Then the LORD said
The phrase begins with "Then," indicating a continuation of the narrative from the previous chapter. The Hebrew word for "LORD" here is "YHWH," the sacred and personal name of God, emphasizing His covenant relationship with humanity. This divine communication underscores God's direct involvement and guidance in the unfolding events. It is a reminder of God's sovereignty and His active role in the lives of those who are faithful to Him.

to Noah
Noah, whose name means "rest" or "comfort," is a pivotal figure in the Genesis narrative. He is depicted as a righteous man in a corrupt world, chosen by God to preserve humanity and animal life through the impending flood. Noah's obedience and faith set him apart, making him a model of righteousness and trust in God's promises.

Go into the ark
The command "Go into the ark" is both an instruction and an invitation. The ark, a massive vessel built according to God's specifications, symbolizes salvation and refuge from the coming judgment. The Hebrew word for "ark" is "tebah," which also refers to the basket that saved Moses, highlighting themes of deliverance and divine protection. This command signifies a transition from preparation to action, as Noah and his family are called to enter the safety God has provided.

you and all your household
This phrase emphasizes the communal aspect of salvation. Noah's righteousness extends protection to his entire household, illustrating the biblical principle that the faithfulness of one can bring blessings to many. It reflects the importance of family and community in God's plan, as well as the responsibility of spiritual leadership within the family unit.

because I have found you righteous
The declaration of Noah's righteousness is significant. The Hebrew word for "righteous" is "tsaddiq," denoting someone who is just, lawful, and in right standing with God. This righteousness is not based on Noah's perfection but on his faith and obedience to God. It serves as a testament to the possibility of living a godly life even in a corrupt world, and it foreshadows the New Testament teaching of righteousness through faith.

in this generation
The phrase "in this generation" highlights the contrast between Noah and the rest of humanity. In a time characterized by widespread wickedness and moral decay, Noah stands out as a beacon of faithfulness. This distinction underscores the biblical theme of the remnant—those who remain faithful to God amidst a fallen world. It serves as an encouragement to believers to maintain their integrity and faith, regardless of the prevailing cultural or societal norms.

You are to take with you
This phrase indicates a direct command from God to Noah, emphasizing obedience and divine instruction. The Hebrew root for "take" is "laqach," which implies receiving or fetching. This command underscores the active role Noah must play in God's plan, highlighting the partnership between divine sovereignty and human responsibility.

seven pairs of every kind of clean animal
The specification of "seven pairs" is significant, as it goes beyond the typical pair of animals. The number seven in the Bible often symbolizes completeness or perfection, suggesting that God's provision is thorough and abundant. The term "clean" refers to animals that were later deemed suitable for sacrifice and consumption according to Levitical law, though these laws were not yet given. This anticipates the sacrificial system and points to the importance of purity and holiness in worship.

a male and its mate
This phrase emphasizes the importance of preserving the species through procreation. The Hebrew word for "male" is "zakar," and "mate" is "neqebah," highlighting the complementary nature of male and female in God's creation. This reflects the creation mandate in Genesis 1:28 to "be fruitful and multiply," underscoring the continuity of life even amidst judgment.

a pair of every kind of unclean animal
In contrast to the clean animals, only one pair of each unclean animal is taken. The distinction between clean and unclean animals is foundational for understanding later Jewish dietary laws. The Hebrew word for "unclean" is "tame," which conveys the idea of impurity or defilement. This distinction foreshadows the separation between holy and common, clean and unclean, which is a recurring theme in Scripture.

a male and its mate
Reiterating the earlier phrase, this repetition underscores the importance of preserving life through pairs. It also highlights God's care for all His creation, even those deemed unclean. The preservation of both clean and unclean animals demonstrates God's comprehensive plan for the post-flood world, ensuring ecological balance and the continuation of all species.

and also seven
The phrase "and also seven" indicates a specific divine instruction given to Noah. The number seven in the Bible often symbolizes completeness or perfection, reflecting God's perfect plan for creation and preservation. In the context of the flood narrative, the number seven signifies the completeness of God's provision for the continuation of life. The Hebrew word for seven, "שִׁבְעָה" (shiv'ah), is rooted in the idea of fullness and abundance, underscoring God's thorough care in ensuring the survival of His creation.

of every kind of bird
This phrase emphasizes the diversity and richness of God's creation. The Hebrew word for "kind" is "מִין" (min), which refers to a category or species. God's command to preserve "every kind of bird" highlights His intention to maintain the ecological balance and biodiversity of the earth. Birds, often seen as symbols of freedom and transcendence, represent the beauty and variety of life that God cherishes and seeks to protect.

male and female
The specification of "male and female" underscores the importance of procreation and the continuation of species. This mirrors the creation narrative in Genesis 1, where God created living creatures according to their kinds, male and female, to be fruitful and multiply. The Hebrew words "זָכָר" (zakar) for male and "נְקֵבָה" (neqebah) for female highlight the complementary nature of the sexes in God's design, ensuring the perpetuation of life through reproduction.

to keep their offspring alive
This phrase reveals God's purpose in preserving the animals: the continuation of life on earth. The Hebrew word "חַי" (chai), meaning life, is central to this purpose. God's covenant with Noah includes the promise of life and renewal after the flood. This directive to "keep their offspring alive" reflects God's enduring commitment to His creation, ensuring that life would flourish once again after the judgment of the flood.

on the face of all the earth
The phrase "on the face of all the earth" signifies the global scope of God's plan. The Hebrew word for earth, "אֶרֶץ" (eretz), encompasses the entire world, indicating that God's concern and provision extend to all creation. This underscores the universality of God's covenant with Noah, which is not limited to a specific region or people but encompasses the whole earth. It serves as a reminder of God's sovereignty and His overarching plan for redemption and restoration of the world.

