If someone sins
The Hebrew word for "sins" here is "חָטָא" (chata), which means to miss the mark or to err. In the context of Leviticus, sin is not just a moral failing but a breach of the covenant relationship with God. This phrase sets the stage for understanding sin as an act that disrupts the divine order and requires atonement. It emphasizes personal responsibility and the need for awareness of one's actions in the community.

because he has heard
The act of hearing, "שָׁמַע" (shama), is significant in Hebrew culture, often implying not just auditory reception but also understanding and obedience. This phrase suggests that the individual is accountable for what they have heard, highlighting the importance of being attentive and responsive to God's commands and communal responsibilities.

a public adjuration to testify
The term "adjuration" refers to a solemn charge or oath. In ancient Israel, public adjurations were serious matters, often involving a formal declaration before God and the community. This phrase underscores the gravity of truth-telling and the communal aspect of justice, where individuals are called to uphold truth for the well-being of society.

and he is a witness
The Hebrew word for "witness" is "עֵד" (ed), which implies someone who has firsthand knowledge of an event. Being a witness carries a moral and legal obligation to testify truthfully. This phrase highlights the role of witnesses in maintaining justice and integrity within the community, reflecting God's nature as a God of truth.

whether he has seen or learned of it
This phrase expands the responsibility of the witness to include both direct observation ("seen") and acquired knowledge ("learned"). It emphasizes the comprehensive nature of truth and the duty to report it, regardless of how it was obtained. This reflects the biblical principle that truth is not just personal but communal, affecting the entire body of believers.

he shall bear the iniquity
The phrase "bear the iniquity" involves the Hebrew word "עָוֹן" (avon), meaning guilt or punishment for sin. This indicates that failing to testify truthfully results in bearing the consequences of sin, both personally and communally. It serves as a sobering reminder of the seriousness of sin and the need for confession and atonement, pointing ultimately to the redemptive work of Christ who bore our iniquities on the cross.

Or if a person touches
The Hebrew word for "touches" is נָגַע (naga), which implies more than a casual contact; it suggests an intentional or significant contact. In the ancient Israelite context, touching something unclean was not merely a physical act but a spiritual and communal one, affecting one's standing before God and the community. This highlights the importance of purity and the awareness required in daily life to maintain holiness.

anything unclean
The term "unclean" (טָמֵא, tamei) in Hebrew refers to a state of ritual impurity. This concept is central to Levitical law, emphasizing the separation between the holy and the profane. The Israelites were called to be a holy nation, distinct from surrounding cultures, and maintaining ritual purity was a tangible expression of this calling.

whether the carcass of an unclean wild animal
The mention of "unclean wild animal" underscores the comprehensive nature of the purity laws. Wild animals, not domesticated or controlled by humans, symbolize the untamed and chaotic aspects of creation. The Israelites were to avoid these to maintain their distinctiveness and purity, reflecting God's order and holiness.

or the carcass of unclean livestock
Livestock, typically associated with domestication and provision, when deemed unclean, represents a deviation from God's intended order. This phrase reminds the Israelites that even within the realm of the familiar and necessary, discernment and adherence to God's laws are paramount.

or the carcass of an unclean crawling creature
Crawling creatures, often seen as lowly or detestable, further illustrate the breadth of what is considered unclean. This inclusion serves as a reminder of the pervasive nature of impurity and the vigilance required to avoid it, reinforcing the call to holiness in all aspects of life.

even if it is hidden from him
This phrase highlights the unintentional nature of some transgressions. The Hebrew word for "hidden" (נֶעְלַם, ne'lam) suggests something concealed or unknown. It underscores the idea that ignorance does not exempt one from guilt, emphasizing the need for constant awareness and the provision of atonement for unintentional sins.

he is unclean and guilty
The declaration of being "unclean and guilty" (אָשֵׁם, asham) signifies a dual state of impurity and culpability. This reflects the seriousness with which God views holiness and the need for atonement. It serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of impurity and the grace available through prescribed offerings, pointing ultimately to the redemptive work of Christ, who fulfills the law and offers cleansing from all sin.

Or if he touches human uncleanness
The phrase "touches human uncleanness" refers to the physical contact with anything considered impure according to the Levitical law. The Hebrew word for "touches" is "נָגַע" (naga), which implies a direct or indirect contact that results in ceremonial impurity. In the ancient Israelite context, "human uncleanness" could include a variety of conditions such as bodily discharges or contact with a corpse. This reflects the broader biblical theme of holiness and the separation from impurity, emphasizing the need for the Israelites to maintain a state of ritual purity to approach God.

anything that makes him unclean
The term "anything" underscores the comprehensive nature of the laws regarding purity. The Hebrew word "כָּל" (kol) means "all" or "every," indicating that no form of impurity is too minor to be considered. This highlights the meticulous nature of the Levitical laws and the importance of being vigilant about one's state of purity. The phrase "makes him unclean" uses the Hebrew "טָמֵא" (tame), which means to be ceremonially impure. This impurity is not necessarily moral but ritual, affecting one's ability to participate in communal worship and requiring specific rites for purification.

without being aware of it
This phrase addresses the unintentional nature of the impurity. The Hebrew "וְנֶעְלַם" (vene'lam) suggests something hidden or concealed, indicating that the individual was unaware of the impurity at the time of contact. This aspect of the law shows God's understanding of human limitations and the provision for unintentional sins. It underscores the importance of awareness and self-examination in maintaining holiness, as well as the grace extended for sins committed in ignorance.

