in the temple courts
The "temple courts" refer to the outer areas of the Temple in Jerusalem, accessible to all people, including Gentiles. This setting is significant because it was a place of teaching and gathering, where rabbis would often discuss the Scriptures. Jesus' presence here underscores His role as a teacher and His mission to reach a broad audience. The temple courts were a hub of religious activity, symbolizing the heart of Jewish worship and tradition.

in Solomon’s Colonnade
"Solomon’s Colonnade," also known as Solomon's Porch, was a covered walkway on the eastern side of the Temple Mount. It was named after King Solomon, who built the first temple. This location is historically and theologically significant, as it was a place where early Christians, including the apostles, would later gather (Acts 5:12). The colonnade provided shelter and a space for teaching and dialogue. Jesus' presence here connects Him to the wisdom and legacy of Solomon, emphasizing His role as the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy and wisdom. Solomon's Colonnade was a place of gathering and reflection, symbolizing the continuity of God's work from the Old Covenant to the New.

In Solomon's porch.--The place is mentioned again in Acts 3:11; Acts 5:12. It was rather a cloister or arcade than what we usually call a porch. It is said to have been on the east of the Temple, and to have been a relic of the original building which had survived all destructions and restorations, and had brought down its founder's name from its founder's time. (Comp. Jos. Ant. xx. 9, ? 7.) It does not seem clear, however, that Josephus calls anything more than the eastern wall by the name of Solomon, and he calls the cloister above it simply the "Eastern cloister." It is more likely that the true position of "Solomon's porch" is to be found in one of the subterranean structures which existed in the time of our Lord, and exist now as they did in the time of Solomon. Caspari would identify the corridor under El-Aksa with "Solomon's porch," and thus connect the place where our Lord walked at this feast with the Holy Church of Zion, and the place of the outpouring of the Holy Ghost. (Chron. and Geogr., Introd., Append. ? 22; Eng. Trans., pp. 297-9. Comp. Note on refs. in Acts.) The place as mentioned here is another instance of the writer's remembrance of topographical details connected with the Temple. (Comp. John 8:20.) The fact that it was winter, and the fact that He was walking in this covered cloister or crypt, explain each other.