For in seven days
The phrase "seven days" is significant throughout the Bible, often symbolizing completeness or divine perfection. In the Hebrew context, the number seven is associated with God's creation week, where He created the world in six days and rested on the seventh. Here, it indicates a period of divine preparation and finality before the onset of judgment. This time frame allowed Noah and his family to make final preparations, emphasizing God's mercy and patience even in judgment.

I will send rain
The Hebrew word for "rain" here is "מָטָר" (matar), which signifies a heavy downpour. This is not just a natural occurrence but a divine act of judgment. Rain, typically a blessing for growth and sustenance, is transformed into an instrument of God's righteous wrath. This duality highlights God's sovereignty over creation, where He can use the elements for both blessing and judgment.

on the earth
The term "earth" (אֶרֶץ, erets) in Hebrew can refer to the land, ground, or the entire world. In this context, it underscores the universality of the impending flood. The judgment is not localized but global, affecting all of creation. This reflects the pervasive nature of sin and the necessity of a comprehensive divine response.

for forty days and forty nights
The number forty in the Bible often represents a period of testing, trial, or judgment. Examples include the Israelites' forty years in the wilderness and Jesus' forty days of fasting. Here, it signifies a complete and thorough judgment, a time sufficient to cleanse the earth of its corruption. The dual mention of "days and nights" emphasizes the unrelenting nature of the flood, with no respite from the divine deluge.

and every living thing
This phrase underscores the totality of the judgment. The Hebrew word for "living thing" is "חַי" (chai), which encompasses all forms of life. It reflects the gravity of sin's impact on creation, necessitating a reset of the created order. This also foreshadows the new beginning that will follow, as God preserves a remnant through Noah.

that I have made
The phrase "I have made" highlights God's role as the Creator. It is a reminder of His authority over all life and His right to judge His creation. This divine ownership underscores the seriousness of humanity's rebellion, as it is against the very One who gave them life.

I will blot out
The Hebrew word "מָחָה" (machah) means to wipe out or erase. This conveys the thoroughness of God's judgment, akin to erasing a slate. It is a sobering reminder of the consequences of sin, yet it also points to God's ability to renew and restore, as He will later do with Noah and his descendants.

from the face of the earth
This phrase emphasizes the complete removal of life from the earth's surface. It serves as a stark reminder of the consequences of sin and the holiness of God, who cannot tolerate iniquity. Yet, it also sets the stage for redemption and renewal, as God will establish a covenant with Noah, ensuring the continuation of life and the promise of salvation.

And Noah
The name "Noah" comes from the Hebrew root "נח" (Noach), meaning "rest" or "comfort." Noah is a pivotal figure in the Genesis narrative, representing a remnant of righteousness in a world filled with corruption. His name signifies the role he plays in God's plan to bring rest and renewal to the earth through the flood. Noah's life is a testament to the power of faith and obedience, serving as a precursor to the ultimate rest found in Christ.

did
The Hebrew word for "did" is "עשׂה" (asah), which means to do, make, or accomplish. This action word emphasizes Noah's active obedience to God's commands. It is not merely a passive acceptance but a deliberate and faithful execution of God's will. Noah's actions reflect a life of faith in action, demonstrating that true belief is evidenced by obedience.

all
The word "all" underscores the completeness and thoroughness of Noah's obedience. He did not pick and choose which commands to follow; he adhered to every instruction given by God. This total obedience is a model for believers, illustrating the importance of wholehearted commitment to God's directives. It challenges us to examine our own lives and consider whether we are fully surrendered to God's will.

that the LORD
The term "LORD" is translated from the Hebrew "יהוה" (YHWH), the sacred and personal name of God. This name is often associated with God's covenantal faithfulness and His eternal, unchanging nature. The use of "LORD" here highlights the personal relationship between Noah and God, reminding us that obedience is rooted in a relationship with a faithful and loving Creator.

had commanded
The Hebrew word for "commanded" is "צוה" (tsavah), which means to order or instruct. This term indicates that God's instructions to Noah were not suggestions but authoritative directives. It reflects God's sovereign authority and the expectation of obedience from His creation. Noah's response to God's command is a powerful example of submission to divine authority, encouraging believers to trust and obey God's guidance in their own lives.

him
The word "him" personalizes the command, indicating that God's instructions were specifically directed to Noah. This personal aspect of God's communication underscores the intimate relationship between God and His faithful servant. It serves as a reminder that God knows each of us individually and calls us to specific tasks and purposes in His divine plan. Noah's obedience to God's personal command is an inspiration for believers to listen for and respond to God's unique calling in their own lives.

