Genesis 36:16

Korah, Gatam, and Amalek. They are the chiefs of Eliphaz in the land of Edom, and they are the grandsons of Adah.

Study Bible

Korah
Korah is listed as one of the chiefs of Eliphaz, a son of Esau. The name Korah appears elsewhere in the Bible, notably in the rebellion against Moses (Numbers 16), though this is a different individual. The name means "bald" or "ice," and it is important to distinguish between the different Korahs in Scripture. This Korah's role as a chief indicates a position of leadership and influence within the Edomite clan structure.

Gatam
Gatam is another chief of Eliphaz. The name is not widely mentioned elsewhere in the Bible, suggesting that Gatam's influence was primarily within the Edomite context. The name may mean "their touch" or "burnt valley," which could reflect geographical or familial significance. As a chief, Gatam would have had responsibilities in governance and military leadership.

and Amalek
Amalek is a significant figure, as he is the progenitor of the Amalekites, a perennial enemy of Israel. The Amalekites are first mentioned in Genesis 14:7 and later become a symbol of opposition to God's people (Exodus 17:8-16). The conflict with Amalek is seen as a spiritual battle, with Amalek representing forces opposed to God's purposes. This enmity is prophesied to continue until the end times (Exodus 17:16).

They are the chiefs of Eliphaz
Eliphaz, the firstborn of Esau, is a prominent figure in Edomite history. As chiefs, Korah, Gatam, and Amalek held positions of authority under Eliphaz, indicating a structured hierarchy within the Edomite tribes. This structure reflects the broader ancient Near Eastern practice of tribal leadership and governance.

in the land of Edom
Edom, located southeast of Israel, is the territory settled by Esau's descendants. The land is characterized by its rugged terrain and strategic location along trade routes. Edom's relationship with Israel is complex, marked by both kinship and conflict. The Edomites' refusal to allow Israel passage during the Exodus (Numbers 20:14-21) exemplifies this tension.

and they are the grandsons of Adah
Adah is one of Esau's wives, and her lineage is significant in the formation of the Edomite tribes. The mention of Adah highlights the matrilineal aspect of tribal identity, which was important in ancient genealogies. This connection underscores the familial ties that shaped the political and social structures of Edom.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Korah
A chief descended from Eliphaz, son of Esau. His name is associated with leadership within the Edomite clans.

2. Gatam
Another chief from the lineage of Eliphaz. His role, like Korah's, signifies the establishment of tribal leadership in Edom.

3. Amalek
A notable chief whose descendants, the Amalekites, would later become significant adversaries of Israel. His mention here foreshadows future conflicts.

4. Eliphaz
The firstborn son of Esau and father of the chiefs mentioned. His lineage is significant in the establishment of the Edomite nation.

5. Edom
The land settled by Esau and his descendants. It represents a nation distinct from Israel, often in opposition to it.

Teaching Points

Understanding Lineage and Legacy
The genealogies in Genesis remind us of the importance of our spiritual heritage and the impact of our actions on future generations.

The Consequences of Conflict
The mention of Amalek foreshadows future hostilities, teaching us about the long-term effects of enmity and the importance of seeking peace.

God's Sovereignty in History
The unfolding of these genealogies shows God's hand in history, orchestrating events according to His divine plan.

The Role of Leadership
The chiefs of Edom illustrate the significance of leadership and its influence on a community or nation.

Distinction Between Nations
The separation of Edom and Israel serves as a reminder of the distinct paths God has for different peoples and the importance of following His specific calling for us.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the lineage of Esau, particularly through Eliphaz, influence the future interactions between Edom and Israel?

2. In what ways can understanding the genealogies in Genesis help us appreciate the broader account of the Bible?

3. What lessons can we learn from the ongoing conflict between the descendants of Esau and Israel, and how can we apply these lessons to conflicts in our own lives?

4. How does the role of leadership, as seen in the chiefs of Edom, inform our understanding of spiritual and community leadership today?

5. Considering the distinct paths of Edom and Israel, how can we discern and follow God's specific calling for our lives while respecting the paths of others?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 17
The Amalekites, descendants of Amalek, attack Israel, highlighting the ongoing conflict between the two nations.

1 Samuel 15
King Saul's battle against the Amalekites, illustrating the enduring enmity and God's command to destroy them.

Obadiah 1
Prophecies against Edom, reflecting the tension and judgment against Esau's descendants.