Then
The word "Then" serves as a connective term, indicating a continuation of the narrative and instructions that have been unfolding in the preceding chapters. It suggests a sequence of divine communication and action, emphasizing the ongoing relationship between God and His chosen leader, Moses. This continuity is crucial in understanding the unfolding of God's laws and commandments to the Israelites, highlighting the structured and purposeful nature of divine revelation.

the LORD
The term "the LORD" is a translation of the Hebrew name for God, YHWH, often vocalized as Yahweh. This name is considered sacred and signifies God's eternal, self-existent nature. It is a reminder of God's covenantal relationship with Israel, as He is the same God who delivered them from Egypt and now provides them with laws to guide their community and worship. The use of this name underscores the authority and holiness of the instructions that follow.

said
The word "said" indicates direct communication from God to Moses. In the Hebrew context, this verb (אָמַר, 'amar) conveys not just speech but authoritative declaration. It reflects the divine initiative in revealing His will to humanity. This mode of communication underscores the importance of the message and the responsibility of Moses as the mediator between God and the people.

to Moses
Moses is the central human figure in the Pentateuch, chosen by God to lead the Israelites out of Egypt and to receive the Law on their behalf. His role as a prophet and leader is pivotal, as he acts as the intermediary through whom God communicates His laws and instructions. The mention of Moses here reaffirms his unique position and the trust God places in him to faithfully convey His commandments to the people. Moses' leadership and obedience are exemplary, serving as a model for faithfulness and dedication to God's will.

Tell the Israelites
This phrase indicates a direct command from God to Moses, emphasizing the importance of communication between God and His chosen people. The Hebrew root for "tell" is "dabar," which means to speak or declare. This highlights the authoritative nature of God's instructions and the responsibility of Moses as a mediator. Historically, this reflects the covenant relationship where God provides guidance and laws to His people, ensuring they live in a way that honors Him.

to do as follows
This phrase sets the stage for specific instructions, underscoring the need for obedience and precision in following God's laws. The Hebrew context implies a structured approach to worship and community life, reflecting God's desire for order and holiness among His people. It serves as a reminder that God's laws are not arbitrary but purposeful, designed for the well-being and sanctification of His people.

When someone sins unintentionally
The focus here is on unintentional sins, which in Hebrew is "chata," meaning to miss the mark. This acknowledges human fallibility and the reality that sin can occur even without deliberate intent. It reflects God's grace and understanding of human nature, providing a means for atonement and restoration. This concept is foundational in understanding the sacrificial system and foreshadows the ultimate sacrifice of Christ, who atones for all sin.

against any of the LORD’s commandments
This phrase emphasizes the comprehensive nature of God's law, covering all aspects of life. The Hebrew word for "commandments" is "mitzvot," which signifies divine orders that are binding and authoritative. It highlights the holiness of God and the expectation that His people live in accordance with His will. This serves as a reminder of the seriousness of sin and the need for vigilance in adhering to God's standards.

and does what is forbidden by them
This phrase underscores the consequences of transgressing God's commandments. The Hebrew root "asah" for "does" implies action, indicating that sin is not just a matter of thought but of deed. The term "forbidden" highlights the boundaries set by God to protect His people from harm and to maintain their covenant relationship with Him. It serves as a call to self-examination and repentance, recognizing the need for God's mercy and forgiveness.

If the anointed priest sins
The term "anointed priest" refers to the high priest, who was consecrated with holy anointing oil, signifying his sacred role as a mediator between God and the Israelites. The Hebrew word for "anointed" is "mashiach," which is also the root for "Messiah," indicating a divinely appointed role. The high priest's sin is significant because it affects not only himself but the entire community, highlighting the interconnectedness of leadership and collective responsibility in ancient Israel.

bringing guilt on the people
The phrase underscores the communal nature of sin in the Old Testament context. The Hebrew word for "guilt" is "asham," which implies a state of liability or culpability. The high priest's actions have repercussions for the entire nation, illustrating the principle that leaders bear a heavy responsibility for their conduct. This concept is echoed throughout Scripture, emphasizing the importance of righteous leadership.

he must bring to the LORD
This phrase indicates the necessity of approaching God with an offering to atone for sin. The act of bringing a sacrifice to the LORD is a demonstration of repentance and acknowledgment of God's holiness. It reflects the covenant relationship between God and His people, where atonement is required to restore fellowship.

a young bull without blemish
The requirement of a "young bull without blemish" signifies the need for a perfect and valuable sacrifice. The Hebrew word for "without blemish" is "tamim," meaning complete or whole. This requirement points to the future perfect sacrifice of Jesus Christ, who is without sin. The young bull, being a costly offering, underscores the seriousness of sin and the need for a significant atonement.

as a sin offering
The "sin offering," or "chattat" in Hebrew, is a specific type of sacrifice intended to atone for unintentional sins. This offering is distinct from other sacrifices, such as the burnt offering or peace offering, and it highlights the need for purification and reconciliation with God. The sin offering foreshadows the ultimate sacrifice of Christ, who atones for the sins of humanity.

for the sin he has committed
This phrase emphasizes personal responsibility and accountability before God. The high priest, despite his elevated position, is not exempt from the consequences of sin. This principle is a reminder of the universal need for atonement and the grace of God, who provides a means for forgiveness and restoration through sacrifice.

He must bring the bull
The Hebrew word for "bring" is "בּוֹא" (bo), which implies a deliberate action of presenting or leading. The bull, a significant and valuable animal, symbolizes strength and wealth. In ancient Israel, the bull was often used in sacrifices for atonement, representing the seriousness of sin and the costliness of forgiveness. This act of bringing the bull signifies the sinner's acknowledgment of their transgression and the need for reconciliation with God.

to the entrance of the Tent of Meeting
The "Tent of Meeting" (Hebrew: "אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד", ohel mo'ed) was the sacred space where God met with His people. Bringing the bull to the entrance signifies approaching God with reverence and humility. It underscores the importance of coming into God's presence with a contrite heart, seeking His mercy and grace. The entrance serves as a threshold between the secular and the sacred, reminding believers of the holiness required to approach God.

before the LORD
The phrase "before the LORD" (Hebrew: "לִפְנֵי יְהוָה", lifnei YHWH) emphasizes the act of sacrifice as a direct offering to God. It highlights the personal nature of repentance and atonement, as the sinner stands in the presence of the Almighty. This phrase reminds believers that all actions, especially those of repentance, are ultimately directed towards God, who sees and knows the heart.

lay his hand on the bull’s head
The act of laying hands (Hebrew: "סָמַךְ", samak) symbolizes the transfer of sin from the individual to the sacrificial animal. It is a profound gesture of identification and substitution, where the bull bears the penalty of the sinner. This act foreshadows the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, who bore the sins of humanity. It serves as a powerful reminder of the need for a mediator and the grace provided through substitutionary atonement.

and slaughter it
The Hebrew word for "slaughter" is "שָׁחַט" (shachat), indicating a ritualistic killing. This act is not merely about death but about the shedding of blood, which is essential for atonement (Hebrews 9:22). The slaughtering of the bull signifies the severity of sin and the necessity of a blood sacrifice to restore the relationship between God and man. It points to the ultimate sacrifice of Christ, whose blood was shed for the forgiveness of sins.

before the LORD
Reiterating the phrase emphasizes the solemnity and sacredness of the act. The repetition serves to remind the believer that the entire process of atonement is conducted in the presence of God, who is both just and merciful. It calls the faithful to live with an awareness of God's constant presence and to approach Him with sincerity and reverence.

Then the anointed priest
The term "anointed priest" refers to the high priest, who was consecrated with holy anointing oil as described in Exodus 29:7. The Hebrew word for "anointed" is "mashiach," which is also the root for "Messiah," indicating a divinely appointed role. The anointing signifies the priest's sanctification and empowerment to mediate between God and the people. Historically, the high priest held a significant position in Israelite society, serving as a spiritual leader and a symbol of holiness.

shall take some of the bull’s blood
Blood in the Hebrew context, "dam," is a powerful symbol of life and atonement. The act of taking the bull's blood signifies the seriousness of sin and the necessity of a life given to atone for it. In the sacrificial system, the blood represents the life of the creature, and its use in rituals underscores the gravity of sin and the cost of reconciliation with God. This foreshadows the ultimate sacrifice of Christ, whose blood was shed for the atonement of humanity's sins.

and bring it into the Tent of Meeting
The "Tent of Meeting," or "Ohel Moed" in Hebrew, was the sacred space where God met with Moses and the Israelites. It was a portable sanctuary that housed the Ark of the Covenant and served as the center of worship and divine communication during the wilderness period. Bringing the blood into this holy place signifies the act of presenting the atonement offering directly before God, emphasizing the need for divine intervention and forgiveness. This act prefigures the New Testament understanding of Christ entering the heavenly sanctuary to present His own blood for the redemption of humanity.