Now Noah
The name "Noah" is derived from the Hebrew root "נח" (Noach), meaning "rest" or "comfort." This is significant as Noah's life and mission were to bring a form of rest to the earth through obedience to God amidst a corrupt generation. Noah's character is a testament to faithfulness and righteousness, as he found favor in the eyes of the Lord (Genesis 6:8). His life serves as a reminder of the peace and comfort that come from walking with God, even when surrounded by chaos.

was six hundred years old
The mention of Noah's age, "six hundred years old," underscores the longevity of life before the flood, a topic of much discussion among theologians and historians. This extended lifespan is often seen as a sign of the antediluvian world, where humanity had not yet been subjected to the full effects of sin's corruption. Noah's age also highlights his wisdom and experience, qualities that equipped him to undertake the monumental task of building the ark and leading his family through the flood. It serves as a reminder that God prepares and equips His servants for the tasks He sets before them, regardless of their age.

when the floodwaters came
The phrase "when the floodwaters came" marks a pivotal moment in biblical history, representing God's judgment on a sinful world. The floodwaters are a symbol of both destruction and purification, as they cleanse the earth of its wickedness while preserving Noah and his family. This event foreshadows the ultimate judgment and redemption found in Christ, who offers salvation to those who, like Noah, walk in righteousness. The floodwaters also remind us of the importance of obedience and faith, as Noah's adherence to God's commands ensured the survival of humanity and the continuation of God's covenant.

upon the earth
The phrase "upon the earth" emphasizes the global impact of the flood, affecting all of creation. This universal scope serves as a reminder of God's sovereignty over the entire world and His power to execute His will. It also highlights the seriousness of sin and its consequences, as the earth itself bore the brunt of humanity's rebellion. Yet, within this judgment, there is hope, as God preserves a remnant through Noah, ensuring the continuation of His plan for redemption. This serves as an encouragement to believers that, even in times of widespread judgment, God remains faithful to His promises and provides a way of salvation.

And Noah
The name "Noah" is derived from the Hebrew root "נח" (nach), meaning "rest" or "comfort." This is significant as Noah is seen as a figure of rest amidst the chaos of the flood. In a world filled with corruption and violence, Noah stands as a beacon of righteousness and obedience to God. His life exemplifies faith and trust in God's promises, serving as a model for believers to find rest in God's provision and plan.

and his wife
The mention of Noah's wife, though unnamed in the text, highlights the importance of family unity and support in fulfilling God's commands. In the patriarchal society of the time, the inclusion of Noah's wife underscores the role of women in God's salvific plan. It also reflects the biblical principle of partnership in marriage, where both husband and wife work together in obedience to God.

and his sons
Noah's sons—Shem, Ham, and Japheth—are integral to the continuation of humanity post-flood. Their inclusion signifies the importance of generational faithfulness and the transmission of God's covenant promises. The family unit is central to God's plan, and Noah's sons represent the hope of a renewed creation, tasked with repopulating and stewarding the earth.

and their wives
The mention of the sons' wives further emphasizes the theme of family and continuity. These women are crucial for the propagation of the human race and the fulfillment of God's command to "be fruitful and multiply" (Genesis 1:28). Their presence in the ark signifies the inclusivity of God's salvation, extending beyond Noah to his entire family.

entered the ark
The act of entering the ark is a profound demonstration of faith and obedience. The ark, a vessel of salvation, symbolizes God's protection and deliverance from judgment. By entering the ark, Noah and his family place their trust in God's provision, foreshadowing the ultimate salvation found in Christ. The ark serves as a type of Christ, offering refuge and safety from the wrath to come.

to escape the waters of the flood
The floodwaters represent God's judgment on a sinful world, a cleansing of the earth from its corruption. The phrase "to escape" underscores the urgency and necessity of seeking refuge in God's appointed means of salvation. It serves as a reminder of the reality of divine judgment and the grace extended to those who heed God's warnings. The flood narrative calls believers to live in reverence and obedience, trusting in God's promises of redemption and restoration.

The clean and unclean animals
This phrase refers to the distinction God made between animals that were considered ritually pure and those that were not. The Hebrew words for "clean" (טָהוֹר, tahor) and "unclean" (טָמֵא, tamei) are significant in the Levitical laws, which were later given to Moses. This distinction is foundational for understanding the dietary laws in Leviticus 11 and Deuteronomy 14. From a historical perspective, these categories were not only about dietary restrictions but also about maintaining a sense of holiness and separation for the Israelites. Theologically, this distinction foreshadows the need for purity and holiness in the life of believers, as emphasized in the New Testament (1 Peter 1:16).

the birds
Birds, in the Hebrew text (עוֹף, oph), are often symbolic of freedom and the heavens, as they are creatures of the sky. In the context of Noah's Ark, birds represent the diversity of God's creation and His care for all living things. The inclusion of birds in the Ark narrative underscores the completeness of God's plan for preservation and the renewal of life on earth. Birds also play a significant role later in the narrative when Noah sends out a raven and a dove to determine if the floodwaters had receded (Genesis 8:7-12).

and everything that crawls along the ground
This phrase encompasses all creeping creatures, referred to in Hebrew as רֶמֶשׂ (remes). These creatures, often overlooked, are a testament to the comprehensive nature of God's creation. The inclusion of these animals in the Ark narrative highlights God's attention to detail and His desire to preserve every aspect of His creation. It serves as a reminder of the interconnectedness of all life and the responsibility humanity has to care for the earth and its creatures, as originally commanded in Genesis 1:28.

two by two
This phrase emphasizes the orderly and purposeful nature of God's instructions. The Hebrew root for "two" is "שְׁנַיִם" (shenayim), which signifies a pair or couple. The repetition of "two" underscores the completeness and balance in God's creation, reflecting His intention for preservation and continuity of life. The pairing also symbolizes unity and cooperation, essential for the survival and propagation of species.

