The Tree of Life is a significant symbol found in the Bible, representing eternal life and the divine provision of God. It appears prominently in the books of Genesis and Revelation, framing the biblical narrative with its presence at both the beginning and the end of Scripture.

Genesis and the Garden of Eden

The Tree of Life first appears in the Book of Genesis, situated in the Garden of Eden. Genesis 2:9 states, "And out of the ground the LORD God made to grow every tree that is pleasing to the eye and good for food. In the middle of the garden were the tree of life and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil." The Tree of Life, alongside the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil, is central to the narrative of humanity's initial state of innocence and the subsequent fall.

After Adam and Eve's disobedience by eating from the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil, access to the Tree of Life is restricted. Genesis 3:22-24 records, "Then the LORD God said, 'Behold, the man has become like one of Us, knowing good and evil. And now, lest he reach out his hand and take also from the tree of life, and eat, and live forever...' Therefore the LORD God banished him from the Garden of Eden to work the ground from which he had been taken. So He drove out the man and stationed cherubim to the east of the Garden of Eden, along with a whirling sword of flame to guard the way to the tree of life." This passage underscores the loss of eternal life due to sin and the separation from God's perfect provision.

Proverbs and Wisdom Literature

The Tree of Life is also mentioned in the wisdom literature of the Old Testament, where it symbolizes the blessings of wisdom and righteousness. Proverbs 3:18 describes wisdom as "a tree of life to those who embrace her, and those who lay hold of her are blessed." This metaphorical use highlights the life-giving and sustaining power of wisdom, aligning it with the divine source of life.

Additionally, Proverbs 11:30 states, "The fruit of the righteous is a tree of life, and he who wins souls is wise." Here, the Tree of Life represents the positive outcomes and influence of a righteous life, suggesting that living in accordance with God's will brings life and blessing to oneself and others.

Revelation and the Restoration of All Things

The Tree of Life reappears in the Book of Revelation, symbolizing the restoration of eternal life and the fulfillment of God's redemptive plan. Revelation 2:7 promises, "To the one who is victorious, I will grant the right to eat from the tree of life in the paradise of God." This promise is given to those who overcome, indicating the reward of eternal life for the faithful.

In the final chapter of Revelation, the Tree of Life is depicted as part of the New Jerusalem. Revelation 22:1-2 describes, "Then the angel showed me a river of the water of life, as clear as crystal, flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb down the middle of the great street of the city. On either side of the river stood the tree of life, bearing twelve kinds of fruit and yielding a fresh crop for each month. And the leaves of the tree are for the healing of the nations." This imagery conveys the complete restoration and healing available through God's eternal kingdom, where the Tree of Life is accessible to all who dwell in His presence.

Theological Significance

The Tree of Life serves as a powerful symbol of God's provision, the hope of eternal life, and the ultimate restoration of creation. It bookends the biblical narrative, from the original creation and fall to the final redemption and restoration. Through the Tree of Life, Scripture communicates the promise of eternal communion with God, available through faith and obedience.Genesis 2:9
And out of the ground made the LORD God to grow every tree that is pleasant to the sight, and good for food; the tree of life also in the middle of the garden, and the tree of knowledge of good and evil.
Topicalbible.org

Genesis 3:22-24
And the LORD God said, Behold, the man is become as one of us, to know good and evil: and now, lest he put forth his hand, and take also of the tree of life, and eat, and live for ever:
Topicalbible.org

Genesis 3:24
So he drove out the man; and he placed at the east of the garden of Eden Cherubim, and a flaming sword which turned every way, to keep the way of the tree of life.
Topicalbible.org

Revelation 22:2
In the middle of the street of it, and on either side of the river, was there the tree of life, which bore twelve manner of fruits, and yielded her fruit every month: and the leaves of the tree were for the healing of the nations.
Topicalbible.org

Revelation 22:14
Blessed are they that do his commandments, that they may have right to the tree of life, and may enter in through the gates into the city.
Topicalbible.org

Tree of Life

TREE OF LIFE

(`ets chayyim; xulon tes zoes): The expression "tree of life" occurs in four groups or connections: (1) in the story of the Garden of Eden, (2) in the Proverbs of the Wise Men, (3) in the apocryphal writings, and (4) in the Apocalypse of John.