but later he realizes it
The realization of impurity is a critical moment in the process of atonement. The Hebrew "וְהוּא יָדַע" (vehu yada) implies coming to knowledge or understanding. This realization is a call to action, prompting the individual to seek purification. It reflects the biblical principle that awareness of sin requires a response, often involving confession and restitution. This process is a precursor to the New Testament concept of repentance, where acknowledgment of sin leads to seeking forgiveness.

he is guilty
The declaration "he is guilty" uses the Hebrew "אָשֵׁם" (asham), which means to bear guilt or be liable. This guilt is not merely a feeling but a legal status requiring rectification through prescribed offerings. In the Levitical system, guilt necessitated a sin offering to restore the individual's standing before God. This underscores the seriousness with which God views sin and impurity, as well as the provision He makes for reconciliation. It points forward to the ultimate atonement provided by Christ, who fulfills the law's requirements and offers cleansing from all sin.

Or if someone swears rashly
The Hebrew word for "swears" is "שָׁבַע" (shava), which means to take an oath or make a solemn promise. The term "rashly" suggests a lack of careful consideration or impulsiveness. In the ancient Near Eastern context, oaths were serious commitments often invoking divine witness. This phrase highlights the importance of thoughtful deliberation before making promises, reflecting the biblical principle that words have power and should be used responsibly.

to do evil or to do good
This phrase encompasses the full spectrum of human intention and action. The Hebrew words for "evil" (רָע, ra) and "good" (טוֹב, tov) are often used in the Bible to denote moral and ethical dimensions. The inclusion of both suggests that any oath, regardless of its intent, carries weight and accountability. This reflects the biblical teaching that God is concerned with the heart's intentions and the integrity of one's word.

whatever it may be that a man shall pronounce with an oath
The phrase "whatever it may be" underscores the comprehensive nature of the law regarding oaths. The Hebrew root "נָדַר" (nadar) for "pronounce" implies a formal declaration or vow. This indicates that any spoken commitment, regardless of its content, is significant in the eyes of God. It emphasizes the biblical principle that truthfulness and faithfulness are essential virtues.

and it is hidden from him
The concept of something being "hidden" (נֶעְלַם, ne'lam) suggests a lack of awareness or forgetfulness. In the biblical context, this could refer to an unintentional oversight or ignorance. This phrase highlights God's understanding of human frailty and the provision for unintentional sins, reflecting His justice and mercy.

when he realizes it
The realization (יָדַע, yada) implies coming to an understanding or awareness. This moment of recognition is crucial in the process of repentance and atonement. It signifies the importance of self-awareness and the acknowledgment of one's actions in the journey of faith.

he will be guilty in any of these matters
The declaration of guilt (אָשֵׁם, asham) indicates accountability and the need for atonement. The phrase "in any of these matters" reinforces the comprehensive nature of the law and the seriousness with which God views oaths. This underscores the biblical teaching that all sin, intentional or unintentional, requires confession and reconciliation with God.

If someone incurs guilt
The phrase "if someone incurs guilt" introduces the concept of personal responsibility and accountability before God. The Hebrew root word for "guilt" here is "אָשֵׁם" (asham), which implies a sense of being liable or culpable for wrongdoing. In the ancient Israelite context, this was not merely a legal or social issue but a deeply spiritual one. Guilt was understood as a breach in the relationship between the individual and God, necessitating a response to restore that relationship. This highlights the importance of recognizing one's own sinfulness and the need for atonement.

in one of these ways
This phrase refers to the specific transgressions outlined in the preceding verses of Leviticus 5. The context here is crucial, as it underscores the detailed nature of the Mosaic Law, which provided clear guidelines for living a life pleasing to God. The specificity of "these ways" indicates that God is concerned with both intentional and unintentional sins, emphasizing His holiness and the comprehensive nature of His law. It serves as a reminder that no sin is too small to be overlooked, and all require attention and correction.

he must confess
The act of confession is central to the process of atonement and reconciliation with God. The Hebrew word for "confess" is "יָדָה" (yadah), which means to acknowledge or declare one's sins openly. This is not merely a private admission but a public acknowledgment of wrongdoing. In the historical context, confession was often made before a priest, symbolizing the community's involvement in the process of forgiveness. This act of confession is a humbling experience, requiring honesty and transparency before God and others, and is a crucial step in the journey toward spiritual healing and restoration.

the sin he has committed
The phrase "the sin he has committed" personalizes the transgression, emphasizing individual responsibility. The Hebrew word for "sin" is "חֵטְא" (chet), which conveys the idea of missing the mark or falling short of God's standards. This acknowledgment of sin is not just about recognizing a mistake but understanding its impact on one's relationship with God. The historical context of Leviticus shows that sin was taken seriously, with specific sacrifices and rituals prescribed to address it. This underscores the gravity of sin and the necessity of seeking God's forgiveness to restore the covenant relationship.

and he must bring
The phrase emphasizes the personal responsibility of the individual in addressing their sin. The Hebrew root for "bring" is "בּוֹא" (bo), which conveys the act of coming or bringing something forward. This action signifies an intentional approach to God, acknowledging one's wrongdoing and seeking reconciliation. It underscores the importance of personal accountability in the spiritual journey.