they came to Noah
The phrase "they came" suggests a divinely orchestrated movement. The Hebrew verb "בּוֹא" (bo) means to come or enter, indicating that the animals were drawn to Noah by God's sovereign will. This highlights Noah's role as a faithful servant and steward, chosen by God to fulfill a critical part of His redemptive plan. It also reflects the obedience of creation to the Creator's command, a theme that runs throughout the biblical narrative.

into the ark
The ark, or "תֵּבָה" (tevah) in Hebrew, serves as a symbol of salvation and refuge. It represents God's provision and protection amidst judgment. The act of entering the ark signifies a transition from the old world, marked by sin and corruption, to a new beginning. The ark is a type of Christ, offering safety and deliverance to those who enter by faith.

male and female
This phrase underscores the importance of gender complementarity in God's design. The Hebrew words "זָכָר" (zakar) for male and "נְקֵבָה" (neqebah) for female highlight the distinct and complementary roles within creation. This pairing ensures the continuation of life and reflects the divine order established in Genesis 1:27. It also points to the broader biblical theme of partnership and unity in fulfilling God's purposes.

as God had commanded Noah
The phrase "as God had commanded" emphasizes obedience to divine instruction. The Hebrew word "צִוָּה" (tsavah) means to command or charge, indicating a directive from a higher authority. Noah's compliance with God's command reflects his righteousness and faith, as noted in Genesis 6:22. This obedience is a model for believers, illustrating the importance of trusting and following God's guidance, even when the path is not fully understood.

And after seven days
This phrase marks a significant period of waiting and preparation. The number seven in the Bible often symbolizes completeness or divine perfection, as seen in the creation week. Here, it indicates a divinely appointed time of grace and final preparation for Noah and his family. The seven days could also be seen as a period of mourning for the world that was about to be judged, reflecting God's patience and mercy even in the face of impending judgment.

the floodwaters
The term "floodwaters" refers to the deluge that God sent to cleanse the earth of its widespread corruption and violence. In Hebrew, the word used is "mabbul," which is unique to the Genesis flood narrative, emphasizing the singularity and magnitude of this event. The floodwaters symbolize both judgment and renewal, as they destroy the old, sinful world and pave the way for a new beginning. This duality reflects God's justice and His redemptive purposes.

came upon the earth
This phrase signifies the fulfillment of God's warning and the execution of His judgment. The Hebrew word for "earth" is "erets," which can mean land, country, or the entire world, indicating the global scope of the flood. The floodwaters coming upon the earth demonstrate God's sovereign control over creation, as He uses the elements to accomplish His will. This event serves as a powerful reminder of God's authority and the seriousness of sin, while also pointing to His ultimate plan for redemption through Jesus Christ, who offers salvation from the judgment to come.

In the six hundredth year of Noah’s life
This phrase situates the event within a specific timeframe, emphasizing the historical nature of the narrative. The age of Noah, six hundred years, underscores the longevity of pre-flood generations, a testament to the antediluvian world described in Genesis. The Hebrew word for "year" is "שָׁנָה" (shanah), which not only marks time but also signifies a complete cycle, indicating the fullness of time for God's judgment to commence.

on the seventeenth day of the second month
The specificity of the date highlights the precision and orderliness of God's plan. The Hebrew calendar, which is lunar-based, places this event in the spring, a time of renewal and new beginnings. The number seventeen in biblical numerology often symbolizes overcoming the enemy and complete victory, foreshadowing the deliverance of Noah and his family.

on that day
This phrase emphasizes the immediacy and suddenness of the event. It marks a definitive point in history when God's judgment was executed. The Hebrew word "יוֹם" (yom) for "day" can also imply a period of time, but here it underscores the literal day when the flood began, reinforcing the historical reality of the event.

all the springs of the great deep burst forth
The "springs of the great deep" refers to subterranean waters, suggesting a cataclysmic geological event. The Hebrew word "תְּהוֹם" (tehom) for "deep" is often associated with the primordial waters of creation, indicating a return to chaos as God unravels the created order. This bursting forth signifies the unleashing of divine power and judgment upon a corrupt world.

and the floodgates of the heavens were opened
This phrase describes the opening of the "windows" or "floodgates" of heaven, a poetic expression for torrential rain. The Hebrew word "אֲרֻבָּה" (arubbah) for "floodgates" suggests a controlled release, indicating that God is sovereign over the forces of nature. The heavens, once a source of blessing, now become an instrument of judgment, reflecting the reversal of creation's intended harmony due to human sin.

And the rain fell
The phrase "And the rain fell" marks the commencement of a divine intervention that is both literal and symbolic. In Hebrew, the word for rain here is "מָטָר" (matar), which signifies not just a natural phenomenon but an act of God’s judgment and cleansing. Rain, in this context, is a tool of divine justice, purifying the earth from its corruption. Historically, rain was often seen as a blessing, essential for life and agriculture, but here it becomes an instrument of God's wrath, illustrating the dual nature of God's power to both give life and take it away.

upon the earth
The phrase "upon the earth" emphasizes the universality of the flood. The Hebrew word for earth, "אֶרֶץ" (erets), can mean land, country, or the whole world. In this context, it underscores the global scope of the flood, affecting all of creation. This is not a localized event but a worldwide judgment, reflecting the pervasive nature of sin and the need for a comprehensive cleansing. Archaeological evidence of ancient flood narratives across various cultures supports the idea of a significant flood event, lending historical context to this biblical account.

forty days and forty nights
The duration "forty days and forty nights" is significant in biblical numerology. The number forty often symbolizes a period of testing, trial, and purification. In Hebrew, the number forty is "אַרְבָּעִים" (arba'im), and it recurs throughout Scripture in contexts of transformation and preparation, such as Israel's forty years in the wilderness and Jesus' forty days of fasting. This period signifies a complete cycle of judgment and renewal, where the old is washed away to make way for a new beginning. Theologically, it points to God's patience and thoroughness in executing His plans, ensuring that His purposes are fully accomplished.