The priest
In the context of Leviticus, the priest serves as a mediator between God and the people of Israel. The Hebrew word for priest is "kohen," which signifies someone who is set apart for sacred duties. The role of the priest is crucial in maintaining the holiness and purity required by God. Historically, the priesthood was established through Aaron and his descendants, emphasizing the importance of lineage and divine appointment in spiritual leadership.

is to dip his finger in the blood
The act of dipping the finger in blood is a symbolic gesture of purification and atonement. Blood, in Hebrew "dam," represents life and is a powerful symbol of cleansing and sanctification. This ritual underscores the seriousness of sin and the necessity of a blood sacrifice to atone for it, foreshadowing the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, whose blood would cleanse humanity from sin.

and sprinkle it seven times
The number seven in the Bible often signifies completeness or perfection. The Hebrew word for seven is "sheva," which is related to the word "shava," meaning to swear or make an oath. This act of sprinkling the blood seven times symbolizes a complete and perfect atonement, reflecting God's covenantal promises and His desire for a restored relationship with His people.

before the LORD
The phrase "before the LORD" indicates the presence of God, who is the ultimate recipient of the sacrificial offering. In Hebrew, "YHWH" is the sacred name of God, often rendered as "LORD" in English translations. This highlights the direct interaction between the priestly actions and the divine presence, emphasizing the holiness and reverence required in worship.

in front of the veil of the sanctuary
The veil of the sanctuary, or "parokhet" in Hebrew, was a curtain that separated the Holy Place from the Most Holy Place in the tabernacle. This veil represented the barrier between a holy God and sinful humanity. The act of sprinkling blood in front of the veil signifies the need for atonement to approach God's presence. This foreshadows the tearing of the veil at Christ's crucifixion, symbolizing the removal of the barrier between God and man through Jesus' sacrifice.

The priest must apply some of the blood
In the Hebrew text, the word for "priest" is "kohen," which signifies one who serves in a sacred capacity. The priest's role was to mediate between God and the people, highlighting the necessity of a mediator in the atonement process. The application of blood symbolizes purification and atonement, as blood represents life (Leviticus 17:11). This act foreshadows the ultimate sacrifice of Christ, whose blood was shed for the remission of sins.

to the horns of the altar of fragrant incense
The "horns" of the altar were projections at each corner, symbolizing strength and power. The altar of incense, located in the Holy Place, was used for burning incense, representing the prayers of the people ascending to God (Psalm 141:2; Revelation 8:3-4). The application of blood to the horns signifies the sanctification of prayer and worship, emphasizing that true communion with God requires atonement and purification.

that is before the LORD in the Tent of Meeting
The "Tent of Meeting," or "Tabernacle," was the dwelling place of God's presence among His people. The phrase "before the LORD" indicates the direct presence of God, underscoring the holiness required to approach Him. This setting reminds believers of the reverence and purity needed in worship and the privilege of entering God's presence through Christ, our High Priest (Hebrews 4:14-16).

He must pour out the rest of the bull’s blood
The pouring out of blood signifies the complete offering of life, a total surrender to God. In the sacrificial system, the blood of the bull, representing the life of the animal, was given entirely to God. This act prefigures the total sacrifice of Jesus, who poured out His life for humanity (Philippians 2:7-8).

at the base of the altar of burnt offering
The "altar of burnt offering" was located in the courtyard of the Tabernacle and was the primary place for sacrifices. The base of the altar, where the blood was poured, signifies the foundation of atonement and reconciliation with God. This altar points to the cross, where Christ's sacrifice was made once for all (Hebrews 10:10).

at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting
The "entrance" signifies the point of access to God's presence. The location of the altar at the entrance underscores the necessity of sacrifice for entering into fellowship with God. This imagery is fulfilled in Christ, who declared Himself the "door" (John 10:9), through whom believers gain access to the Father (Ephesians 2:18).

Then he shall remove
The phrase "Then he shall remove" indicates a specific action required by the priest. In Hebrew, the word for "remove" is "heisir," which implies a careful and deliberate action. This removal is not haphazard but is done with precision, reflecting the seriousness of sin and the meticulous nature of atonement. The priest acts as an intermediary, symbolizing Christ's role as our High Priest who removes our sins with precision and care.

all the fat
The "fat" in ancient Israelite culture was considered the best part of the animal, symbolizing richness and abundance. In Hebrew, "chelev" refers to this fat, which was often reserved for God in sacrifices. The removal of all the fat signifies offering the best to God, a reminder that our offerings and lives should be dedicated wholly to Him, holding nothing back.

from the bull of the sin offering
The "bull of the sin offering" is significant in the sacrificial system. The bull, a valuable and strong animal, represents a substantial offering, indicating the gravity of sin and the costliness of atonement. The Hebrew term "chattat" for "sin offering" underscores the purpose of the sacrifice: to atone for unintentional sins, pointing to the need for purification and reconciliation with God.

the fat that covers the entrails
The "fat that covers the entrails" refers to the internal fat, which is hidden and not immediately visible. This symbolizes the hidden sins within our hearts that need to be confessed and removed. The entrails, or "kerev" in Hebrew, represent the innermost parts of a person, suggesting that God desires purity not just in outward actions but in the depths of our being.

and all the fat that is on them
This phrase emphasizes completeness in the removal process. "All the fat" indicates that nothing should be left behind, symbolizing the thoroughness with which sin must be dealt with. The comprehensive nature of this removal points to the totality of Christ's sacrifice, which covers all our sins, leaving nothing unatoned.

both kidneys
In the Hebrew text, the word for "kidneys" is "כְּלָיוֹת" (kelayot). The kidneys in ancient Hebrew culture were often seen as the seat of emotion and moral decision-making, akin to the heart in modern Western thought. Offering the kidneys in a sacrifice symbolized the surrender of one's innermost thoughts and emotions to God. This act of offering signifies a complete submission to God's will, acknowledging His sovereignty over our deepest desires and intentions.

with the fat that is on them
The Hebrew word for "fat" is "חֵלֶב" (chelev), which refers to the choicest or best part of the animal. In the sacrificial system, the fat was considered the richest part and was thus reserved for God. This symbolizes giving God the best of what we have, not just the leftovers. It is a call to prioritize God in our lives, offering Him the first and finest of our resources, time, and devotion.

near the loins
The term "loins" in Hebrew is "כְּסָלִים" (kesalim), which refers to the area of strength and procreation. This part of the sacrifice underscores the idea of offering one's strength and vitality to God. It is a reminder that our physical and creative energies should be dedicated to serving and honoring God, recognizing Him as the source of our strength and the one who sustains us.

and the lobe of the liver
The "lobe of the liver" in Hebrew is "יֹתֶרֶת הַכָּבֵד" (yoteret ha-kaved). The liver was considered a vital organ, essential for life. In the context of the sacrifice, removing the lobe of the liver signifies the offering of one's life force to God. It is an acknowledgment that our very lives belong to Him, and we are to live in a way that reflects His holiness and righteousness.

which he shall remove with the kidneys
The act of removal, "יָסִיר" (yasir), indicates a deliberate and careful separation. This careful removal signifies the intentionality required in our spiritual lives. Just as the priest meticulously separates these parts for the offering, we are called to intentionally set apart aspects of our lives for God. It is a call to holiness, urging us to examine our lives and remove anything that hinders our relationship with God.

just as the fat is removed
In the Hebrew text, the word for "fat" is "חֵלֶב" (chelev), which refers to the choicest or best part of the animal. In ancient Israelite sacrificial practices, the fat was considered the richest part and was reserved for God. This act of removing the fat symbolizes offering the best to God, a principle that resonates throughout Scripture, emphasizing the importance of giving God our first and finest in all aspects of life.

from the ox of the peace offering
The "peace offering," or "שְׁלָמִים" (shelamim) in Hebrew, was a voluntary sacrifice expressing thanksgiving and fellowship with God. The ox, a valuable and significant animal, represents a substantial offering, indicating the worshiper's deep gratitude and desire for communion with God. Historically, peace offerings were communal meals, symbolizing reconciliation and shared joy between God and His people.

