the personal relationship between the psalmist and God. It is a reminder of God's sovereignty and His role as the covenant-keeping God who is intimately involved in the lives of His people.

reaches to the heavens
The phrase "reaches to the heavens" uses the Hebrew word "שָׁמַיִם" (shamayim), meaning "heavens" or "sky." This expression is a poetic way of describing the vastness and immeasurable nature of God's loving devotion. In the ancient Near Eastern context, the heavens were seen as the highest and most expansive realm, symbolizing the infinite and boundless nature of God's love. It reassures believers that God's mercy and faithfulness extend beyond human comprehension, enveloping all of creation.

Your faithfulness
"Your faithfulness" is translated from the Hebrew word "אֱמוּנָה" (emunah), which conveys the idea of steadfastness, reliability, and trustworthiness. In the biblical context, emunah is not just a passive attribute but an active demonstration of God's consistent and dependable nature. Throughout Scripture, God's faithfulness is a recurring theme, providing a foundation for trust and hope. It assures believers that God will fulfill His promises and remain true to His word, regardless of circumstances.

reaches to the clouds
The phrase "reaches to the clouds" uses the Hebrew word "שְׁחָקִים" (shechakim), meaning "clouds" or "sky." Similar to "reaches to the heavens," this expression emphasizes the vastness and transcendence of God's faithfulness. In the ancient world, clouds were often associated with divine presence and majesty, as seen in the theophanies of the Old Testament. This imagery serves to inspire awe and reverence, reminding believers of the grandeur and omnipresence of God's faithful love, which covers the earth like the clouds in the sky.

Your righteousness
The Hebrew word for "righteousness" is "צדק" (tsedeq), which conveys the idea of justice, rightness, and moral integrity. In the context of Psalm 36:6, it emphasizes God's perfect and unchanging nature. His righteousness is not just a standard but the ultimate standard by which all things are measured. This righteousness is a source of comfort and assurance for believers, as it assures them that God is just and fair in all His dealings. Historically, the concept of divine righteousness was central to the Hebrew understanding of God's character, setting Him apart from the capricious deities of surrounding cultures.

is like the highest mountains
The imagery of "the highest mountains" (Hebrew: "כְּהַרְרֵי־אֵל" - keharrei-el) evokes a sense of majesty, permanence, and unshakeable strength. Mountains in biblical times were often seen as symbols of stability and endurance. By comparing God's righteousness to the highest mountains, the psalmist underscores its immovable and eternal nature. This metaphor would have resonated deeply with ancient audiences who viewed mountains as the most formidable and enduring features of the natural world, much like God's righteousness is unchanging and eternal.

Your judgments
The term "judgments" (Hebrew: "מִשְׁפָּטֶיךָ" - mishpatecha) refers to God's decisions, decrees, and the execution of His justice. It highlights God's role as the ultimate judge who governs the world with fairness and equity. In the biblical context, God's judgments are not arbitrary but are rooted in His righteous character. They serve as a guide for human conduct and a standard for justice. The historical context of Israel, with its legal system based on divine law, would have reinforced the understanding of God's judgments as both authoritative and benevolent.

like the great deep
The "great deep" (Hebrew: "תְּהוֹם רַבָּה" - tehom rabbah) refers to the vast and mysterious depths of the ocean. This phrase conveys the idea of unfathomable wisdom and inscrutability. Just as the depths of the sea are beyond human comprehension, so are the judgments of God. They are profound, encompassing, and beyond full human understanding. In ancient Near Eastern thought, the sea often symbolized chaos and mystery, yet here it is used to illustrate the depth and richness of God's wisdom and justice, which are beyond human grasp but perfectly ordered and purposeful.

O LORD
The use of "O LORD" (Hebrew: "יְהוָה" - Yahweh) is significant as it invokes the personal name of God, emphasizing His covenant relationship with His people. This name is a reminder of God's eternal presence, faithfulness, and unchanging nature. It is a name that conveys intimacy and assurance, reminding believers of God's promises and His active role in their lives. The invocation of Yahweh in this verse serves to personalize the attributes of righteousness and justice, making them not just abstract qualities but characteristics of a God who is personally involved with His creation.

