1 Chronicles 1:36

The sons of Eliphaz: Teman, Omar, Zepho, Gatam, and Kenaz; and by Timna, Amalek.

Study Bible

The sons of Eliphaz:
Eliphaz was the eldest son of Esau, the brother of Jacob, and his lineage is significant in understanding the Edomite tribes. The Edomites were descendants of Esau and often in conflict with Israel. Eliphaz's name means "God is pure gold," indicating a noble or strong character, which is reflected in the prominence of his descendants.

Teman:
Teman is often associated with wisdom and might, as seen in the Book of Job, where one of Job's friends is named Eliphaz the Temanite. The region of Teman was known for its wise men and is mentioned in prophetic literature, such as in Obadiah and Jeremiah, as a place of judgment against Edom.

Omar:
Little is known about Omar, but his inclusion in the genealogy highlights the importance of family lineage in biblical narratives. The name Omar means "eloquent" or "speaker," suggesting a person of influence or communication.

Zepho:
Zepho, also known as Zephi in some translations, is another descendant of Eliphaz. His name means "watchtower" or "observer," which may imply a role of vigilance or oversight within the tribe.

Gatam:
Gatam is one of the lesser-known sons of Eliphaz. His name means "their touch" or "their reach," possibly indicating a person of connection or influence. The mention of Gatam underscores the comprehensive nature of genealogical records in Scripture.

Kenaz:
Kenaz is a name that appears multiple times in the Bible, often associated with leadership and military prowess. The Kenizzites were a clan within Edom, and the name means "hunter" or "possessor." Kenaz's descendants include notable figures like Caleb, who played a significant role in the conquest of Canaan.

and by Timna, Amalek:
Timna was a concubine of Eliphaz, and through her, he fathered Amalek. The Amalekites, descendants of Amalek, became one of Israel's most persistent enemies. The conflict between Israel and Amalek is a recurring theme in the Old Testament, symbolizing the ongoing struggle between God's people and their adversaries. Amalek's name means "dweller in a valley," and his lineage is often associated with hostility towards Israel, as seen in the battles during the Exodus and the time of King Saul.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Eliphaz
The firstborn son of Esau, who was the brother of Jacob. Eliphaz is a significant figure as he is the father of several tribes that would become prominent in the region.

2. Teman
A descendant of Eliphaz, Teman is often associated with wisdom and is mentioned in other parts of the Bible as a region known for its wise men.

3. Omar
Another son of Eliphaz, though less is known about him, he is part of the lineage that contributes to the Edomite tribes.

4. Zepho
Also known as Zephi in some translations, he is one of the sons of Eliphaz, contributing to the genealogical record of Esau's descendants.

5. Gatam
A son of Eliphaz, mentioned in the genealogical records, though not much else is detailed about him in the scriptures.

6. Kenaz
Another son of Eliphaz, Kenaz is a name that appears elsewhere in the Bible, sometimes associated with Caleb, a notable figure in the Israelite conquest of Canaan.

7. Timna
A concubine of Eliphaz, she bore Amalek, who would become the father of the Amalekites, a group often in conflict with Israel.

8. Amalek
The son of Eliphaz and Timna, Amalek is the progenitor of the Amalekites, who are frequently mentioned as adversaries of Israel.

Teaching Points

Understanding Lineage and Legacy
The genealogies in the Bible, such as in 1 Chronicles 1:36, remind us of the importance of family heritage and the impact of our ancestors on our present and future. Reflect on how your family history shapes your identity and faith journey.

The Consequences of Conflict
The mention of Amalek and the subsequent history of the Amalekites with Israel serves as a reminder of the long-lasting effects of enmity and conflict. Consider how unresolved conflicts in your life might affect future generations.

God's Sovereignty in History
Despite the conflicts and challenges presented by the descendants of Esau, God's plan for Israel continued to unfold. Trust in God's sovereignty and His ability to work through complex historical and personal circumstances.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does understanding the genealogy of Esau's descendants help us comprehend the broader account of the Old Testament?

2. In what ways can unresolved family conflicts, like those between Israel and the Amalekites, impact future generations?

3. How can we apply the lessons of God's sovereignty in history to our personal lives today?

4. What steps can we take to ensure that our legacy is one of peace and faithfulness rather than conflict and division?

5. How do the genealogies in the Bible, such as in 1 Chronicles 1:36, encourage us to reflect on our own family histories and their spiritual significance?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 36
This chapter provides a parallel genealogy of Esau's descendants, offering additional context and details about the family lines and their significance.

Exodus 17
The Amalekites, descendants of Amalek, are introduced as adversaries of Israel, highlighting the ongoing conflict between these groups.

Obadiah 1
This book prophesies against Edom, the nation descended from Esau, emphasizing the consequences of their actions against Israel.