Surely
The Hebrew word used here is "אָכֵן" (aken), which conveys a sense of certainty and affirmation. It sets the tone for the verse, emphasizing the undeniable truth of what follows. In the context of Job, this word underscores the assuredness of human endeavors to seek and extract valuable resources. It reflects the human pursuit of understanding and wisdom, paralleling the certainty of God's wisdom and sovereignty.

there is a mine
The term "mine" refers to a place where minerals are extracted from the earth. In ancient times, mining was a labor-intensive and dangerous task, yet it was pursued for the wealth it could bring. This phrase highlights humanity's relentless quest for material wealth and the lengths to which people will go to obtain it. Spiritually, it can be seen as a metaphor for the search for deeper truths and the effort required to uncover divine wisdom.

for silver
Silver, in biblical times, was a precious metal used for currency, ornaments, and various utensils. It symbolizes wealth, value, and purity. The pursuit of silver represents the human desire for prosperity and security. In a spiritual sense, it can also symbolize the refining process of the soul, where impurities are removed to reveal true worth and character.

and a place
This phrase suggests a designated, specific location where activities occur. It implies order and purpose in the pursuit of valuable resources. In a broader sense, it can be seen as a metaphor for the spiritual journey, where individuals seek a place of understanding and enlightenment. It reminds believers that there is a divine order and purpose in the quest for wisdom.

where gold is refined
Gold, like silver, is a symbol of wealth and purity. The refining process involves removing impurities to achieve a pure and valuable end product. This phrase not only speaks to the physical process of refining gold but also serves as a powerful metaphor for spiritual refinement. Just as gold is purified through fire, believers are refined through trials and tribulations, emerging stronger and more faithful. The process of refining gold parallels the journey of faith, where believers are continually shaped and molded by God's hand.

Iron is taken from the earth
The Hebrew word for "iron" is "בַּרְזֶל" (barzel), which signifies strength and durability. In ancient times, iron was a valuable resource, essential for tools and weapons, symbolizing human ingenuity and the ability to harness the earth's resources. The phrase "taken from the earth" emphasizes the extraction process, reflecting humanity's God-given dominion over creation as seen in Genesis 1:28. This dominion involves not only stewardship but also the responsibility to use resources wisely and ethically. The historical context reveals that ironworking was a significant technological advancement, marking the transition from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age, which allowed for stronger implements and a profound impact on society and warfare.

and copper is smelted from ore
The Hebrew word for "copper" is "נְחֹשֶׁת" (nechoshet), often associated with wealth and trade in the ancient Near East. Copper, like iron, required a process of refinement, known as smelting, to be transformed from raw ore into usable metal. This process is a metaphor for spiritual refinement, where trials and tribulations purify and strengthen one's faith, as seen in passages like 1 Peter 1:7. The act of smelting involves intense heat, symbolizing the fiery trials believers may endure to emerge purer and more resilient. Historically, copper was used extensively in the construction of the Tabernacle and Temple, signifying its importance in worship and daily life. The mention of "ore" underscores the hidden potential within the earth, much like the latent potential within each person that God seeks to develop through His divine plan.

Man puts an end to the darkness
This phrase highlights humanity's quest to overcome ignorance and adversity. The Hebrew word for "darkness" here is "choshek," which often symbolizes chaos, ignorance, or evil in the Old Testament. In a spiritual sense, this can be seen as man's pursuit of divine wisdom and understanding, seeking to dispel the darkness of sin and ignorance through God's light. Historically, this reflects the human endeavor to explore and understand the world, both physically and spiritually, through the guidance of divine revelation.

he probes the farthest recesses
The word "probes" suggests a diligent and thorough search, indicating man's relentless pursuit of knowledge and truth. The Hebrew root "chaphar" implies digging or searching deeply, which can be seen as a metaphor for the spiritual journey of seeking God's wisdom. The "farthest recesses" symbolize the hidden and profound mysteries of life and creation, which man seeks to uncover. This reflects the biblical theme of seeking God's wisdom, as seen in Proverbs, where wisdom is portrayed as a treasure to be diligently sought.

for ore in deepest darkness
The term "ore" refers to valuable minerals hidden within the earth, symbolizing the precious truths and insights that are often concealed and require effort to obtain. The Hebrew word "metzareph" can be associated with refining or purifying, suggesting that the process of seeking wisdom involves purification and transformation. "Deepest darkness" again uses "choshek," emphasizing the depth and challenge of this pursuit. This can be seen as a metaphor for the trials and tribulations faced in the quest for spiritual enlightenment, where the seeker must delve into the unknown and confront the darkness to find the divine truth.

Far from human habitation
This phrase suggests a location that is remote and isolated from the usual dwellings of people. In the Hebrew context, the word for "habitation" often refers to a settled place, a community, or a city. The imagery here is of a place that is beyond the reach of ordinary human activity, emphasizing the lengths to which people will go to seek out precious resources. Spiritually, this can be seen as a metaphor for the pursuit of wisdom, which often requires venturing beyond the comfort zones of conventional understanding.

he cuts a shaft
The act of cutting a shaft implies deliberate and laborious effort. In ancient mining practices, shafts were cut into the earth to access valuable minerals. The Hebrew root for "cuts" conveys the idea of carving or hewing, indicating a precise and intentional action. This can be seen as a parallel to the pursuit of divine wisdom, which requires intentionality and perseverance. Just as miners cut through rock to find treasure, believers are called to diligently seek the wisdom of God.