You preserve man and beast
The phrase "You preserve man and beast" (Hebrew: "תּוֹשִׁיעַ אָדָם וּבְהֵמָה" - toshia adam uvehema) highlights God's providential care over all creation. The word "preserve" suggests protection, sustenance, and ongoing care. This reflects the biblical theme of God's sovereignty and His role as the sustainer of life. By including both "man and beast," the psalmist emphasizes the comprehensive nature of God's care, extending His grace and provision to all living creatures. This reflects the Genesis account of creation, where God is depicted as the creator and sustainer of all life, underscoring His benevolent and nurturing character.

How precious
The Hebrew word for "precious" is "yāqār," which conveys the idea of something being rare, valuable, and highly esteemed. In the context of Psalm 36:7, this word emphasizes the immense worth and beauty of God's love. It is not something to be taken for granted but cherished and revered. Historically, precious items were often associated with wealth and status, yet here, the psalmist elevates God's love above all earthly treasures, inviting believers to recognize its supreme value in their lives.

is Your loving devotion
The phrase "loving devotion" is translated from the Hebrew word "ḥeseḏ," which is rich in meaning, encompassing love, kindness, mercy, and faithfulness. This covenantal term is central to understanding God's relationship with His people. It signifies a steadfast, loyal love that is unwavering and enduring. In the scriptural context, "ḥeseḏ" is often associated with God's promises and His unchanging nature, providing believers with assurance and comfort in His eternal commitment to them.

O God!
The use of "O God" here is a direct address to the Almighty, emphasizing a personal and intimate relationship between the psalmist and the Creator. The Hebrew word for God is "Elohim," a plural form that denotes majesty and power. This title reflects God's sovereignty and His role as the supreme ruler of the universe. In the historical context of Israel, calling upon God in this manner was an acknowledgment of His authority and a declaration of trust in His divine intervention and care.

The children of men
This phrase refers to humanity at large, highlighting the universal scope of God's love and protection. The Hebrew term "benê ʾādām" literally means "sons of Adam," linking all people back to the creation narrative and the shared human experience. It underscores the idea that God's loving devotion is not limited to a select group but is available to all who seek refuge in Him. This inclusivity is a testament to God's grace and the overarching narrative of redemption found throughout Scripture.

take refuge
The concept of taking refuge is deeply rooted in the Hebrew word "ḥāsāh," which means to seek shelter or protection. In ancient times, cities of refuge provided safety for those in danger, and this imagery is used to convey the security found in God's presence. Spiritually, taking refuge in God implies trust and reliance on His strength and provision. It is an act of faith, acknowledging that true safety and peace are found not in worldly structures but in the divine embrace of the Almighty.

in the shadow of Your wings
This metaphor draws from the imagery of a bird protecting its young under its wings, symbolizing care, protection, and intimacy. The Hebrew word "kanap" refers to the wing or extremity, often used in Scripture to depict God's protective nature. Historically, this imagery would resonate with an agrarian society familiar with the protective instincts of birds. In a broader biblical context, it evokes the idea of God's presence as a sanctuary, offering comfort and security to those who trust in Him. This phrase invites believers to rest in the assurance of God's unfailing love and protection, much like a chick finds safety under the wings of its mother.

They feast
The Hebrew word for "feast" here is "ravah," which conveys the idea of being saturated or abundantly satisfied. This word paints a picture of overflowing abundance and fulfillment. In the context of Psalm 36:8, it suggests a divine provision that is not just sufficient but lavish. Historically, feasting is a symbol of celebration and joy, often associated with God's blessings and covenant faithfulness. The imagery of a feast in the Bible often points to the spiritual nourishment and joy found in God's presence.

on the abundance
The term "abundance" in Hebrew is "deshen," which can mean fatness or richness. This word indicates a state of prosperity and well-being. In the ancient Near Eastern context, fatness was a sign of wealth and divine favor. Spiritually, this abundance signifies the richness of God's grace and the overflowing blessings He provides to His people. It reflects the idea that in God, there is no lack, and His provision is more than enough to satisfy the deepest needs of the soul.