Then the priest shall burn them
The role of the priest, or "כֹּהֵן" (kohen), was to mediate between God and the people. The act of burning the fat on the altar signifies the transformation of the offering into a pleasing aroma to the Lord, as described in Leviticus 3:16. This burning represents purification and dedication, illustrating the priest's duty to facilitate the people's worship and maintain the sanctity of the sacrificial system.

on the altar of burnt offering
The "altar of burnt offering," or "מִזְבֵּחַ הָעֹלָה" (mizbeach ha'olah), was central to the tabernacle and later the temple, symbolizing God's presence and the place where atonement was made. The altar was a constant reminder of the need for sacrifice and the seriousness of sin. Historically, it was constructed with specific materials and dimensions, as detailed in Exodus 27:1-8, underscoring the importance of approaching God according to His prescribed way.

But the hide of the bull
The Hebrew word for "hide" is "עֹור" (or), which refers to the skin or outer covering of the animal. In the context of Levitical sacrifices, the hide of the bull was not burned on the altar but was taken outside the camp. This act symbolizes the removal of sin from the community, as the bull represents the sin offering. The bull, a significant and valuable animal, underscores the seriousness of sin and the costliness of atonement. The hide, being the outermost layer, can also symbolize the external nature of sin that must be dealt with.

and all its flesh
The term "flesh" in Hebrew is "בָּשָׂר" (basar), which denotes the meat or body of the animal. In the sacrificial system, the flesh of the sin offering was not consumed by the priests, as was the case with other offerings. Instead, it was burned outside the camp, signifying the complete removal and destruction of sin. This act prefigures the ultimate sacrifice of Christ, who bore our sins outside the city gates, as described in Hebrews 13:11-12.

with its head and legs
The head and legs of the bull, mentioned specifically, indicate the totality of the offering. The head, representing leadership and authority, and the legs, symbolizing movement and action, together suggest that every aspect of the bull is involved in the sin offering. This comprehensive inclusion highlights the thoroughness required in dealing with sin, leaving no part untouched or unaddressed.

and its entrails
The Hebrew word for "entrails" is "קֶרֶב" (qereb), referring to the inner parts or organs. In the sacrificial context, the entrails often symbolize the innermost thoughts and intentions of a person. By including the entrails in the sin offering, the text emphasizes that atonement must reach the deepest parts of our being, purifying not just outward actions but also internal motives and desires.

and dung
The mention of "dung" (Hebrew: "פֶּרֶשׁ" peresh) underscores the impurity associated with sin. Dung, being waste material, represents the defilement and uncleanness that sin brings into the community. Its removal and burning outside the camp signify the need for purification and the complete eradication of sin's defiling effects. This act serves as a powerful reminder of the holiness required by God and the lengths to which He goes to cleanse His people.

all the rest of the bull
This phrase refers to the remains of the sacrificial bull after the fat and certain organs have been removed for the offering. In the Hebrew context, the word for "rest" (שְׁאָר, she'ar) implies what is left over or remaining. The bull, a significant and valuable animal, symbolizes the weight of sin and the cost of atonement. The sacrificial system underscores the seriousness of sin and the need for a substitute to bear the penalty.

he must bring
The Hebrew verb used here (יָצָא, yatsa) conveys a sense of intentional action and obedience. The priest is required to carry out this task, emphasizing the importance of following God's instructions precisely. This act of bringing the remains signifies the removal of sin from the community, illustrating the separation between holiness and impurity.

to a ceremonially clean place
The Hebrew term for "clean" (טָהוֹר, tahor) denotes purity and suitability for sacred purposes. The requirement for a clean place highlights the need for maintaining holiness even in the disposal of sacrificial remains. This reflects God's nature as holy and the call for His people to be set apart.

outside the camp
This phrase indicates a location beyond the boundaries of the Israelite community. In the ancient Near Eastern context, the camp represented the dwelling place of God's people, and anything unclean or associated with sin was to be removed from it. This act symbolizes the expulsion of sin and impurity, pointing to the ultimate sacrifice of Christ, who suffered outside the city gates (Hebrews 13:12).

to the ash heap
The ash heap, or "place of ashes" (מִדְבַּר, midbar), was a designated area for disposing of the remains of sacrifices. This site, often a desolate place, underscores the finality of the sin offering. The ashes represent the complete consumption of the sacrifice, signifying the total eradication of sin.

and burn it on a wood fire
The burning of the remains on a wood fire (עֵץ, etz) signifies the complete destruction of the sin offering. Fire, in biblical symbolism, often represents God's judgment and purification. This act of burning outside the camp serves as a vivid reminder of the consuming nature of God's holiness and the thoroughness of His cleansing.

it shall be burned on the ash heap
The repetition of the burning process emphasizes the thoroughness required in dealing with sin. The Hebrew verb for "burned" (שָׂרַף, saraph) indicates a complete and consuming fire. This final act of burning on the ash heap reinforces the idea of sin being fully dealt with and removed from the presence of God and His people.

Now if the whole congregation of Israel
The phrase "whole congregation of Israel" refers to the collective body of the Israelites, God's chosen people. In Hebrew, "congregation" is "עֵדָה" (edah), which implies a gathering or assembly. This highlights the communal aspect of Israel's identity and their collective responsibility before God. Historically, Israel was not just a collection of individuals but a covenant community bound together by their relationship with Yahweh. This communal identity is crucial in understanding the corporate nature of sin and repentance in the Old Testament.

sins unintentionally
The Hebrew word for "sins" is "חָטָא" (chata), which means to miss the mark or to err. "Unintentionally" is "בִּשְׁגָגָה" (bishgagah), indicating an error made without intent or knowledge. This distinction is important because it differentiates between willful disobedience and inadvertent transgression. In the ancient Near Eastern context, unintentional sins still required atonement, underscoring the holiness of God and the pervasive nature of sin.

and the matter escapes the notice of the assembly
The phrase "escapes the notice" suggests a lack of awareness or oversight by the community. In Hebrew, "escapes" is "נֶעְלַם" (ne'lam), meaning hidden or concealed. This implies that the sin was not recognized or acknowledged by the people. The "assembly" (קָהָל, qahal) refers to the gathered community, emphasizing the role of communal discernment and accountability in maintaining covenant faithfulness.

so that they violate any of the LORD’s commandments
"Violate" in Hebrew is "עָשָׂה" (asah), meaning to do or to act. This indicates an action contrary to God's law. "The LORD’s commandments" refers to the divine instructions given to Israel, encapsulated in the Torah. These commandments were not merely legalistic rules but expressions of God's character and will for His people. Violating them, even unintentionally, disrupted the covenant relationship.

and incur guilt by doing what is forbidden
The term "incur guilt" is derived from the Hebrew "אָשֵׁם" (asham), which conveys the idea of bearing responsibility for wrongdoing. "Doing what is forbidden" highlights the seriousness of transgressing God's law. In the ancient Israelite sacrificial system, guilt required atonement through prescribed offerings, pointing to the need for reconciliation with God. This underscores the gravity of sin and the necessity of divine forgiveness, foreshadowing the ultimate atonement through Christ.

When the sin they have committed becomes known
This phrase highlights the moment of realization and acknowledgment of sin within the community. The Hebrew word for "sin" here is "חַטָּאָה" (chatta'ah), which refers to an offense or a missing of the mark. In the context of ancient Israel, sin was not just a personal failing but a communal issue that affected the entire assembly. The phrase underscores the importance of awareness and confession in the process of atonement. Historically, this reflects the communal nature of Israelite society, where the actions of individuals could impact the whole community.

the assembly
The term "assembly" refers to the congregation of Israel, the collective body of God's chosen people. In Hebrew, this is "עֵדָה" (edah), which signifies a gathering or congregation. This highlights the corporate responsibility and unity of the people in their relationship with God. The assembly's involvement in the sin offering process emphasizes the communal aspect of worship and repentance, reminding us that faith is not just an individual journey but a shared experience within the body of believers.

must present a young bull
The "young bull" is significant as it was considered a valuable and substantial offering. The Hebrew word for "bull" is "פַּר" (par), which denotes a young, strong male bovine. This choice of sacrifice reflects the seriousness of the sin and the costliness of atonement. In the ancient Near Eastern context, bulls were often associated with strength and fertility, making them a fitting symbol for a powerful act of reconciliation with God. The requirement of a valuable offering underscores the principle that atonement requires sacrifice and that reconciliation with God is a matter of great importance.

as a sin offering
The "sin offering" is a specific type of sacrifice in the Levitical system, known in Hebrew as "חַטָּאת" (chatta't). This offering was designed to atone for unintentional sins and restore the sinner to a right relationship with God. The sin offering is a profound foreshadowing of the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, who, as the Lamb of God, takes away the sin of the world. This sacrificial system points to the necessity of atonement and the provision of grace through a substitute, a theme that is central to the Christian understanding of salvation.

and bring it before the Tent of Meeting
The "Tent of Meeting," or "אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד" (ohel mo'ed) in Hebrew, was the sacred space where God met with His people. Bringing the offering before the Tent of Meeting signifies approaching God with humility and reverence. This act of bringing the sacrifice to a designated holy place underscores the importance of approaching God on His terms and through the means He has provided. The Tent of Meeting served as a precursor to the Temple and ultimately points to the presence of God with His people, fulfilled in the person of Jesus Christ, who is Emmanuel, "God with us." This phrase reminds believers of the privilege and responsibility of coming before God with a contrite heart, seeking His forgiveness and grace.