his guilt offering
The term "guilt offering" is derived from the Hebrew word "אָשָׁם" (asham), which refers to a specific type of sacrifice meant to atone for unintentional sins or sins of omission. This offering is distinct from other sacrifices, highlighting the gravity of sin and the need for restitution. It reflects the understanding that sin disrupts the relationship with God and requires a tangible act of repentance.

to the LORD
This phrase indicates the direction and purpose of the offering. The Hebrew name for God used here is "יְהוָה" (YHWH), the covenantal name of God, emphasizing His holiness and the personal relationship He desires with His people. Bringing the offering "to the LORD" signifies an act of worship and submission to His divine authority.

for the sin he has committed
The acknowledgment of sin is crucial in the process of atonement. The Hebrew word for sin, "חֵטְא" (chet), implies missing the mark or falling short of God's standards. This phrase highlights the necessity of recognizing one's transgressions as a prerequisite for forgiveness and restoration.

a female from the flock
The specification of a female animal, either a lamb or a goat, as the offering is significant. In the ancient Near Eastern context, female animals were often considered less valuable than males, making this offering accessible to all, regardless of economic status. This inclusivity reflects God's desire for all His people to have the means to seek forgiveness.

either a lamb or a goat
The choice between a lamb or a goat provides flexibility in the sacrificial system, accommodating the individual's circumstances. Both animals were common in Israelite flocks, symbolizing innocence and purity, which are essential qualities for a sin offering. This choice underscores the principle that God values the heart's intent over the material value of the offering.

as a sin offering
The sin offering, or "חַטָּאת" (chatat) in Hebrew, is a sacrifice specifically designated for atonement. It serves as a tangible expression of repentance and a means to restore the broken relationship with God. This offering points to the seriousness of sin and the necessity of a mediator, foreshadowing the ultimate sacrifice of Christ.

And the priest will make atonement for him
The role of the priest is central in the atonement process. The Hebrew word for atonement, "כָּפַר" (kaphar), means to cover or to reconcile. The priest acts as an intermediary, facilitating the reconciliation between the sinner and God. This priestly function prefigures the mediatory work of Jesus Christ, our High Priest.

for his sin
The repetition of the word "sin" emphasizes the focus of the offering. It serves as a reminder of the pervasive nature of sin and the continual need for atonement. This acknowledgment is crucial for spiritual growth and maturity, as it leads to a deeper understanding of God's grace and mercy.

If, however, he cannot afford a lamb
This phrase highlights the compassionate nature of God's law, recognizing the economic disparities among His people. The Hebrew root for "afford" (נָגַע, naga) implies touching or reaching, indicating that the person is unable to reach the financial means necessary for a lamb. This provision underscores God's understanding and accommodation for the poor, ensuring that everyone, regardless of their economic status, can seek atonement and maintain a relationship with Him.

he may bring to the LORD
The act of bringing an offering to the LORD signifies an intentional approach to God, acknowledging His sovereignty and the need for reconciliation. The Hebrew word for "bring" (בּוֹא, bo) conveys the idea of coming or entering, suggesting that the worshiper is entering into a sacred space or presence. This reflects the personal responsibility and active participation required in the process of atonement.

as his guilt offering
The term "guilt offering" (אָשָׁם, asham) refers to a specific type of sacrifice meant to atone for unintentional sins or sins of omission. It emphasizes the seriousness of sin and the need for restitution. Historically, this offering served as a tangible expression of repentance and a means to restore the relationship between the sinner and God.

for the sin he has committed
This phrase acknowledges the reality of human fallibility and the inevitability of sin. The Hebrew word for "sin" (חֵטְא, chet) implies missing the mark or failing to meet God's standards. The acknowledgment of sin is the first step towards repentance and reconciliation, highlighting the importance of self-awareness and humility in the spiritual journey.

two turtledoves or two young pigeons
The provision of "two turtledoves or two young pigeons" as an alternative offering demonstrates God's inclusivity and grace. These birds were more affordable and accessible to the poor, ensuring that no one was excluded from the opportunity for atonement. This reflects the broader biblical theme of God's care for the marginalized and His desire for all to come to repentance.

one for a sin offering and the other for a burnt offering
The distinction between the "sin offering" and the "burnt offering" highlights the multifaceted nature of atonement. The sin offering (חַטָּאת, chatat) was specifically for purification and forgiveness, while the burnt offering (עוֹלָה, olah) symbolized complete surrender and devotion to God. Together, they represent both the removal of sin and the renewal of the worshiper's commitment to God, illustrating the holistic approach to reconciliation and worship in the Old Testament.

He is to bring them to the priest
This phrase emphasizes the role of the priest as a mediator between the people and God. In the Hebrew context, the word for "priest" is "kohen," which signifies someone who is set apart for sacred duties. The act of bringing the offering to the priest underscores the importance of approaching God through the means He has established. Historically, the priesthood was a central institution in Israelite worship, serving as a bridge between the divine and the human. This reflects the New Testament understanding of Jesus as our High Priest, who mediates on our behalf.

who shall first present the one for the sin offering
The "sin offering" (Hebrew: "chattat") is a crucial concept in Levitical law, symbolizing atonement and purification from sin. The sin offering was a tangible expression of repentance and the need for divine forgiveness. The priest's role in presenting the offering highlights the necessity of an intermediary in the process of atonement, pointing forward to the ultimate sacrifice of Christ, who offered Himself once for all.