of Your house
The "house" here refers to the dwelling place of God, which in the Old Testament context would be the Temple in Jerusalem. The house of God is a place of worship, communion, and divine presence. It symbolizes the intimate relationship between God and His people. In a broader spiritual sense, it represents the community of believers and the fellowship found within the body of Christ. The house of God is where His glory dwells, and His people find refuge and sustenance.

and You give them drink
The phrase "give them drink" uses the Hebrew word "shaqah," which means to cause to drink or to irrigate. This action implies a deliberate and generous provision from God. Water is a vital element for life, and in the arid climate of the ancient Near East, it was a precious resource. Spiritually, this drinking represents the refreshment and life that God provides. It echoes the imagery of living water found in the New Testament, where Jesus offers the water of life to those who thirst.

from Your river
The "river" symbolizes a continuous and abundant source of life and blessing. In the Hebrew Bible, rivers often represent God's provision and the flow of His grace. The river is a powerful image of sustenance, fertility, and divine favor. In the eschatological vision of Revelation, a river flows from the throne of God, symbolizing eternal life and healing. This imagery assures believers of the unending and life-giving presence of God in their lives.

of delights
The word "delights" comes from the Hebrew "eden," which means pleasure or delight. This term is related to the Garden of Eden, a place of perfect harmony and joy. The use of "delights" here suggests that God's provision is not only sufficient but also brings joy and satisfaction. It reflects the ultimate fulfillment and happiness found in God's presence. The delights of God are spiritual blessings that transcend earthly pleasures, offering a foretaste of the eternal joy promised to believers.

For with You
This phrase emphasizes the personal relationship between the believer and God. The Hebrew word for "with" is "עִם" (im), which denotes proximity and companionship. In the context of the psalm, it suggests that the source of all goodness and life is found in close communion with God. Historically, this reflects the covenant relationship God had with Israel, where His presence was central to their identity and well-being.

is the fountain of life
The imagery of a "fountain" (Hebrew: "מְקוֹר" - mekor) conveys a continuous, abundant source of life. In ancient Near Eastern cultures, water was a precious commodity, often symbolizing life and sustenance. The "fountain of life" implies that God is the ultimate source of spiritual vitality and eternal life. This aligns with the broader biblical narrative where God is depicted as the sustainer and giver of life, both physically and spiritually.

in Your light
The word "light" (Hebrew: "אוֹר" - or) is often used in Scripture to symbolize truth, purity, and divine revelation. Light dispels darkness, representing the clarity and understanding that comes from God. In the historical context of the psalm, light would have been associated with guidance and protection, much like a lamp lighting a path. This phrase underscores the idea that true enlightenment and wisdom are found in God's presence.

we see light
This phrase suggests that it is only through God's illumination that we can perceive truth and reality. The repetition of "light" emphasizes its importance and the transformative power of divine revelation. In a broader scriptural context, this can be seen as a foreshadowing of Christ, who is described as the "light of the world" in the New Testament. The ability to "see light" implies spiritual insight and the ability to discern God's will and purpose.

Extend Your loving devotion
The phrase "Extend Your loving devotion" in Psalm 36:10 from the Berean Standard Bible is a plea for God's steadfast love to continue. The Hebrew word for "loving devotion" is "chesed," which encompasses a rich tapestry of meanings including mercy, kindness, and covenantal love. This word is central to understanding God's character in the Old Testament, reflecting His unwavering commitment to His people. Historically, "chesed" is not just an emotional feeling but an active, enduring loyalty that God shows to those who are in a covenant relationship with Him. The psalmist's request for God to "extend" this devotion suggests a desire for the ongoing experience of God's faithful love, which is both a personal and communal blessing.

to those who know You
The phrase "to those who know You" emphasizes a relational knowledge of God, not merely an intellectual understanding. The Hebrew word for "know" is "yada," which implies an intimate, experiential knowledge. This is the same word used to describe the intimate relationship between a husband and wife. In the biblical context, to "know" God is to have a deep, personal relationship with Him, characterized by trust, obedience, and love. This knowledge is transformative, leading to a life that reflects God's character. The psalmist highlights that God's loving devotion is particularly directed towards those who are in this kind of relationship with Him, underscoring the importance of seeking a deeper connection with the Divine.