On that very day
This phrase emphasizes the immediacy and precision of God's timing. In Hebrew, the phrase is "בְּעֶצֶם הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה" (be'etzem hayom hazeh), which conveys a sense of urgency and divine appointment. It underscores the fulfillment of God's command and the culmination of Noah's obedience. The phrase suggests that God's plans are executed with exactness, reinforcing the belief in His sovereign control over time and events.

Noah entered the ark
Noah's entry into the ark is a pivotal moment of faith and obedience. The Hebrew word for "entered" is "בּוֹא" (bo), which implies a deliberate action. Noah's entry signifies his trust in God's promise of salvation amidst impending judgment. This act of entering the ark is symbolic of entering into God's protection and grace, a theme that resonates throughout Scripture as a call to seek refuge in the Lord.

along with his sons Shem, Ham, and Japheth
The mention of Noah's sons by name highlights the familial aspect of God's covenant. Shem, Ham, and Japheth represent the continuation of humanity and the diversity of nations that will arise from them. Their inclusion signifies the importance of family in God's redemptive plan and the transmission of faith across generations. The genealogical records in Genesis trace the origins of various peoples, underscoring the unity and diversity of the human race under God's sovereignty.

and his wife and the wives of his three sons
The inclusion of Noah's wife and the wives of his sons emphasizes the role of women in God's plan of salvation. Although their names are not mentioned, their presence is crucial for the propagation of life after the flood. This highlights the biblical theme of partnership and the complementary roles of men and women in fulfilling God's purposes. The family unit, as ordained by God, is portrayed as a foundational element in the preservation and continuation of humanity.

They
This word refers to Noah and his family, who were obedient to God's command to enter the ark. In Hebrew, the word is "hem," which emphasizes the collective unity and obedience of Noah's family. Their faithfulness is a testament to their righteousness in a world filled with corruption, highlighting the importance of familial unity and obedience to God's will.

every kind of wild animal
The phrase "every kind" underscores the diversity of God's creation. The Hebrew word "min" is used here, indicating species or kinds. This reflects the comprehensive nature of God's plan to preserve life on earth. It serves as a reminder of the intricate and intentional design of creation, where every creature has a purpose and place within God's order.

livestock
This term refers to domesticated animals that were essential for human survival and prosperity. The Hebrew word "behemah" is used, which often denotes animals used for labor or food. The inclusion of livestock in the ark signifies God's provision and care for human needs, ensuring that life could continue after the flood.

crawling creature
The phrase "crawling creature" translates from the Hebrew "remes," which includes small animals and reptiles. This highlights God's attention to even the smallest aspects of creation. It serves as a reminder that in God's eyes, all life is valuable and worthy of preservation, reflecting His comprehensive care for the world.

bird
The Hebrew word "oph" is used here, encompassing all flying creatures. Birds are often seen as symbols of freedom and transcendence in the Bible. Their inclusion in the ark narrative signifies the breadth of God's salvation plan, extending to all corners of creation, and serves as a metaphor for the hope and renewal that follows obedience to God.

everything that moves upon the earth
This phrase captures the totality of God's creation. The Hebrew "kol-haromes" emphasizes the inclusivity of God's covenant with Noah. It is a powerful reminder of God's sovereignty over all life and His commitment to preserving it. This comprehensive inclusion underscores the theme of redemption and restoration that runs throughout the biblical narrative.

They came to Noah
This phrase indicates a divinely orchestrated movement of the animals towards Noah. The Hebrew root for "came" is "בּוֹא" (bo), which often implies a purposeful arrival or entrance. This suggests that the animals' approach was not random but guided by God's sovereign will. Historically, this reflects the belief in God's control over creation, emphasizing His authority and the obedience of all creatures to His command.

to enter the ark
The ark, "תֵּבָה" (tevah) in Hebrew, is a symbol of salvation and divine protection. The act of entering the ark signifies a transition from the old world, destined for destruction, to a new beginning. This mirrors the Christian concept of salvation through Christ, where believers are called to enter into a covenant relationship with God for eternal safety.

two by two
This phrase underscores the order and purpose in God's creation. The pairing of animals ensures the preservation of each species, highlighting God's foresight and care for His creation. The repetition of "two by two" throughout the flood narrative emphasizes the completeness and balance in God's plan, reflecting the biblical theme of partnership and unity.

of every creature
The Hebrew word for "creature" is "חַיָּה" (chayah), which can also mean "living thing" or "animal." This inclusivity demonstrates God's comprehensive care for all forms of life, not just humanity. It serves as a reminder of the interconnectedness of all living beings and God's intention to preserve the diversity of His creation.

with the breath of life
The "breath of life" is a profound concept, rooted in the Hebrew "נִשְׁמַת חַיִּים" (nishmat chayyim). This phrase first appears in Genesis 2:7, where God breathes life into Adam, signifying the divine spark within all living creatures. It highlights the sanctity of life and God's intimate involvement in the act of creation. The preservation of creatures with the "breath of life" underscores the value God places on life and His desire to sustain it through the flood.

