God
The term "God" here refers to the monotheistic deity central to Christian belief, the Creator and Sustainer of the universe. In the context of Romans, Paul is addressing both Jewish and Gentile audiences, emphasizing that God is impartial and sovereign over all humanity. This aligns with the Old Testament understanding of God as a just and righteous judge, as seen in passages like Deuteronomy 32:4 and Psalm 9:8.

“will repay”
The concept of God repaying individuals is rooted in the biblical principle of divine justice. This phrase echoes the Old Testament, particularly Proverbs 24:12 and Psalm 62:12, which affirm that God will render to each person according to their actions. It underscores the certainty of divine judgment and accountability, a theme prevalent throughout Scripture. The future tense indicates an eschatological perspective, pointing to the final judgment.

each one
This phrase emphasizes the universality of God's judgment. It includes every individual, regardless of ethnicity, social status, or religious background. In the context of Romans, Paul is addressing both Jews and Gentiles, making it clear that all are subject to God's righteous judgment. This reflects the biblical teaching that God shows no partiality, as seen in Acts 10:34-35.

according to his deeds.”
The focus on "deeds" highlights the biblical principle that actions are a reflection of one's faith and character. While salvation is by grace through faith (Ephesians 2:8-9), deeds are evidence of genuine faith (James 2:14-26). This phrase connects to the broader biblical narrative that emphasizes the importance of living a life that reflects God's righteousness and justice. It also serves as a warning against hypocrisy, as seen in Jesus' teachings in Matthew 7:21-23.

1. Paul the Apostle
The author of the Book of Romans, Paul is writing to the believers in Rome, addressing both Jewish and Gentile Christians.

2. The Roman Church
The recipients of the letter, consisting of a diverse group of believers in Rome, facing issues of unity and understanding of the Gospel.

3. God
The ultimate judge who will repay each person according to their deeds, emphasizing His justice and righteousness.

4. Judgment Day
The future event when God will judge all people, rewarding or punishing them based on their actions.

5. Deeds
The actions and behaviors of individuals, which are the basis for God's judgment as mentioned in this verse.God's Justice is Perfect
God's judgment is based on His perfect knowledge and justice. He sees beyond outward appearances and knows the true nature of our deeds.

Deeds Reflect Faith
While salvation is by faith, our deeds are evidence of our faith. True faith will naturally produce good works.

Accountability
We are accountable to God for our actions. This should encourage us to live righteously and in accordance with His will.

Eternal Perspective
Understanding that our deeds have eternal consequences should motivate us to live with an eternal perspective, prioritizing what truly matters.

Grace and Works
While we are saved by grace, not by works, our works are a response to God's grace and a demonstration of our transformed lives.(6) According to his deeds.--The Apostle here lays down with unmistakable definiteness and precision the doctrine that works, what a man has done, the moral tenor of his life, will be the standard by which he will be judged at the last day. There can be no question that this is the consistent doctrine of Scripture. (Comp. Matthew 16:27; Matthew 25:31 et seq.; 2Corinthians 5:10; Galatians 6:7 et seq.; Ephesians 6:8; Colossians 3:24; Revelation 2:23; Revelation 20:12; Revelation 22:12.) How is this to be reconciled with the main theme of the Epistle, the doctrine of justification by faith? . . . Verse 6. - Who will render to every man according to his works. This assertion is no contradiction of the main portion of the Epistle as it proceeds, as to justification being not of works; the phrase here being, not on account of his works, but according to them. "Nequaquam tamen quid valeant, sed quid illis debeatur pretii pronunciat" (Calvin). The ground of justification is not here involved. All that is asserted is what is essential to any true conception of God's justice, viz. that he has regard to what men are in assigning reward or punishment; it is what is given in Hebrews 11:6 as a first principle of faith about God, "that he is a Rewarder of them that diligently seek him." It is further evident from ἑκάστῳ, and still more from all that follows, that all such will be so rewarded, whether before Christ or after his coming, whether knowing him or not knowing him. Nor is the inclusion of the latter inconsistent with the doctrine that salvation is through Christ alone. For the effect of his atonement is represented as retrospective as well as prospective, and as availing virtually for all mankind (cf. Romans 3:25; Romans 5:15, 18, 20). Hence the narrow doctrine of some divines, who would confine the possibility of salvation to those who have had in some way during life a conscious faith in the atonement, is evidently not the doctrine of St. Paul.

Parallel Commentaries ...


[God]
ὃς (hos)
Personal / Relative Pronoun - Nominative Masculine Singular
Strong's 3739: Who, which, what, that.

“will repay
Ἀποδώσει (Apodōsei)
Verb - Future Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular
Strong's 591: From apo and didomi; to give away, i.e. Up, over, back, etc.

each one
ἑκάστῳ (hekastō)
Adjective - Dative Masculine Singular
Strong's 1538: Each (of more than two), every one. As if a superlative of hekas; each or every.

according to
κατὰ (kata)
Preposition
Strong's 2596: A primary particle; down, in varied relations (genitive, dative or accusative) with which it is joined).

his
αὐτοῦ (autou)
Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Singular
Strong's 846: He, she, it, they, them, same. From the particle au; the reflexive pronoun self, used of the third person, and of the other persons.

deeds.”
ἔργα (erga)
Noun - Accusative Neuter Plural
Strong's 2041: From a primary ergo; toil; by implication, an act.


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NT Letters: Romans 2:6 Who will pay back to everyone according (Rom. Ro)