Refine
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Topical Encyclopedia
The concept of refining in the Bible is often used metaphorically to describe the process of purification and sanctification that God performs in the lives of His people. The imagery of refining is drawn from the process of purifying metals, such as gold and silver, by removing impurities through intense heat. This process is emblematic of spiritual purification and the trials believers undergo to become more like Christ.

Old Testament References

In the Old Testament, the refining process is frequently mentioned in the context of God's judgment and purification of His people. Malachi 3:2-3 states, "But who can endure the day of His coming? And who can stand when He appears? For He will be like a refiner’s fire, like a launderer’s soap. And He will sit as a refiner and purifier of silver; He will purify the sons of Levi and refine them like gold and silver. Then they will present offerings to the LORD in righteousness." Here, the prophet Malachi speaks of the coming of the Lord as a time of purification, where God will cleanse His people, particularly the priests, to restore righteousness.

Similarly, in Zechariah 13:9 , the refining process is used to describe the purification of a remnant: "This third I will bring through the fire; I will refine them like silver and test them like gold. They will call on My name, and I will answer them. I will say, ‘They are My people,’ and they will say, ‘The LORD is our God.’" This passage highlights the covenant relationship between God and His people, emphasizing that through refining, a faithful remnant will emerge.

New Testament References

The New Testament continues the theme of refining, often in the context of trials and suffering that lead to spiritual growth. In 1 Peter 1:6-7 , the apostle Peter writes, "In this you greatly rejoice, though now for a little while you may have had to suffer grief in various trials, so that the proven character of your faith—more precious than gold, which perishes even though refined by fire—may result in praise, glory, and honor at the revelation of Jesus Christ." Here, Peter encourages believers to view their trials as a refining process that strengthens their faith, which is of greater value than gold.

The apostle Paul also touches on this theme in Romans 5:3-4 , where he states, "Not only that, but we also rejoice in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; perseverance, character; and character, hope." Although the term "refine" is not explicitly used, the process of developing character through suffering aligns with the refining metaphor.

Theological Significance

Theologically, the concept of refining underscores the transformative work of God in the believer's life. It is a process that involves both divine initiative and human response. God, as the divine Refiner, uses trials and challenges to purify His people, removing the dross of sin and impurity. This process is not punitive but redemptive, aimed at producing holiness and righteousness.

Refining also speaks to the eschatological hope of believers. Just as metals are refined to reveal their true value, so too are believers refined to reveal the image of Christ within them. This process is ongoing throughout the believer's life and will be completed at the return of Christ, when believers will be fully sanctified and glorified.

In summary, the biblical theme of refining serves as a powerful metaphor for the sanctifying work of God in the lives of His people, illustrating the transformative journey towards holiness and the ultimate fulfillment of God's redemptive purposes.
Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary
1. (v. t.) To reduce to a fine, unmixed, or pure state; to free from impurities; to free from dross or alloy; to separate from extraneous matter; to purify; to defecate; as, to refine gold or silver; to refine iron; to refine wine or sugar.

2. (v. t.) To purify from what is gross, coarse, vulgar, inelegant, low, and the like; to make elegant or excellent; to polish; as, to refine the manners, the language, the style, the taste, the intellect, or the moral feelings.

3. (v. i.) To become pure; to be cleared of feculent matter.

4. (v. i.) To improve in accuracy, delicacy, or excellence.

5. (v. i.) To affect nicety or subtlety in thought or language.

Strong's Hebrew
2212. zaqaq -- to refine, purify
... zaqaq. 2213 . to refine, purify. Transliteration: zaqaq Phonetic Spelling:
(zaw-kak') Short Definition: refined. ... fine, pour down, purge, purify, refine. ...
/hebrew/2212.htm - 6k

6884. tsaraph -- to smelt, refine, test
... 6883, 6884. tsaraph. 6885 . to smelt, refine, test. Transliteration: tsaraph
Phonetic Spelling: (tsaw-raf') Short Definition: goldsmith. Word Origin a prim ...
/hebrew/6884.htm - 6k

6338. pazaz -- to be refined
... root Definition to be refined NASB Word Usage refined (1). refine. A primitive root;
to refine (gold) -- best (gold). 6337, 6338. pazaz. 6339 . ...
/hebrew/6338.htm - 5k

Library

The Providence of God
... Isaiah 10: God will be in no man's debt. He makes use of the wicked sometimes to
protect and shield his church; and sometimes to refine and purify it. ...
//christianbookshelf.org/watson/a body of divinity/14 the providence of god.htm