Then the elders of the congregation
In ancient Israel, the "elders" were respected leaders and representatives of the people, often tasked with making decisions and guiding the community. The Hebrew word for "elders" is "זְקֵנִים" (zeqenim), which implies wisdom and maturity. This phrase underscores the communal responsibility and the role of leadership in spiritual matters. The elders' involvement signifies that the sin offering is not just an individual act but a corporate acknowledgment of sin and a collective step towards atonement.

shall lay their hands
The act of laying hands, "סָמַךְ" (samach) in Hebrew, symbolizes the transfer of guilt from the people to the sacrificial animal. This ritual act is deeply significant, representing identification with the sacrifice and the acknowledgment of sin. It is a physical manifestation of repentance and the need for atonement, highlighting the seriousness with which sin is regarded in the community.

on the head of the bull
The "head of the bull" is the focal point of the transfer of sin. The bull, a valuable and significant animal, represents a substantial offering, indicating the gravity of sin and the costliness of atonement. In the ancient Near Eastern context, bulls were often associated with strength and fertility, making them a fitting symbol for a powerful act of atonement.

before the LORD
This phrase, "לִפְנֵי יְהוָה" (lifnei Yahweh), emphasizes the presence of God in the sacrificial process. The act is not merely a ritual but a sacred duty performed in the sight of God, who is the ultimate judge and redeemer. It underscores the belief that all actions, especially those concerning sin and atonement, are conducted under divine scrutiny and authority.

and it shall be slaughtered
The Hebrew word "שָׁחַט" (shachat) means to slaughter or kill, indicating the seriousness of the act. The slaughtering of the bull is a vivid reminder of the consequences of sin, which is death. This act prefigures the ultimate sacrifice of Christ, who, as the Lamb of God, was slain for the sins of the world, fulfilling the sacrificial system's requirements once and for all.

before the LORD
Reiterating the phrase "before the LORD" emphasizes the sacredness and solemnity of the sacrifice. It is a reminder that the entire process of atonement is conducted in the presence of God, who is both just and merciful. This repetition serves to reinforce the idea that true repentance and atonement are always directed towards God, acknowledging His sovereignty and grace.

Then the anointed priest
The term "anointed priest" refers to the high priest, who was consecrated and set apart for sacred duties. The Hebrew word for "anointed" is "mashiach," which is also the root for "Messiah." This highlights the priest's role as a mediator between God and the people, foreshadowing the ultimate High Priest, Jesus Christ, in the New Testament. The anointing signifies the priest's divine appointment and empowerment to perform holy tasks, emphasizing the importance of purity and dedication in service to God.

is to bring
This phrase indicates a command, not a suggestion, underscoring the seriousness of the priest's duty. The Hebrew verb "bo" (to bring) implies an action that is deliberate and purposeful. The priest's role in bringing the blood is a critical part of the atonement process, symbolizing the necessity of obedience in the sacrificial system established by God.

some of the bull’s blood
Blood, in the Hebrew context, is synonymous with life (Leviticus 17:11). The bull's blood represents the life given as a substitute for the sinner, pointing to the gravity of sin and the cost of atonement. The use of a bull, a valuable and significant animal, underscores the seriousness of the sin offering. This prefigures the ultimate sacrifice of Christ, whose blood was shed for the remission of sins.

into the Tent of Meeting
The Tent of Meeting, or Tabernacle, was the sacred space where God met with His people. It was a portable sanctuary that accompanied the Israelites during their wilderness journey. Bringing the blood into this holy place signifies the act of bringing the atonement directly into God's presence. This action symbolizes the need for reconciliation with God and the restoration of fellowship, which is central to the covenant relationship between God and His people. The Tent of Meeting serves as a precursor to the temple and ultimately to the believer's body as the temple of the Holy Spirit in the New Testament.

Then the priest
The role of the priest in ancient Israel was central to the spiritual life of the community. The Hebrew word for priest, "kohen," signifies one who is set apart to perform sacred duties. The priest acted as a mediator between God and the people, highlighting the necessity of a holy intermediary in the process of atonement. This foreshadows the ultimate High Priest, Jesus Christ, who mediates the new covenant.

is to dip his finger in the blood
The act of dipping the finger in blood is rich with symbolism. Blood, in Hebrew "dam," represents life and is a powerful symbol of atonement and purification. The priest's action signifies the transference of sin and the need for cleansing. This prefigures the shedding of Christ's blood, which provides the ultimate purification for sin.

and sprinkle it seven times
The number seven in the Bible often symbolizes completeness or perfection. The Hebrew word "sheva" is related to the word for oath or promise, indicating a divine completeness in the act. Sprinkling the blood seven times signifies a complete and perfect atonement, pointing to the sufficiency of Christ's sacrifice.

before the LORD
This phrase emphasizes the presence of God, "YHWH," in the sanctuary. The act of sprinkling the blood is not just a ritual but a presentation before the holy and living God. It underscores the seriousness of sin and the necessity of divine forgiveness, reminding believers of the reverence due to God.

in front of the veil of the sanctuary
The veil, or "paroketh" in Hebrew, separated the Holy Place from the Most Holy Place in the tabernacle. It represented the barrier between a holy God and sinful humanity. The sprinkling of blood in front of the veil signifies the need for atonement to approach God. This foreshadows the tearing of the veil at Christ's crucifixion, symbolizing direct access to God through Jesus.

He is to apply some of the blood
The phrase "He is to apply some of the blood" refers to the priest's role in the sacrificial system. The Hebrew word for "apply" is "natan," which means to give or place. This action signifies the priest's duty to mediate between God and the people, symbolizing the transfer of sin from the sinner to the sacrifice. Blood, representing life (Leviticus 17:11), is a crucial element in atonement, emphasizing the seriousness of sin and the need for purification.

to the horns of the altar
The "horns of the altar" were projections on each corner of the altar, symbolizing strength and power. In ancient Near Eastern culture, horns often represented authority and refuge. By applying blood to the horns, the priest consecrates the altar, signifying that the power of God is involved in the atonement process. This act underscores the belief that forgiveness and cleansing come through divine intervention.

that is before the LORD
The phrase "that is before the LORD" indicates the altar's location in the Tent of Meeting, where God's presence dwelt among the Israelites. The Hebrew word "panim" (before) suggests being in the presence or face of God. This highlights the sacredness of the act, as it is performed directly in God's presence, reinforcing the idea that atonement is a divine ordinance.

in the Tent of Meeting
The "Tent of Meeting" was the portable sanctuary where God met with Moses and the Israelites. It served as the central place of worship and sacrifice during their wilderness journey. This setting emphasizes the communal aspect of worship and the importance of having a designated holy space for encountering God, reflecting the need for order and reverence in worship practices.

The rest of the blood he is to pour out
"Pour out" translates from the Hebrew "shaphak," meaning to spill or shed. This action of pouring out the remaining blood at the base of the altar signifies the complete offering of life to God. It symbolizes the total surrender and dedication required in the sacrificial system, pointing to the ultimate sacrifice of Christ, who poured out His life for humanity's redemption.

at the base of the altar of burnt offering
The "base of the altar of burnt offering" refers to the foundational part of the altar where sacrifices were made. This altar was central to Israel's worship, representing the place where offerings were consumed by fire, symbolizing God's acceptance. The base signifies the grounding of the sacrificial act, ensuring that the offering is wholly given to God, foreshadowing the complete and perfect sacrifice of Jesus.

at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting
The "entrance to the Tent of Meeting" marks the threshold between the common and the sacred. It is a place of transition where the people could approach God through the priestly mediation. This location underscores the accessibility of God to His people while maintaining the necessary boundaries of holiness, reminding believers of the privilege and responsibility of approaching God through Christ, our High Priest.