1. The Tree of Life in the Garden of Eden:

The tree was in the midst of the Garden, and its fruit of such a nature as to produce physical immortality (Genesis 2:9; Genesis 3:22). After guiltily partaking of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, and the sinful tendency having thus been implanted in their natures, the man and woman are driven forth from the Garden lest they should eat of the tree of life and live forever (Genesis 3:22). The idea seems to be that, if they should eat of it and become immortalized in their sinful condition, it would be an unspeakable calamity to them and their posterity. For sinful beings to live forever upon earth would be inconceivably disastrous, for the redemption and development of the race would be an impossibility in that condition. Earth would soon have been a hell with sin propagating itself forever. To prevent such a possibility they were driven forth, cherubim were placed at the entrance of the Garden, the flame of a sword revolving every way kept the way of the tree of life, and this prevented the possibility of man possessing a physical immortality. It is implied that they had not yet partaken of this tree and the opportunity is now forever gone. Immortality must be reached in some other way.

The interpretation of the story is a standing problem. Is it mythical, allegorical, or historical? Opinions vary from one of these extremes to the other with all degrees of difference between. In general, interpreters may be divided into three classes:

(1) Many regard the story as a myth, an ancient representation of what men then conceived early man to have been, but with no historical basis behind it. All rationalistic and modern critical scholars are practically agreed on this. Budde in his Urgeschichte says there was but one tree, that is the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, and the intimation of a tree of life is an interpolation. Barton has endeavored to show that the tree of life was really the date-palm, and the myth gathered around this tree because of its bisexual nature. He holds that man came to his self-realization through the sexual relation, and therefore the date-palm came to be regarded as the tree of life, and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. But this difference came in later when the knowledge of its origin became obscured. He calls attention to the fact that the sacred palm is found in the sanctuary of Ea at Eridu. All such interpretations are too obviously based upon a materialistic evolution hypothesis.

(2) There are those who regard the entire story as literal: one tree would actually impart physical immortality, the other the knowledge of evil. But this involves endless difficulties also, requires tremendous differences between the laws of Nature then and now, vast differences in fruits, men and animals, and an equally vast difference in God's dealings with man.

(3) We prefer to regard it as a pictorial-spiritual story, the representing of great spiritual facts and religious history in the form of a picture. This is the usual Bible method. It was constantly employed by the prophets, and Jesus continually "pictured" great spiritual facts by means of material objects. Such were most of His parables. John's Apocalypse is also a series of pictures representing spiritual and moral history. So the tree of life is a picture of the glorious possibilities which lay before primitive man, and which might have been realized by him had not his sin and sinful condition prevented it. God's intervention was a great mercy to the human race. Immortality in sin is rendered impossible, and this has made possible an immortality through redemption; man at first is pictured as neither mortal nor immortal, but both are possible, as represented by the two trees. He sinned and became mortal, and then immortality was denied him. It has since been made possible in a much higher and more glorious way.

2. A Common Poetic Simile:

This picture was not lost to Israel. The "tree of life," became a common poetic simile to represent that which may be a source of great blessing. In the Book of Pr the conception deepens from a physical source of a mere physical immortality to a moral and spiritual source of a full life, mental moral and spiritual, which will potentially last forever. Life, long life, is here attributed to a certain possession or quality of mind and heart. Wisdom is a source and supply of life to man. This wisdom is essentially of a moral quality, and this moral force brings the whole man into right relations with the source of life. Hence, a man truly lives by reason of this relationship (Proverbs 3:18). The allusion in this verse is doubtless to Genesis 2:9; Genesis 3:22. An expression very similar is Proverbs 10:11, where the mouth of the righteous is declared to be a fountain of life. Good words are a power for good, and hence, produce good living. Proverbs 11:30 has a like thought: "The fruit of the righteous is a tree of life," i.e. the good life is a source of good in its influence on others. Proverbs 13:12 says: "Hope deferred maketh the heart sick; but when the desire cometh, it is a tree of life." The meaning seems to be that the gratification of good and lawful desires produces those pleasures and activities which make up life and its blessings. Proverbs 15:4 says: "A gentle tongue is a tree of life," i.e. its beneficent influences help others to a better life.

3. The Apocryphal Writings:

The apocryphal writings contain a few references to the tree of life, but use the phrase in a different sense from that in which it is used in the canonical books: "They shall have the tree of life for an ointment of sweet savour" (2 Esdras 2:12). Ecclesiasticus 1:20 has only an indirect reference to it. Ethiopic Enoch, in his picture of the Messianic age, uses his imagination very freely in describing it: "It has a fragrance beyond all fragrances; its leaves and bloom and wood wither not forever; its fruit is beautiful and resembles the date-palm" (24:4). Slavonic Enoch speaks thus: "In the midst there is the tree of life.... and this tree cannot be described for its excellence and sweet odor" (8:3). 2 Esdras describing the future says: "Unto you is paradise opened, the tree of life is planted" (8:52).