in places forgotten by the foot of man
This phrase highlights the obscurity and hidden nature of the location. The "foot of man" symbolizes human presence and activity. The places "forgotten" suggest areas that are not commonly traversed or acknowledged by people. Historically, this could refer to the hidden and often dangerous locations where miners worked. Spiritually, it suggests that true wisdom is often found in places that are not immediately obvious or recognized by the world, requiring a deeper search and reliance on God.

far from men
Reiterating the theme of remoteness, this phrase underscores the separation from common human interaction. The repetition of distance emphasizes the solitary nature of the quest for wisdom. In a biblical sense, this can be interpreted as the need to sometimes withdraw from worldly distractions to focus on spiritual growth and understanding. It is a call to seek God in solitude and reflection, away from the noise of everyday life.

they dangle and sway
The imagery of dangling and swaying evokes a sense of vulnerability and risk. In the context of mining, it could refer to the precarious positions miners found themselves in as they worked. The Hebrew words used here convey movement and instability, suggesting the challenges and dangers inherent in the pursuit of valuable resources. Spiritually, this can be seen as a metaphor for the uncertainties and trials faced in the pursuit of wisdom. It is a reminder that the path to understanding is not always stable or secure, but requires faith and trust in God's guidance.

The earth
The Hebrew word for "earth" is "אֶרֶץ" (erets), which can refer to the physical ground, land, or the entire world. In the context of Job, it emphasizes the vastness and complexity of God's creation. The earth is not just a static entity but a dynamic system designed by God to sustain life. This reflects the biblical theme of God's providence and the intricate design of creation, which is evident throughout Scripture, from Genesis to Revelation.

from which food comes
This phrase highlights the earth's role as a provider, a theme deeply rooted in the biblical narrative. The Hebrew word for "food" is "לֶחֶם" (lechem), which often refers to bread but can symbolize sustenance in general. This reflects the agricultural society of ancient Israel, where the land's fertility was seen as a direct blessing from God. The earth's ability to produce food is a testament to God's provision and care for His creation, as seen in passages like Psalm 104:14, where God is praised for making "grass grow for the cattle and plants for man to cultivate."

is transformed below
The transformation "below" suggests a hidden, mysterious process occurring beneath the surface. The Hebrew root "הָפַךְ" (haphak) implies a turning or changing, indicating that the earth undergoes significant changes that are not immediately visible. This can be seen as a metaphor for the hidden workings of God, who operates in ways that are often beyond human understanding. It also reflects the biblical theme of transformation and renewal, as God continually works to bring about His purposes, even when they are not apparent to us.

as by fire
Fire in the Bible often symbolizes purification, judgment, or transformation. The Hebrew word "אֵשׁ" (esh) is used here to convey the intense and transformative processes that occur within the earth, such as volcanic activity or the refining of metals. This imagery can be seen as a metaphor for the trials and tribulations that believers face, which God uses to purify and strengthen their faith, as described in passages like 1 Peter 1:7. The use of fire also points to the power and majesty of God, who controls even the most formidable forces of nature.

Its rocks
The Hebrew word for "rocks" here is "eben," which often signifies a strong, enduring foundation. In the context of Job, this imagery of rocks can symbolize the steadfastness and unchanging nature of God's creation. Rocks, being ancient and enduring, remind us of the eternal nature of God's wisdom and the foundation upon which the world is built. This serves as a metaphor for the hidden and precious wisdom that God has embedded in the fabric of creation, much like the hidden treasures within the earth.

are the source of sapphires
The term "sapphires" in Hebrew is "sappiyr," which refers to a precious gemstone known for its deep blue color. Historically, sapphires have been associated with royalty and divine favor, often used in priestly garments and royal crowns. In the biblical context, sapphires symbolize purity, wisdom, and divine insight. The mention of sapphires here suggests that within the depths of the earth, and metaphorically within the depths of God's wisdom, lie treasures of immense value and beauty, waiting to be discovered by those who seek them earnestly.

containing flecks of gold
The Hebrew word for "gold" is "zahab," a metal that has been prized throughout history for its beauty and rarity. Gold is often used in the Bible to represent purity, value, and divine glory. The "flecks of gold" within the rocks suggest that even in the most unassuming places, there are traces of divine glory and wisdom. This imagery encourages believers to look beyond the surface and recognize the divine fingerprints in all of creation. It also serves as a reminder that God's wisdom, like gold, is precious and worth seeking with diligence and perseverance.

No bird of prey
The Hebrew word for "bird of prey" is "ayit," which refers to a swift and powerful bird, often associated with keen vision and the ability to soar high above the earth. In the context of Job 28, this phrase emphasizes the inaccessibility and hidden nature of divine wisdom. Birds of prey, known for their sharp eyesight and ability to spot things from great distances, symbolize human attempts to understand and perceive the mysteries of God. Despite their prowess, even these creatures cannot discern the path to wisdom, suggesting that human efforts alone are insufficient to grasp the fullness of divine knowledge.

knows that path
The Hebrew word for "knows" is "yada," which implies an intimate understanding or experiential knowledge. The "path" here symbolizes the way to divine wisdom, a journey that is not merely intellectual but deeply spiritual. This phrase underscores the idea that true wisdom is not something that can be discovered through natural means or human effort alone. It is a path that requires divine revelation and guidance, highlighting the limitations of human understanding and the need for humility before God.

no falcon’s eye
The "falcon" is another bird known for its exceptional vision and speed. The Hebrew term "nesher" is often translated as "eagle" or "vulture," but in this context, it represents any bird with extraordinary sight. The falcon's eye is a metaphor for the sharpest human perception and insight. Yet, even this heightened vision is inadequate to perceive the path to wisdom. This imagery serves to remind believers that human insight, no matter how advanced, cannot penetrate the depths of God's wisdom without His revelation.

has seen it
The verb "seen" in Hebrew is "ra'ah," which means to perceive or understand. This phrase reinforces the idea that divine wisdom is beyond the reach of even the most perceptive creatures. It is a call to recognize the limitations of human sight and understanding. The inability of the falcon's eye to see the path to wisdom serves as a metaphor for the spiritual blindness that can afflict humanity. It is a reminder that true sight comes from God, who alone can illuminate the path to understanding and truth.