He shall remove
This phrase indicates a specific action required by the priest, emphasizing the meticulous nature of the sacrificial process. In Hebrew, the word for "remove" is "heisir," which implies a careful separation. This action symbolizes the removal of sin, as the fat represents the best part of the offering, dedicated wholly to God. The priest's role here is crucial, serving as a mediator between the people and God, highlighting the importance of purity and obedience in worship.

all the fat
In ancient Israelite culture, fat was considered the choicest part of the animal, symbolizing abundance and richness. The Hebrew word "chelev" refers to this fat, which was to be offered exclusively to God. This act of offering the best to God reflects the principle of giving God the first and finest of what we have, a theme that resonates throughout Scripture. It underscores the idea that God deserves our utmost devotion and the best of our resources.

from it
This phrase specifies that the fat is to be taken from the sacrificial animal, indicating a precise and intentional act. The sacrificial system was not arbitrary but was designed with specific instructions to teach the Israelites about holiness and the seriousness of sin. The removal of fat "from it" signifies the separation of what is sacred from the common, a recurring theme in Levitical law.

and burn it
The act of burning the fat on the altar is significant in the sacrificial ritual. The Hebrew word "hiktir" means to offer up in smoke, symbolizing the ascent of the offering to God. This burning represents the complete surrender and dedication of the offering to the Lord. It serves as a reminder of the consuming nature of God's holiness and the need for atonement through sacrifice.

on the altar
The altar, or "mizbeach" in Hebrew, is the sacred place where sacrifices were made. It represents the meeting point between God and man, a place of atonement and reconciliation. The altar's central role in the sacrificial system highlights the necessity of a mediator and the shedding of blood for the forgiveness of sins. In a broader theological context, it foreshadows the ultimate sacrifice of Christ, who offered Himself on the altar of the cross for the sins of humanity.

He shall offer this bull
The phrase "He shall offer this bull" refers to the specific instructions given to the priest regarding the sacrificial system established by God for the Israelites. The Hebrew word for "offer" is "qarab," which means to bring near or present. This act of offering signifies the approach of the sinner to God through the mediation of the priest. The bull, a valuable and significant animal, represents the seriousness of sin and the costliness of atonement. In the ancient Near Eastern context, bulls were often used in religious rituals, symbolizing strength and vitality. The offering of a bull underscores the gravity of sin and the need for a substantial sacrifice to restore the relationship between God and His people.

just as he did the bull of the sin offering
This phrase emphasizes the consistency and precision required in the sacrificial rituals. The "bull of the sin offering" refers to a specific type of sacrifice outlined earlier in Leviticus, which was intended to atone for unintentional sins of the community or the high priest. The Hebrew term for "sin offering" is "chattat," which denotes purification from sin. The repetition of the ritual highlights the importance of following God's commands exactly as prescribed, reflecting His holiness and the need for order in worship. Historically, this meticulous approach to sacrifice served to teach the Israelites about the seriousness of sin and the necessity of obedience to God's law.

In this way the priest will make atonement for them
The role of the priest is central in this phrase, as he acts as the mediator between God and the people. The Hebrew word for "atonement" is "kaphar," which means to cover or to make reconciliation. The priest's actions symbolize the covering of sin, allowing the people to be reconciled with God. This concept of atonement is foundational in the Old Testament, foreshadowing the ultimate atonement made by Jesus Christ. The priest's intercession points to the need for a mediator, a role perfectly fulfilled by Christ in the New Testament. The historical context of the priesthood in Israel underscores the importance of having a dedicated and consecrated individual to perform these sacred duties.

and they will be forgiven
The promise of forgiveness is the culmination of the sacrificial process. The Hebrew word for "forgiven" is "salach," which conveys the idea of pardon or sparing. This assurance of forgiveness reflects God's mercy and grace towards His people, despite their transgressions. In the broader scriptural context, forgiveness is a recurring theme, highlighting God's desire for a restored relationship with humanity. The sacrificial system, with its promise of forgiveness, points forward to the New Covenant, where forgiveness is fully realized through the sacrifice of Jesus. This phrase offers hope and assurance to believers, reminding them of God's willingness to forgive and restore those who come to Him in repentance.

Then he is to take the bull
The phrase "he is to take the bull" refers to the priest's role in the sacrificial system. The Hebrew word for "bull" is "par," which signifies a young bull or steer, often used in significant sacrifices. The bull represents strength and vitality, symbolizing the seriousness of sin and the need for a substantial offering to atone for the community's transgressions. This act underscores the priest's mediatory role between God and the people, highlighting the importance of leadership in spiritual matters.

outside the camp
The instruction to take the bull "outside the camp" is significant in the context of ancient Israelite society. The camp represents the community of God's people, and taking the sacrifice outside signifies the removal of sin from the community. This act prefigures the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, who was crucified outside the city walls of Jerusalem, bearing the sins of humanity. Theologically, it emphasizes the separation that sin causes between God and His people and the need for purification.

and burn it
The burning of the bull is a critical component of the sin offering. The Hebrew word "saraph" means to burn or consume with fire. Fire in the Bible often symbolizes God's holiness and judgment. The complete burning of the bull signifies the total consumption of sin, illustrating God's desire for the complete eradication of sin from His people. It is a vivid reminder of the cost of sin and the necessity of atonement.

just as he burned the first bull
This phrase refers back to the earlier instructions for the sin offering, ensuring consistency in the sacrificial process. The repetition of the ritual underscores the seriousness of sin and the need for a consistent approach to atonement. It also highlights the importance of obedience to God's commands, as the precise execution of the ritual reflects the Israelites' commitment to God's covenant.

It is the sin offering
The term "sin offering" in Hebrew is "chattat," which denotes an offering made specifically for atonement of sin. This offering is distinct from other sacrifices, such as burnt offerings or peace offerings, as it directly addresses the issue of sin and its consequences. The sin offering is a powerful reminder of humanity's fallen nature and the need for divine intervention to restore the relationship between God and His people.

for the assembly
The phrase "for the assembly" indicates that this sin offering is made on behalf of the entire community of Israel. The Hebrew word "qahal" refers to the congregation or assembly of God's people. This communal aspect of the sin offering highlights the corporate nature of sin and the collective responsibility of the community to seek atonement. It serves as a reminder of the interconnectedness of God's people and the impact of individual and collective sin on the community's relationship with God.

When a leader
The Hebrew word for "leader" here is "נָשִׂיא" (nasi), which refers to a prince, chief, or ruler. In the context of ancient Israel, this term would apply to someone with significant authority and responsibility within the community. The role of a leader is crucial, as they are expected to guide the people in accordance with God's laws. This highlights the importance of accountability among those in positions of power, reminding us that leadership is not just about authority but also about serving and guiding others in righteousness.

sins unintentionally
The Hebrew word for "sins" is "חָטָא" (chata), which means to miss the mark or to err. The addition of "unintentionally" (בִּשְׁגָגָה, bishgagah) indicates that the sin was not committed with deliberate intent. This distinction is vital in understanding the nature of sin and the human condition. Even leaders, who are expected to be exemplary, can fall short. This serves as a reminder of the pervasive nature of sin and the need for vigilance and humility in our walk with God.

and does what is forbidden
The phrase "does what is forbidden" refers to actions that are against God's commandments. The Hebrew root here is "אָסַר" (asar), meaning to bind or prohibit. This underscores the concept of divine law as a binding covenant between God and His people. Leaders are expected to uphold these laws, and any deviation, even unintentional, requires correction. This reflects the holiness of God and the seriousness with which His commandments are to be regarded.

in any of the commands of the LORD his God
The "commands of the LORD" are the divine instructions given to the Israelites, encapsulated in the Torah. The use of "his God" personalizes the relationship between the leader and God, emphasizing that these are not just abstract rules but commands from a personal deity who desires a covenant relationship with His people. This phrase calls leaders to a higher standard of obedience and reverence for God's law, recognizing that their actions have spiritual implications.

he incurs guilt
The Hebrew word for "guilt" is "אָשֵׁם" (asham), which implies a state of liability or culpability. This indicates that even unintentional sins have consequences and require atonement. The concept of guilt here is not just a legal status but a spiritual condition that affects one's relationship with God. It serves as a sobering reminder of the need for repentance and the provision of atonement through the sacrificial system, which ultimately points to the perfect atonement found in Jesus Christ.

and the sin he has committed becomes known
This phrase highlights the moment of realization or revelation of sin. In the Hebrew context, the word for "sin" is "חַטָּאת" (chatta'ah), which implies a missing of the mark or a failure to meet God's standards. The phrase "becomes known" suggests a transition from ignorance to awareness, emphasizing the importance of confession and acknowledgment in the process of atonement. Historically, this reflects the communal and personal responsibility in ancient Israel to maintain purity and righteousness before God.

