Topical Bible: Garments: Hyke or Upper Garment

◄ Garments: Hyke or Upper Garment ►

Topical Encyclopedia

In biblical times, clothing held significant cultural and symbolic meaning, often reflecting one's social status, occupation, and religious devotion. Among the various garments mentioned in the Bible, the "hyke" or upper garment is noteworthy for its practical and symbolic roles in ancient Near Eastern attire.

Description and Function

The hyke, akin to what is often referred to as an upper garment or cloak, was a versatile piece of clothing worn by both men and women. It typically consisted of a large rectangular piece of cloth, which could be draped over the shoulders and wrapped around the body. This garment served multiple purposes: it provided warmth, protection from the elements, and could even be used as a blanket at night. The hyke was an essential item in the wardrobe of ancient Israelites, reflecting the simplicity and functionality of their daily attire.

Biblical References

The Bible contains several references to upper garments, highlighting their importance in various contexts. In the Old Testament, the cloak is often mentioned in legal and social settings. For instance, in Exodus 22:26-27 , the law concerning pledges states: "If you take your neighbor’s cloak as collateral, return it to him by sunset, because his cloak is the only covering he has for his body. What else will he sleep in? And if he cries out to Me, I will hear him, for I am compassionate." This passage underscores the cloak's essential role as a basic necessity for warmth and protection.

In the New Testament, the upper garment is also significant. In Matthew 5:40 , Jesus teaches about non-retaliation and generosity: "If someone wants to sue you and take your tunic, let him have your cloak as well." Here, the cloak symbolizes not only a material possession but also an opportunity to demonstrate Christ-like love and selflessness.

Symbolism and Cultural Significance

The hyke or upper garment carried symbolic weight in biblical narratives. It was often associated with authority and identity. For example, the prophet Elijah's mantle, a type of upper garment, was a symbol of his prophetic authority. In 2 Kings 2:13-14 , Elisha picks up Elijah's mantle after his ascension, signifying the transfer of prophetic power: "Elisha also picked up the cloak that had fallen from Elijah, and he went back and stood on the bank of the Jordan. Then he took the cloak of Elijah that had fallen from him and struck the waters, saying, 'Where now is the LORD, the God of Elijah?' And when he had struck the waters, they parted to the right and to the left, and Elisha crossed over."

The act of tearing one's garment was a common expression of grief or repentance in biblical times. In Genesis 37:34 , Jacob tears his clothes upon hearing of Joseph's supposed death: "Then Jacob tore his clothes, put sackcloth around his waist, and mourned for his son many days." This act of tearing the upper garment was a powerful outward sign of inner turmoil and sorrow.

Conclusion

The hyke or upper garment, as depicted in the Bible, was more than just a piece of clothing. It was a vital part of daily life, a symbol of authority and identity, and a means of expressing deep emotions. Through its various mentions in Scripture, the upper garment provides insight into the cultural and spiritual fabric of biblical times.

Torrey's Topical Textbook

Deuteronomy 24:13
In any case you shall deliver him the pledge again when the sun goes down, that he may sleep in his own raiment, and bless you: and it shall be righteousness to you before the LORD your God.
Torrey's Topical Textbook

Matthew 21:8
And a very great multitude spread their garments in the way; others cut down branches from the trees, and strewed them in the way.
Torrey's Topical Textbook