The proud beasts
The Hebrew term here, often translated as "proud beasts," can refer to majestic or untamed animals, symbolizing strength and independence. In the context of Job, these creatures represent the pinnacle of earthly power and might. Yet, even these formidable beings have not discovered the path to wisdom, emphasizing that true wisdom is beyond the reach of natural strength or worldly prowess. This serves as a reminder that human pride and self-reliance are insufficient in the pursuit of divine understanding.

have not trodden it
The imagery of treading suggests exploration and dominion. In ancient times, to tread upon a land was to claim knowledge or control over it. The fact that these proud beasts have not trodden the path to wisdom underscores the idea that wisdom is not something that can be conquered or claimed by force. It is a divine gift, accessible only through humility and reverence for God.

nor has the fierce lion
The lion, often seen as the king of beasts, symbolizes ultimate power and authority in the animal kingdom. In biblical literature, the lion is frequently used to depict strength and fearlessness. However, even the lion, with all its might and majesty, has not found the way to wisdom. This highlights the limitations of earthly power and the futility of relying solely on human or natural strength to attain spiritual insight.

passed over it
The phrase "passed over" suggests movement and transition. In the context of this verse, it implies that the path to wisdom is not something that can be casually encountered or stumbled upon. It requires intentional seeking and divine revelation. The use of this phrase reinforces the idea that wisdom is a sacred journey, one that demands dedication and a heart aligned with God's will.

He puts forth his hand
This phrase suggests an intentional and deliberate action. In the Hebrew context, the "hand" often symbolizes power, control, and capability. The imagery of God putting forth His hand conveys His sovereign authority over creation. It reflects the divine initiative and intervention in the world, emphasizing that nothing occurs outside of God's will and purpose. This aligns with the broader biblical narrative where God's hand is seen as a source of protection, guidance, and judgment.

against the flinty rock
The "flinty rock" represents something that is hard, unyielding, and seemingly impenetrable. In ancient times, flint was a material known for its hardness and was often used to make tools and weapons. The use of "flinty rock" here symbolizes the challenges and obstacles that are difficult to overcome. Theologically, it can be seen as a metaphor for the trials and tribulations that believers face. The imagery suggests that even the most formidable challenges are subject to God's power and can be transformed by His touch.

and overturns the mountains by the roots
This phrase illustrates God's immense power and ability to alter the natural order. Mountains, in biblical literature, often symbolize stability, permanence, and grandeur. The act of overturning mountains "by the roots" signifies a complete and thorough transformation, indicating that nothing is too great or too established to be changed by God. This serves as a reminder of God's omnipotence and the fact that He can bring about change in the most entrenched situations. It also reflects the theme of divine wisdom and understanding that surpasses human comprehension, as seen throughout the book of Job. This imagery encourages believers to trust in God's ultimate plan and His ability to work all things for good, even when circumstances seem insurmountable.

He hews out channels through the rocks
This phrase begins with the imagery of a miner or a craftsman, "he hews out," which suggests a deliberate and skillful action. The Hebrew word for "hews" is "ḥāṣaḇ," which conveys the idea of cutting or carving with precision. This action reflects God's wisdom and power in creation, as He shapes the natural world with intention and purpose. The "channels" refer to pathways or conduits, often associated with water, symbolizing the flow of divine wisdom and provision. The "rocks" represent the seemingly impenetrable challenges or mysteries of life, which God can navigate and transform. Historically, this imagery would resonate with an ancient audience familiar with mining and the extraction of precious resources, emphasizing the value and effort involved in uncovering wisdom.

and his eye sees every precious thing
The phrase "his eye sees" highlights God's omniscience and His ability to perceive all things. The Hebrew word for "eye" is "ʿayin," which not only refers to physical sight but also to insight and understanding. This suggests that God's vision penetrates beyond the surface, discerning the true value and essence of all creation. The term "every precious thing" underscores the worth and beauty of what God observes. In the context of Job, this can be seen as a reminder that God recognizes the intrinsic value in all aspects of life, even those that are hidden or overlooked by human eyes. The historical context of precious stones and metals, often hidden within the earth, serves as a metaphor for the hidden wisdom and treasures of God's creation, which He alone can fully appreciate and reveal.

He stops up
The phrase "He stops up" suggests an intentional act of halting or blocking. In the Hebrew, the word used here can imply a deliberate intervention. This reflects God's sovereign power over creation, where He can control the natural world to fulfill His purposes. Historically, this imagery would resonate with ancient practices of mining or diverting water for irrigation, symbolizing God's ability to reveal or conceal according to His will.

the sources of the streams
"The sources of the streams" refers to the origins or beginnings of flowing waters. In the ancient Near Eastern context, water was a precious resource, and controlling its source was a significant act. Spiritually, this can be seen as God having authority over the life-giving elements of the world. Streams often symbolize life, sustenance, and divine blessing in Scripture, and God’s control over them underscores His provision and judgment.

to bring
The phrase "to bring" indicates a purpose or result. It suggests an action with an intended outcome. In the context of divine wisdom, it implies that God’s actions are purposeful, aiming to reveal deeper truths or hidden realities. This aligns with the biblical theme that God’s ways are intentional and directed towards His ultimate plan for humanity.