4. The Book of Revelation:

The Apocalypse of John refers to the tree of life in three places (Revelation 2:7; Revelation 22:2, 14). These are pictures of the glorious possibilities of life which await the redeemed soul. In Ezekiel's picture of the ideal state and the Messianic age, there flows from the sanctuary of God a life-giving river having trees upon its banks on either side, yielding fruit every month. The leaf of this tree would not wither, nor its fruit fail, because that which gave moisture to its roots flowed from the sanctuary. This fruit was for food and the leaves for medicine (Ezekiel 47:12). Very similar to this and probably an expansion of it is John's picture in Revelation: "To him that overcometh, to him will I give to eat of the tree of life, which is in the Paradise of God" (2:7). This means that all the possibilities of a complete and glorious life are open to the one that overcomes, and by overcoming is prepared to become immortal in a vastly higher sense than was possible to primitive man. In his picture of the few Jerusalem, the river of water of life has the tree of life on either side (22:2). Its leaf never fades and its monthly fruitage never fails. Food and medicine these are to be to the world, supplied freely to all that all may enjoy the highest possibilities of activity and blessedness which can come to those who are in right relationships with God and Jesus Christ. In 22:14 John pronounces a blessing on those who wash their robes, who lead the clean and pure Christ life, for they thereby have the right and privilege of entering into the gates of the City and partaking of the tree of life. This means not only immortal existence, but such relations with Jesus Christ and the church that each has unrestricted access to all that is good in the universe of God. The limit is his own limited capacity.

James Josiah Reeve

The Tree of Life.
... THE TREE OF LIFE. "The fruit of the righteous is a tree of life," says
Proverbs. How wonderful! how inspiring! The fruit borne by ...
/.../orr/food for the lambs or helps for young christians/the tree of life.htm

The Tree of Life.
... Hymn 3:8. The tree of life. ... 3 The tree of life that near the throne In heaven's high
garden grows, Laden with grace, bends gently down Its ever-smiling boughs. ...
/.../christianbookshelf.org/watts/hymns and spiritual songs/hymn 3 8 the tree of.htm

Of the Tree of Life and Death.
... XXXV."Of the Tree of Life and Death. Adam was the ... beginning. Now stretch forth
your hand, and take of the tree of life. The excellent ...
/.../commodianus/the instructions of commodianus/xxxv of the tree of life.htm

The Tree of Life
... Hymns, Book II HYMN 8 The tree of life. CM The tree of life. [COME, Jet us join
a joyful tune,. To our exalted Lord,. Ye saints on high around his throne,. ...
/.../watts/the psalms and hymns of isaac watts/hymn 8 the tree of.htm

Whether in the State of Innocence Man Would have Acquired ...
... OF THE INDIVIDUAL IN THE PRIMITIVE STATE (FOUR ARTICLES) Whether in the state of
innocence man would have acquired immortality by the tree of life? ...
//christianbookshelf.org/aquinas/summa theologica/whether in the state of 5.htm

On the Sacraments of the Old Testament, the Tree of Life ...
... DISPUTATION LXI ON THE SACRAMENTS OF THE OLD TESTAMENT, THE TREE OF LIFE,
CIRCUMCISION, AND THE PASCHAL LAMB. The tree of life was ...
/.../the works of james arminius vol 2/disputation lxi on the sacraments.htm

Celsus, Moreover, Thinks that we have Invented this "Tree of Life" ...
... Chapter XXXVII. Celsus, moreover, thinks that we have invented this "tree
of life" to give an allegorical? Celsus, moreover, thinks ...
/.../origen/origen against celsus/chapter xxxvii celsus moreover thinks.htm

The Provisions for the Table of Our Lord; Or, the Tree of Life ...
... Hymns. Book 3. Prepared for the Lord's Supper. Hymn 3:20. The provisions for
the table of our Lord; or, The tree of life, and river of love. ...
/.../watts/hymns and spiritual songs/hymn 3 20 the provisions for.htm

On the Covenant into which God Entered with Our First Parents
... reward which answers to the observance of the symbolical law, is the free enjoyment
of the fruits of Paradise, and the power to eat of the tree of life, by the ...
/.../arminius/the works of james arminius vol 2/disputation xxix on the covenant.htm

He Endeavours to Prove this Opinion from Isaiah and the Apocalypse ...
... eat. For according to the days of the tree of life shall be the days of my
people; the works of their toil shall abound. [2268] Mine ...
/.../chapter lxxxi he endeavours to prove.htm

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