He is to twist its head at the front of its neck
This phrase describes the specific ritual action required for the sin offering. The Hebrew verb used here can imply a careful and deliberate action, reflecting the seriousness of the offering. The act of twisting the head without severing it completely is a vivid reminder of the cost of sin and the need for a life to be given in place of the sinner. This foreshadows the sacrificial death of Jesus, who bore the penalty of sin on our behalf.

but not sever it completely
The instruction not to sever the head completely is significant. It indicates a controlled and purposeful act, ensuring the offering is made according to God's precise instructions. This detail underscores the importance of obedience to God's commands in worship. In a broader theological context, it reflects the idea that while the offering is a substitute, it is not the final solution to sin, pointing to the need for a perfect and complete sacrifice, fulfilled in Christ.

He is to sprinkle
The act of sprinkling blood is deeply symbolic in the Hebrew tradition, representing purification and atonement. The Hebrew word used here is "zaraq," which means to scatter or sprinkle. This action signifies the transfer of sin from the individual to the sacrificial offering, highlighting the necessity of a mediator in the process of atonement. In the broader biblical narrative, this foreshadows the ultimate sacrifice of Christ, whose blood was shed for the remission of sins.

some of the blood
Blood, in the biblical context, is the essence of life (Leviticus 17:11). The use of blood in sacrificial rituals underscores the seriousness of sin and the cost of atonement. The phrase "some of the blood" indicates that not all the blood was used in the sprinkling, suggesting a portion was reserved for another purpose, emphasizing the completeness and sufficiency of the sacrifice.

of the sin offering
The sin offering, or "chattat" in Hebrew, was a specific type of sacrifice intended to atone for unintentional sins. This offering underscores the holiness of God and the need for His people to be cleansed from impurity. It points to the gravity of sin and the provision God made for reconciliation with Him, ultimately fulfilled in Jesus Christ, the perfect sin offering.

against the side of the altar
The altar, a central element in the tabernacle and later the temple, was the place where sacrifices were made to God. Sprinkling the blood against the side of the altar signifies the offering being presented directly to God. This act of worship and obedience is a reminder of the need for a heart aligned with God's will, seeking His forgiveness and grace.

and the rest of the blood
The remaining blood was not discarded but had a specific purpose, indicating the thoroughness of the sacrificial system. This reflects the comprehensive nature of God's provision for sin, ensuring that nothing is wasted and every aspect of the offering is meaningful.

he is to drain out at the base of the altar
Draining the blood at the base of the altar symbolizes the complete surrender and dedication of the offering to God. The base of the altar, being the foundation, represents the grounding of the sacrificial act in God's covenant with His people. This act of pouring out is reminiscent of Christ's sacrifice, where His blood was poured out for the salvation of humanity.

it is a sin offering
This final phrase reaffirms the purpose of the sacrifice. The sin offering was a tangible expression of repentance and a plea for God's mercy. It highlights the seriousness with which God views sin and the lengths to which He goes to provide a means of atonement. In the New Testament, this is beautifully fulfilled in Jesus, who became the ultimate sin offering, once and for all, for those who believe in Him.

Then he shall prepare
This phrase indicates a specific action required by the priest, emphasizing the importance of following God's instructions precisely. The Hebrew root for "prepare" is "עָשָׂה" (asah), which means to do, make, or accomplish. This reflects the meticulous nature of the sacrificial system, where each step is significant in maintaining the holiness and order prescribed by God.

the second bird
The use of "the second bird" highlights the provision for those who could not afford larger sacrifices, such as a lamb. This demonstrates God's compassion and understanding of human limitations, ensuring that atonement was accessible to all, regardless of economic status. Historically, this provision underscores the inclusivity of God's covenant with Israel.

as a burnt offering
The burnt offering, or "עֹלָה" (olah) in Hebrew, signifies complete surrender to God, as the offering is wholly consumed by fire. This symbolizes the worshiper's total dedication and the desire for purification. The burnt offering is a recurring theme throughout the Old Testament, representing a foundational aspect of Israel's relationship with God.

according to the ordinance
This phrase underscores the importance of adhering to divine instructions. The Hebrew word "מִשְׁפָּט" (mishpat) refers to a judgment or decree, indicating that these rituals were not arbitrary but divinely ordained. This reflects the broader biblical theme of obedience to God's law as a pathway to righteousness and blessing.

In this way the priest will make atonement
The role of the priest as a mediator is central here. The Hebrew word for atonement, "כָּפַר" (kaphar), means to cover or reconcile. This act of atonement points forward to the ultimate atonement made by Jesus Christ, who is the perfect High Priest and the final sacrifice for sin, as understood in the New Testament.

for him for the sin he has committed
This phrase acknowledges personal responsibility for sin, a key tenet in the biblical narrative. The Hebrew word for sin, "חֵטְא" (chet), implies missing the mark or falling short of God's standards. The sacrificial system provided a means for individuals to restore their relationship with God, prefiguring the complete forgiveness available through Christ.

and he will be forgiven
Forgiveness, or "סָלַח" (salach) in Hebrew, is a profound act of divine grace. This assurance of forgiveness upon the completion of the prescribed ritual highlights God's mercy and willingness to restore His people. In the broader biblical context, this foreshadows the New Testament message of forgiveness through faith in Jesus Christ, emphasizing God's unchanging nature as a forgiving and loving Father.

