1 Samuel 8:13
New International Version
He will take your daughters to be perfumers and cooks and bakers.

New Living Translation
The king will take your daughters from you and force them to cook and bake and make perfumes for him.

English Standard Version
He will take your daughters to be perfumers and cooks and bakers.

Berean Standard Bible
And he will take your daughters to be perfumers, cooks, and bakers.

King James Bible
And he will take your daughters to be confectionaries, and to be cooks, and to be bakers.

New King James Version
He will take your daughters to be perfumers, cooks, and bakers.

New American Standard Bible
He will also take your daughters and use them as perfumers, cooks, and bakers.

NASB 1995
“He will also take your daughters for perfumers and cooks and bakers.

NASB 1977
“He will also take your daughters for perfumers and cooks and bakers.

Legacy Standard Bible
He will also take your daughters for perfumers and cooks and bakers.

Amplified Bible
He will take your daughters to be perfumers, cooks, and bakers.

Christian Standard Bible
He can take your daughters to become perfumers, cooks, and bakers.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
He can take your daughters to become perfumers, cooks, and bakers.

American Standard Version
And he will take your daughters to be perfumers, and to be cooks, and to be bakers.

Contemporary English Version
Your daughters will have to make perfume or do his cooking and baking.

English Revised Version
And he will take your daughters to be confectionaries, and to be cooks, and to be bakers.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
He will take your daughters and have them make perfumes, cook, and bake.

Good News Translation
Your daughters will have to make perfumes for him and work as his cooks and his bakers.

International Standard Version
He will take your daughters for perfumers, cooks, and bakers.

Majority Standard Bible
And he will take your daughters to be perfumers, cooks, and bakers.

NET Bible
He will take your daughters to be ointment makers, cooks, and bakers.

New Heart English Bible
He will take your daughters to be perfumers, and to be cooks, and to be bakers.

Webster's Bible Translation
And he will take your daughters to be confectioneries, and to be cooks, and to be bakers.

World English Bible
He will take your daughters to be perfumers, to be cooks, and to be bakers.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
And he takes your daughters for perfumers, and for cooks, and for bakers;

Young's Literal Translation
'And your daughters he doth take for perfumers, and for cooks, and for bakers;

Smith's Literal Translation
And your daughters he will take for perfumers, and for cooks, and for bakers.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
Your daughters also he will take to make him ointments, and to be his cooks, and bakers.

Catholic Public Domain Version
Likewise, your daughters he will take for himself as makers of ointments, and as cooks and bakers.

New American Bible
He will use your daughters as perfumers, cooks, and bakers.

New Revised Standard Version
He will take your daughters to be perfumers and cooks and bakers.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
And he will take your daughters to be weavers and grinders and bakers.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And your daughters he will take for Weavers and for Meal Grinders and for Bakers
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
And he will take your daughters to be perfumers, and to be cooks, and to be bakers.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And he will take your daughters to be perfumers, and cooks, and bakers.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Samuel's Warning
12He will appoint some for himself as commanders of thousands and of fifties, and others to plow his ground, to reap his harvest, to make his weapons of war, and to equip his chariots. 13And he will take your daughters to be perfumers, cooks, and bakers. 14He will take the best of your fields and vineyards and olive groves and give them to his servants.…

Cross References
1 Kings 12:4
“Your father put a heavy yoke on us. But now you must lighten the burden of your father’s service and the heavy yoke he put on us, and we will serve you.”

1 Kings 4:6-7
Ahishar was in charge of the palace; and Adoniram son of Abda was in charge of the forced labor. / Solomon had twelve governors over all Israel to provide food for the king and his household. Each one would arrange provisions for one month of the year,

1 Kings 9:22
But Solomon did not consign any of the Israelites to slavery, because they were his men of war, his servants, his officers, his captains, and the commanders of his chariots and cavalry.

1 Kings 10:25-26
Year after year, each visitor would bring his tribute: articles of silver and gold, clothing, weapons, spices, horses, and mules. / Solomon accumulated 1,400 chariots and 12,000 horses, which he stationed in the chariot cities and also with him in Jerusalem.

1 Kings 12:10-11
The young men who had grown up with him replied, “This is how you should answer these people who said to you, ‘Your father made our yoke heavy, but you must make it lighter.’ This is what you should tell them: ‘My little finger is thicker than my father’s waist! / Whereas my father burdened you with a heavy yoke, I will add to your yoke. Whereas my father scourged you with whips, I will scourge you with scorpions.’”

2 Samuel 15:1
Some time later, Absalom provided for himself a chariot with horses and fifty men to run ahead of him.

1 Kings 5:13-14
Then King Solomon conscripted a labor force of 30,000 men from all Israel. / He sent them to Lebanon in monthly shifts of 10,000 men, so that they would spend one month in Lebanon and two months at home. And Adoniram was in charge of the forced labor.

1 Kings 12:14
and spoke to them as the young men had advised, saying, “Whereas my father made your yoke heavy, I will add to your yoke. Whereas my father scourged you with whips, I will scourge you with scorpions.”

1 Kings 22:39
As for the rest of the acts of Ahab, along with all his accomplishments and the ivory palace and all the cities he built, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel?

2 Chronicles 10:4
“Your father put a heavy yoke on us. But now you must lighten the burden of your father’s service and the heavy yoke he put on us, and we will serve you.”

2 Chronicles 10:10-11
The young men who had grown up with him replied, “This is how you should answer these people who said to you, ‘Your father made our yoke heavy, but you must make it lighter.’ This is what you should tell them: ‘My little finger is thicker than my father’s waist! / Whereas my father burdened you with a heavy yoke, I will add to your yoke. Whereas my father scourged you with whips, I will scourge you with scorpions.’”