he must bring
The requirement to "bring" signifies an active response to sin. The Hebrew verb "בּוֹא" (bo) implies movement towards a goal or destination, in this case, the altar of sacrifice. This action underscores the necessity of personal involvement in the process of repentance and reconciliation with God. It is not enough to merely recognize sin; one must take deliberate steps to address it.

an unblemished male goat
The specification of an "unblemished" offering is crucial. The Hebrew word "תָּמִים" (tamim) means complete, whole, or without defect. This requirement symbolizes the perfection and holiness that God demands. The "male goat" (Hebrew: "שָׂעִיר" sa'ir) was a common sacrificial animal, representing strength and vitality. In the broader scriptural context, this points to the ultimate sacrifice of Christ, who was without blemish, fulfilling the law's requirements once and for all.

as his offering
The term "offering" in Hebrew is "קָרְבָּן" (korban), which comes from the root "קָרַב" (qarab), meaning to draw near. This highlights the purpose of the sacrifice: to restore fellowship between the sinner and God. The offering serves as a tangible expression of repentance and a means to bridge the gap caused by sin. In the historical and scriptural context, offerings were central to the worship and religious life of Israel, pointing forward to the ultimate reconciliation through Jesus Christ.

He is to lay his hand on the head of the goat
This act of laying hands is deeply symbolic, representing the transfer of the individual's sin to the animal. The Hebrew word for "lay" is "samakh," which implies a firm pressing, indicating the seriousness of the act. This ritual signifies identification with the sacrifice, acknowledging personal sin and the need for atonement. Historically, this practice underscores the gravity of sin and the necessity of a substitute to bear the penalty, foreshadowing the ultimate sacrifice of Christ.

and slaughter it
The Hebrew word for "slaughter" is "shachat," which means to kill or butcher. This act is not merely a ritualistic formality but a vivid reminder of the cost of sin. The life of the animal is given in place of the sinner, pointing to the sacrificial system's role in maintaining a relationship with God. It prefigures the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus, who was slaughtered for our transgressions, fulfilling the law's demands once and for all.

in the place where the burnt offering is slaughtered
This phrase indicates the specific location within the tabernacle or temple where sacrifices were made. The burnt offering, or "olah" in Hebrew, was a symbol of complete surrender to God. By slaughtering the sin offering in the same place, it emphasizes the connection between atonement and dedication to God. Archaeological findings suggest that these designated areas were meticulously maintained, highlighting the sacredness of the sacrificial process.

before the LORD
The phrase "before the LORD" signifies that the act is done in the presence of God, acknowledging His holiness and the need for reconciliation. The Hebrew term "lifnei YHWH" implies a direct encounter with the divine, reminding the Israelites that their actions are observed by God. This awareness of God's presence is a call to live righteously and seek His forgiveness earnestly.

It is a sin offering
The term "sin offering" comes from the Hebrew "chatat," which means to purify or make amends. This offering was specifically for unintentional sins, highlighting God's provision for human frailty. The sin offering underscores the seriousness of sin and the necessity of purification to maintain fellowship with God. In the New Testament, this concept is fulfilled in Christ, who is our sin offering, cleansing us from all unrighteousness and restoring us to a right relationship with God.

Then the priest
The role of the priest in ancient Israel was central to the spiritual life of the community. The Hebrew word for priest, "kohen," signifies one who is set apart to perform sacred duties. The priest acted as a mediator between God and the people, highlighting the necessity of a divinely appointed intermediary in the process of atonement. This foreshadows the ultimate High Priest, Jesus Christ, who mediates the new covenant.

is to take some of the blood
Blood in the Hebrew context, "dam," is symbolic of life itself (Leviticus 17:11). The act of taking blood signifies the transfer of life and the seriousness of sin, which requires a life to be given. This prefigures the sacrificial death of Christ, whose blood was shed for the remission of sins.

of the sin offering
The sin offering, or "chatat" in Hebrew, was a sacrifice specifically for unintentional sins. It underscores the holiness of God and the pervasive nature of sin, which separates humanity from God. The sin offering points to the need for purification and reconciliation, ultimately fulfilled in Christ's atoning work.

with his finger
The use of the priest's finger to apply the blood is a personal and deliberate act, emphasizing the intimate involvement of the priest in the atonement process. This act signifies the careful and intentional application of the sacrificial blood, mirroring the personal nature of Christ's sacrifice for each believer.

put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering
The altar of burnt offering, or "mizbeach," was central to Israelite worship. The horns of the altar, projecting from its corners, symbolized strength and salvation. By applying blood to the horns, the priest consecrated the altar, signifying the power of the sacrifice to atone for sin. This act foreshadows the cross, where Christ's sacrifice provides strength and salvation.

and pour out the rest of the blood at the base of the altar of burnt offering
Pouring out the blood at the base of the altar signifies the complete offering of life to God. It represents the total surrender and dedication required in the atonement process. This act prefigures Christ's complete and perfect sacrifice, poured out for the salvation of humanity. The base of the altar, being the foundation, symbolizes the foundational nature of Christ's sacrifice in the believer's life.

He shall burn all the fat on the altar
The phrase "He shall burn all the fat on the altar" refers to the specific ritual act of burning the fat portions of the sacrificial animal. In Hebrew, the word for "burn" is "קָטַר" (qatar), which means to offer up in smoke. This act symbolizes the complete dedication of the offering to God. The "fat" represents the best part of the animal, signifying that the best should be given to God. The "altar" is the place of sacrifice, a sacred space where the divine and human meet. Historically, altars were central to worship in ancient Israel, serving as a tangible point of contact with God.

as he burned the fat of the peace offering
This phrase draws a parallel between the sin offering and the peace offering, both of which involve the burning of fat. The peace offering, or "שֶׁלֶם" (shelem) in Hebrew, was a voluntary act of worship, thanksgiving, or vow fulfillment. By comparing the sin offering to the peace offering, the text emphasizes the continuity and consistency in the sacrificial system. It highlights the importance of following God's instructions precisely, as each offering had its own significance and purpose within the covenant relationship.

In this way the priest will make atonement
The role of the priest is crucial in the sacrificial system. The Hebrew word for "atonement" is "כָּפַר" (kaphar), meaning to cover or to reconcile. The priest acts as a mediator between God and the people, performing the ritual that restores the relationship between the sinner and God. This act of atonement is not just a ritualistic practice but a profound spiritual transaction that points to the need for reconciliation with God.

for that man’s sin
The phrase "for that man’s sin" personalizes the act of atonement. It acknowledges individual responsibility and the personal nature of sin. In Hebrew, "sin" is "חַטָּאת" (chatta'ah), which conveys the idea of missing the mark or falling short of God's standards. This highlights the universal human condition of sinfulness and the need for divine forgiveness.

and he will be forgiven
The promise "and he will be forgiven" is a powerful assurance of God's mercy and grace. The Hebrew word for "forgiven" is "סָלַח" (salach), which means to pardon or spare. This forgiveness is not earned by the act of sacrifice itself but is a gift from God, granted through the prescribed means. It underscores the theme of redemption and the hope of restoration, pointing forward to the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, who provides complete and final atonement for sin. This assurance of forgiveness is central to the message of the Gospel, offering hope and peace to believers.

And if one of the common people
The phrase "common people" refers to the ordinary Israelites, distinct from priests or leaders. In Hebrew, the term used is "ʿam ha'aretz," which literally means "people of the land." This highlights the inclusivity of God's laws, emphasizing that divine commandments apply to everyone, regardless of social status. Historically, this underscores the communal nature of Israelite society, where each individual's actions could impact the community's holiness.

sins unintentionally
The Hebrew word for "sins" is "chata," which means to miss the mark or to err. The concept of unintentional sin, "bišgāgâ," reflects the understanding that humans are fallible and can err without malicious intent. This provision in the law shows God's grace and understanding of human nature, offering a path for reconciliation even when the sin is not deliberate. It underscores the importance of awareness and repentance in maintaining a right relationship with God.

by violating one of the LORD’s commandments
The term "violating" comes from the Hebrew "ʿābar," meaning to transgress or pass over. This indicates a breach of the divine covenant. The "LORD’s commandments" are the mitzvot given to Israel, which are not merely rules but expressions of God's will and character. This phrase reminds believers of the sacredness of God's law and the need for vigilance in observing it.

and incurs guilt
The Hebrew word for "guilt" is "ʾāšām," which implies a state of liability or responsibility for wrongdoing. This concept is crucial in the sacrificial system, where acknowledging guilt is the first step towards atonement. It reflects the biblical principle that sin has consequences, and recognizing one's guilt is essential for seeking forgiveness and restoration.

by doing what is forbidden
The phrase "doing what is forbidden" translates from the Hebrew "ʿāśâ," meaning to act or to do, and "mimmēṣwōt," referring to the commandments. This highlights the active nature of sin, where one engages in actions contrary to God's instructions. It serves as a reminder of the importance of obedience and the need to align one's actions with divine will.