But if he cannot afford
This phrase highlights God's understanding and compassion for the economic conditions of His people. The Hebrew root here implies a lack of means or resources. In the ancient Near Eastern context, this provision underscores God's inclusivity, ensuring that even the poorest could participate in the sacrificial system. It reflects the principle that God values the heart's intent over material wealth.

two turtledoves or two young pigeons
These birds were the least expensive sacrificial animals, accessible to those of modest means. Historically, turtledoves and pigeons were common in Israel, making them a practical choice for offerings. This provision demonstrates God's desire for all to have access to atonement, regardless of their financial status, emphasizing His justice and mercy.

he is to bring as his offering
The act of bringing an offering signifies personal responsibility and acknowledgment of sin. The Hebrew term for "offering" (קָרְבָּן, korban) implies drawing near to God. This reflects the broader biblical theme of reconciliation and the restoration of fellowship with God through sacrifice.

a tenth of an ephah of fine flour
An ephah was a unit of dry measure, and a tenth of an ephah was a modest amount, making it accessible to the poor. Fine flour, a staple in ancient diets, symbolizes purity and sustenance. This offering, though humble, was acceptable to God, illustrating that He values the sincerity of the giver over the size of the gift.

as a sin offering
The sin offering (חַטָּאת, chatat) was a crucial part of the sacrificial system, designed to atone for unintentional sins. This offering underscores the seriousness of sin and the need for atonement, pointing forward to the ultimate sacrifice of Christ, who fulfilled the law and provided eternal atonement for sin.

He must not put olive oil or frankincense on it
Olive oil and frankincense were typically used in offerings to enhance their aroma and significance. Their exclusion here emphasizes the somber nature of the sin offering. The absence of these elements highlights the focus on atonement rather than celebration, reminding the offerer of the gravity of sin.

because it is a sin offering
This reiteration underscores the purpose of the offering: to atone for sin. The Hebrew concept of sin (חֵטְא, chet) involves missing the mark or falling short of God's standards. The sin offering serves as a tangible reminder of humanity's need for divine grace and forgiveness, ultimately fulfilled in Jesus Christ, who bore our sins on the cross.

Then he is to bring it to the priest
In the ancient Israelite context, the priest served as a mediator between the people and God. The Hebrew word for priest, "kohen," signifies one who is set apart for sacred duties. This phrase underscores the importance of approaching God through the divinely appointed means, emphasizing the necessity of mediation in the sacrificial system. The act of bringing the offering to the priest symbolizes the sinner's acknowledgment of their need for atonement and the role of the priesthood in facilitating reconciliation with God.

who shall take a handful as the memorial portion
The "memorial portion" refers to a part of the offering that is set aside to be burned on the altar. The Hebrew term "azkarah" implies remembrance or a reminder. This act serves as a symbolic gesture to bring the offeror's sin before God, seeking His mercy and forgiveness. It highlights the concept of remembrance in worship, where the act of offering is a tangible reminder of one's sin and the need for divine grace.

and burn it on the altar
The altar, in Hebrew "mizbeach," is a sacred place where offerings are made to God. Burning the memorial portion signifies the complete surrender and consumption of the offering, representing the offeror's desire for purification and acceptance by God. The fire on the altar is a symbol of God's presence and His consuming holiness, which purifies and sanctifies the offering.

on top of the offerings made by fire to the LORD
This phrase indicates that the sin offering is placed upon other offerings, suggesting a hierarchy and order in the sacrificial system. The offerings made by fire, or "ishsheh," are those that ascend to God as a pleasing aroma. This layering of offerings signifies the comprehensive nature of worship and atonement, where each offering plays a role in restoring the relationship between the worshiper and God.

It is a sin offering
The term "sin offering," or "chatta'ah" in Hebrew, specifically denotes an offering made to atone for unintentional sins. This offering is a crucial aspect of the Levitical sacrificial system, highlighting the seriousness of sin and the provision God has made for its atonement. It points to the need for a substitute to bear the penalty of sin, foreshadowing the ultimate sacrifice of Christ, who fulfills the law and provides eternal atonement for humanity's sins. This offering underscores the gravity of sin and the grace of God in providing a means for reconciliation.

In this way
This phrase indicates a specific procedure or method that is to be followed. In the context of Leviticus, it refers to the detailed instructions given by God to Moses regarding the sacrificial system. The Hebrew word used here is "כָּזֹאת" (kazot), which emphasizes the importance of following God's commands precisely. This reflects the broader biblical theme of obedience to God's law as a means of maintaining a right relationship with Him.

the priest
The priest, or "כֹּהֵן" (kohen) in Hebrew, serves as a mediator between God and the people. In ancient Israel, priests were responsible for performing sacrifices and rituals that facilitated atonement and reconciliation with God. This role underscores the necessity of a divinely appointed intermediary in the process of atonement, prefiguring the ultimate High Priest, Jesus Christ, in the New Testament.

will make atonement
The concept of atonement, from the Hebrew "כִּפֶּר" (kipper), involves covering or cleansing sin to restore the relationship between the sinner and God. Atonement is central to the sacrificial system, highlighting God's provision for dealing with sin. It points to the ultimate atonement made by Christ on the cross, which fully reconciles humanity to God.

for him
This phrase personalizes the atonement process, indicating that it is an individual matter. Each person is responsible for their own sin and must seek atonement. This personal responsibility is a recurring theme in Scripture, emphasizing the need for individual repentance and faith.