what is hidden
"What is hidden" speaks to the mysteries or secrets that are not immediately visible or understandable. In the Hebrew context, this can refer to both physical treasures and spiritual truths. Theologically, it points to the idea that God possesses all knowledge and understanding, and He reveals it according to His divine timing and purpose. This hiddenness can also relate to the wisdom and knowledge that humans seek but can only find through divine revelation.

to light
The phrase "to light" signifies revelation, understanding, and clarity. Light in the Bible often symbolizes truth, purity, and the presence of God. Bringing something to light means making it known or understood. In the context of Job, this reflects the theme of God’s wisdom being beyond human comprehension, yet graciously revealed to those who seek Him. It emphasizes the transformative power of divine revelation, turning obscurity into clarity and ignorance into knowledge.

But where
The phrase "But where" introduces a rhetorical question that sets the stage for a profound exploration of the nature and source of wisdom. In the Hebrew text, the word "where" (אָיוֹ, 'ayyo) suggests a search or quest, emphasizing the elusive nature of wisdom. This opening challenges the reader to consider the limitations of human knowledge and the vastness of divine wisdom.

can wisdom be found
"Wisdom" (חָכְמָה, chokmah) in the Hebrew context is not merely intellectual knowledge but encompasses skillful living, moral insight, and the ability to make godly decisions. The quest for wisdom is a central theme in the wisdom literature of the Bible, including Proverbs and Ecclesiastes. The phrase "be found" implies that wisdom is not readily available or easily acquired; it must be diligently sought after, often through a relationship with God and a life of obedience.

and where does understanding dwell
"Understanding" (בִּינָה, binah) is closely related to wisdom but focuses more on discernment and insight—the ability to see the underlying truth of a matter. The word "dwell" (שָׁכַן, shakan) suggests a permanent residence or resting place. This implies that understanding is not transient or superficial but has a stable, enduring quality. The verse invites readers to reflect on the divine origin of true understanding, which is not found in human intellect alone but in a deeper, spiritual communion with God.

No man can know its value
This phrase from Job 28:13 in the Berean Standard Bible (BSB) speaks to the profound and immeasurable worth of wisdom. The Hebrew word for "know" here is "yada," which implies not just intellectual understanding but an intimate, experiential knowledge. In the context of the Book of Job, this suggests that human beings, with all their limitations, cannot fully grasp the true value of divine wisdom. Historically, wisdom literature in the Bible often contrasts human understanding with divine insight, emphasizing that true wisdom is a gift from God, not something that can be fully comprehended or acquired through human effort alone.

nor can it be found in the land of the living
The phrase "land of the living" refers to the earthly realm, the world as we know it. In Hebrew, "erets" is used for "land," which can mean earth or ground, emphasizing the physical and temporal nature of human existence. This part of the verse underscores the idea that true wisdom is not something that can be discovered through earthly means or within the confines of human experience. It points to the transcendence of divine wisdom, suggesting that it originates from beyond our mortal realm. In a conservative Christian perspective, this aligns with the belief that ultimate truth and understanding come from God alone, and that human beings must seek divine revelation to access true wisdom. This verse serves as a humbling reminder of the limitations of human knowledge and the necessity of seeking God for true insight and understanding.

The deep says
The term "deep" in Hebrew is "tehom," which often refers to the primordial waters or the abyss. In the ancient Near Eastern context, "tehom" is associated with chaos and the unknown depths of the earth. This phrase personifies the deep, suggesting that even the most mysterious and profound parts of creation acknowledge their limitations. The deep, with all its hidden treasures and secrets, confesses that it does not possess wisdom. This highlights the transcendence of divine wisdom, which is beyond the reach of even the most unfathomable parts of the natural world.

‘It is not in me,’
This phrase emphasizes the absence of wisdom in the deep. The deep, despite its vastness and mystery, cannot claim to hold the ultimate truth or understanding. In a spiritual sense, this reflects the idea that human efforts to find wisdom through exploration of the natural world alone are insufficient. True wisdom is not a commodity that can be mined or extracted from the earth; it is a divine gift that surpasses human understanding and is not contained within the physical realm.

and the sea says
The "sea" in Hebrew is "yam," a term that often symbolizes chaos and danger in biblical literature. The sea, like the deep, is personified here, acknowledging its own limitations. In the ancient world, the sea was a place of mystery and fear, representing the boundary between the known and the unknown. By having the sea speak, the text underscores the idea that even the most powerful and expansive elements of creation recognize their inability to contain or provide wisdom.

‘It is not with me.’
This phrase further reinforces the message that wisdom is not found within the natural world. The sea, with its vast expanse and power, admits that it does not possess wisdom. This admission serves as a humbling reminder that human beings, despite their achievements and explorations, cannot find true wisdom through their own efforts. Wisdom is portrayed as a divine attribute, one that is beyond the grasp of even the most formidable forces of nature. This calls believers to seek wisdom from God, who alone is the source of true understanding and insight.