When someone sins
The Hebrew word for "sins" here is "חָטָא" (chata), which means to miss the mark or to err. In the context of Leviticus, sin is not just a moral failing but a breach of the covenant relationship with God. This phrase underscores the universality of sin, acknowledging that all people are prone to error and in need of atonement. It reflects the human condition and the need for divine grace and forgiveness.

and becomes aware
The phrase "becomes aware" is translated from the Hebrew "נוֹדַע" (nodah), which implies a realization or coming to knowledge. This suggests that sin is not always immediately apparent to the sinner, highlighting the importance of self-examination and the role of the community in bringing awareness. It also points to the mercy of God, who provides a way for reconciliation once the sin is recognized.

of the sin he has committed
This phrase emphasizes personal responsibility. The Hebrew word for "committed" is "עָשָׂה" (asah), meaning to do or make. It indicates that sin is an action for which the individual is accountable. This accountability is crucial in the process of repentance and restoration, as it requires acknowledgment of one's actions before God.

he must bring
The requirement to "bring" an offering is a directive that involves active participation in the process of atonement. The Hebrew verb "בּוֹא" (bo) means to come or bring, signifying an approach to God. This act of bringing an offering is a physical demonstration of repentance and a desire to restore the broken relationship with God.

as his offering
The term "offering" is derived from the Hebrew "קָרְבָּן" (korban), which means something brought near. Offerings in Leviticus are not just about appeasement but about drawing near to God. This reflects the heart of worship and the desire for communion with the divine, emphasizing that offerings are a means to restore fellowship with God.

a female goat
The specification of "a female goat" (Hebrew: "שְׂעִירַת עִזִּים" - se'irat izzim) is significant in the sacrificial system. Female goats were considered valuable, and their use in offerings underscores the costliness of atonement. This points to the seriousness of sin and the need for a worthy sacrifice, foreshadowing the ultimate sacrifice of Christ.

without blemish
The requirement for the goat to be "without blemish" (Hebrew: "תָּמִים" - tamim) signifies purity and perfection. This reflects God's holiness and the standard required for atonement. It also prefigures the sinless nature of Christ, the perfect Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world.

for the sin he has committed
Reiterating the personal nature of sin, this phrase emphasizes the need for individual atonement. The repetition of "sin he has committed" serves as a reminder of the gravity of sin and the necessity of addressing it directly. It highlights the personal relationship between the sinner and God, and the need for personal repentance and reconciliation.

He is to lay his hand
The act of laying one's hand on the head of the sin offering is deeply symbolic, representing the transfer of sin from the individual to the animal. In Hebrew, the word for "lay" is "samakh," which implies support or leaning upon. This gesture signifies identification with the offering, acknowledging personal sin and the need for atonement. It is a profound act of confession and repentance, emphasizing the personal responsibility of the sinner in seeking reconciliation with God.

on the head of the sin offering
The "head" of the sin offering is significant as it represents the entirety of the animal. The Hebrew word "rosh" for head often denotes leadership or the beginning, symbolizing that the offering is taking the place of the sinner. The "sin offering," or "chattat" in Hebrew, is a specific type of sacrifice meant to atone for unintentional sins. This offering underscores the holiness of God and the seriousness of sin, reminding the Israelites of their need for purity and the provision God has made for their redemption.

and slaughter it
The act of slaughtering the sin offering is a vivid reminder of the cost of sin. The Hebrew word "shachat" means to kill or slaughter, and it is a solemn act performed by the sinner, not the priest. This personal involvement in the sacrifice highlights the gravity of sin and the necessity of a substitute to bear the penalty. It foreshadows the ultimate sacrifice of Christ, who would bear the sins of humanity.

at the place of the burnt offering
The "place of the burnt offering" refers to the altar in the Tabernacle where sacrifices were made. This location is significant because the burnt offering, or "olah" in Hebrew, was a symbol of complete surrender to God. By slaughtering the sin offering at this place, it connects the act of atonement with the idea of total dedication and worship. It serves as a reminder that forgiveness and reconciliation with God require not only the removal of sin but also a life wholly devoted to Him.

Then the priest
The role of the priest in ancient Israel was central to the spiritual life of the community. The Hebrew word for priest, "kohen," signifies one who is set apart to perform sacred duties. Priests acted as mediators between God and the people, emphasizing the necessity of a divinely appointed intermediary in the process of atonement. This foreshadows the ultimate High Priest, Jesus Christ, who mediates the new covenant.

is to take some of its blood
Blood in the Hebrew context, "dam," is symbolic of life itself (Leviticus 17:11). The act of taking blood signifies the transfer of life and the seriousness of sin, which requires a life to be given. This prefigures the sacrificial death of Christ, whose blood was shed for the remission of sins, highlighting the gravity of sin and the cost of redemption.

with his finger
The use of the priest's finger to apply the blood is a personal and deliberate act, indicating precision and care in the ritual. This act underscores the personal involvement of the priest in the atonement process, reflecting the personal nature of sin and the need for intentional repentance and forgiveness.

and apply it to the horns of the altar of burnt offering
The altar of burnt offering, or "mizbeach," was central to the sacrificial system. The horns of the altar, protruding corners, symbolized strength and salvation. Applying blood to the horns signifies the power of the sacrifice to atone for sin and the strength of God's provision for forgiveness. This act points to the cross, where Christ's sacrifice provides ultimate salvation.

and he is to pour out the rest of the blood at the base of the altar
Pouring out the blood at the base of the altar signifies the complete offering of life to God. The base of the altar, being the foundation, represents the grounding of the sacrificial system in the covenant relationship between God and His people. This act of pouring out prefigures Christ's total self-giving on the cross, where His blood was poured out for the foundation of the new covenant.

Then he shall remove all the fat
In the Hebrew text, the word for "fat" is "חֵלֶב" (chelev), which refers to the choicest or best part of the animal. In ancient Israelite culture, fat was considered the richest part of the animal, symbolizing abundance and blessing. The removal of fat signifies offering the best to God, acknowledging His provision and sovereignty. This act of setting aside the best for God is a reminder of the call to give our best in worship and service, reflecting a heart fully devoted to Him.

just as the fat is removed from the peace offering
The peace offering, or "שֶׁלֶם" (shelem), was a voluntary act of worship, expressing thanksgiving and fellowship with God. By paralleling the sin offering with the peace offering, the text emphasizes the continuity and consistency in the sacrificial system. It highlights the importance of approaching God with a heart of gratitude and reconciliation, even when seeking forgiveness. This connection underscores the holistic nature of worship, where atonement and thanksgiving are intertwined.

and the priest shall burn it on the altar
The act of burning the fat on the altar, "מִזְבֵּחַ" (mizbeach), signifies the complete dedication of the offering to God. The altar, a sacred place of sacrifice, represents the meeting point between the divine and the human. The burning process transforms the physical into the spiritual, symbolizing the ascent of the offering to God. This act serves as a powerful reminder of the transformative power of God's presence, where our offerings, when given in faith, are sanctified and accepted.

as a pleasing aroma to the LORD
The phrase "pleasing aroma," or "רֵיחַ נִיחוֹחַ" (rei'ach nichoach), conveys the idea of divine satisfaction and acceptance. In the ancient Near Eastern context, aromas were often associated with the presence and favor of deities. For the Israelites, this imagery communicates God's pleasure in the sincere worship and repentance of His people. It reassures believers that their genuine acts of contrition and devotion are received by God with grace and favor.

In this way the priest will make atonement for him
The Hebrew word for "atonement" is "כָּפַר" (kaphar), meaning to cover or to reconcile. The priest, acting as a mediator, facilitates the process of reconciliation between the sinner and God. This foreshadows the ultimate atonement made by Christ, our High Priest, who reconciles us to God through His sacrifice. It emphasizes the necessity of mediation and the grace extended to us through divine provision.

and he will be forgiven
Forgiveness, or "סָלַח" (salach), is a profound act of divine mercy. It signifies the removal of guilt and the restoration of relationship with God. This assurance of forgiveness is central to the covenant relationship between God and His people. It highlights the boundless grace of God, who is always ready to forgive those who come to Him with a contrite heart. This promise of forgiveness is a source of hope and encouragement, reminding believers of the steadfast love and faithfulness of God.