regarding the sin he has committed
Sin, or "חַטָּאת" (chatta'ah) in Hebrew, refers to any act that transgresses God's law. The sacrificial system provided a means for dealing with sin, acknowledging human fallibility and God's holiness. The specificity of "the sin he has committed" underscores the need for confession and recognition of one's specific transgressions.

in any of these matters
This phrase suggests a comprehensive scope, covering various types of sins and offenses. It reflects the detailed nature of the Levitical laws, which address numerous aspects of life and conduct. This comprehensive approach underscores the pervasive nature of sin and the need for a thorough means of atonement.

and he will be forgiven
Forgiveness, from the Hebrew "סָלַח" (salach), is a divine act of grace, releasing the sinner from the guilt and penalty of sin. This promise of forgiveness is a central tenet of the faith, offering hope and restoration. It foreshadows the complete forgiveness available through Christ's sacrifice.

The rest of the offering
This refers to the portion of the sacrifice that remains after the atonement process. In the Levitical system, certain parts of the offerings were designated for the priests, providing for their sustenance. This practice highlights the principle of provision for those who serve in ministry.

will belong to the priest
The allocation of the offering to the priest, or "כֹּהֵן" (kohen), underscores the priest's role and the community's responsibility to support those who minister on their behalf. It reflects the broader biblical principle of honoring and providing for spiritual leaders.

like the grain offering
The grain offering, or "מִנְחָה" (minchah), was a type of sacrifice that involved offering flour, oil, and incense. It was an expression of gratitude and dedication to God. By comparing the rest of the offering to the grain offering, the text emphasizes the sacredness and purpose of the sacrificial system, which is to honor God and maintain fellowship with Him.

Then
The word "Then" serves as a transitional term, indicating a continuation or sequence of events. In the context of Leviticus, it suggests a progression in the divine instructions being given to Moses. This word underscores the ongoing revelation of God's law to His people, emphasizing the structured and orderly nature of God's communication. It reminds us that God's instructions are purposeful and timely, fitting into His broader plan for Israel.

the LORD
The term "the LORD" is translated from the Hebrew "YHWH," the sacred and personal name of God. This name is deeply significant, representing God's eternal, self-existent nature and His covenant relationship with Israel. It is a reminder of God's holiness, sovereignty, and faithfulness. In the context of Leviticus, it emphasizes that the laws and instructions are not merely human constructs but divine mandates from the Creator Himself.

said
The word "said" indicates direct communication from God. In Hebrew, the verb "amar" is used, which conveys the act of speaking or declaring. This highlights the personal and relational aspect of God's interaction with Moses. It is a reminder that God is not distant or silent but actively communicates His will and guidance to His chosen leaders and, through them, to His people.

to Moses
Moses is the central human figure in the Pentateuch, chosen by God to lead the Israelites out of Egypt and to receive the Law on their behalf. His name, derived from the Hebrew "Mosheh," is traditionally understood to mean "drawn out," reflecting his rescue from the Nile as a baby. Moses' role as a mediator between God and Israel is crucial, symbolizing the need for a go-between in the relationship between a holy God and His people. This phrase underscores Moses' unique position and responsibility in conveying God's commands to the Israelites.

acts unfaithfully
The Hebrew root for "acts unfaithfully" is "מַעַל" (ma'al), which conveys a sense of treachery or betrayal. In the context of Leviticus, this term underscores the seriousness of violating the covenant relationship with God. The Israelites were called to be a holy people, set apart for God’s purposes. Acting unfaithfully, even unintentionally, disrupts this sacred relationship. This phrase reminds believers of the importance of faithfulness in their walk with God, emphasizing that even unintentional sins require atonement and reconciliation.

sins unintentionally
The Hebrew word "שָׁגָגָה" (shagagah) refers to sins committed in ignorance or without intent. This highlights the comprehensive nature of sin in the biblical worldview, where even actions done without malicious intent can disrupt one's relationship with God. It serves as a reminder of human fallibility and the need for constant vigilance and humility before God. The provision for unintentional sins underscores God’s grace and the importance of maintaining purity in worship and daily life.

against any of the LORD’s holy things
This phrase refers to the sacred objects and practices associated with the worship of Yahweh. The "holy things" could include offerings, tithes, or any items dedicated to the service of the Tabernacle. The holiness of these items is derived from their association with God, and any misuse or mishandling is considered a serious offense. This highlights the reverence and respect required in approaching God and His ordinances, reminding believers of the sacredness of worship and the need to honor God in all aspects of life.

he must bring his guilt offering
The "guilt offering," or "אָשָׁם" (asham) in Hebrew, is a specific type of sacrifice required to atone for certain sins, particularly those involving desecration of holy things or breach of trust. This offering underscores the principle of restitution and the need to make amends for wrongdoing. It points to the seriousness with which God views sin and the provision He makes for restoration. For Christians, this foreshadows the ultimate guilt offering made by Christ, who restores believers to right relationship with God.

an unblemished ram from the flock
The requirement of an "unblemished ram" signifies the need for purity and perfection in offerings made to God. The ram, a valuable and significant animal, represents a costly sacrifice, indicating the weight of sin and the seriousness of atonement. This requirement points to the holiness of God and the need for offerings that reflect His perfection. In the New Testament, this is fulfilled in Jesus Christ, the Lamb of God, who is without blemish and offers Himself as the perfect sacrifice for sin.