'Make the Tree Good'
... And my recipe is pictures and statues, and all that will refine the mind, and lift
the taste.' That is the popular gospel of this day, in a great many quarters ...
/.../maclaren/expositions of holy scripture b/make the tree good.htm

Christ's Work of Destruction and Deliverance. Rev. John H. James.
... The theory which seeks to divest all that is said about the devil in Scripture of
everything like personality, and to refine it away into figurative ...
/.../the wesleyan methodist pulpit in malvern/christs work of destruction and.htm

The Boy Hugh
... If troubadours did not exactly "touch guitars," at least songsters tackled
verse-making and helped to refine the table manners of barons and retainers by ...
/.../christianbookshelf.org/marson/hugh bishop of lincoln/chapter i the boy hugh.htm

Should Reply be Made?
... men and teachers in her communion, who deny the Incarnation, repudiate vicarious
sacrifice, make light of the story of the resurrection, and refine the risen ...
/.../concerning the assumptions of destructive criticism/ii should reply be made.htm

Books and Reading.
... Knowledge on almost any subject has a marked tendency to sharpen one's wits, to
refine his tastes, to ennoble his spirit, to improve his judgement, to ...
/.../judy/questionable amusements and worthy substitutes/vi books and reading.htm

Further Strictures on the Same Subject.
... in some gardened or seaside retreat; let him enlarge his expenses; let him carefully
seek the rarest delicacy of fatted fowls; let him refine his old wine: and ...
/.../tertullian/on repentance/chapter xi further strictures on the.htm

Meekness and Rest
... with our mother's milk. Culture and education refine these things slightly
but leave them basically untouched. A whole world of ...
//christianbookshelf.org/tozer/the pursuit of god/ix meekness and rest.htm

A Blow at Self-Righteousness
... You would not state your opinion in so bold a manner; you would refine it, you would
gild it, you would disguise it, but it would come to the same thing after ...
/.../spurgeon/spurgeons sermons volume 7 1861/a blow at self-righteousness.htm

The Puritan Beginnings of the Church in virginia ---Its Decline ...
... They were chiefly "gentlemen" again, and goldsmiths, whose duty was to discover
and refine the quantities of gold that the stockholders in the enterprise were ...
/.../bacon/a history of american christianity/chapter v the puritan beginnings.htm

Thesaurus
Refine (9 Occurrences)
... unmixed, or pure state; to free from impurities; to free from dross or alloy; to
separate from extraneous matter; to purify; to defecate; as, to refine gold or ...
/r/refine.htm - 9k

Refined (26 Occurrences)
... Noah Webster's Dictionary 1. (imp. & pp) of Refine. ... (YLT). Job 28:1 For there is
a mine for silver, and a place for gold which they refine. (See NIV). ...
/r/refined.htm - 14k

Refiner (10 Occurrences)
... re-fin'-er, re-fin'-ing: Two Hebrew words have been translated "refine": (1) tsaraph,
literally, to "fuse" (Zechariah 13:9 Isaiah 48:10 Malachi 3:2, 3, etc.). ...
/r/refiner.htm - 13k

Refining (8 Occurrences)
... Noah Webster's Dictionary (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Refine. Int. Standard Bible
Encyclopedia. REFINER; REFINING. re-fin'-er, re-fin'-ing ...
/r/refining.htm - 12k

Purify (39 Occurrences)
... Daniel 11:35 Some of those who are wise shall fall, to refine them, and to purify,
and to make them white, even to the time of the end; because it is yet for ...
/p/purify.htm - 19k

Try (84 Occurrences)
... the good. 2. (vt) To purify or refine, as metals; to melt out, and procure
in a pure state, as oil, tallow, lard, etc. 3. (vt) To ...
/t/try.htm - 31k

Fine (184 Occurrences)
... tenths fine. 11. (superl.) (Used ironically.). 12. (v.) To make fine; to
refine; to purify, to clarify; as, to fine gold. 13. (v.) To ...
/f/fine.htm - 47k

Fining (2 Occurrences)
... 4. (n.) That which is used to refine; especially, a preparation of isinglass, gelatin,
etc., for clarifying beer. Int. Standard Bible Encyclopedia. ...
/f/fining.htm - 7k

Test (105 Occurrences)
... some soluble barium salt. 8. (vt) To refine, as gold or silver, in a test,
or cupel; to subject to cupellation. 9. (vt) To put to ...
/t/test.htm - 35k

Refers (4 Occurrences)

/r/refers.htm - 7k

Resources
What is absolute reality? | GotQuestions.org

What does it mean that judgment begins at the house of God? | GotQuestions.org

Summary of the Book of Zechariah - Bible Survey | GotQuestions.org

Refine: Dictionary and Thesaurus | Clyx.com

Bible ConcordanceBible DictionaryBible EncyclopediaTopical BibleBible Thesuarus
Concordance
Refine (9 Occurrences)