If, however
This phrase introduces a conditional statement, indicating an alternative or additional instruction. In the context of Leviticus, it suggests flexibility within the sacrificial system, accommodating different circumstances or resources of the offerer. The Hebrew word "אם" (im) is often used to introduce conditions, reflecting God's understanding and provision for His people's varied situations.

he brings a lamb
The lamb, or "כבש" (keves) in Hebrew, is a significant sacrificial animal in the Old Testament. It symbolizes innocence and purity, often representing the ideal offering for atonement. Historically, lambs were common livestock in ancient Israel, making them accessible for offerings. This foreshadows the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, the "Lamb of God," who takes away the sin of the world (John 1:29).

as a sin offering
The term "sin offering" translates from the Hebrew "חטאת" (chatat), which denotes a sacrifice specifically for atonement of unintentional sins. This offering underscores the seriousness of sin and the need for purification. It highlights God's provision for reconciliation and the restoration of fellowship with Him, pointing to the ultimate atonement through Christ's sacrifice.

he is to bring
This phrase emphasizes personal responsibility and active participation in the sacrificial process. The Hebrew verb "הביא" (havia) implies a deliberate act of bringing or presenting something of value to God. It reflects the worshiper's acknowledgment of sin and desire for forgiveness, illustrating the principle of repentance and faith in God's mercy.

an unblemished female
The requirement for an "unblemished" offering, "תמימה" (tamimah) in Hebrew, signifies the need for purity and perfection in sacrifices. This reflects God's holiness and the standard of righteousness He demands. The specification of a "female" lamb, "נקבה" (neqebah), may indicate the inclusivity and accessibility of the offering, as female animals were often more readily available. This requirement points to the completeness and sufficiency of Christ's atoning work, who was without blemish or defect (1 Peter 1:19).

He shall lay his hand on the head
This phrase signifies the act of identification and transference. In Hebrew, the word for "lay" is "samakh," which means to lean or rest upon. This act symbolizes the transfer of the individual's sin to the animal, making it a substitute for the sinner. Historically, this practice underscores the personal responsibility and acknowledgment of sin, as the offerer must physically connect with the sacrifice, illustrating the gravity of sin and the need for atonement.

of the sin offering
The term "sin offering" in Hebrew is "chatat," which refers to a sacrifice made specifically for unintentional sins. This offering is distinct from other sacrifices, emphasizing the need for purification and reconciliation with God. The sin offering highlights the holiness of God and the seriousness of sin, even when committed unintentionally, and the necessity of maintaining a right relationship with God through prescribed means.

and slaughter it
The act of slaughtering, or "shachat" in Hebrew, is a solemn and sacred duty performed by the offerer. This action represents the cost of sin, which is death, as outlined in Romans 6:23. The shedding of blood is a critical component of atonement, foreshadowing the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, whose blood was shed for the remission of sins. This act is a vivid reminder of the sacrificial system's role in pointing to the need for a perfect and final sacrifice.

as a sin offering
Reiterating the purpose of the sacrifice, this phrase emphasizes the specific role of the offering in addressing sin. The repetition underscores the importance of understanding the function and significance of each type of offering within the Levitical system. It serves as a precursor to the New Testament revelation of Christ as the ultimate sin offering, fulfilling the law and providing eternal redemption.

at the place of the burnt offering
This location is significant, as the burnt offering, or "olah" in Hebrew, was a sacrifice of complete consecration to God. The sin offering being slaughtered at the same place signifies the interconnectedness of the offerings and the comprehensive nature of atonement and dedication. It highlights the necessity of both reconciliation and devotion in the believer's life, pointing to the holistic nature of worship and relationship with God.

Then the priest
The role of the priest in ancient Israel was pivotal, serving as a mediator between God and the people. The Hebrew word for priest, "kohen," signifies one who is set apart for sacred duties. In the context of Leviticus, the priest's actions are not merely ritualistic but deeply symbolic, representing the holiness and order God desires. The priest's involvement underscores the necessity of an intermediary in the atonement process, foreshadowing the ultimate High Priest, Jesus Christ, who mediates the new covenant.

is to take some of the blood
Blood, in the Hebrew context, is synonymous with life (Leviticus 17:11). The act of taking blood from the sin offering signifies the transfer of life and the seriousness of sin, which requires life as a payment. This prefigures the sacrificial death of Christ, whose blood was shed for the remission of sins. The meticulous handling of blood by the priest highlights the sanctity and gravity of the atonement process.

from the sin offering
The sin offering, or "chatat" in Hebrew, was a sacrifice specifically for unintentional sins. It reflects the pervasive nature of sin and the need for purification. This offering points to the necessity of repentance and the provision God made for His people to maintain fellowship with Him. It is a precursor to the ultimate sin offering made by Christ, who bore the sins of humanity.

and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering
The altar of burnt offering was central to Israelite worship, symbolizing God's presence and the place where sacrifices were made. The horns of the altar, often seen as symbols of power and salvation, were anointed with blood to signify the purification and consecration of the altar. This act represents the power of atonement and the need for cleansing from sin, pointing to the redemptive work of Christ.

and he is to pour out the rest of the blood at the base of the altar
Pouring out the blood at the base of the altar signifies the complete offering of life to God. It represents the total surrender and the seriousness of sin's consequences. This act of pouring out is a vivid reminder of the cost of sin and the necessity of a complete sacrifice, ultimately fulfilled in Jesus, who poured out His life for the salvation of mankind.

He shall remove all the fat
In the Hebrew text, the word for "fat" is "חֵלֶב" (chelev), which refers to the best or choicest part of the animal. In ancient Israelite culture, fat was considered the richest part of the animal, symbolizing abundance and the best offering to God. The removal of fat signifies the dedication of the best to God, a practice that underscores the principle of giving God the first and finest of what we have. This act of removing the fat is a physical representation of setting apart what is holy and consecrated for the Lord.

just as the fat is removed from the lamb of the peace offering
The peace offering, or "שֶׁלֶם" (shelem) in Hebrew, was a voluntary act of worship, expressing thanksgiving and fellowship with God. By paralleling the sin offering with the peace offering, the text emphasizes the continuity and consistency in sacrificial practices. The peace offering was a communal meal shared between the offerer, the priest, and God, symbolizing reconciliation and harmony. This connection highlights the ultimate goal of the sin offering: restoring peace and fellowship between the sinner and God.

and the priest shall burn it on the altar
The act of burning the fat on the altar, "מִזְבֵּחַ" (mizbeach), signifies the complete surrender and dedication of the offering to God. The altar was the sacred place where divine and human realms intersected, and burning the fat transformed the physical into a pleasing aroma to the Lord. This act of burning symbolizes purification and the removal of sin, as the offering ascends to God in smoke, representing the prayers and repentance of the people.

on top of the offerings made by fire to the LORD
The phrase "offerings made by fire" refers to "אִשֶּׁה" (isheh), which are offerings consumed by fire as a fragrant aroma to God. This imagery of fire is significant in the biblical context, symbolizing God's presence, holiness, and purifying power. The placement of the sin offering on top of these offerings signifies its importance and the comprehensive nature of atonement, as it is integrated into the broader sacrificial system designed to maintain the covenant relationship between God and His people.

In this way the priest will make atonement for him
The Hebrew word for "atonement" is "כָּפַר" (kaphar), meaning to cover or to reconcile. The priest acts as a mediator, facilitating the process of reconciliation between the sinner and God. This act of atonement is not merely a ritualistic practice but a profound spiritual transaction that restores the sinner to a state of grace and favor with God. It prefigures the ultimate atonement made by Christ, the High Priest, who reconciles humanity to God through His sacrifice.

for the sin he has committed
The term "sin" in Hebrew is "חַטָּאת" (chatta'ah), which denotes an offense or a failure to meet God's standard. This acknowledgment of sin is crucial in the process of atonement, as it requires the sinner to recognize their transgression and seek God's forgiveness. The sacrificial system provided a tangible means for the Israelites to address their sins and maintain their covenant relationship with God.

and he will be forgiven
Forgiveness, or "סָלַח" (salach) in Hebrew, is a divine act of grace and mercy. It signifies the removal of guilt and the restoration of the sinner to a right relationship with God. This promise of forgiveness is central to the message of Leviticus, highlighting God's desire to dwell among His people and His provision for their redemption. It foreshadows the ultimate forgiveness offered through Jesus Christ, who fulfills the law and offers eternal reconciliation with God.