according to your valuation in silver shekels
The valuation in "silver shekels" ties the guilt offering to a tangible, economic measure, reflecting the principle of restitution. The use of silver, a precious metal, underscores the value and cost of atonement. This aspect of the offering highlights the need for sincerity and the willingness to make a meaningful sacrifice in seeking forgiveness. It also points to the justice of God, who requires that wrongs be righted in a manner that acknowledges their impact.

based on the sanctuary shekel
The "sanctuary shekel" was a standard measure used in the Tabernacle, ensuring consistency and fairness in the valuation of offerings. This standardization reflects the order and justice inherent in God’s law. It serves as a reminder that God’s requirements are not arbitrary but are grounded in His character and the order He establishes. For believers, it underscores the importance of integrity and fairness in all dealings, reflecting the righteousness of God.

it is a guilt offering
The reiteration that "it is a guilt offering" emphasizes the specific purpose and nature of this sacrifice. It is not merely a ritual but a profound act of repentance and reconciliation. The guilt offering serves as a tangible expression of the sinner’s acknowledgment of wrongdoing and desire to restore fellowship with God. This concept is central to the Christian understanding of atonement, where Christ’s sacrifice is the ultimate guilt offering, reconciling humanity to God and restoring the broken relationship caused by sin.

Regarding the holy things
This phrase refers to items or practices set apart for sacred use in the worship of God. In the Hebrew context, "holy things" (קָדָשִׁים, qadoshim) signifies objects or actions dedicated to God, emphasizing their sanctity and the need for reverence. Historically, these could include offerings, tithes, or sacred rituals. The Israelites were called to honor these holy things, reflecting their covenant relationship with God. This underscores the importance of treating what is consecrated to God with utmost respect and integrity.

he must make restitution
The concept of restitution (שִׁלֵּם, shillem) involves compensating for a wrong or loss. In the biblical context, it is not merely a legal obligation but a moral and spiritual duty to restore what was misappropriated or neglected. This act of restitution is a tangible expression of repentance and a step towards reconciliation with God and the community. It highlights the biblical principle that true repentance involves action and a commitment to rectify one's wrongs.

for what he has failed to do
This phrase acknowledges human fallibility and the reality of unintentional sins or omissions. The Hebrew word for "failed" (חָטָא, chata) often denotes missing the mark or falling short of God's standards. It serves as a reminder of the need for vigilance in spiritual and moral duties. The acknowledgment of failure is the first step towards seeking forgiveness and restoration, emphasizing the grace available through God's provision for atonement.

adding a fifth of the value to it
The requirement to add a fifth (20%) to the restitution underscores the seriousness of the offense and the need for sincere repentance. This additional compensation (חֹמֶשׁ, chomesh) serves as a deterrent against negligence and as a means to restore trust. It reflects the biblical principle of going beyond mere compensation to demonstrate genuine contrition and a desire to make amends fully.

and give it to the priest
The priest (כֹּהֵן, kohen) acts as an intermediary between the offender and God. In ancient Israel, the priesthood was responsible for maintaining the sanctity of worship and facilitating the people's reconciliation with God. By giving the restitution to the priest, the individual acknowledges the priest's role in the atonement process and the communal aspect of worship. This act reinforces the idea that sin affects not only the individual but the entire community of faith.

Then the priest will make atonement on his behalf
Atonement (כִּפֶּר, kipper) is a central theme in Leviticus, signifying the covering or removal of sin. The priest's role in making atonement highlights the necessity of mediation in the reconciliation process. This foreshadows the ultimate atonement made by Christ, the High Priest, who reconciles humanity to God. The priest's actions symbolize the grace and mercy of God, who provides a means for forgiveness and restoration.

with the ram of the guilt offering
The ram (אַיִל, ayil) used in the guilt offering (אָשָׁם, asham) represents the costliness of sin and the need for a significant sacrifice to atone for it. The guilt offering specifically addresses unintentional sins and breaches of faith, emphasizing the need for a sacrificial substitute. This offering points to the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, who bore the guilt of humanity and provided the means for eternal forgiveness.

and he will be forgiven
Forgiveness (סָלַח, salach) is the gracious act of God removing the guilt and penalty of sin. This assurance of forgiveness is a profound expression of God's mercy and love. It offers hope and restoration to the sinner, reaffirming the covenant relationship with God. In the broader biblical narrative, this forgiveness is fully realized in the New Testament through the redemptive work of Christ, who offers complete and eternal forgiveness to all who believe.