and Your righteousness
The term "and Your righteousness" refers to God's moral perfection and His commitment to justice. The Hebrew word "tsedaqah" is often translated as righteousness, and it conveys the idea of right relationships and ethical conduct. In the biblical narrative, God's righteousness is not just a static attribute but an active force that brings about justice and salvation. It is a guiding principle for how God interacts with the world and His people. The psalmist's inclusion of "righteousness" alongside "loving devotion" suggests that God's love is not arbitrary but is always aligned with His just and holy nature.

to the upright in heart
The phrase "to the upright in heart" describes those who are sincere and morally sound in their innermost being. The Hebrew word for "upright" is "yashar," which means straight or level, and it is often used to describe ethical integrity. The "heart" in Hebrew thought is the center of one's being, encompassing mind, will, and emotions. Thus, "upright in heart" refers to individuals whose inner lives are aligned with God's will and who live out their faith with integrity. The psalmist is acknowledging that God's loving devotion and righteousness are particularly manifest in the lives of those who are committed to living in accordance with His ways. This phrase serves as both a comfort and a challenge to believers to cultivate a heart that is pleasing to God.

Let not
This phrase is a plea for divine intervention and protection. In the Hebrew text, the verb form used here is a jussive, which expresses a strong wish or prayer. It reflects the psalmist's deep reliance on God to prevent any harm or injustice. The use of "let not" indicates a recognition of God's sovereignty and power to control circumstances and protect His faithful ones.

the foot of the proud
The "foot" symbolizes power, dominance, and the ability to trample or oppress. In ancient Near Eastern cultures, the foot was often associated with conquest and subjugation. The "proud" refers to those who are arrogant and self-reliant, often in opposition to God's will. Biblically, pride is frequently condemned as it leads individuals away from humility and dependence on God. The psalmist seeks protection from those who, in their pride, might seek to harm or overpower him.

come against me
This phrase conveys the idea of an aggressive approach or attack. The Hebrew verb used here can imply both physical and metaphorical opposition. The psalmist is asking God to prevent any form of assault, whether it be through direct confrontation or subtle undermining. It highlights the vulnerability of the faithful and their need for God's safeguarding presence.

nor the hand of the wicked
The "hand" is a symbol of action, power, and influence. In biblical terms, the "wicked" are those who live in rebellion against God's laws and principles. They are often portrayed as deceitful, violent, and unjust. The psalmist's request to be spared from the "hand of the wicked" underscores a desire for protection from those who would use their power to harm or exploit.

drive me away
This phrase suggests forceful removal or displacement. In the context of ancient Israel, being driven away could mean exile, loss of home, or separation from the community and the presence of God. The psalmist's plea is for stability and security, to remain in the place of God's blessing and not be cast out by the schemes of the wicked. It reflects a deep yearning for God's sustaining grace and protection in the face of adversity.

There
The word "there" indicates a specific location or situation where the consequences of the evildoers' actions have come to fruition. In the Hebrew text, this word can imply a place of judgment or a point in time where divine justice is executed. It serves as a reminder that God's justice is precise and inevitable, occurring at the appointed time and place.

the evildoers
This phrase refers to those who act wickedly, opposing God's righteous standards. In the Hebrew context, "evildoers" are often those who live in rebellion against God's laws, causing harm and injustice. The Bible consistently warns against the path of the wicked, emphasizing that their actions are not hidden from God and will ultimately lead to their downfall.

lie fallen
The imagery of "lie fallen" suggests a complete and utter defeat. In the Hebrew, this phrase conveys a sense of being prostrated or cast down, unable to recover. It reflects the ultimate fate of those who oppose God, highlighting the futility of resisting His will. This serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of sin and the certainty of divine retribution.

thrown down
This phrase emphasizes the forceful nature of the evildoers' downfall. The Hebrew root suggests being cast down with power and authority, indicating that their fall is not accidental but a result of divine intervention. It underscores God's sovereignty and His active role in executing justice, ensuring that evil does not prevail.

unable to rise
The final phrase, "unable to rise," signifies the permanence of the evildoers' defeat. In the Hebrew context, this implies a state of helplessness and finality, where recovery or redemption is no longer possible. It serves as a stark warning of the irreversible consequences of a life lived in opposition to God, urging believers to remain steadfast in righteousness.