It cannot be purchased
The phrase emphasizes the inestimable value of wisdom, which is the central theme of Job 28. In Hebrew, the word for "purchased" is "קנה" (qanah), which means to acquire or buy. This suggests that wisdom is not a commodity that can be obtained through material wealth or transactions. The conservative Christian perspective sees wisdom as a divine gift from God, not something that can be earned or bought, reflecting the belief that true wisdom comes from a relationship with God and is a matter of the heart and spirit.

for gold
Gold, in ancient times as well as today, is a symbol of wealth and value. The Hebrew word "זהב" (zahav) is used here, representing the most precious metal known to the people of the time. The use of gold in this verse underscores the idea that even the most valuable earthly possessions are insufficient to obtain wisdom. This aligns with the biblical teaching that spiritual riches far surpass material wealth, as seen in Proverbs 16:16, "How much better to get wisdom than gold!"

nor its price
The term "price" in Hebrew is "מחיר" (mechir), which refers to the cost or value of something. This phrase indicates that wisdom's worth is beyond any monetary value. In a conservative Christian context, this highlights the belief that wisdom is a divine attribute, reflecting God's character and truth, which cannot be quantified or measured by human standards.

weighed out
The concept of weighing, "שקל" (shaqal) in Hebrew, involves measuring something's worth or value. In ancient times, precious metals were often weighed to determine their value. The imagery of weighing suggests a careful assessment, yet it emphasizes that wisdom's value transcends any scale or measure. This reflects the biblical understanding that God's wisdom is infinite and beyond human comprehension.

in silver
Silver, like gold, was a highly valued commodity in the ancient world. The Hebrew word "כסף" (kesef) is used here, symbolizing wealth and prosperity. By stating that wisdom cannot be weighed out in silver, the verse reinforces the message that no amount of earthly wealth can equate to the value of divine wisdom. This echoes the teachings of Jesus in the New Testament, where spiritual treasures are prioritized over earthly riches (Matthew 6:19-21).

It cannot be valued
The phrase emphasizes the inestimable worth of wisdom. In the Hebrew text, the word used here conveys the idea of weighing or balancing, suggesting that wisdom's value is beyond any earthly measure. This reflects the biblical theme that true wisdom, which comes from God, surpasses all material wealth and human understanding.

in the gold of Ophir
Ophir is historically recognized as a region famous for its fine gold, often mentioned in the Bible as a symbol of wealth and splendor. The exact location of Ophir is debated, with possibilities ranging from regions in Africa to the Arabian Peninsula or India. The mention of Ophir here underscores the unparalleled value of wisdom, as even the finest gold known to the ancient world cannot compare.

in precious onyx
Onyx is a semi-precious stone known for its striking bands of color. In biblical times, onyx was highly prized and used in the garments of the high priest (Exodus 28:9-12). The use of onyx in this verse highlights the rarity and beauty of wisdom, suggesting that it is more desirable than even the most exquisite earthly treasures.

or sapphire
Sapphire, a precious gemstone, is often associated with royalty and divine favor. In ancient cultures, sapphires were believed to protect and bring wisdom to their owners. By comparing wisdom to sapphire, the verse elevates its status above even the most esteemed and sought-after jewels, reinforcing the message that wisdom is a divine gift that transcends material wealth.

Neither gold nor crystal can compare
The Hebrew word for "gold" here is "זָהָב" (zahav), which is often used in the Old Testament to denote wealth and splendor. Gold, being one of the most precious metals known to ancient civilizations, symbolizes material wealth and earthly riches. "Crystal" in this context likely refers to a clear, precious stone, possibly quartz or another transparent mineral highly valued in ancient times. The phrase emphasizes the incomparable value of wisdom, suggesting that even the most treasured earthly possessions cannot measure up to it. This reflects a recurring biblical theme that spiritual and divine wisdom surpasses all material wealth, urging believers to seek what is eternal and godly over what is temporal and worldly.

nor jewels of fine gold be exchanged for it
The term "jewels of fine gold" translates from the Hebrew "כְּלִי פָז" (keli paz), where "paz" refers to refined or pure gold, often associated with the highest quality and purity. In ancient cultures, such gold was not only a symbol of wealth but also of status and power. The use of "exchanged" implies a transaction or trade, highlighting the futility of attempting to purchase or barter for wisdom with material goods. This underscores the biblical principle that true wisdom is a divine gift, not something that can be acquired through human means or wealth. It calls believers to recognize the limitations of earthly riches and to value the pursuit of godly wisdom above all else, as it leads to a deeper understanding of God's will and purpose for their lives.

Coral and quartz
In the ancient world, coral and quartz were considered valuable materials. Coral, often used in jewelry, was prized for its beauty and rarity. Quartz, a common mineral, was also valued for its clarity and use in various tools and ornaments. The Hebrew word for coral, "ramoth," suggests something elevated or exalted, indicating its esteemed status. The mention of these materials highlights the cultural and economic value placed on them, yet the verse suggests that even these are insignificant when compared to wisdom.

are unworthy of mention
This phrase underscores the insignificance of material wealth in the pursuit of true wisdom. The Hebrew root "zakar" means to remember or mention, implying that these treasures are not even worth recalling in the context of wisdom's value. This reflects a biblical theme that spiritual and moral insights far surpass material possessions, a perspective that aligns with the teachings of Jesus in the New Testament, where He emphasizes storing treasures in heaven rather than on earth.

the price of wisdom
The Hebrew word for price, "mechir," denotes a value or worth that is often associated with a transaction or exchange. In this context, it suggests that wisdom has a value that cannot be quantified or purchased with earthly wealth. This aligns with the broader biblical narrative that wisdom is a divine gift, often associated with the fear of the Lord, as seen in Proverbs 9:10, "The fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom."

is beyond rubies
Rubies, known for their deep red color and rarity, were among the most precious stones in the ancient world. The Hebrew word "peninim" refers to pearls or rubies, both symbols of immense value. By stating that wisdom is beyond rubies, the text emphasizes that no earthly treasure can compare to the worth of wisdom. This echoes the sentiment found in Proverbs 3:15, "She is more precious than rubies; nothing you desire compares with her," reinforcing the idea that wisdom is the ultimate pursuit for those who seek to live a life pleasing to God.