If someone sins
The Hebrew word for "sins" here is "חָטָא" (chata), which means to miss the mark or to err. In the context of Leviticus, sin is not just a moral failing but a breach of the covenant relationship with God. This phrase sets the stage for understanding sin as an inherent part of human nature, emphasizing the need for atonement and the grace of God in providing a means for reconciliation.

and violates
The term "violates" is derived from the Hebrew "עָשָׂה" (asah), meaning to do or to act. This implies an action that goes against the established commandments. It highlights the active nature of sin, not just as a passive state but as a deliberate or inadvertent action that disrupts the divine order.

any of the LORD’s commandments
The "commandments" refer to the "מִצְוֹת" (mitzvot) given by God to the Israelites. These are not merely rules but divine instructions meant to guide the community in holiness and righteousness. The phrase underscores the comprehensive nature of God's law, covering all aspects of life and requiring full obedience.

even though he was unaware
This phrase addresses sins committed in ignorance, known as "שְׁגָגָה" (shegagah) in Hebrew. It reflects the understanding that ignorance does not exempt one from guilt. The ancient Israelites recognized that sin, whether intentional or unintentional, disrupts the relationship with God and requires atonement. This highlights God's justice and the need for continual awareness and education in His laws.

he is guilty
The declaration of guilt, "אָשֵׁם" (asham), signifies a legal and spiritual state of culpability. In the biblical context, guilt is not just a feeling but a condition that necessitates rectification. This phrase emphasizes the seriousness of sin and the inevitable accountability before God, reinforcing the need for a sacrificial system to address sin.

and shall bear his punishment
The Hebrew "וְנָשָׂא עֲוֹנוֹ" (venasa avono) translates to bearing the iniquity or punishment. This reflects the principle of personal responsibility for one's actions. In the sacrificial system, this often meant offering a sacrifice to atone for the sin. The phrase serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of sin and the merciful provision of God for atonement through prescribed offerings.

He is to bring to the priest
This phrase emphasizes the personal responsibility of the individual who has sinned. In the Hebrew context, the word for "bring" (הֵבִיא, hevi) implies an active, intentional action. The sinner must approach the priest, symbolizing the need for mediation between humanity and God. The priest, a representative of God, acts as an intermediary, highlighting the importance of spiritual leadership and guidance in the community.

a ram without blemish from the flock
The requirement of a "ram without blemish" underscores the necessity of offering something of value and purity to God. The Hebrew term for "without blemish" (תָּמִים, tamim) signifies completeness and perfection, reflecting God's holiness. This requirement points to the future perfect sacrifice of Jesus Christ, the Lamb of God, who was without sin. The "flock" indicates the communal aspect of worship and sacrifice, as the offering comes from the resources of the community.

according to your valuation
This phrase involves the assessment of the ram's worth, which is determined by the priest. The Hebrew word for "valuation" (עֶרְכְּךָ, erkecha) suggests a standard of measure or worth. This reflects the principle that the cost of atonement is significant and must be recognized by the one offering the sacrifice. It also implies that God values sincerity and the heart's intent over mere ritual.

as a guilt offering
The "guilt offering" (אָשָׁם, asham) is a specific type of sacrifice in the Levitical system, designed to atone for unintentional sins or sins of omission. This offering acknowledges the reality of human imperfection and the need for divine forgiveness. It points to the seriousness of sin and the necessity of restitution, foreshadowing the ultimate atonement through Christ's sacrifice.

The priest will make atonement for him
The act of making "atonement" (כִּפֶּר, kipper) involves covering or purging sin, restoring the sinner to a right relationship with God. The priest's role is crucial, as he performs the ritual that symbolizes God's forgiveness. This highlights the grace and mercy of God, who provides a means for reconciliation despite human failings.

regarding the sin he has committed in ignorance
This phrase addresses sins committed unknowingly, emphasizing that ignorance does not exempt one from guilt. The Hebrew word for "ignorance" (שְׁגָגָה, shegagah) indicates an error or mistake, underscoring the pervasive nature of sin. It serves as a reminder of the need for continual self-examination and repentance, as well as the comprehensive nature of God's law.

and he will be forgiven
The promise of forgiveness (סָלַח, salach) is a central theme in the sacrificial system. It assures the sinner of God's willingness to pardon and restore. This forgiveness is not earned but granted through the prescribed means, pointing to the grace available through faith. It foreshadows the complete forgiveness offered through Jesus Christ, who fulfills the law and offers eternal redemption.

It is a guilt offering
The term "guilt offering" in Hebrew is "אָשָׁם" (asham), which refers to a specific type of sacrifice in the Levitical system. This offering was distinct from the sin offering and was primarily concerned with making restitution for wrongs committed, particularly those involving the desecration of holy things or breaches of trust. The guilt offering underscores the seriousness of sin and the need for atonement and reconciliation with God. It highlights the principle that sin incurs a debt that must be paid, reflecting the justice and holiness of God. In the broader biblical narrative, this offering foreshadows the ultimate sacrifice of Christ, who paid the debt of sin once and for all.

he was certainly guilty
The phrase "certainly guilty" emphasizes the certainty and acknowledgment of guilt before God. The Hebrew word used here is "אָשֵׁם" (asham), which is closely related to the word for guilt offering. This repetition underscores the reality of human sinfulness and the need for confession and repentance. It is a reminder that sin is not merely a mistake or a lapse in judgment but a serious offense against a holy God. The acknowledgment of guilt is the first step toward receiving God's forgiveness and grace. This concept is foundational in the Christian faith, where confession and repentance lead to redemption through Christ.

before the LORD
The phrase "before the LORD" indicates that the guilt and the offering are not just a matter of human relationships but are ultimately about one's standing before God. The Hebrew word for "LORD" is "יְהוָה" (YHWH), the covenant name of God, which signifies His eternal, self-existent nature and His relationship with His people. This phrase reminds believers that all sin is ultimately against God, and it is before Him that we must seek forgiveness. It also reassures us of God's willingness to forgive and restore those who come to Him with a contrite heart. The presence of the LORD in this context is both a source of conviction and comfort, as it assures us of His justice and mercy.