Judges 7:4
And Jehovah saith unto Gideon, 'Yet 'are' the people too many; bring them down unto the water, and I refine it for thee there; and it hath been, he of whom I say unto thee, This doth go with thee -- he doth go with thee; and any of whom I say unto thee, This doth not go with thee -- he doth not go.'
(YLT)

Job 28:1
"Surely there is a mine for silver, and a place for gold which they refine.
(WEB JPS ASV DBY YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Job 36:27
When He doth diminish droppings of the waters, They refine rain according to its vapour,
(YLT)

Isaiah 1:25
And I turn back My hand upon thee, And I refine as purity thy dross, And I turn aside all thy tin,
(YLT)

Jeremiah 6:29
The bellows blow fiercely; the lead is consumed of the fire: in vain do they go on refining; for the wicked are not plucked away.
(See JPS YLT)

Jeremiah 9:7
Therefore thus saith the LORD of hosts: behold, I will smelt them, and try them; for how else should I do, because of the daughter of My people?
(See NAS RSV NIV)

Daniel 11:35
Some of those who are wise shall fall, to refine them, and to purify, and to make them white, even to the time of the end; because it is yet for the time appointed.
(WEB JPS ASV NAS RSV NIV)

Zechariah 13:9
I will bring the third part into the fire, and will refine them as silver is refined, and will test them like gold is tested. They will call on my name, and I will hear them. I will say,'It is my people;' and they will say,'Yahweh is my God.'"
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Malachi 3:3
and he will sit as a refiner and purifier of silver, and he will purify the sons of Levi, and refine them as gold and silver; and they shall offer to Yahweh offerings in righteousness.
(Root in WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Subtopics

Refine

Related Terms

Overlayeth (19 Occurrences)

Refining (8 Occurrences)

Refinement (1 Occurrence)

Subtle (5 Occurrences)

Furnace (35 Occurrences)

Fine (184 Occurrences)

Refine (9 Occurrences)

Refiner (10 Occurrences)

Delicacy (1 Occurrence)

Marrow (5 Occurrences)

Tested (80 Occurrences)

Holies (23 Occurrences)

Purified (44 Occurrences)

Gold (429 Occurrences)

Try (84 Occurrences)

Nakedness (50 Occurrences)

Nice (1 Occurrence)

Uphaz (2 Occurrences)

Urbane (1 Occurrence)

Overlaying (4 Occurrences)

Overlay (15 Occurrences)

Lady (37 Occurrences)

Lees (3 Occurrences)

Liberal (11 Occurrences)

Gentle (48 Occurrences)

Glow (3 Occurrences)

Goldsmith (6 Occurrences)

Glowing (14 Occurrences)

Wines (3 Occurrences)

Wild (147 Occurrences)

Innermost (22 Occurrences)

Inner-house (2 Occurrences)

Tried (96 Occurrences)

Finest (23 Occurrences)

Flawless (7 Occurrences)

Taste (46 Occurrences)

Refines (1 Occurrence)

Robes (124 Occurrences)

Rushing (61 Occurrences)

Exalt (56 Occurrences)

Eye-salve (1 Occurrence)

Exalted (126 Occurrences)

Delicate (32 Occurrences)

Model (9 Occurrences)

Purged (19 Occurrences)

Proverbs (11 Occurrences)

Polished (23 Occurrences)

Test (105 Occurrences)

Buildings (28 Occurrences)

Burnished (6 Occurrences)

Cultured (1 Occurrence)

Crude (1 Occurrence)

Clothe (52 Occurrences)

Chaste (4 Occurrences)

Chastened (10 Occurrences)

Crucible (3 Occurrences)

Crystal (7 Occurrences)

Coarse (6 Occurrences)

Advise (10 Occurrences)

Shameful (27 Occurrences)

Subtile (4 Occurrences)

Subtil (3 Occurrences)

Subtlety (3 Occurrences)

Salve (1 Occurrence)

Spotless (10 Occurrences)

Subtilty (9 Occurrences)

Sevenfold (10 Occurrences)

Shelter (36 Occurrences)

Buy (71 Occurrences)

Preserved (27 Occurrences)

Plan (58 Occurrences)

Silver (329 Occurrences)

Cover (254 Occurrences)

Cherubs (52 Occurrences)

Brass (168 Occurrences)

Promises (35 Occurrences)

Talents (36 Occurrences)

Anoint (59 Occurrences)

Ophir (12 Occurrences)

Refers
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