The topaz of Cush
The term "topaz" in this context refers to a precious gemstone known for its brilliance and beauty. In the ancient world, topaz was highly valued and often associated with wealth and status. The Hebrew word used here is "pitdah," which is believed to refer to a yellowish gemstone, possibly what we know today as topaz or chrysolite. "Cush" refers to a region south of Egypt, often associated with the land of Ethiopia. Historically, Cush was known for its wealth and resources, including precious stones. The mention of "the topaz of Cush" emphasizes the rarity and value of this gemstone, suggesting that even the most exquisite and rare treasures of the earth cannot compare to the wisdom being described in this chapter.

cannot compare to it
This phrase underscores the incomparable value of wisdom, which is the central theme of Job 28. The Hebrew word "shavah" means to be equal or comparable. The verse suggests that no earthly treasure, no matter how rare or valuable, can equal the worth of divine wisdom. This reflects a biblical principle found throughout Scripture, where spiritual understanding and insight are held in higher esteem than material wealth. The rhetorical nature of this statement invites readers to reflect on their own values and priorities, encouraging a pursuit of wisdom over worldly possessions.

its worth cannot be matched
The concept of "worth" here is derived from the Hebrew word "erke," which refers to value or price. The verse emphasizes that the value of wisdom is beyond any earthly measure. This aligns with the biblical teaching that true wisdom is a gift from God, and its value is eternal and immeasurable. The inability to match its worth with any material possession serves as a reminder of the transient nature of earthly wealth compared to the enduring nature of divine wisdom.

by pure gold
Gold, throughout history, has been a universal symbol of wealth and prosperity. The term "pure gold" indicates the highest quality and most refined form of this precious metal. In the ancient Near East, gold was often used in trade, jewelry, and religious artifacts, symbolizing both economic and spiritual significance. By stating that even "pure gold" cannot match the worth of wisdom, the verse elevates the pursuit of spiritual understanding above the pursuit of material riches. This reflects a consistent biblical theme that treasures in heaven are of far greater value than those on earth, encouraging believers to seek after the things of God with greater fervor than the things of this world.

From where then
This phrase initiates a profound inquiry into the origins of wisdom. In the Hebrew text, the word "from where" is "מֵאַיִן" (me'ayin), which conveys a sense of searching or seeking out a source. This reflects the human quest for understanding that transcends mere knowledge. Historically, this question echoes the ancient Near Eastern pursuit of wisdom, a theme prevalent in wisdom literature, where sages sought to understand the divine order of the universe.

does wisdom come
The Hebrew word for wisdom is "חָכְמָה" (chokmah), which encompasses not only knowledge but also the skillful application of that knowledge in life. In the biblical context, wisdom is often associated with the fear of the Lord (Proverbs 9:10), suggesting that true wisdom is divinely sourced and not merely a human achievement. This phrase challenges the reader to consider the divine origin of wisdom, contrasting it with human limitations.

and where does understanding dwell
The term "understanding" is translated from the Hebrew "בִּינָה" (binah), which implies discernment and insight. The word "dwell" is "מָקוֹם" (maqom), indicating a place or abode. This suggests that understanding is not just a transient concept but has a stable, enduring presence. In the scriptural context, understanding is often linked with the ability to perceive the deeper truths of God's creation and purposes. The rhetorical question posed here invites reflection on the nature of true understanding as something that resides beyond human reach, in the realm of the divine.

It is hidden
The phrase "It is hidden" suggests a deliberate concealment, indicating that the subject—wisdom—is not easily accessible or apparent to humanity. In Hebrew, the word used here can imply something that is kept secret or covered. This aligns with the biblical theme that true wisdom is not something that can be discovered through human effort alone but is a divine gift. The hidden nature of wisdom emphasizes the need for humility and reverence before God, who alone can reveal it.

from the eyes
The "eyes" symbolize perception and understanding. In biblical literature, the eyes often represent insight or the ability to discern truth. The fact that wisdom is hidden from the eyes suggests that human perception is limited and cannot grasp divine truths without God's revelation. This serves as a reminder of the limitations of human wisdom and the necessity of seeking divine guidance.

of every living thing
This phrase underscores the universality of the limitation. "Every living thing" includes all of creation, emphasizing that no creature, regardless of its intelligence or capabilities, can naturally perceive divine wisdom. This reflects the biblical teaching that all creation is dependent on God and that wisdom is a gift that transcends natural understanding.

and concealed
The word "concealed" reinforces the idea of intentional obscurity. In the Hebrew context, this term can imply something that is purposefully kept out of reach. This suggests that wisdom is not only hidden but also protected, indicating its preciousness and the need for a relationship with God to access it. The concealment of wisdom calls believers to seek God earnestly and to value the wisdom He provides.

from the birds of the air
Birds, often seen as creatures with a broad perspective due to their ability to fly, symbolize a higher vantage point or insight. The fact that wisdom is concealed even from the birds of the air highlights that no matter how elevated one's perspective might be, divine wisdom remains beyond natural reach. This imagery serves to humble humanity, reminding us that even the most insightful or elevated perspectives fall short of comprehending God's wisdom without His revelation.