So they entered
This phrase marks the culmination of obedience to divine instruction. The Hebrew root for "entered" is "בּוֹא" (bo), which implies a purposeful action of coming or going. This entry signifies the fulfillment of God's command and the beginning of divine protection. It is a moment of transition from the old world to the new, symbolizing faith in action.

male and female
The phrase underscores the completeness and order of God's creation. The Hebrew words "זָכָר" (zakar) for male and "נְקֵבָה" (neqebah) for female highlight the intentional design for procreation and continuity of life. This pairing reflects the divine plan for the preservation of species, emphasizing the importance of gender roles in creation.

of every creature
This phrase indicates the inclusivity of God's salvation plan for the animal kingdom. The Hebrew word "חַיָּה" (chayah) for creature encompasses all living beings, signifying the breadth of God's care and the comprehensive nature of His covenant with creation. It reminds us of the interconnectedness of life and the stewardship entrusted to humanity.

as God had commanded Noah
Here, the emphasis is on obedience to divine instruction. The Hebrew word "צִוָּה" (tsavah) for commanded conveys a sense of authoritative direction. Noah's compliance with God's command is a testament to his faith and righteousness, serving as a model for believers to follow divine guidance even when the reasons are not fully understood.

Then the LORD shut him in
This phrase highlights divine intervention and protection. The Hebrew word "סָגַר" (sagar) for shut implies a secure enclosure, indicating that God Himself ensured Noah's safety. The use of "LORD" (YHWH) emphasizes the covenantal relationship and personal care God has for His people. This act of shutting in is a powerful symbol of God's sovereignty and the assurance of His protection amidst judgment. It serves as a reminder that ultimate security is found in God's hands, and His presence is a refuge for the faithful.

For forty days
The phrase "for forty days" is significant throughout the Bible, often symbolizing a period of testing, trial, or judgment. In Hebrew, the number forty (אַרְבָּעִים, arba'im) is frequently associated with times of significant change or transformation. For instance, Moses spent forty days on Mount Sinai, and Jesus fasted for forty days in the wilderness. Here, the forty days of rain represent a divine judgment and purification of the earth, a period during which God cleanses the world of its corruption.

the flood kept coming
The Hebrew word for "flood" (מַבּוּל, mabbul) is unique to the Genesis flood narrative, emphasizing the cataclysmic nature of this event. The phrase "kept coming" suggests a relentless, overwhelming force, indicative of God's power and the seriousness of His judgment. This continuous deluge serves as a reminder of the consequences of sin and the extent to which God will go to restore righteousness.

on the earth
The term "earth" (אֶרֶץ, erets) in Hebrew can refer to the entire world or a specific land. In this context, it underscores the universality of the flood's impact, affecting all of creation. This global scope highlights the severity of humanity's sin and the comprehensive nature of God's judgment, as well as His sovereignty over all the earth.

and the waters rose
The rising waters symbolize the increasing intensity of God's judgment. The Hebrew verb for "rose" (גָּבַר, gabar) conveys the idea of prevailing or becoming mighty. This imagery of the waters gaining strength serves as a powerful reminder of God's might and the inescapable nature of His decrees. It also foreshadows the eventual triumph of God's will over human rebellion.

and lifted the ark
The ark, a vessel of salvation, is "lifted" by the very waters that bring judgment. The Hebrew verb for "lifted" (נָשָׂא, nasa) can also mean to carry or bear up. This duality illustrates God's provision and protection for those who are faithful, even amidst judgment. The ark's elevation signifies the separation of the righteous from the wicked, a theme that resonates throughout Scripture.

high above the earth
The phrase "high above the earth" emphasizes the ark's safety and the divine protection afforded to Noah and his family. The Hebrew word for "high" (מְאֹד, me'od) suggests an exceeding or great height, reinforcing the idea of God's deliverance. This imagery of elevation not only signifies physical safety but also spiritual elevation, as those who trust in God are lifted above the trials and tribulations of the world. This serves as an inspirational reminder of God's faithfulness to His promises and His ability to save those who are righteous in His sight.

The waters surged
The Hebrew word for "surged" is "גָּבַר" (gabar), which conveys the idea of prevailing or becoming mighty. This word choice emphasizes the overwhelming power and dominance of the floodwaters. In a spiritual context, it reflects the might of God's judgment and the seriousness of sin that necessitated such a divine intervention. Historically, this phrase underscores the catastrophic nature of the flood, which is supported by various flood narratives found in ancient cultures, suggesting a shared memory of a significant deluge.

and increased greatly
The phrase "increased greatly" is derived from the Hebrew "רָבָה" (ravah), meaning to multiply or become numerous. This indicates not just a rise in water levels but an exponential growth, symbolizing the totality of God's judgment. Theologically, it serves as a reminder of the consequences of human disobedience and the extent to which God will go to cleanse and renew His creation. The historical context of this phrase aligns with geological evidence of ancient floods, which some scholars argue supports the biblical account.

on the earth
The term "earth" here is "אֶרֶץ" (erets) in Hebrew, which can mean land, ground, or the entire world. In this context, it signifies the global scope of the flood, reinforcing the narrative of a worldwide event. This phrase challenges readers to consider the universality of God's sovereignty and the reach of His actions. Scripturally, it connects to the idea that all of creation is under God's dominion, as seen throughout the Bible.

and the ark
The "ark" is referred to as "תֵּבָה" (tevah) in Hebrew, a term used only for Noah's ark and the basket of baby Moses. This unique usage highlights the ark as a vessel of salvation and divine protection. From a conservative Christian perspective, the ark is a type of Christ, symbolizing deliverance from judgment through faith and obedience. Archaeologically, while the exact location of the ark remains debated, its construction details in Genesis provide insight into ancient shipbuilding techniques.