2 Chronicles 10:14
and spoke to them as the young men had advised, saying, “Whereas my father made your yoke heavy, I will add to your yoke. Whereas my father scourged you with whips, I will scourge you with scorpions.”

Ezekiel 45:8
This land will be his possession in Israel. And My princes will no longer oppress My people, but will give the rest of the land to the house of Israel according to their tribes.

Ezekiel 46:18
The prince must not take any of the inheritance of the people by evicting them from their property. He is to provide an inheritance for his sons from his own property, so that none of My people will be displaced from his property.’”

Matthew 20:25
But Jesus called them aside and said, “You know that the rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them, and their superiors exercise authority over them.


Treasury of Scripture

And he will take your daughters to be confectionaries, and to be cooks, and to be bakers.

Jump to Previous
Bakers Daughters Makers Perfumers Perfumes
Jump to Next
Bakers Daughters Makers Perfumers Perfumes
1 Samuel 8
1. By occasion of the ill government of Samuel's sons, the Israelites ask a king
6. Samuel praying in grief is comforted by God
10. He tells the manner of a king
19. God wills Samuel to yield unto the importunity of the people














And he will take your daughters
This phrase highlights the authority and power that a king would have over the people, including their families. In the context of ancient Israel, the request for a king was a significant shift from the theocratic leadership under judges to a monarchy. This transition is seen as a rejection of God's direct rule (1 Samuel 8:7). The taking of daughters signifies the loss of personal freedom and the imposition of royal demands. Historically, kings often conscripted individuals for service in their courts, which was a common practice in ancient Near Eastern cultures. This reflects the broader theme of the cost of human kingship compared to divine leadership.

to be perfumers
Perfumers were skilled artisans responsible for creating fragrances, which were used in religious rituals, personal grooming, and royal ceremonies. The mention of perfumers indicates the luxurious and opulent lifestyle of a king's court. In biblical times, perfumes were made from a variety of natural ingredients, including myrrh and frankincense, which were highly valued (Exodus 30:34-38). This role underscores the king's demand for the best resources and talents for his own purposes, often at the expense of the people's freedom and resources.

cooks
Cooks were essential for preparing the elaborate meals required for the king's household and official functions. The inclusion of cooks in this list emphasizes the king's need for a large retinue to maintain his court's daily operations. This reflects the broader economic burden that a monarchy would place on the people, as they would be required to support the king's lifestyle. The role of cooks also highlights the shift from a simpler, agrarian society to one that supports a centralized, hierarchical government.

and bakers
Bakers were responsible for producing bread, a staple food in ancient Israel. Bread held significant cultural and religious importance, often symbolizing sustenance and life (John 6:35). The mention of bakers indicates the king's control over essential resources and the labor required to sustain his court. This role further illustrates the demands placed on the people to support the monarchy, contrasting with the previous system where resources were more equitably distributed among the tribes. The taking of daughters for such roles serves as a warning of the potential exploitation and loss of autonomy under a human king.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Samuel
The last judge of Israel, a prophet who anointed the first two kings of Israel, Saul and David. He is the one conveying God's message to the Israelites about the consequences of demanding a king.

2. Israelites
The people of Israel who demanded a king to rule over them, desiring to be like other nations, despite God's warnings through Samuel.

3. King
The future monarch that the Israelites are demanding, who will impose burdens on them, including taking their daughters for his service.

4. Daughters
The young women of Israel who will be taken by the king to serve in various roles within his household and administration.

5. Perfumers, Cooks, and Bakers
Specific roles that the daughters will be assigned, indicating the king's control over personal and domestic aspects of life.
Teaching Points
Understanding Authority and Its Consequences
The desire for a king reflects a human tendency to seek security in earthly authority rather than divine guidance. This passage warns of the potential for abuse and exploitation under human rulers.

The Cost of Conformity
The Israelites' demand for a king to be like other nations highlights the dangers of conforming to worldly standards. Christians are called to be distinct and rely on God's leadership.

The Role of Women in Society
The mention of daughters being taken for service underscores the vulnerability of women in societal structures. It invites reflection on how we value and protect the roles of women today.

God's Sovereignty vs. Human Choice
Despite the people's choice to have a king, God's sovereignty remains. This passage encourages believers to trust in God's ultimate plan, even when human choices lead to difficult circumstances.(13) Confectionaries.--Better rendered perfumers--that is, makers of ointments and scents, of which Orientals are inordinately fond.

Verse 13. - Confectionaries. Rather, "perfumers," makers of ointments and scents, of which Orientals are excessively fond. It is remarkable that Samuel does not mention the far worse use to which Solomon put their daughters (1 Kings 11:3), and to a less extent David and some other kings.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
And
וְאֶת־ (wə·’eṯ-)
Conjunctive waw | Direct object marker
Strong's 853: Untranslatable mark of the accusative case

he will take
יִקָּ֑ח (yiq·qāḥ)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 3947: To take

your daughters
בְּנוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם (bə·nō·w·ṯê·ḵem)
Noun - feminine plural construct | second person masculine plural
Strong's 1323: A daughter

[to [be] perfumers,
לְרַקָּח֥וֹת (lə·raq·qā·ḥō·wṯ)
Preposition-l | Noun - feminine plural
Strong's 7548: (female) ointment maker, perfumer

cooks,
וּלְטַבָּח֖וֹת (ū·lə·ṭab·bā·ḥō·wṯ)
Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l | Noun - feminine plural
Strong's 2879: A female cook

and bakers.
וּלְאֹפֽוֹת׃ (ū·lə·’ō·p̄ō·wṯ)
Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Participle - feminine plural
Strong's 644: To cook, to bake


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OT History: 1 Samuel 8:13 He will take your daughters to be (1Sa iSam 1 Sam i sa)
1 Samuel 8:12
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