Destruction and Death
In Hebrew, the words used here are "Abaddon" and "Maveth." "Abaddon" is often associated with a place of destruction or the realm of the dead, akin to the concept of Sheol. "Maveth" simply means death. These terms personify the ultimate end of human life and the finality of earthly existence. In the context of Job, these personifications emphasize the limits of human understanding and the mysteries that lie beyond mortal comprehension. Theologically, this suggests that even the most feared and final aspects of life acknowledge the existence of wisdom, yet they do not possess it. This highlights the transcendence of divine wisdom over human experience and mortality.

say
The use of the verb "say" here is significant because it attributes speech to abstract concepts, suggesting that even the most formidable forces in the human experience recognize their limitations. This anthropomorphism serves to illustrate that wisdom is not found in the realms of death and destruction, but rather, it is a divine attribute that surpasses human and earthly confines. It implies that wisdom is a divine mystery, not accessible through human means or experiences alone.

‘We have heard a rumor about it with our ears.’
The phrase "heard a rumor" indicates a distant, indirect knowledge. In Hebrew, the word for "rumor" can also mean a report or a whisper, suggesting something not fully grasped or understood. This implies that even the most profound human experiences, represented by death and destruction, only have a vague understanding of true wisdom. The phrase "with our ears" emphasizes the sensory limitation, contrasting with the deeper, spiritual insight required to truly comprehend divine wisdom. This serves as a humbling reminder of the limitations of human knowledge and the need for divine revelation to access true wisdom. In the broader context of Job, it underscores the theme that God's wisdom is beyond human reach and must be sought through faith and reverence.

But God
This phrase immediately sets the tone for the verse, emphasizing the sovereignty and omniscience of God. In the Hebrew text, the word for God here is "Elohim," a name that denotes power and majesty. It reminds us that while human understanding is limited, God’s knowledge is infinite. This is a recurring theme throughout the Book of Job, where human wisdom is contrasted with divine wisdom.

understands
The Hebrew word used here is "bin," which means to discern, perceive, or comprehend. This suggests a deep, intimate knowledge that goes beyond mere awareness. It implies that God not only knows the path of wisdom but fully comprehends its intricacies and purposes. This understanding is not just intellectual but also relational, as God is intimately involved with His creation.

its way
The "way" refers to the path or course of wisdom. In the context of Job 28, wisdom is portrayed as something elusive and precious, more valuable than gold or jewels. The Hebrew word "derek" is used here, which can mean a road, journey, or manner of life. This suggests that wisdom is not just a static concept but a dynamic journey or process. God alone knows the full course of wisdom, its beginning, and its end.

and He knows
The repetition of God’s knowledge emphasizes His complete and perfect understanding. The Hebrew word "yada" is used here, which means to know by experience or observation. This indicates that God’s knowledge is not abstract but experiential. He knows wisdom because He is the source of all wisdom.

its place
The "place" of wisdom is its dwelling or abode. In Hebrew, the word "maqom" is used, which can mean a physical location or a metaphorical space. This suggests that wisdom has a specific origin and destination, known only to God. It reinforces the idea that true wisdom is found in God alone and that He is the ultimate source and sustainer of all wisdom.

For He looks
The phrase "For He looks" emphasizes God's omniscience and His active engagement with creation. The Hebrew root for "looks" is "נָבַט" (nabat), which means to regard, consider, or observe. This suggests not a passive glance but an intentional and discerning observation. In the context of Job, this highlights God's ability to see beyond human limitations and understand the complexities of the world, offering comfort that nothing escapes His notice.

to the ends of the earth
This phrase underscores the vastness of God's vision. The Hebrew word for "ends" is "קָצֶה" (qatseh), indicating the extremities or farthest reaches. Historically, this reflects the ancient Near Eastern understanding of the world as a vast, expansive domain. Theologically, it reassures believers that God's sovereignty extends over all creation, from the most remote corners to the familiar, affirming His ultimate authority and control.

and sees everything
The word "sees" comes from the Hebrew "רָאָה" (ra'ah), which means to perceive or understand. This conveys not just visual sight but a deep comprehension of all things. "Everything" implies totality, leaving nothing hidden from God's view. This comprehensive understanding is a source of awe and reverence, reminding believers of God's intimate knowledge of all aspects of life and His ability to judge and guide with perfect wisdom.

under the heavens
The phrase "under the heavens" situates the scope of God's vision within the created order. In Hebrew, "שָׁמַיִם" (shamayim) refers to the skies or heavens, often symbolizing God's dwelling place. This phrase connects the earthly realm with the divine, illustrating that God's watchful eye encompasses all that exists beneath His heavenly throne. It serves as a reminder of the divine order and the interconnectedness of heaven and earth under God's watchful care.

When He fixed
The phrase "When He fixed" suggests a deliberate and intentional act of creation by God. The Hebrew root for "fixed" is "עָשָׂה" (asah), which means to make, do, or establish. This word emphasizes God's sovereignty and authority over creation. In the context of Job, it highlights the divine wisdom and power that God possesses, which is beyond human understanding. The fixing of natural elements underscores the order and precision in God's creation, reflecting His omnipotence and meticulous care.

the weight of the wind
The concept of "the weight of the wind" is intriguing, as it speaks to the invisible yet tangible nature of the wind. The Hebrew word for "weight" is "מִשְׁקָל" (mishqal), which refers to balance or measure. This phrase indicates that even the seemingly intangible aspects of creation, like the wind, are under God's control and have been given specific properties and functions. Historically, this reflects an understanding of the natural world that acknowledges God's hand in the balance and harmony of creation, a theme that resonates throughout the wisdom literature of the Bible.

and measured out the waters
The phrase "and measured out the waters" conveys the idea of God setting boundaries and limits for the waters of the earth. The Hebrew root for "measured" is "תָּכַן" (takan), meaning to weigh, regulate, or measure. This action of measuring suggests precision and intentionality, reinforcing the notion that God is the ultimate architect of the universe. In the ancient Near Eastern context, water was often seen as a symbol of chaos, and God's ability to measure and control it signifies His power to bring order out of chaos. This imagery is consistent with other scriptural references, such as in Genesis, where God separates the waters to create dry land, demonstrating His authority over creation.