floated on the surface
The word "floated" comes from the Hebrew "הָלַךְ" (halak), meaning to go or walk, suggesting a gentle movement guided by God's hand. This imagery of the ark floating peacefully amidst chaos serves as a metaphor for God's provision and care for those who trust in Him. Theologically, it reassures believers of God's ability to sustain and protect His people through life's storms.

of the water
"Water" in Hebrew is "מַיִם" (mayim), often symbolizing chaos and judgment in biblical literature. Here, it represents both the instrument of God's judgment and the medium through which salvation is achieved. The dual nature of water as both destructive and life-sustaining is a recurring theme in Scripture, reminding believers of God's power to bring both judgment and mercy. Historically, water has been a central element in many ancient Near Eastern flood myths, underscoring its significance in the Genesis narrative.

And the waters prevailed
The Hebrew word for "prevailed" is "גָּבַר" (gabar), which conveys the idea of being strong, mighty, or powerful. This word choice emphasizes the overwhelming force and dominance of the floodwaters. In a spiritual sense, this can be seen as a demonstration of God's sovereign power over creation. The waters did not just rise; they prevailed, indicating a divine purpose and control in the unfolding of these events.

so greatly upon the earth
The phrase "so greatly" underscores the extent and magnitude of the flood. The Hebrew word "מְאֹד" (me'od) is used here, which can mean exceedingly or very much. This emphasizes the totality and completeness of the flood's impact on the earth. It serves as a reminder of the seriousness of sin and the lengths to which God will go to cleanse and renew His creation.

that all the high mountains
The mention of "all the high mountains" signifies the universality of the flood. The Hebrew word for mountains, "הָרִים" (harim), indicates not just hills but the highest elevations known to the ancient world. This detail highlights the thoroughness of God's judgment, as even the most elevated and seemingly secure places were not spared. It serves as a metaphor for the inescapability of divine judgment.

under all the heavens
This phrase, "under all the heavens," uses the Hebrew "תַּחַת כָּל הַשָּׁמָיִם" (tachat kol hashamayim), which means beneath the entire sky. It reinforces the idea that the flood was a global event, affecting every part of the earth. This universality is a key point in understanding the narrative as it speaks to the comprehensive nature of God's judgment and the need for a new beginning for humanity.

were covered
The Hebrew word "כָּסָה" (kasah) means to cover or conceal. This word choice indicates that the waters completely enveloped the mountains, leaving no part visible. It symbolizes the totality of God's judgment and the complete eradication of the old, sinful world. In a broader theological context, it points to the necessity of a fresh start and the hope of redemption and renewal that follows judgment.

The waters rose
This phrase signifies the overwhelming and unstoppable nature of God's judgment through the flood. In Hebrew, the word for "rose" is "גָּבַר" (gabar), which conveys the idea of prevailing or becoming mighty. This rising of the waters symbolizes the power and authority of God over creation, emphasizing His ability to execute judgment and fulfill His promises. Historically, the flood narrative serves as a reminder of the consequences of human sin and the righteousness of God.

and covered the mountains
The Hebrew word for "covered" is "כָּסָה" (kasah), which means to conceal or hide. This indicates the totality of the flood's impact, as even the highest points of the earth were submerged. The mountains, often seen as symbols of stability and permanence, were not immune to God's judgment. This serves as a powerful reminder that nothing in creation is beyond the reach of God's will. The covering of the mountains also prefigures the idea of baptism, where believers are fully immersed, symbolizing death to sin and resurrection to new life.

to a depth of fifteen cubits
A cubit is an ancient measurement roughly equivalent to the length of a forearm, about 18 inches or 45 centimeters. Thus, fifteen cubits would be approximately 22.5 feet or 6.75 meters. This specific measurement underscores the thoroughness of the flood, ensuring that even the tallest mountains were submerged. The precision of this detail highlights the historical nature of the account, affirming the reliability of Scripture. In a broader theological context, the number fifteen can symbolize rest and deliverance, as it is the sum of seven (completion) and eight (new beginnings). This depth signifies the completeness of God's judgment and the promise of a new beginning for Noah and his family.

And every creature
The phrase "every creature" underscores the universality of the flood's impact. In Hebrew, the word for "creature" is "נֶפֶשׁ" (nephesh), which often refers to a living being with breath. This highlights the comprehensive nature of God's judgment, affecting all forms of life that possess the breath of life. It serves as a reminder of the seriousness of sin and the extent of divine justice.

that had moved upon the earth
The Hebrew verb "רָמַשׂ" (ramas) means "to move" or "to creep," indicating all creatures that lived on land. This phrase emphasizes the totality of the flood's destruction, sparing none that dwelt on the earth's surface. It reflects the thoroughness of God's judgment against a world that had become corrupt and violent.

perished
The word "perished" in Hebrew is "גָּוַע" (gava), meaning to expire or die. This term conveys the finality and irreversible nature of the flood's devastation. It serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of sin and the reality of divine judgment, urging believers to live righteously.

birds, livestock, animals
These categories of creatures—birds, livestock, and animals—represent the diversity of life that was affected. Each group had its role in the created order, and their destruction signifies the disruption of God's intended harmony due to human sin. It calls believers to reflect on the stewardship of creation and the impact of sin on the natural world.

every creature that swarms upon the earth
The phrase "every creature that swarms" uses the Hebrew word "שֶׁרֶץ" (sherets), referring to small, teeming creatures. This inclusion highlights the meticulousness of the flood's reach, affecting even the smallest forms of life. It serves as a reminder of God's attention to detail and the comprehensive nature of His judgments.

and all mankind
The phrase "all mankind" underscores the primary target of the flood's judgment. Humanity, created in God's image, had fallen into deep corruption, necessitating divine intervention. This serves as a poignant reminder of the gravity of sin and the need for repentance and redemption through Christ, who offers salvation to all who believe.