when He set a limit
The phrase "when He set a limit" speaks to the divine sovereignty and order established by God in creation. The Hebrew word for "set" is "שׂוּם" (sum), which implies placing or appointing with intention and authority. This reflects the biblical theme that God is not a God of chaos but of order, as seen in Genesis 1, where He brings order to the formless void. The "limit" (חֹק, choq) suggests boundaries or decrees, emphasizing that God has established natural laws that govern the universe. This is a reminder of God's omnipotence and wisdom, as He alone has the power to define the parameters of creation.

for the rain
The mention of "rain" (מָטָר, matar) highlights God's provision and sustenance for the earth. In the ancient Near East, rain was crucial for agriculture and survival, symbolizing God's blessing and favor. Deuteronomy 11:14 speaks of God providing rain for the land in its season, underscoring His role as the sustainer of life. This phrase reminds us of God's ongoing care and the intricate balance He maintains in the natural world, ensuring that His creation is nourished and fruitful.

and a path for the thunderbolt
The "path for the thunderbolt" (וְדֶרֶךְ לַחֲזִיז, derekh la-chaziz) illustrates God's control over even the most powerful and unpredictable elements of nature. The word "path" (דֶרֶךְ, derekh) implies a directed course or way, suggesting that even the thunderbolt, a symbol of divine power and judgment, follows a divinely ordained route. The "thunderbolt" (חֲזִיז, chaziz) is a vivid image of God's might and the awe-inspiring aspects of His creation. This phrase serves as a metaphor for God's ability to direct and harness the forces of nature, reinforcing the theme of His supreme authority and the precision with which He governs the universe.

Then He looked at wisdom
In this phrase, the focus is on God’s active engagement with wisdom. The Hebrew word for "looked" is "ra'ah," which implies not just a casual glance but a deep, discerning observation. This suggests that God, in His omniscience, fully comprehends the essence and depth of wisdom. In the context of the Book of Job, this highlights the contrast between human understanding and divine insight. God’s ability to "look" at wisdom signifies His authority and mastery over it, reminding us that true wisdom originates from Him.

and appraised it
The term "appraised" comes from the Hebrew "saphar," which means to count, number, or evaluate. This indicates that God not only observes wisdom but also measures and values it according to His perfect standards. In a historical context, appraising was a common practice in trade and commerce, ensuring that items were valued correctly. Similarly, God’s appraisal of wisdom underscores its immeasurable worth and the importance of seeking divine wisdom over worldly knowledge.

He established it
Here, "established" is translated from the Hebrew "kun," meaning to set up, prepare, or make firm. This conveys the idea that God has firmly set wisdom in place as a foundational principle of creation. Theologically, this suggests that wisdom is not a fleeting or abstract concept but a stable, enduring truth that God has woven into the fabric of the universe. It reassures believers that God’s wisdom is reliable and unchanging, providing a solid foundation for life.

and examined it
The word "examined" is derived from the Hebrew "chakar," which means to search out or investigate thoroughly. This implies that God’s understanding of wisdom is exhaustive and complete. In the scriptural context, this examination is not for God’s benefit, as He is all-knowing, but for ours, demonstrating that His wisdom is perfect and all-encompassing. It encourages believers to trust in God’s wisdom, knowing that it has been thoroughly vetted and proven true by the Creator Himself.

And He said to man
This phrase indicates a direct communication from God to humanity. The Hebrew word for "man" here is "adam," which can refer to mankind in general. This highlights the universal nature of the message, emphasizing that the wisdom and understanding God imparts are meant for all people, transcending time and culture. It underscores the personal relationship God seeks with each individual, inviting them to listen and respond to His divine instruction.

The fear of the Lord
The Hebrew word for "fear" is "yirah," which encompasses reverence, awe, and respect. This is not a fear that paralyzes but one that acknowledges God's majesty and holiness. In the biblical context, "the fear of the Lord" is foundational to wisdom. It is the starting point for a life that aligns with God's will. This reverence leads to a deeper understanding of God's nature and His expectations for righteous living. It is a call to recognize God's authority and to live in a way that honors Him.

that is wisdom
The Hebrew word for "wisdom" is "chokmah," which implies skill, insight, and moral discernment. In the biblical sense, wisdom is not merely intellectual knowledge but a practical application of God's truth in daily life. It involves making choices that reflect God's character and purposes. This wisdom is a gift from God, available to those who seek Him with a humble heart. It is a guiding principle that directs one's path and decisions, leading to a life that is pleasing to God.

and to turn away from evil
The phrase "turn away" comes from the Hebrew "suwr," meaning to depart or remove oneself. This action requires intentionality and a conscious decision to reject sin and its enticements. "Evil" in Hebrew is "ra," which encompasses anything that is morally wrong or harmful. Turning away from evil is an active pursuit of righteousness and purity. It involves a transformation of heart and mind, aligning one's actions with God's standards. This turning away is evidence of true understanding and a commitment to live according to God's ways.

is understanding
The Hebrew word for "understanding" is "biynah," which signifies discernment and comprehension. It is the ability to see things from God's perspective and to grasp the deeper truths of His Word. Understanding goes beyond surface knowledge; it penetrates the heart and influences behavior. It is cultivated through a relationship with God, prayer, and meditation on Scripture. This understanding empowers believers to navigate life's complexities with clarity and purpose, rooted in the truth of God's revelation.