Everything on dry land
This phrase emphasizes the totality of the destruction that occurred during the flood. The Hebrew word for "everything" is "kol," which signifies completeness or entirety. The phrase "on dry land" specifies the scope of the devastation, indicating that all terrestrial life was affected. This highlights the severity of God's judgment and the extent of the flood's impact, serving as a sobering reminder of the consequences of sin and disobedience.

that had the breath of life
The "breath of life" is a significant phrase that connects back to Genesis 2:7, where God breathed life into Adam. The Hebrew word for "breath" is "neshamah," which denotes the divine breath that animates living beings. This phrase underscores the sanctity and divine origin of life, reminding us that life is a precious gift from God. The loss of this breath during the flood signifies the withdrawal of God's sustaining power due to humanity's corruption.

in its nostrils
The mention of "nostrils" is a vivid detail that personalizes the creatures affected by the flood. The Hebrew word "aph" can mean both "nostrils" and "anger," which may imply the righteous anger of God against sin. This detail serves to remind readers of the personal nature of God's creation and the intimate connection between the Creator and His creatures. It also highlights the tragedy of the flood, as it affected all living beings that shared in the divine breath.

died
The finality of the word "died" is stark and sobering. The Hebrew word "muth" is used here, which is often associated with the consequence of sin, as seen in Genesis 2:17. This word serves as a reminder of the wages of sin and the reality of divine judgment. However, it also points forward to the hope of redemption and resurrection, as the narrative of Scripture unfolds God's plan to conquer death through Jesus Christ. This verse, while somber, ultimately points to the hope of new life and restoration through faith in God's promises.

And every living thing on the face of the earth was destroyed
This phrase underscores the totality of the judgment that God executed upon the earth. The Hebrew word for "destroyed" is "מָחָה" (machah), which conveys a sense of wiping out or obliterating. This reflects the severity of God's judgment against sin, emphasizing His holiness and justice. The phrase "on the face of the earth" indicates the universality of the flood, affecting all creation, not just humanity. This serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of widespread sin and rebellion against God.

man and livestock, crawling creatures and birds of the air
The specificity in listing "man and livestock, crawling creatures and birds of the air" highlights the comprehensive nature of the destruction. Each category of life is mentioned to show that no part of creation was exempt from the judgment. This mirrors the creation account in Genesis 1, where God created these categories of life, now showing that the same God who creates also has the authority to judge and destroy. The inclusion of "livestock" and "crawling creatures" indicates that the effects of human sin extend beyond humanity, impacting all of creation.

they were blotted out from the earth
The phrase "blotted out" uses the Hebrew word "מָחָה" (machah) again, reinforcing the idea of complete erasure. This is not merely a physical destruction but a removal from existence, akin to erasing a name from a book. It signifies the finality of God's judgment and serves as a warning of the ultimate judgment to come, as referenced in the New Testament. The earth, once filled with life, is now purged of its corruption, preparing for a new beginning.

and only Noah and those with him in the ark remained
This phrase highlights the theme of divine grace and salvation. "Only Noah and those with him" signifies the remnant chosen by God to survive the judgment. Noah's obedience and faith are central here, as he found favor in the eyes of the Lord (Genesis 6:8). The "ark" symbolizes God's provision and protection, a type of Christ, who is our refuge from the coming judgment. This remnant motif is a recurring theme throughout Scripture, illustrating God's faithfulness to preserve a people for Himself despite widespread apostasy.

And the waters prevailed
The phrase "the waters prevailed" indicates the overwhelming and dominant force of the floodwaters. In Hebrew, the word for "prevailed" is "גָּבַר" (gabar), which conveys the idea of being strong, mighty, or powerful. This suggests that the flood was not just a natural occurrence but a divinely orchestrated event demonstrating God's sovereign power over creation. The waters' prevailing signifies the complete subjugation of the earth under God's judgment, emphasizing His authority and the seriousness of sin that necessitated such a drastic measure.

upon the earth
The phrase "upon the earth" underscores the universality of the flood's impact. The Hebrew word for "earth" is "אֶרֶץ" (erets), which can mean land, country, or the entire world, depending on the context. Here, it implies the global scope of the flood, affecting all of creation. This aligns with the narrative of Genesis, where the earth is the stage for God's creative and redemptive acts. The flood serves as a reset for humanity and creation, purging the earth of widespread corruption and violence, as described earlier in Genesis 6:11-13.

for 150 days
The specific mention of "150 days" highlights the duration and severity of the flood. In the Hebrew calendar, this period would encompass five months, indicating a prolonged time of judgment and cleansing. The number 150, while not having a specific symbolic meaning in Hebrew numerology, emphasizes the completeness and thoroughness of God's judgment. This extended period allowed for the full realization of the flood's purpose: to cleanse the earth and prepare it for a new beginning with Noah and his family. The duration also reflects God's patience and the opportunity for repentance, even amidst judgment.